WO2011111577A1 - 吸着炭及び吸着剤 - Google Patents
吸着炭及び吸着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011111577A1 WO2011111577A1 PCT/JP2011/054714 JP2011054714W WO2011111577A1 WO 2011111577 A1 WO2011111577 A1 WO 2011111577A1 JP 2011054714 W JP2011054714 W JP 2011054714W WO 2011111577 A1 WO2011111577 A1 WO 2011111577A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/44—Elemental carbon, e.g. charcoal, carbon black
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adsorbent charcoal that can effectively adsorb endotoxin and an adsorbent containing such adsorbent charcoal as an active ingredient.
- endotoxins are produced and absorbed in the intestine and transferred into the blood, causing organ damage.
- endotoxins are detoxified in the liver and excreted in the kidney.
- patients with impaired renal function or liver function may have severe symptoms such as uremia and impaired consciousness because they cannot excrete toxins and accumulate in the body due to these organ dysfunctions. is there.
- the number of patients with renal and liver dysfunction is increasing year by year due to an increase in lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes.
- Organ replacement devices or treatments that compensate for these organ functions and remove endotoxins from the body.
- the development of drugs and the development of therapeutic drugs or foods that suppress the absorption of endotoxins from the intestine into the blood are important issues.
- hemodialysis is the most widely used method for removing endotoxin, but basically it is removed by size fractionation, which causes endotoxin adsorbed on albumin and causes of diseases such as ⁇ 2 microglobulin. It was difficult to remove molecules that could become In recent years, dialysis treatment methods and wearable dialysis methods that purify and use hemodialysis dialysate have attracted attention. The spread of these treatment methods requires a technique for efficiently removing endotoxin that has migrated from blood to dialysate during hemodialysis.
- activated charcoal for oral administration is also listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia as medicinal charcoal etc.
- the purpose of adsorbing toxic substances in the digestive tract organs during drug poisoning or food poisoning and excreting it as feces Has been used in.
- the burden on the kidneys can be reduced and the introduction time to hemodialysis can be delayed to reduce dialysis frequency. be able to. Since hemodialysis has a great mental, physical, and economic burden on patients, an activated carbon preparation that can be administered orally has great advantages.
- the present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and adsorbed charcoal capable of effectively adsorbing endotoxins such as saccharified end products, and adsorption containing such adsorbed charcoal as an active ingredient.
- the purpose is to provide an agent.
- the present invention has made extensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, the present inventors have found that an adsorbed charcoal that can solve the above-mentioned problems can be obtained by examining the firing conditions and controlling the pore structure and the like of the adsorbed charcoal. More specifically, the present invention is as follows.
- the total pore volume is 0.10 to 1.0 mL / g, the average pore diameter is 1.0 to 2.0 nm, and the absorbance of the infrared absorption band at 1650-1800 cm ⁇ 1 is 0.005 or more.
- Adsorbed charcoal (2) The adsorbed charcoal according to (1), obtained by firing a carbon raw material in an electric furnace. (3) The adsorbed charcoal according to (2), wherein the carbon raw material is high-purity cellulose having a purity of 90% or more. (4) The adsorbed charcoal according to (2) or (3), wherein the carbon raw material is cellulose fine particles or cellulose nonwoven fabric. (5) An adsorbent containing the adsorbed charcoal according to any one of (1) to (4) as an active ingredient.
- an adsorbent charcoal that can effectively adsorb endotoxin such as a terminal saccharification product, and an adsorbent containing such an adsorbent charcoal as an active ingredient.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the infrared absorption spectrum of the adsorbed charcoal of Example 2. It is a figure which shows the result of the adsorption experiment with respect to the terminal saccharification product using the adsorption charcoal of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of the adsorption experiment with respect to indoxyl sulfuric acid using the adsorption charcoal of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of the adsorption experiment with respect to ammonia using the adsorption charcoal of Example 2.
- the adsorbed charcoal according to the present invention has a total pore volume of 0.10 to 1.0 mL / g, an average pore diameter of 1.0 to 2.0 nm, and the absorbance of the infrared absorption band at 1650-1800 cm ⁇ 1 . Is 0.005 or more.
- the total pore volume can be calculated from the N 2 adsorption amount substituted with liquid nitrogen at a relative pressure of 0.98 by applying the Gurbitsch law.
- the average pore diameter can be calculated from the BET specific surface area and the total pore volume according to the following formula.
- carbon raw material used as the raw material for the adsorbed coal As the carbon raw material used as the raw material for the adsorbed coal according to the present invention, known raw materials such as sawdust, wood, coconut grain, oil carbon, phenol resin, cellulose, acrylonitrile, coal pitch, and petroleum pitch can be used.
- high-purity cellulose having a purity of 90% or more that does not substantially contain phosphorus or potassium is preferable, and high-purity cellulose having a purity of 95% or more is more preferable.
- Known materials such as copper ammonia rayon, viscose rayon, cotton, pulp, linter, polynosic, and lyocell (Tencel) can be used as the high purity cellulose material.
- the adsorbed charcoal according to the present invention it is preferable to use cellulose fine particles as the carbon raw material, and it is more preferable to use cellulose fine particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the adsorbed charcoal according to the present invention is used for purification of blood or dialysate
- string-like or woven cellulose can also be suitably used.
- the above carbon raw material is fired in an electric furnace or the like.
- the carbon raw material is generally fired with an incombustible gas.
- the gas is not used but is fired with an electric furnace or the like.
- the adsorption charcoal which has the above pore structures etc. can be obtained.
- no gas is used, even if the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric, string, or woven cellulose is used as the carbon material, it is possible to obtain adsorbed charcoal that maintains its structure. Therefore, it is useful when adsorbed charcoal is used for purification of blood or dialysate.
- the firing temperature is preferably 300 to 1500 ° C.
- the temperature is not raised continuously to the firing temperature, but stepwise. Specifically, the temperature is first raised to 300 to 500 ° C. at a rate of 10 to 100 ° C. per hour and maintained at that temperature for 1 to 6 hours. Thereafter, the temperature is raised at a rate of 10 to 100 ° C. per hour and maintained for 1 to 6 hours every time the temperature rises by 100 to 500 ° C.
- the adsorbed charcoal thus obtained can effectively adsorb and remove endotoxins.
- In vivo toxins that can be removed by adsorption include those that are metabolized from carbohydrates and proteins in the body, and those that are taken orally with food. Specific examples include end glycation products, indole, indoxyl sulfate, Examples thereof include hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, p-cresol, dioxin, urea, creatinine and the like.
- the adsorbent according to the present invention contains the adsorbed charcoal according to the present invention as an active ingredient.
- This adsorbent may be used for medical purposes or may be used for other uses such as health supplements.
- the form can be powder, granule, tablet, dragee, capsule, suspension, stick, sachet, emulsion and the like.
- additives such as a binder, an excipient, a lubricant, a colorant, a disintegrant, and an oxygen scavenger are added to the adsorbed charcoal according to the present invention and molded by a conventional method.
- the dose and dose of the adsorbent vary depending on whether the subject is a human or other animal, and also depends on age, individual differences, medical conditions, etc., but generally the oral dose for human subjects Can be taken 1 to 20 g per day divided into 3 to 4 times, and the dosage can be adjusted according to the symptoms.
- Adsorbed charcoal was prepared by placing 100 g of Ceolus (registered trademark) PH-101 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd., average particle size 50 ⁇ m) in a crucible and firing it in an electric furnace.
- the firing conditions were as follows. The temperature is raised to 300 ° C. at a rate of 50 ° C. per hour and maintained at 300 ° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes. Next, the temperature is raised to 600 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 600 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 800 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 800 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 1000 ° C.
- the temperature is raised to 1200 ° C. at a rate of 25 ° C. per hour and maintained at 1200 ° C. for 2 hours. Further, the temperature is raised to 1300 ° C. at a rate of 20 ° C. per hour and maintained at 1300 ° C. for 3 hours. Finally, the temperature is lowered to 1000 ° C. over 7 hours, further lowered to 800 ° C. over 4 hours, and then naturally cooled.
- the obtained adsorbed coal had a total pore volume of 0.723 mL / g, an average pore diameter of 1.7 nm, and an absorbance of an infrared absorption band at 1650 to 1800 cm ⁇ 1 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was 0.006. there were.
- Adsorbed charcoal was prepared by placing 100 g of Ceolus (registered trademark) PH-101 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd., average particle size 50 ⁇ m) in a crucible and firing it in an electric furnace.
- the firing conditions were as follows. The temperature is raised to 300 ° C. at a rate of 20 ° C. per hour and maintained at 300 ° C. for 5 hours and 30 minutes. Next, the temperature is raised to 500 ° C. at a rate of 15 ° C. per hour and maintained at 500 ° C. for 4 hours. Finally, cool naturally.
- the obtained adsorbed charcoal had a total pore volume of 0.188 mL / g, an average pore diameter of 1.8 nm, and an absorbance of an infrared absorption band at 1650 to 1800 cm ⁇ 1 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was 0.086. there were.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the adsorbed charcoal of Example 2 is shown in FIG.
- Adsorbed charcoal was prepared by placing 100 g of Ceolus (registered trademark) PH-101 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd., average particle size 50 ⁇ m) in a crucible and firing it in an electric furnace.
- the firing conditions were as follows. The temperature is raised to 300 ° C. at a rate of 25 ° C. per hour and maintained at 300 ° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes. Next, the temperature is raised to 600 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 600 ° C. for 4 hours. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 800 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. Further, the temperature is raised to 1000 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. Finally, the temperature is lowered to 800 ° C. over 4 hours, and then naturally cooled.
- the obtained adsorbed coal had a total pore volume of 0.407 mL / g, an average pore diameter of 1.7 nm, and an absorbance of an infrared absorption band at 1650 to 1800 cm ⁇ 1 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was 0.007. there were.
- Adsorbed charcoal was prepared by placing 100 g of Benlyse SC282 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Co., Ltd., fiber single yarn thickness 1.5 dtex) in a crucible and firing in an electric furnace.
- the firing conditions were as follows. The temperature is raised to 300 ° C. at a rate of 50 ° C. per hour and maintained at 300 ° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes. Next, the temperature is raised to 600 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 600 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 800 ° C. at the same rate and maintained at 800 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 1000 ° C.
- the temperature is raised to 1200 ° C. at a rate of 25 ° C. per hour and maintained at 1200 ° C. for 3 hours. Finally, the temperature is lowered to 1000 ° C. over 5 hours, further lowered to 800 ° C. over 4 hours, and then naturally cooled.
- the obtained adsorbed charcoal had a total pore volume of 0.854 mL / g, an average pore diameter of 1.9 nm, and an absorbance of an infrared absorption band at 1650 to 1800 cm ⁇ 1 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was 0.062. there were.
- Klemedin registered trademark
- Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. which is a commercially available adsorbent charcoal
- the total pore volume was 0.784 mL / g
- the average pore diameter was 1.9 nm
- the absorbance of the infrared absorption band at 1650 to 1800 cm ⁇ 1 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was 0.004.
- AGE-1-BSA is dissolved in the coating solution to 1 ⁇ g / mL, then 100 ⁇ L is added to each well of a 96-well high-binding EIA / RIA microplate, and adsorbed overnight at 4 ° C. Turned into. Then, after washing three times with a washing solution using a plate washer (Auto mini washer, Model AMW-8), 200 ⁇ L of blocking solution was added, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour for blocking.
- a plate washer Auto mini washer, Model AMW-8
- composition of the coating solution, blocking solution, and dilution buffer used in the above experiment is as follows.
- -Coating solution Solution containing sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, 0.05% sodium azide (pH 9.6 to 9.8)
- Blocking solution phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing 1% BSA and 0.05% sodium azide
- Buffer for dilution 50 mM 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol [Tris (hydroxymethyl) amino containing 0.1% glycerol, 0.1% Tween 20, 0.05% sodium azide Methane] buffer (pH 7.4)
- FIG. 2 The result using the adsorbed charcoal of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the adsorbed charcoal of Example 1 could adsorb 97.4% of AGE-1, but the adsorbed charcoal of Comparative Example 1 could adsorb only 13.8% of AGE-1. From this, it can be seen that the adsorbed coal of Example 1 can adsorb and remove AGE-1 more effectively than the adsorbed coal of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 3 The results using the adsorbed charcoal of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Table 1 the adsorbed charcoal of Example 1 contains urea and creatinine without affecting ALB, Na, K, Cl, IP, T-CHO, and TG involved in the homeostasis. It was removed selectively.
- the adsorption charcoal of Example 3 has higher characteristics than the adsorption charcoal of Comparative Example 1 in the urea removal characteristics.
- FIG. 3 The result using the adsorbed charcoal of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, in the control, the concentration of indoxyl sulfate in the supernatant was 4.1911 ⁇ g / mL, but when the adsorbed charcoal of Example 4 was used, it decreased to 0.1866 ⁇ g / mL. On the other hand, when the adsorbed charcoal of Comparative Example 1 was used, it decreased only to 2.8487 ⁇ g / mL. From this, it can be seen that the adsorbed charcoal of Example 4 can adsorb and remove indoxyl sulfate more effectively than the adsorbed charcoal of Comparative Example 1.
- the adsorbed charcoal of the present invention can effectively adsorb endotoxins such as end saccharification products. Therefore, when this adsorbed charcoal is used as an oral adsorbent, the terminal saccharified product and the like can be adsorbed in the digestive tract and discharged out of the body. Thereby, the effect of preventing / delaying various organ disorders can be expected not only for patients with renal dysfunction but also for patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, since no gas is used when the carbon raw material is fired, when the cellulose nonwoven fabric is used as the carbon raw material, it is possible to obtain adsorbed charcoal in which the structure of the nonwoven fabric is maintained. Therefore, it can be expected that this adsorbed charcoal is used as it is for plasma exchange therapy (DFPP).
- DFPP plasma exchange therapy
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Abstract
Description
また、近年、血液透析の透析液を浄化再生して使用する透析治療法やウェアラブル透析が注目を集めている。これらの治療法の普及には、血液透析時に血液から透析液に移動した生体内毒素を効率的に除去する技術が必要とされている。
(2) 炭素原料を電気炉にて焼成して得られる上記(1)に記載の吸着炭。
(3) 前記炭素原料が純度90%以上の高純度セルロースである上記(2)に記載の吸着炭。
(4) 上記炭素原料がセルロース微粒子又はセルロース不織布である上記(2)又は(3)に記載の吸着炭。
(5) 上記(1)から(4)のいずれか1項に記載の吸着炭を有効成分として含有する吸着剤。
本発明に係る吸着炭は、全細孔容積が0.10~1.0mL/g、平均細孔直径が1.0~2.0nmであり、1650-1800cm-1における赤外吸収バンドの吸光度が0.005以上であることを特徴とするものである。
特に、本発明に係る吸着炭を経口吸着剤に用いる場合、炭素原料としてはセルロース微粒子を用いることが好ましく、粒径が0.1~1000μmであるセルロース微粒子を用いることがより好ましい。
また、本発明に係る吸着炭を血液や透析液の浄化に用いる場合、炭素原料としてはセルロース不織布を用いることが好ましく、繊維の単糸太さが0.1~3dtexであるセルロース不織布を用いることがより好ましい。なお、血液や透析液の浄化には紐状や織布状のセルロースも好適に使用できる。
また、ガスを用いないため、炭素材料として上記のような不織布状、紐状、織布状のセルロースを用いた場合であっても、その構造が維持された吸着炭を得ることができる。したがって、吸着炭を血液や透析液の浄化に用いる場合に有用である。
本発明に係る吸着剤は、本発明に係る吸着炭を有効成分として含有するものである。この吸着剤は、医療用途に用いられるものであってもよく、健康補助食品等の他の用途に用いられるものであってもよい。その形態は、散剤、顆粒、錠剤、糖衣錠、カプセル剤、懸濁剤、スティック剤、分包包装体、乳剤等とすることができる。
例えば錠剤の場合、本発明に係る吸着炭に、結合剤、賦形剤、潤沢剤、着色剤、崩壊剤、脱酸素剤等の添加剤が加えられ、定法により成型される。
吸着剤の投与量、服用量は、対象がヒトであるかその他の動物であるかにより、また、年令、個人差、病状等によっても異なるが、一般にヒトを対象とする場合の経口投与量は1日あたり1~20gを3~4回に分けて服用し、さらに症状によって適宜増減することができる。
以下の実施例において、吸着炭の全細孔容積、平均細孔直径、吸着炭の赤外吸収スペクトルは以下のようにして測定した。
約0.lgの吸着炭を標準セルに採り、装置の前処理部において、温度約200℃で約15時間の脱ガス処理(減圧乾燥)を行った後、島津-マイクロメトリックスASAP 2010(N2ガス吸着法、比表面積/細孔分布測定)を用いて測定した。不織布状の吸着炭については裁断した後に測定した。全細孔容積は相対圧0.98で、平均細孔直径はBET法比表面積及び全細孔容積から算出した。結果は各実施例、比較例に記載する。
フーリエ変換型赤外分光光度計(バリアン・テクノロジーズ・ジャパン・リミテッド社製)にて分析を実施した。顕微IR測定条件は以下の通りである。
透過法による測定で、アパーチャーサイズ100×100μm、積算回数100回、測定波数範囲4000~650cm-1、MCT検出器、分解能4cm-1にて測定した。顕微IR試料台(Ge結晶板)上に吸着炭を載せ、採取針を用いて、赤外光が透過するように薄く延ばし、赤外吸収スペクトルを測定した。この際、測定波数範囲において赤外吸収スペクトルが飽和していないことを確認した。赤外吸収バンドの吸光度は、無機物に特徴的なベースラインの傾きを利用し、4000cm-1の吸光度を基準とすることにより算出した。ただし、無機物に特徴的なベースラインの形状は、試料の形状により変動する可能性があることから、赤外吸収スペクトルをn=5で測定し、吸光度を算出し、さらに平均化した値をもって測定値とした。結果は各実施例、比較例に記載する。
セオラス(登録商標)PH-101(旭化成ケミカルズ社製、平均粒径50μm)100gをるつぼに入れ、電気炉にて焼成することにより、吸着炭を調製した。焼成条件は以下の通りとした。
1時間あたり50℃の割合で300℃まで昇温し、300℃で1時間30分維持する。
次に、同様の割合で600℃まで昇温し、600℃で2時間維持する。
その後、同様の割合で800℃まで昇温し、800℃で2時間維持する。
その後、1時間あたり30℃の割合で1000℃まで昇温し、1000℃で2時間維持する。
その後、1時間あたり25℃の割合で1200℃まで昇温し、1200℃で2時間維持する。
さらに、1時間あたり20℃の割合で1300℃まで昇温し、1300℃で3時間維持する。
最後に、7時間かけて1000℃まで降温し、さらに4時間かけて800℃まで降温し、その後自然冷却する。
セオラス(登録商標)PH-101(旭化成ケミカルズ社製、平均粒径50μm)100gをるつぼに入れ、電気炉にて焼成することにより、吸着炭を調製した。焼成条件は以下の通りとした。
1時間あたり20℃の割合で300℃まで昇温し、300℃で5時間30分維持する。
次に、1時間あたり15℃の割合で500℃まで昇温し、500℃で4時間維持する。
最後に、自然冷却する。
セオラス(登録商標)PH-101(旭化成ケミカルズ社製、平均粒径50μm)100gをるつぼに入れ、電気炉にて焼成することにより、吸着炭を調製した。焼成条件は以下の通りとした。
1時間あたり25℃の割合で300℃まで昇温し、300℃で2時間30分維持する。
次に、同様の割合で600℃まで昇温し、600℃で4時間維持する。
その後、同様の割合で800℃まで昇温し、800℃で3時間維持する。
さらに、同様の割合で1000℃まで昇温し、1000℃で3時間維持する。
最後に、4時間かけて800℃まで降温し、その後自然冷却する。
ベンリーゼSC282(旭化成せんい社製、繊維の単糸太さ1.5dtex)100gをるつぼに入れ、電気炉にて焼成することにより、吸着炭を調製した。焼成条件は以下の通りとした。
1時間あたり50℃の割合で300℃まで昇温し、300℃で1時間30分維持する。
次に、同様の割合で600℃まで昇温し、600℃で2時間維持する。
その後、同様の割合で800℃まで昇温し、800℃で2時間維持する。
その後、1時間あたり30℃の割合で1000℃まで昇温し、1000℃で2時間維持する。
さらに、1時間あたり25℃の割合で1200℃まで昇温し、1200℃で3時間維持する。
最後に、5時間かけて1000℃まで降温し、さらに4時間かけて800℃まで降温し、その後自然冷却する。
市販の医療用吸着炭であるクレメジン(登録商標)(呉羽化学工業社製)をそのまま用いた。
全細孔容積は0.784mL/g、平均細孔直径は1.9nm、フーリエ変換型赤外分光による1650~1800cm-1における赤外吸収バンドの吸光度は0.004であった。
チューブ中の吸着炭各0.1gに50mMリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)で希釈したグルコース由来AGE(AGE-1)を1mL(140U)加え、チューブローテーターを用いてチューブを37℃で3時間回転させることにより、各吸着炭にAGE-1を吸着させた。その後、10,000rpmで10分間遠心し、上清を回収した。
そして、AGE-1-BSA及び抗AGE-1抗体を用いた競合ELISA法により、上清中のAGE-1量を測定し、吸着炭の非存在下及び存在下におけるAGE-1量を比較して吸着率(%)を算出した。
まず、AGE-1-BSAをコーティング液に1μg/mLになるように溶解後、96ウェルの高結合性EIA/RIAマイクロプレートの各ウェルに100μLずつ加え、4℃で一晩吸着させて固相化した。そして、プレートウォッシャー(Auto mini washer、Model AMW-8)を用いて洗浄液で3回洗浄後、ブロッキング液200μLを加え、室温で1時間インキュベートしてブロッキングを行った。さらに、洗浄液で3回洗浄後、希釈用緩衝液で希釈した上清50μLと1mg/mL BSAを含む希釈用緩衝液で希釈したAGE-1抗体50μLとを加え、30℃、振盪条件下で2時間インキュベートした。
その後、洗浄液で3回洗浄し、希釈用緩衝液で希釈したアルカリホスファターゼ(AP)標識ヒツジ抗ウサギIgG抗体100μLを加え、37℃で1時間インキュベートした。洗浄液で3回洗浄後、AP基質キット溶液100μLを加え、37℃で約1時間インキュベート後、マイクロプレートリーダー(Labsystems multiskan ascent、Model No.354)で405nmの吸光度を測定した。AGE-1-BSAの検量線から、各上清中のAGE-1量を算出した。
なお、1μgのAGE-1-BSA標準品に相当するAGEs量を1Uと定義した。
・コーティング液;炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、0.05%アジ化ナトリウムを含む溶液(pH9.6~9.8)
・ブロッキング液:1%BSA、0.05%アジ化ナトリウムを含むリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(pH7.4)
・希釈用緩衝液:0.1%グリセロール、0.1%Tween20、0.05%アジ化ナトリウムを含む50mM 2-アミノ-2-ヒドロキシメチル-1,3-プロパンジオール[トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン]緩衝液(pH7.4)
チューブ中の吸着炭各50mgに血液透析患者血清0.5mLを加え、チューブローテーターを用いてチューブを室温にて3時間回転させた。その後、10,000rpmで10分間遠心し、上清を回収した。
そして、上清中のアルブミン(ALB)、尿素窒素(BUN)、クレアチニン(Cre)、ナトリウム(Na)、カリウム(K)、クロール(Cl)、無機リン(IP)、総コレステロール(T-CHO)、トリグリセライド(TG)の濃度を日立自動分析装置にて測定した。
チューブ中の吸着炭各50mgに、インドキシル硫酸を20μg/mLになるように添加した健常人血清0.5mLを加え、チューブローテーターを用いてチューブを室温にて5分間回転させることにより、各吸着炭にインドキシル硫酸を吸着させた。その後、10,000rpmで10分間遠心し、上清を回収した。
そして、上清を4%トリクロロ酢酸溶液で除タンパクした後、液体クロマトグラフ-質量分析計(LC-MS/MS)にてインドキシル硫酸濃度を測定した。なお、吸着炭を用いないものを対照とした。
吸着炭250mgを、500ppmのアンモニアを含む1Lの試料空気中に90分間放置した後に、ガステック社製ガス検知管(アンモニアガス検知管No.3M)で100mlの試料空気を吸引し、アンモニア濃度を測定した。なお、吸着炭を用いないものを対照とし、それぞれ4回測定した。
また、炭素原料を焼成する際にガスを用いないため、炭素原料としてセルロース不織布を用いた場合には、不織布の構造が維持された吸着炭を得ることができる。したがって、この吸着炭をそのまま血漿交換療法(Double Filtration Plasmapheresis:DFPP)に利用することが期待できる。
Claims (5)
- 全細孔容積が0.10~1.0mL/g、平均細孔直径が1.0~2.0nmであり、1650-1800cm-1における赤外吸収バンドの吸光度が0.005以上である吸着炭。
- 炭素原料を電気炉にて焼成して得られる請求項1に記載の吸着炭。
- 前記炭素原料が純度90%以上の高純度セルロースである請求項2に記載の吸着炭。
- 前記炭素原料がセルロース微粒子又はセルロース不織布である請求項2又は3に記載の吸着炭。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の吸着炭を有効成分として含有する吸着剤。
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