WO2011111140A1 - 可変利得増幅器 - Google Patents
可変利得増幅器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011111140A1 WO2011111140A1 PCT/JP2010/007110 JP2010007110W WO2011111140A1 WO 2011111140 A1 WO2011111140 A1 WO 2011111140A1 JP 2010007110 W JP2010007110 W JP 2010007110W WO 2011111140 A1 WO2011111140 A1 WO 2011111140A1
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- variable
- transistor
- bias voltage
- gain amplifier
- circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
- H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
- H03G1/0088—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using discontinuously variable devices, e.g. switch-operated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0261—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0277—Selecting one or more amplifiers from a plurality of amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
- H03F1/22—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of cascode coupling, i.e. earthed cathode or emitter stage followed by earthed grid or base stage respectively
- H03F1/223—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of cascode coupling, i.e. earthed cathode or emitter stage followed by earthed grid or base stage respectively with MOSFET's
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3205—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion in field-effect transistor amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/18—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the bias of the gate of a FET being controlled by a control signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/27—A biasing circuit node being switched in an amplifier circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/555—A voltage generating circuit being realised for biasing different circuit elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable gain amplifier, and more particularly, to a variable gain amplifier having a low distortion and a wide variable gain range suitable for a wireless communication device or the like.
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- the performance of MOS transistors has been dramatically improved. Accordingly, a receiving unit of a wireless communication apparatus that has been configured with a SiGe bipolar transistor having excellent high frequency characteristics can be realized with a MOS transistor.
- the receiving unit and the digital demodulating unit composed of CMOS can be made into one chip, and the cost, size and power consumption of the wireless communication apparatus can be reduced. For this reason, in the development of various wireless communication devices, studies are being actively conducted to make the receiving unit CMOS.
- the TV broadcast signal has a wide band and multi-channel configuration, requires high sensitivity characteristics and anti-jamming wave characteristics, and it is difficult to satisfy the specifications with a CMOS process that can use only a low power supply voltage. is there.
- the input signal is a signal bandwidth of 6 MHz per channel and 50 channels from 13 channels (473.143 MHz) to 62 channels (767.143 MHz). Composed.
- a sensitivity characteristic of about ⁇ 84 dBm is required for each reception channel, while an anti-jamming wave characteristic of about 45 dBc to 60 dBc is required under the condition that the interference channel input level is ⁇ 8 dBm.
- variable gain amplifier low noise amplifier
- FIG. 16 shows a circuit configuration of a general source grounded amplifier.
- the signal Vin is input to the gate terminal of the amplifying transistor 41 biased by the bias voltage generation unit 100 and the bias resistor 2 through the DC blocking capacitor 1 and converted into a current signal. Further, the current signal is converted into a voltage Vout by the load impedance unit 3.
- the input / output characteristics are as follows when approximated to a third-order nonlinear term.
- IIP3 which is an index of distortion characteristics, can be expressed by the following formula (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). Note that gm is the transconductance of the amplification transistor 41, and gm ′′ is the second derivative of gm.
- the drain current Ids of a MOS transistor considering carrier velocity saturation is given by the following equation.
- ⁇ 0 is the mobility
- C OX is the oxide film capacitance
- W is the channel width
- L is the channel length
- V gs is the gate-source voltage
- V th is the threshold voltage
- ⁇ is a coefficient.
- V eff V gs ⁇ V th is set.
- gm and gm ′′ are respectively equal to Ids obtained by first-order differentiation and third-order differentiation with V eff , and can be expressed by the following equations.
- IIP3 can be expressed by the following equation by substituting Equations (4) and (5) into Equation (2).
- Equation (6) means that distortion characteristics are improved by increasing V eff . That is, in the amplifier of FIG. 16, the distortion characteristics can be improved by increasing the bias voltage supplied from the bias voltage generator 100 (see FIG. 17).
- FIG. 18 shows a circuit configuration of a general variable gain amplifier.
- the variable bias voltage generation unit 101 adjusts the bias voltage supplied to the amplification transistor 41 under the control of the gain control unit 102, thereby realizing variable gain.
- variable gain amplifiers that can control the gain without lowering the bias voltage by controlling the substantial amplification transistor size by using the switching characteristics of MOS transistors have been used. Yes.
- a variable amplifying unit having a variable transistor size is provided instead of the amplifying transistor 41, and the gain is variable by changing the transistor size of the variable amplifying unit while keeping the bias voltage constant (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).
- a variable amplifying unit having a variable transistor size instead of the amplifying transistor 41, and changing the transistor size of the variable amplifying unit while keeping the bias current constant (for example, non-patent document). 1).
- the bias voltage if the bias voltage is too large, a large bias current flows through the variable amplifying unit when the gain is set, that is, when the transistor size of the variable amplifying unit is set large. As a result, power consumption increases.
- the voltage drop of the load impedance unit 3 becomes large, it is not possible to secure a voltage for operating each transistor constituting the variable amplification unit in the saturation region, and there is a possibility that the distortion characteristic is greatly deteriorated.
- the upper limit of the bias voltage is limited in order to suppress the current consumption and secure the operating point when setting the high gain, and the distortion characteristics cannot be improved much.
- the bias current flowing through the variable amplification unit is constant regardless of the gain setting, it is difficult to ensure the operating point of the variable amplification unit from the low gain setting to the high gain setting. It is difficult to ensure a variable gain range.
- the power consumption is the same as that when a high gain setting is performed, so that the power consumption increases.
- an object of the present invention is to realize low distortion characteristics and low power consumption in a wide variable gain range with respect to a variable gain amplifier.
- a variable gain amplifier is connected to a DC blocking capacitor that receives an input signal at one end, a variable transistor size variable amplifying unit that amplifies the output of the other end of the DC blocking capacitor, and an output of the variable amplifying unit.
- a load impedance unit a bias resistor having one end connected to the other end of the DC blocking capacitor, a variable bias voltage generating unit for applying a variable bias voltage to the other end of the bias resistor, and a substantial amount of the variable amplifying unit Gain control for controlling to increase the variable bias voltage when performing control to increase the variable bias voltage when performing control to decrease the variable bias voltage when performing control to increase the transistor size Department.
- substantially transistor size of the variable amplification unit refers to the total size of the transistors biased so as to exhibit an amplification action in the variable amplification unit, and the amplification factor of the variable amplification unit is the variable amplification unit's amplification factor. It varies depending on the substantial transistor size. That is, the larger the substantial transistor size of the variable amplification section, the larger the amplification factor of the variable amplification section.
- a variable gain amplifier includes a plurality of DC cutoff capacitors to which an input signal is commonly applied at one end, and a variable amplifier having a plurality of amplification transistors that amplify outputs at the other ends of the plurality of DC cutoff capacitors.
- a variable bias voltage generating unit having a current source and a reference transistor and having a plurality of bias voltage generating circuits for applying a bias voltage to the other end of each of the plurality of bias resistors; and the variable amplifying unit and the variable bias voltage generating unit And a gain control unit that controls each of the plurality of outputs independently of each other.
- the density of the bias current flowing through the variable amplifying unit increases in the low gain mode where the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit is small. This improves IIP3 in the low gain mode.
- the bias current density flowing in the variable amplifying unit is reduced in the high gain mode in which the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit is large. Thereby, the increase in power consumption can be suppressed.
- distortion characteristics can be improved over a wide range from low gain to high gain while reducing power consumption.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of the variable gain amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the variable bias voltage generation unit.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing the effects of the variable gain amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing gain versus IIP3 characteristics of the variable gain amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram of the variable gain amplifier according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a table showing the effect of the variable gain amplifier according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the gain versus IIP3 characteristic of the variable gain amplifier according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of the variable gain amplifier according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of the variable gain amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the variable bias voltage generation unit.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing the effects of the variable gain amplifier according to the first
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the variable bias voltage generation unit.
- FIG. 10 is a table showing the effect of the variable gain amplifier according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the gain versus IIP3 characteristic of the variable gain amplifier according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram of the variable gain amplifier according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit configuration diagram of a variable bias voltage generation unit according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a table showing the effects of the variable gain amplifier according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing gain versus IIP3 characteristics of the variable gain amplifier according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit configuration diagram of a general source grounded amplifier.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the bias voltage and the distortion characteristics.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit configuration diagram of a general variable gain amplifier.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit configuration of a variable gain amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- the signal Vin is input to the variable amplifying unit 4 through the DC blocking capacitor 1 and converted into a current signal. Further, the current signal is converted into a voltage Vout by the load impedance unit 3.
- the input of the variable amplifier 4 is biased with a variable bias voltage supplied from the variable bias voltage generator 5 via the bias resistor 2.
- the variable amplifying unit 4 is configured by a circuit in which a cascode circuit in which a cascode transistor 41 i (1 ⁇ i ⁇ n) and an amplification transistor 42 i are cascode-connected is connected in n stages in parallel.
- the variable bias voltage generator 5 includes a variable current source 6 and a reference transistor 52.
- the variable current source 6 includes a circuit in which a current source circuit in which a constant current source 51 i and a switch 61 i are connected in series is connected in parallel in n stages, and a constant current source 51 connected in parallel thereto.
- the constant current source 51 may be omitted.
- the reference transistor 52 and the amplification transistor 42 i form a current mirror circuit, and a bias current corresponding to the transistor size ratio is supplied to the variable amplification unit 4 with respect to the reference current supplied from the variable current source 6.
- the variable current source 6 may supply a sink current as a reference current.
- the sink current supplied from the variable current source 6 may be mirrored by the current mirror circuit and supplied to the reference transistor 52 as shown in FIG.
- the gain control unit 9 performs control to lower the variable bias voltage when controlling to increase the substantial transistor size of the variable amplification unit 4, and reduces the substantial transistor size of the variable amplification unit 4.
- the variable bias voltage is increased.
- the gain controller 9 outputs the control code Ti and its inverted Tib, and controls the cascode transistor 41 i and the switch 61 i , respectively. That is, the cascode transistor 41 i is when the on switch 61 i is turned off, the cascode transistor 41 i is off controls to switch 61 i is turned on.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing the effects of the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment.
- the number of control bits is set to 7
- the size of the amplification transistor 42 i is weighted by a power of 2 (1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 32 ⁇ m, and 64 ⁇ m)
- the size of the reference transistor 52 is 1 ⁇ m.
- the variable current source 6 can be controlled in the range of 20 ⁇ A to 30 ⁇ A
- the current of the current source 51 is 20 ⁇ A
- the total current of the current source 51 i is 10 ⁇ A.
- the current source 51 i is also a current weighted by a power of 2 (0.08 ⁇ A, 0.16 ⁇ A, 0.32 ⁇ A, 0.64 ⁇ A, 1.28 ⁇ A, 2.56 ⁇ A, 5.12 ⁇ A).
- the table shows the control codes in the gain modes 1, 8, 32, 64, and 127 when the load impedance unit 3 is a resistance of 100 ⁇ , the substantial amplification transistor size, the reference current flowing through the reference transistor 52, and the amplification transistor 42 i. Shows the current density, current consumption, gain, and IIP3 of the bias current flowing through.
- the evaluation conditions for IIP3 are those obtained by simultaneously inputting 600 MHz and 610 MHz sine waves and calculating from the output power of 600 MHz and the output power of 590 MHz, which is the third-order distortion.
- Patent Document 1 The prior art compared with the present embodiment is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the reference current increases as the gain decreases, that is, the current density increases.
- IIP3 in the low gain mode is improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the lower the gain the greater the improvement effect of IIP3, and the improvement effect of about 8 dB at maximum.
- variable amplifying unit 4 and the variable current source 6 are arranged so that the variable bias voltage decreases when the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4 is increased, and the variable bias voltage increases when the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4 is decreased. What is necessary is just to comprise.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit configuration of the variable gain amplifier according to the second embodiment.
- differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the variable bias voltage generator 5 includes a constant current source 51 and a variable reference transistor circuit 7.
- the variable reference transistor circuit 7 includes a circuit in which a reference transistor circuit in which a reference transistor 52 i and a switch 71 i are connected in series is connected in n stages in parallel, and a reference transistor 52 connected in parallel thereto.
- the reference transistor 52 may be omitted.
- the variable reference transistor circuit 7 and the amplification transistor 42 i constitute a current mirror circuit, and a bias current corresponding to the transistor size ratio is supplied to the variable amplification unit 4 with respect to the reference current supplied from the constant current source 51.
- the gain control unit 9 controls to increase the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4
- the gain control unit 9 performs control to lower the variable bias voltage and controls to decrease the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4.
- Control to increase the variable bias voltage Specifically, the gain controller 9 outputs the control code Ti and controls the cascode transistor 41 i and the switch 61 i . That is, when the cascode transistor 41 i is on, the switch 71 i is also turned on, and when the cascode transistor 41 i is off, the switch 71 i is also turned off.
- FIG. 6 is a table showing the effect of the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment.
- the number of control bits is 7, and the amplification transistor 42 i has a size (1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 32 ⁇ m, 64 ⁇ m) weighted by a power of 2.
- the size of the reference transistor 52 is 10 ⁇ m, and the reference transistor 52 i is also weighted by a power of 2 (0.04 ⁇ m, 0.08 ⁇ m, 0.16 ⁇ m, 0.32 ⁇ m, 0.64 ⁇ m, 1.28 ⁇ m, 2. 56 ⁇ m), and the transistor size of the variable reference transistor circuit 7 is variable from 10 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the current of the constant current source 52 is set to 300 ⁇ A.
- the table shows the control codes in the gain modes 1, 8, 32, 64, and 127 when the load impedance unit 3 is a resistance of 100 ⁇ , the substantial amplification transistor size, the transistor size of the variable reference transistor circuit 7, and the amplification transistor 42.
- the current density, current consumption, gain, and IIP3 of the bias current flowing through i are shown.
- the evaluation conditions for IIP3 are those obtained by simultaneously inputting 600 MHz and 610 MHz sine waves and calculating from the output power of 600 MHz and the output power of 590 MHz, which is the third-order distortion.
- Patent Document 1 The prior art compared with the present embodiment is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- variable gain amplifier in the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment, the mirror ratio increases and the current density increases as the gain is decreased.
- IIP3 in the low gain mode is improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the lower the gain the greater the improvement effect of IIP3, and the improvement effect of about 6 dB at the maximum.
- variable amplifying unit 4 and the variable reference transistor circuit 7 are configured such that when the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4 is increased, the variable bias voltage is decreased, and when the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4 is decreased, the variable bias voltage is increased. May be configured.
- FIG. 8 shows a circuit configuration of the variable gain amplifier according to the third embodiment. Hereinafter, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the variable bias voltage generator 5 includes a constant voltage source 53 and a variable voltage dividing circuit 8.
- the variable voltage dividing circuit 8 includes a circuit in which a resistor circuit in which a resistor 81 i and a switch 82 i are connected in series is connected in parallel in n stages, and a resistor 83 connected in series thereto.
- the variable bias voltage is given as a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage supplied from the constant voltage source 53 by the resistor 81 i and the resistor 83.
- the resistor 81 i may be all connected in series in the variable dividing circuit 8. In that case, as shown in FIG. 9, one end of the switch 82 i controlled by the control signal S i may be used as a bias voltage output end.
- the gain control unit 9 when the gain control unit 9 performs control to increase the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4, the gain control unit 9 performs control to reduce the variable bias voltage, and reduces the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4.
- the control is performed, the variable bias voltage is increased.
- the gain controller 9 outputs the control code Ti and controls the cascode transistor 41 i and the switch 82 i . That is, control is performed such that when the cascode transistor 41 i is on, the switch 82 i is also on, and when the cascode transistor 41 i is off, the switch 82 i is also off.
- FIG. 10 is a table showing the effect of the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment.
- the number of control bits is 7, and the amplification transistor 42 i has a size (1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 32 ⁇ m, 64 ⁇ m) weighted by a power of 2.
- the voltage of the constant voltage source 53 is 594 mV
- the variable bias voltage is variable from 557 mV to 593 mV.
- the table shows the control codes, the substantial amplification transistor size, the variable bias voltage, and the bias current flowing through the amplification transistor 42 i in the gain modes 1, 8, 32, 64, and 127 when the load impedance unit 3 is a resistance of 100 ⁇ . Current density, current consumption, gain, and IIP3.
- the evaluation conditions for IIP3 are those obtained by simultaneously inputting 600 MHz and 610 MHz sine waves and calculating from the output power of 600 MHz and the output power of 590 MHz, which is the third-order distortion.
- Patent Document 1 The prior art compared with the present embodiment is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- variable gain amplifier in the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment, the bias voltage increases and the current density increases as the gain decreases.
- IIP3 in the low gain mode is improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the lower the gain the greater the improvement effect of IIP3, and the improvement effect of about 6 dB at the maximum.
- variable amplifying unit 4 and the variable voltage dividing circuit 8 are arranged so that the variable bias voltage decreases when the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4 is increased, and the variable bias voltage increases when the substantial transistor size of the variable amplifying unit 4 is decreased. May be configured. Further, depending on the setting of the resistance values of the resistor 83 and the resistor 82 i , these resistors function as a bias resistor, so that the bias resistor 2 may be omitted.
- the current consumption in the low gain mode of the variable gain amplifier according to each of the above embodiments is larger than that in the conventional case.
- the current consumption in the high gain mode in which the absolute value of the current consumption is large the current consumption is almost the same as that in the conventional case. do not become.
- the conventional variable gain amplifier it was necessary to increase the current consumption in order to improve the distortion characteristics, but in the variable gain amplifier according to each of the above embodiments, the distortion characteristics were improved while suppressing an increase in the current consumption. can do.
- FIG. 12 shows a circuit configuration of a variable gain amplifier according to the fourth embodiment.
- the signal Vin is input to the variable amplifying unit 4 via the DC blocking capacitor 1 i and converted into a current signal. Further, the current signal is converted into a voltage Vout by the load impedance unit 3.
- the input of the variable amplifier 4 is biased with a variable bias voltage supplied from the variable bias voltage generator 5 via the bias resistor 2 i .
- the variable amplification unit 4 is composed of n amplification transistors 42 i .
- the variable bias voltage generator 5 is composed of n bias voltage generators.
- Each bias voltage generation circuit includes a constant current source 51 i , a reference transistor 52 i and a switch 61 i connected in series, and a switch 62 i connected between the bias resistor 2 i and the ground.
- the gain control unit 9 controls each of the plurality of outputs of the variable bias voltage generation unit 5 independently of each other. Specifically, the gain control unit 9 outputs the control code Ti and its inverted Tib, and controls the switches 61 i and 62 i , respectively. That is, control is performed such that when the switch 61 i is on, the switch 62 i is off, and when the switch 61 i is off, the switch 62 i is on.
- FIG. 13 shows a circuit configuration of a variable gain amplifier according to a modification of the present embodiment.
- the variable amplifying unit 4 includes n cascode circuits each including a cascode transistor 41 i and an amplifying transistor 42 i that are cascode-connected.
- the variable bias voltage generation unit 5 includes n bias voltage generation circuits each including a constant current source 51 i and a reference transistor 52 i .
- the gain control unit 9 controls each of the plurality of outputs of the variable amplification unit 4 independently of each other. Specifically, the gain control unit 9 outputs the control code Ti and controls the cascode transistor 41 i .
- FIG. 14 is a table showing the effects of the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment.
- the number of control bits is 7
- the size of the amplification transistor 42 i is weighted by a power of 2 (1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 32 ⁇ m, 64 ⁇ m)
- the reference transistor 52 i is also weighted by a power of 2 Size (1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 32 ⁇ m, 64 ⁇ m).
- the constant current source 51 i includes current values (30 ⁇ A, 29.8 ⁇ A, 29.5 ⁇ A, 28.8 ⁇ A, 27.6 ⁇ A, 25.1 ⁇ A, 20 ⁇ A) at which the corresponding amplification transistor 52 i operates in a linear region.
- the table shows control codes, substantial amplification transistor size, current consumption, gain, and IIP3 in the gain modes 1, 7, 31, 63, and 127 when the load impedance unit 3 has a resistance of 100 ⁇ .
- the evaluation conditions for IIP3 are those obtained by simultaneously inputting 600 MHz and 610 MHz sine waves and calculating from the output power of 600 MHz and the output power of 590 MHz, which is the third-order distortion.
- the prior art compared with the present embodiment is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- variable gain amplifier in the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment, a bias current for linear operation is independently supplied to the amplification transistor 42 i , so that IIP3 does not deteriorate even when the gain is lowered.
- the improvement effect of IIP3 of this embodiment is great except for some gain settings.
- the bias current since the bias current is constant regardless of the size of the amplification transistor, the operating point as the amplifier cannot be maintained in the low gain mode, and the gain characteristic and the distortion characteristic are greatly deteriorated. That is, since it cannot be used in the low gain mode, the variable gain range cannot be widened.
- variable gain amplifier the current consumption in the high gain mode is larger than that in the conventional case, but there is almost no difference in the average current consumption in all gain modes.
- the variable gain amplifier according to the present embodiment can improve the distortion characteristics while suppressing an increase in current consumption.
- a bias inductor may be provided in place of the bias resistor 2 in each of the above embodiments.
- some or all of the transistors of the variable gain amplifier according to each of the above embodiments may be bipolar transistors.
- variable gain amplifier is useful as a low noise amplifier such as a TV tuner because it has low distortion characteristics and low power consumption in a wide variable gain range.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1の実施形態に係る可変利得増幅器の回路構成を示す。信号Vinは、直流遮断容量1を介して可変増幅部4に入力され、電流信号に変換される。さらに、その電流信号は負荷インピーダンス部3により電圧変換されて信号Voutとなる。可変増幅部4の入力は、バイアス抵抗2を介して可変バイアス電圧生成部5から供給される可変バイアス電圧でバイアスされる。
図5は、第2の実施形態に係る可変利得増幅器の回路構成を示す。以下、第1の実施形態と異なる点について説明する。
図8は、第3の実施形態に係る可変利得増幅器の回路構成を示す。以下、第1の実施形態と異なる点について説明する。
図12は、第4の実施形態に係る可変利得増幅器の回路構成を示す。信号Vinは、直流遮断容量1iを介して可変増幅部4に入力され、電流信号に変換される。さらに、その電流信号は負荷インピーダンス部3により電圧変換されて信号Voutとなる。可変増幅部4の入力は、バイアス抵抗2iを介して可変バイアス電圧生成部5から供給される可変バイアス電圧でバイアスされる。
1i 直流遮断容量
2 バイアス抵抗
2i バイアス抵抗
3 負荷インピーダンス部
4 可変増幅部
41i カスコードトランジスタ(第1のトランジスタ)
42i 増幅トランジスタ(第2のトランジスタ)
5 可変バイアス電圧生成部
51 定電流源
51i 定電流源
52 参照トランジスタ
52i 参照トランジスタ
53 定電圧源
6 可変電流源
61i スイッチ
7 可変参照トランジスタ回路
71i スイッチ
8 可変分圧回路
81i 抵抗
82i スイッチ
83 抵抗
9 利得制御部
Claims (11)
- 一端に入力信号が与えられる直流遮断容量と、
前記直流遮断容量の他端の出力を増幅する可変トランジスタサイズの可変増幅部と、
前記可変増幅部の出力に接続された負荷インピーダンス部と、
一端が前記直流遮断容量の他端に接続されたバイアス抵抗と、
前記バイアス抵抗の他端に可変バイアス電圧を印加する可変バイアス電圧生成部と、
前記可変増幅部の実質的なトランジスタサイズを大きくする制御をするとき、前記可変バイアス電圧を下げる制御をし、前記可変増幅部の実質的なトランジスタサイズを小さくする制御をするとき、前記可変バイアス電圧を上げる制御をする利得制御部とを備えている
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項1の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変増幅部は、2個のトランジスタがカスコード接続されてなるカスコード回路が複数個並列接続されて構成されたものであり、
前記複数のカスコード回路のそれぞれにおける第1のトランジスタは、前記利得制御部によって互いに独立にスイッチング制御され、第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記直流遮断容量の他端に接続されており、
前記可変バイアス電圧生成部は、
前記利得制御部によって供給電流量が制御される可変電流源と、
前記可変電流源から供給される電流を前記可変バイアス電圧に変換する参照トランジスタとを有するものである
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項2の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変電流源は、定電流源およびスイッチが直列接続されてなる電流源回路が複数個並列接続されて構成されたものであり、
前記複数の電流源回路のそれぞれにおけるスイッチは、前記利得制御部によって互いに独立にスイッチング制御されるものである
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項3の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変電流源は、前記複数の電流源回路に並列接続された定電流源を有するものであり、
前記カスコード回路および電流源回路の個数は同じであり、
前記利得制御部は、対応関係にある前記カスコード回路および電流源回路における前記第1のトランジスタおよびスイッチに対して互いに逆のスイッチング制御をする
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項1の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変増幅部は、2個のトランジスタがカスコード接続されてなるカスコード回路が複数個並列接続されて構成されたものであり、
前記複数のカスコード回路のそれぞれにおける第1のトランジスタは、前記利得制御部によって互いに独立にスイッチング制御され、第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記直流遮断容量の他端に接続されており、
前記可変バイアス電圧生成部は、
定電流源と、
前記利得制御部によってトランジスタサイズが制御され、前記定電流源から供給される電流を前記可変バイアス電圧に変換する可変参照トランジスタ回路とを有するものである
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項5の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変参照トランジスタ回路は、参照トランジスタおよびスイッチが直列接続されてなる参照トランジスタ回路が複数個並列接続されて構成されたものであり、
前記複数の参照トランジスタ回路のそれぞれにおけるスイッチは、前記利得制御部によって互いに独立にスイッチング制御されるものである
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項6の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変参照トランジスタ回路は、前記複数の参照トランジスタ回路に並列接続された参照トランジスタを有するものであり、
前記カスコード回路および参照トランジスタ回路の個数は同じであり、
前記利得制御部は、対応関係にある前記カスコード回路および参照トランジスタ回路における前記第1のトランジスタおよびスイッチに対して同じスイッチング制御をする
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項1の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変増幅部は、2個のトランジスタがカスコード接続されてなるカスコード回路が複数個並列接続されて構成されたものであり、
前記複数のカスコード回路のそれぞれにおける第1のトランジスタは、前記利得制御部によって互いに独立にスイッチング制御され、第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記直流遮断容量の他端に接続されており、
前記可変バイアス電圧生成部は、
定電圧源と、
前記利得制御部によって分圧比が制御され、前記定電圧源から供給される電圧を分圧して前記可変バイアス電圧を生成する可変分圧回路とを有するものである
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項8の可変利得増幅器において、
前記可変分圧回路は、
一端が前記定電圧源に接続された抵抗と、
それぞれが前記抵抗の他端に直列接続された抵抗およびスイッチからなり、互いに並列接続された複数の抵抗回路とを有するものであり、
前記複数の抵抗回路のそれぞれにおけるスイッチは、前記利得制御部によって互いに独立にスイッチング制御されるものである
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 請求項9の可変利得増幅器において、
前記カスコード回路および抵抗回路の個数は同じであり、
前記利得制御部は、対応関係にある前記カスコード回路および抵抗回路における前記第1のトランジスタおよびスイッチに対して同じスイッチング制御をする
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。 - 一端に入力信号が共通に与えられる複数の直流遮断容量と、
前記複数の直流遮断容量のそれぞれの他端の出力を増幅する複数の増幅トランジスタを有する可変増幅部と、
前記複数の増幅部の出力に共通に接続された負荷インピーダンス部と、
一端が前記複数の直流遮断容量のそれぞれの他端に接続された複数のバイアス抵抗と、
直列接続された定電流源および参照トランジスタを有し、前記複数のバイアス抵抗のそれぞれの他端にバイアス電圧を印加する複数のバイアス電圧生成回路を有する可変バイアス電圧生成部と、
前記可変増幅部および可変バイアス電圧生成部のいずれか一方の複数の出力のそれぞれを互いに独立に制御する利得制御部とを備えている
ことを特徴とする可変利得増幅器。
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JP2011540644A JPWO2011111140A1 (ja) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-12-07 | 可変利得増幅器 |
CN2010800278318A CN102474231A (zh) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-12-07 | 可变增益放大器 |
US13/240,656 US8253492B2 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-22 | Variable gain amplifier |
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CN102474231A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
US20120007680A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US8253492B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 |
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