WO2004064251A1 - 可変利得増幅回路及び無線機 - Google Patents
可変利得増幅回路及び無線機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004064251A1 WO2004064251A1 PCT/JP2004/000181 JP2004000181W WO2004064251A1 WO 2004064251 A1 WO2004064251 A1 WO 2004064251A1 JP 2004000181 W JP2004000181 W JP 2004000181W WO 2004064251 A1 WO2004064251 A1 WO 2004064251A1
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- variable gain
- amplifier circuit
- emitter
- ratio
- gain amplifier
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 52
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 26
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 101100412102 Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd) rec2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100402294 Drosophila melanogaster Mp20 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/001—Digital control of analog signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
- H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
- H03G1/0017—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal the device being at least one of the amplifying solid state elements of the amplifier
- H03G1/0023—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal the device being at least one of the amplifying solid state elements of the amplifier in emitter-coupled or cascode amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
- H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
- H03G1/0017—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal the device being at least one of the amplifying solid state elements of the amplifier
- H03G1/0029—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal the device being at least one of the amplifying solid state elements of the amplifier using FETs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
- H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
- H03G1/0088—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using discontinuously variable devices, e.g. switch-operated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45362—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the AAC comprising multiple transistors parallel coupled at their gates and drains only, e.g. in a cascode dif amp, only those forming the composite common source transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45504—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the CSC comprising more than one switch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45616—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the IC comprising more than one switch, which are not cross coupled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/72—Indexing scheme relating to gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
- H03F2203/7203—Indexing scheme relating to gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal the gated amplifier being switched on or off by a switch in the bias circuit of the amplifier controlling a bias current in the amplifier
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable gain amplifier circuit and a wireless communication device including the same. Background technology>
- FIGS. 32 to 34 show examples of a conventional variable gain amplifier circuit.
- the variable gain amplifier circuit of the first conventional example shown in FIG. 32 has a pair of emitter-grounded amplifier circuits composed of bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2, and a differential amplifier composed of bipolar transistors Q3 and Q4 and Q5 and Q6.
- This is a configuration including a moving pair.
- the input signal Vin is input to the bases of the bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2, and the output current of the common-emitter amplifier is input to the bases of the bipolar transistors Q3 to Q6 forming a differential pair.
- the voltage gain Av2 of this variable gain / width circuit is represented by the following equation 1a, and is controlled according to the gain control voltage V gc.
- Av2 gm2 ⁇ ZL exp (Vgc / Vt) / (exp (Vgc / Vt) + 1) ⁇ (l a)
- gm2 is expressed by the following equation 1 b.
- Vt is a thermal voltage (about 26 mV at room temperature) (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- variable gain amplifier circuit of the second conventional example shown in Fig. 33 uses the bipolar transistors Q3 and Q4 as constant current sources and changes the collector current 10 in accordance with the gain control voltage Vgc, thereby making the bipolar transistor It is configured to control the gain of a pair of emitter grounding amplifier circuits consisting of Q 1 and Q 2.
- the voltage gain Av3 of this variable gain amplifier circuit is expressed by the following equation 2a, assuming an ideal bipolar transistor, and is controlled according to the gain control voltage V gc.
- Av3 g m3 ⁇ ZL... (2 a)
- gm3 and Vgc are represented by the following equations 2b and 2c.
- Is is the saturation current of the bipolar transistors Q3 and Q4, and log () represents a natural logarithmic function (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- variable gain amplifier circuit of the third conventional example shown in FIG. 34 has the same configuration as that of the second conventional example shown in FIG. 33, and the voltage gain Av4 is controlled by changing the collector current I0. Is the same, but the method of changing the collector current 10 is different.
- the voltage gain Av4 of this variable gain amplifier is expressed by the following equation 3a.
- gm4 is represented by the following equation 3b, and the voltage gain Av4 can be controlled by the collector current I0 (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Robert G. Meyer, and William D. Mack, "A DC to 1-GHz Differential Monolithic Variable-Gain Amplifier", IEnE Journal of
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 10-503917 (Fig. 1)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 01-179620 (Fig. 1)
- variable gain amplifier circuit of the first conventional example shown in FIG. 32 always consumes a constant collector current I0 irrespective of the gain control voltage Vgc, as can be seen from the equations la and equation 1b.
- the suppression ratio I M3 of the third-order intermodulation distortion, which is one of the distortion characteristics, with respect to the desired signal can be expressed by the following equation 4, assuming an ideal bipolar transistor.
- I M3 (3/4) ⁇ I (Vt / (I 0 3 ) ⁇ (2Re- (Vt / I 0)))
- variable gain amplifier circuits of the second conventional example shown in FIG. 33 and the third conventional example shown in FIG. 34 can be understood from equations 2a and 2b and equations 3a and 3b.
- the suppression ratio IM3 is the same as Equation 4, and can be expressed by the following Equation 5 assuming an ideal bipolar transistor.
- I M3 (3/4) ⁇
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce a current when a voltage gain is reduced, and to substantially reduce deterioration of distortion characteristics represented by a suppression ratio. It is an object of the present invention to provide an excellent variable gain amplifying circuit which does not exist in the above, and a wireless communication device having the same.
- a variable gain amplifier circuit includes a plurality of emitter-grounded amplifier circuits using bipolar transistors and having different voltage gains, and switch means for selecting the plurality of amplifier circuits, wherein a base of the bipolar transistor is shared.
- the switch means is connected to each of the emitters of the bipolar transistor.
- a variable gain amplifying circuit includes an amplifying circuit comprising a plurality of cascaded emitter-base connected bases having different voltage gains using bipolar transistors.
- Switch means for selecting the plurality of amplifier circuits, wherein the bases of the emitter-grounded bipolar transistors are commonly connected, and the switch means is connected to each of the emitter sides of the bipolar transistor. .
- the current can be reduced when the voltage gain is reduced, and the dynamic range of the gain control can be expanded in addition to the effect that the deterioration of the distortion characteristic represented by the suppression ratio can be substantially eliminated. Becomes possible.
- a collector current ratio is inversely proportional to an emitter resistance ratio among the plurality of amplifier circuits.
- the collector current ratio is inversely proportional to the emitter resistance ratio, that is, by making the collector current ratio and the reciprocal ratio of the emitter resistance equal, a plurality of amplifier circuits with different voltage gains can be selected by switch means. By switching between them, the current decreases when the voltage gain is reduced, and the degradation of the distortion characteristics can be substantially eliminated. If an in-phase emitter resistor is added as an emitter resistor, external noise resistance can be enhanced. Further, in any one of the variable gain amplifier circuits described above, a ratio of an emitter area between transistors having a common emitter in the plurality of amplifier circuits is inversely proportional to a ratio of an emitter resistance.
- the emitter area ratio is inversely proportional to the emitter resistance ratio, that is, by making the emitter area ratio equal to the reciprocal ratio of the emitter resistance, a plurality of amplifier circuits having different voltage gains can be selected by the switch means. By switching between them, the current decreases when the voltage gain is reduced, and the degradation of the distortion characteristics can be substantially eliminated.
- the emitter area ratio between the emitter-grounded transistors in the plurality of amplifier circuits is a power of two.
- the emitter area ratio when considering the physical shape of the device. For example, when the variable gain amplifier circuit is masked as IC or LSI, by connecting two bipolar transistors of the same shape in parallel, the emitter area can be doubled with high accuracy.
- the emitter resistance ratio between the plurality of amplifier circuits is a power of two.
- a variable gain amplifying circuit comprises: a plurality of grounded source amplifying circuits having different voltage gains using field effect transistors; and switch means for selecting the plurality of amplifying circuits.
- the switch means is connected to each of the source sides of the field effect transistor.
- the field effect transformer By using a transistor, a circuit can be operated with a lower power supply voltage.
- a variable gain amplifier circuit includes: an amplifier circuit including a plurality of cascade connections of a source ground and a gate ground having different voltage gains using a field effect transistor; and switch means for selecting the amplifier circuits. And the gates of the field-effect transistors with the common source are connected in common, and the switch means is connected to each of the source sides of the field-effect transistors.
- the dynamic range of gain control can be expanded. Becomes possible.
- a circuit can be operated with a lower power supply voltage.
- a ratio of a drain current between the plurality of amplifier circuits is inversely proportional to a ratio of a source resistance.
- a plurality of amplifier circuits having different voltage gains are selected by switch means by making the drain current ratio inversely proportional to the source resistance ratio, that is, by making the drain current ratio equal to the reciprocal ratio of the source resistance.
- the ratio of the gate width is inversely proportional to the ratio of the source resistance between the transistors having the common source in the plurality of amplifier circuits.
- the gate width ratio is inversely proportional to the source resistance ratio, that is, by making the gate width ratio equal to the reciprocal ratio of the source resistance, a plurality of amplifier circuits having different voltage gains are selected by switch means. By switching the voltage gain, the current decreases when the voltage gain is reduced, and the degradation of the distortion characteristics can be substantially eliminated. Further, in any one of the variable gain amplifier circuits described above, it is assumed that a ratio of a gate width between power-source transistors in the plurality of amplifier circuits is a power of two. With the above configuration, it is easy to accurately realize the gut width ratio when considering the physical shape of the element. For example, when masking a variable gain amplifier circuit as an IC or LSI, it is possible to accurately double the gate width by connecting two MOS transistors of the same shape in parallel. .
- a source resistance ratio between the plurality of amplifier circuits is a power of two.
- the switch means is configured by a current source.
- the current source sets the collector current or drain current of multiple amplifier circuits, respectively, and switches by an external control signal to select multiple amplifier circuits with different voltage gains and control the voltage gain. Therefore, when the voltage gain is lowered, the current is reduced, and the deterioration of the distortion characteristic can be substantially eliminated.
- the switch means is constituted by a transistor.
- the emitter or source side of the amplifier circuit to be selected is set to the ground potential, and the emitter or source side is opened to those not selected.
- the voltage gain can be controlled.
- the voltage gain can be controlled more accurately by making the on-resistance of the transistor as small as possible or by making the ratio of the on-resistance the same as the ratio of the emitter resistance or the source resistance. .
- the use of transistors makes it easy to make the circuit LSI.
- the switch means is constituted by an inverter.
- the voltage gain can be controlled by switching the emitter or source side to a positive power supply potential for those not selected.
- the use of an inverter makes it easy to implement a circuit as an LSI.
- the variable gain amplifier circuit includes a plurality of bias circuits corresponding to each of the plurality of amplifier circuits.
- a decoding means for inputting and decoding a digital signal, wherein one of the plurality of amplifier circuits is selected by an output corresponding to the input digital signal. It shall have a decoder.
- the decoder by using the decoder, it is possible to control the voltage gain of the variable gain amplifier circuit for each unit of a predetermined amount according to the value of the input signal to the decoder.
- a decoding means for inputting and decoding a digital signal, wherein the decoder selects an arbitrary combination of the plurality of amplifier circuits by an output corresponding to the input digital signal It shall have.
- a decoding means for inputting and decoding a digital signal, wherein one of the plurality of amplifier circuits is selected by an output corresponding to the input digital signal. It has a first decoder and a second decoder that selects an arbitrary combination of the plurality of amplifier circuits according to an output corresponding to an input digital signal.
- a variable gain amplifier circuit using the first decoder and a variable gain amplifier circuit using the second decoder are connected in series, so that the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the value of the input signal to the decoder can be obtained.
- the present invention provides a wireless communication device provided with any one of the variable gain amplifier circuits described above as an amplifier circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit including a bias circuit as an application example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the suppression ratio I ⁇ 3 and the collector current I 0 with respect to the voltage gain Av of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a first modification of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a second modification of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a modification of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the voltage gain Av and the digital signal gain_state_l of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the voltage gain Av and the digital signal gain_state 12 of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the 12th embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing a relationship between a voltage gain Av and a digital signal gain_state 13 of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a wireless communication device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the first conventional variable gain amplifier circuit.
- FIG. 33 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the second conventional variable gain amplifier circuit.
- 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit of the third conventional example.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit diagram showing a suppression ratio I M3 and a collector current I M with respect to the voltage gain Av in the variable gain amplifier circuit of the first conventional example. It is a graph showing the relationship of 0,
- FIG. 36 is a graph showing the relationship between the suppression ratio I M3 and the collector current I 0 with respect to the voltage gain A V in the second and third conventional variable gain amplifier circuits.
- reference numerals 11 and 21 denote variable gain amplifying circuit bodies 12 and 22 decoders, 104 a transmitting RF variable gain amplifying circuit, 107 a receiving RF variable gain amplifying circuit, Q 1 ⁇ Q6, Qbl ⁇ Qb6 are bipolar transistors, MnO ⁇ Mn2, MpO ⁇ Mp2, Mp20 ⁇ Mp22, Mp200, Ml ⁇ M8 are MOS transistors, Re, Reo ⁇ Re2 are emitter resistors, R ecO to Rec2 are in-phase emitter resistors, Rs0 to Rs2 are source resistors, RscO Rsc2 is the in-phase source resistance, SW0, SW1, and SW2 are switches, Icl0 and 10 are collector currents, and gain-state_1 and gain-state_2 are digital signals.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the variable gain amplifier circuit of the first embodiment connects the bases of the bipolar transistors Q 1, Q 3, Q 5 and the bases of Q 2, Q 4, Q 6, which constitute a plurality of emitter grounded amplifier circuits, respectively,
- a switch SW2 is connected to the emitter side of the bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2, and similarly, SW1 and SWO are connected to each emitter side of the bipolar transistors Q3, Q4 and Q5, Q6.
- the switches SW2, SW1, and SWO enable the selection of the emitter-grounded amplifier circuit.
- the ratio of the emitter area between each bipolar transistor constituting the emitter grounded amplifier circuit is set to a power of 2
- the ratio of the resistance values ReO, Rel, and Re2 of the respective emitter resistors is defined as the emitter area of the bipolar transistor.
- the ratio is inversely proportional to the ratio. That is, satisfy the relationship of the following equations 6a and 6b
- the emitter area ratio is set to a power of 2 between the bipolar transistors is that it is easy to accurately realize the area ratio when considering the physical shape of the device.
- the circuit of the present embodiment is mask-laid as an IC or an LSI, by connecting two resistor elements or bipolar transistors having the same shape in parallel, the resistance value can be accurately set to 1Z2, respectively.
- the emitter area can be doubled with high accuracy.
- the ratio of the emitter resistance is also a power of two.
- the ratio of the emitter area of the bipolar transistor is not a power of 2 but an arbitrary ratio
- the ratio of the respective emitter resistance values is made to be inversely proportional to the ratio of the emitter area of the bipolar transistor, the same circuit operation is performed. Is possible.
- the ratio of the collector current 10 is also a power of 2. That is, the ratio of the collector current of the amplifier circuit by each bipolar transistor becomes inversely proportional to the ratio of the emitter resistance.
- a state in which only one of the switches SW0, SW1, and SW2 is set to the ground potential g nd is defined as a gain state in which gain_state is 0, 1, and 2, respectively.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which three switches have a three-bit configuration, but the basic operation does not change even if the number of bits is increased or decreased.
- the voltage gain Avl of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment can be controlled according to a gain state gain_state as represented by the following equation 7a, assuming an ideal bipolar transistor.
- gml, Re, and 10 are represented by the following equations 7b, 7c, and 7d.
- I 0 I clO-(2 gain - state )... (7 d)
- 2 gain - state represents 2 to the power of gain_state
- I clO is the collector current 10 when gain-state is 0.
- the base bias voltages of the bipolar transistors Q 1 and Q 2 are fixed for simplicity. However, even if the base bias voltage is not constant, the collector current can be improved by devising a noise circuit. A similar gain control is possible by changing 10 so that it is inversely proportional to the emitter resistance Re.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing, as an application example of the first embodiment, a configuration example of a variable gain amplifier circuit including a bias circuit for accurately realizing the above-described collector current I 0 ratio.
- the gain amplifier circuit can accurately realize the collector current 10 ratio. it can .
- the collector current decreases when the voltage gain is reduced.
- the suppression ratio I M3 is the same as Equations 3 and 4 described above, and can be expressed by the following Equation 8 assuming an ideal bipolar transistor.
- Equation 8 By substituting Equations 7c and 7d into Equation 8, it can be seen that in this variable gain amplifier circuit, the suppression ratio I M3 does not change even if the gain-state is changed. In other words, even if the voltage gain Av is reduced, the suppression ratio becomes constant.
- Figs. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show that the voltage gain Av (where Avl in the equation) is controlled by changing the gain_state calculated from the above equations 7a to 7d and equation 8. 4 shows the relationship between the suppression ratio I M3 and the collector current I 0.
- the bases of the bipolar transistor pairs forming the plurality of emitter-grounded amplifier circuits are shared, and switches are provided on the emitter side of the bipolar transistor pairs forming the respective emitter-grounded amplifier circuits.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a modification of the first embodiment. In this modification, the switches SW2, SW1, and SWO are switched so that the emitter side of the bipolar transistor is not at the ground potential g nd but at the positive power supply voltage Vcc. Similar effects can be obtained even with such a circuit configuration.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- variable gain amplifier circuit is obtained by converting the differential type circuit of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 into a single-phase type.
- this variable gain amplifier circuit the bases of bipolar transistors Q1, Q3, and Q5 constituting a plurality of emitter grounded amplifier circuits are connected in common, and switches SW2 and SW1 s SWO are provided on each emitter side. Connected and configured.
- the circuit operation is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the bipolar transistor when one of the emitters of the bipolar transistor is switched to the ground potential gnd by switching the switches SW2, SW1, and SWO, the bipolar transistor is connected to the emitter ground.
- the emitter side When it operates as an amplifier circuit and the emitter side is not set to the ground potential gnd, it does not operate as an amplifier circuit because the collector current does not flow.
- the switches SW2, SW1 and SWO in this way, if an amplifier circuit having a different voltage gain is selected, the voltage gain can be controlled.
- the bases of the bipolar transistors forming the plurality of common-emitter wide circuits are made common, and switches are provided on the emitter side of the bipolar transistors forming the respective common-emitter amplifier circuits.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the third embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the first embodiment is partially changed.
- the configuration difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that in-phase emitter resistors Rec0, Recl, Rec2 are added to each bipolar transistor pair. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the ratio of the resistance values of the in-phase emitter resistors Rec0, Reel, Rec2 is made to satisfy the following equation 6c so as to be in inverse proportion to the emitter area ratio, similarly to the emitter resistors Re0, Rel, Re2.
- the collector current ratio can be kept constant.
- the common-mode emitter resistors Rec0, Reel, and Rec2 the voltage gain of the common-mode signal can be reduced, and the effect of increasing resistance to external noise is newly obtained.
- the relationship between the voltage gain of the differential signal, the collector current and the suppression ratio is the same as in the first embodiment, and has the same effect.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a modification of the third embodiment.
- the connection configuration of the emitter resistor is different. From the viewpoint that the emitter resistance viewed from the bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2 is equivalent to the resistance of the parallel connection of Re2 and Rec2, it can be considered as an amplifier circuit similar to the variable gain amplifier circuit in Fig. 6. it can be considered as an amplifier circuit similar to the variable gain amplifier circuit in Fig. 6. it can be considered as an amplifier circuit similar to the variable gain amplifier circuit in Fig. 6. it can
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are circuit diagrams showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the fourth embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the first embodiment is partially modified.
- the difference in the configuration between the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment is that the current sources 41, 42, 43 are used as switches. That is, was used.
- Other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show examples in which the connection configurations of the emitter resistors R e0, R el, and R e2 and the current sources 41, 42, and 43 are changed, respectively.
- variable gain amplifier circuit of the fourth embodiment if the ratio of the collector currents set by the current sources 41 to 43 is set as in the above equation 7d, the relationship between the voltage gain, the collector current, and the suppression ratio is obtained. Both are the same as the first embodiment, and have the same effects.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the fifth embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the first embodiment is partially changed.
- the configuration difference between the fifth embodiment and the first embodiment is that the MS transistors Mn0, Mnl, and Mn2 are used as switches. Other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the relationship between the voltage gain, the collector current, and the suppression ratio is the same as in the first embodiment, and has the same effect.
- the MOS transistor cannot be considered an ideal switch, increase the gate width of the MOS transistor as much as possible to minimize the on-resistance, or set the ratio of the on-resistance to the emitter resistance. By making the ratio the same, the voltage gain can be controlled more accurately.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 are circuit diagrams showing a configuration of a modification of the fifth embodiment. These modifications correspond to the configurations of the second and third embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and are replaced by using MOS transistors as switches.Each has the same effect. .
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the sixth embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the fifth embodiment is partially changed.
- the difference in configuration between the sixth embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the emitter-grounded amplifier circuit is formed by using a MOS inverter composed of MOS transistors MnO, Mnl, Mn2, Mp0, Mpl, and Mp2 as a switch. If not selected, the bipolar transistor Instead of opening the mitter side, it is set to the potential of the positive power supply voltage.
- the bipolar transistor By setting the emitter side of the bipolar transistor to the potential of the positive power supply voltage in this manner, the bipolar transistor saturates and does not operate as an amplifier circuit, so that the gain similar to that of the first and fifth embodiments is obtained. Can control. Therefore, also in the variable gain amplifier circuit of the sixth embodiment, the relationship between the voltage gain, the collector current, and the suppression ratio is the same as in the first and fifth embodiments, and has the same effect. If is not considered as an ideal switch, the power to increase the gate width of the M ⁇ S transistor as much as possible to reduce the on-resistance as much as possible, or the ratio of the on-resistance to the emitter resistance By setting the same as the ratio, the voltage gain can be controlled more accurately.
- FIGS. 15 to 17 are circuit diagrams showing a configuration of a modification of the sixth embodiment. These modifications correspond to the configurations of the second and third embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and are replaced by using a MOS inverter as a switch, and each has the same effect.
- a MOS inverter as a switch
- FIGS. 15 to 17 are circuit diagrams showing a configuration of a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the seventh embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the first embodiment is partially changed.
- the difference in configuration between the seventh embodiment and the first embodiment is that a cascade connection of emitter ground and base ground is added by adding base-grounded bipolar transistors Q7 and Q8.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the capacitance C jc between the base and the collector of the emitter-grounded bipolar transistors Q 1 and Q 2 is directly effective to increase the parasitic capacitance between the input Vin and the output Vout.
- the operation of the circuit is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.Assuming an ideal bipolar transistor, the voltage gain Av and the suppression ratio ⁇ ⁇ 3 are the same as those in Equations 7a to 7d and Equation 8. is there. That is, in any of the variable gain amplifier circuits of the embodiments, in an ideal case where the parasitic capacitance can be neglected, the voltage gain can be controlled according to Equations 7a to 7d.
- the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the seventh embodiment has a smaller signal leakage from the input Vin to the output Vout due to the parasitic capacitance. The gain can be controlled and reduced to the voltage gain. In other words, the dynamic range of gain control can be expanded.
- variable gain amplifier circuit is configured to have a cascade connection of a common emitter and a common base, so that the dynamic range of gain control can be improved in addition to the effects of the first embodiment. An effect that can be spread can be realized.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a first modification of the seventh embodiment. This modification corresponds to the configuration of the modification of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 and constitutes a cascade-connected amplifier circuit with a common emitter and a common base, and has the same effect.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a first modification of the seventh embodiment. This modification corresponds to the configuration of the modification of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 and constitutes a cascade-connected amplifier circuit with a common emitter and a common base, and has the same effect.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a second modification of the seventh embodiment.
- This modified example corresponds to the configuration of the modified example of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, in addition to the configuration in which the switches SW2, SW1, and SWO are switched to set the emitter side of the bipolar transistor to the ground potential gnd. Further, when the ground potential gnd is not set, the power supply voltage is set to the positive power supply voltage Vcc. Even with such a circuit configuration, a similar effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable gain amplifier circuit according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the eighth embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the first embodiment is partially changed.
- the configuration difference between the eighth embodiment and the first embodiment is that a MOS transistor is used in place of the bipolar transistor.
- the gates of the MOS transistors Ml, M3, M5 and the gates of M2, M4, M6, which constitute a plurality of common source amplifier circuits, are connected in common, and the source side of the MOS transistors Ml, M2
- the switch SW2 is connected to each of the sources of the MOS transistors M3, M4 and M5, M6.
- the ratio of the resistance values RsO, Rsl, and Rs2 of the source resistance is configured to be inversely proportional to the ratio of the gate width of the MOS transistor.
- the ratio between the gate width of each MOS transistor and the ratio between the resistance values of the source resistors is a power of two.
- the configuration is such that the ratio of the drain current in the plurality of common-source amplifier circuits is inversely proportional to the ratio of the source resistance.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, but according to the configuration of the eighth embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the circuit can be operated at a lower power supply voltage. The effect can be realized.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a modification of the eighth embodiment. This change The embodiment is configured using a MOS transistor in place of the bipolar transistor corresponding to the configuration of the modification of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 and has the same effect s .
- the field-effect transistor is not limited to a MOS transistor.
- a field-effect transistor using a compound semiconductor such as a GaAs MESFET may be used.
- the same effect can be achieved by using another field effect transistor such as a transistor.
- FIGS. 23 and 24 are circuit diagrams showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ninth embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the seventh embodiment is partially changed.
- the configuration difference between the FIG. 9 embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that a MOS transistor is used instead of the bipolar transistor.
- a grounded-gate MOS transistor such as M7 or M8 is added to the configuration of the eighth embodiment to form a cascade-connected amplifying circuit with a grounded source and a grounded gate.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the seventh embodiment.
- the configuration of the ninth embodiment in addition to the effect of the seventh embodiment, the effect that the circuit can be operated at a lower power supply voltage can be obtained. Can be realized.
- a MOS transistor is used as a field effect transistor.
- the present invention is not limited to an M ⁇ S transistor.
- an electric field using a compound semiconductor such as a GaAs MESFET may be used.
- the same effect can be achieved with other field effect transistors such as a small effect transistor.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the variable gain amplifying circuit according to the tenth embodiment includes a variable gain amplifying circuit described in the first to ninth embodiments as a variable gain amplifying circuit body (VGA 1) 11 and a decoder (DECORDER 1) 1 It is configured by adding 2.
- the decoder 12 performs the digital signal processing as shown in Table 1 so that the SWO, SW1, and SW1 of the variable gain amplifying circuit main body 11 according to the input digital signal gain—state—1 for setting the gain state. “1” is output to one of the inputs of SW2, and only one of the plurality of amplifier circuits included in the variable gain amplifier circuit 11 is selected.
- the input method for a digital signal gain_ S tate_l so that inputs data serial format using clock terminal c 1 k, the data terminal data, the strobe terminal stb.
- the input method of the digital signal gain_state-1 is not limited to this, and various modified examples can be considered.
- the voltage gain at this time is as shown in Table 1, for example, when the ratio of the emitter resistance between the amplifier circuits is a power of 2, and the ratio of the collector current between the amplifier circuits is inversely proportional to the ratio of the emitter resistance.
- the digital signal gai state-1 can control the voltage gain in steps of about 6 dB.
- Figure 26 is a graph showing the relationship between the digital signal gain—state—U and the voltage gain A V (in dB) corresponding to Table 1.
- the voltage gain of the variable gain amplifier circuit is controlled in units of a predetermined amount such as about every 6 dB depending on the value of the input signal to the decoder. can do.
- a predetermined amount such as about every 6 dB depending on the value of the input signal to the decoder.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- variable gain amplifying circuit comprises a variable gain amplifying circuit described in the first to ninth embodiments as a variable gain amplifying circuit main body (VGA 2) 21 and a decoder circuit (DECORDER 2). 2 Apply 2 [1 to 3 ⁇ .
- the decoder 22 always outputs "1" to SW2 corresponding to the amplifier circuit having the largest voltage gain in the variable gain amplifier circuit 21, and inputs the digital signal gain_state_2 for gain state setting, and By performing digital signal processing as shown in Fig. 2, ⁇ 1 '' or ⁇ 0 '' is output to each input of SWO and SW1 of the variable gain amplifier circuit 22, and the amplification circuits corresponding to SW0 and SW1 are output. Select any combination of amplifier circuits.
- serial format data is input using the clock terminal c 1 k, the data terminal data, and the strobe terminal stb.
- the input method of the digital signal gain_state-2 is not limited to this, and various modified examples can be considered.
- the voltage gain at this time is as shown in Table 2 if, for example, the ratio of the emitter resistance between the amplifier circuits is a power of 2, and the ratio of the collector current between the amplifier circuits is inversely proportional to the ratio of the emitter resistance.
- the digital signal gain_state-2 can control the voltage gain in a range of about 6 dB in finer increments than 6 dB. Wear.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the relationship between the digital signal gain_state-2 and the voltage gain Av (in dB) corresponding to Table 2.
- the variable gain amplifying circuit is provided for each predetermined unit smaller than a predetermined range such as 6 dB depending on the value of the input signal to the decoder.
- the voltage gain can be controlled. Note that, in the eleventh embodiment, an example of a three-bit configuration is shown, but the number of bits can be increased to further reduce the voltage gain control unit. Further, by changing the setting of the voltage gain of the amplifier circuit that always outputs “1”, the setting of the gain control range of the entire variable gain amplifier circuit body 21 can be changed.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable gain amplifier circuit according to the 12th embodiment of the present invention.
- variable gain amplifying circuit of the 12th embodiment is configured by connecting the variable gain amplifying circuit described in the 10th embodiment and the variable gain amplifying circuit described in the 11th embodiment in series.
- the voltage gain is the product of the voltage gains of the respective variable gain amplifier circuits (sum in dB). become.
- the combination of the digital signal gain_state_l and the digital signal gain-state-2 is defined as gain_state_3, it can be considered that the voltage gain can be controlled by gain_state_3.
- 3 0 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage gain Av (d B Display) for the digital signal gain_state one 3 corresponding to Table 3.
- variable gain amplifier circuits using decoders are connected in series
- a fine range can be finely divided for each predetermined unit in a predetermined range depending on the value of an input signal to the decoder.
- the voltage gain of the variable gain amplifier circuit can be controlled.
- the 12th embodiment shows an example of a three-bit configuration
- the dynamic range of gain control can be further expanded by increasing the number of bits, and the voltage gain can be controlled in finer increments.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the wireless communication device according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the thirteenth embodiment is an example in which the variable gain amplifier circuits shown in the tenth to the twelfth embodiments are applied to a wireless communication device.
- This wireless communication device includes an antenna 106, a duplexer (duplexer) 105, and as a transmission system, a transmission baseband signal processor 101, a modulator 102, a transmission oscillator 103, a transmission RF variable. It has a gain amplifier circuit 104. In addition, receiving It has an RF variable gain amplifier circuit 107, demodulator 108, reception oscillator 109, and reception baseband signal processing unit 110.
- the transmission baseband signal processing unit 101 performs signal processing such as encoding, amplification, and band limiting processing of a baseband transmission signal based on an input transmission data signal.
- the modulator 102 mixes the local oscillation signal generated by the transmission oscillator 103 with the transmission signal and performs frequency conversion to obtain a transmission RF signal.
- the transmission RF variable gain amplification circuit 104 for example, to avoid saturation of the reception circuit of the partner station when the distance to the communication partner is short, and to reduce interference with other wireless communication devices, By controlling, the transmission RF signal is adjusted to an appropriate signal level, and radiated from the antenna 106 through the duplexer 105 as radio waves.
- the received RF signal received by the antenna 106 is input to the received RF variable gain amplifier circuit 107 via the duplexer 105. Then, in the reception RF variable gain amplifier circuit 107, fluctuations in the reception signal level due to, for example, changes in the distance to the communication partner and the effects of fading are suppressed, and saturation of the amplification circuit due to a high-level input signal is suppressed. To avoid this, adjust the received RF signal to an appropriate signal level by performing gain control. Next, in the demodulator 108, the local oscillation signal generated by the reception oscillator 109 and the reception RF signal are mixed to perform frequency conversion to obtain a baseband reception signal.
- the received baseband signal processing unit 110 performs signal processing such as band limiting processing, amplification, and decoding of the received signal, reproduces the original data signal sent from the communication partner, and generates a received data signal. Output.
- at least one of the transmission RF variable gain amplifier circuit 104 and the reception RF variable gain amplifier circuit 107 has the variable gain amplifier described in the tenth to the twelfth embodiments. It is configured using a circuit. As a result, it is possible to realize a wireless communication device in which the current decreases when the voltage gain is reduced and the distortion characteristics are not substantially deteriorated.
- the bases of the bipolar transistors or the gates of the MOS transistors constituting a plurality of emitter grounded amplifier circuits are shared, and the emitter side of each bipolar transistor or the source side of each MOS transistor is used.
- Each of the switches is provided with a switch, and these switches are used to select a common emitter and wide circuit.
- an excellent variable gain amplifying circuit that reduces current when a voltage gain is reduced, and has substantially no deterioration of distortion characteristics represented by a suppression ratio, and A wireless communication device can be provided.
Landscapes
- Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04702042A EP1560331A1 (en) | 2003-01-14 | 2004-01-14 | Variable gain amplifier circuit and radio machine |
US10/530,993 US20060022748A1 (en) | 2003-01-14 | 2004-01-14 | Variable gain amplifier circuit and radio machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-6171 | 2003-01-14 | ||
JP2003006171A JP2004266309A (ja) | 2003-01-14 | 2003-01-14 | 可変利得増幅回路及び無線通信装置 |
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WO2004064251A1 true WO2004064251A1 (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
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PCT/JP2004/000181 WO2004064251A1 (ja) | 2003-01-14 | 2004-01-14 | 可変利得増幅回路及び無線機 |
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US (1) | US20060022748A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1560331A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2004266309A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004064251A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (21)
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DE102004039830B4 (de) * | 2004-08-17 | 2007-11-08 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verstärkerschaltung mit einstellbarer wertdiskreter Verstärkung, Verwendung der Verstärkerschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines wertdiskret einstellbaren Verstärkers |
US7180310B2 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2007-02-20 | Advantest Corporation | Amplitude varying driver circuit and test apparatus |
JP2007074121A (ja) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | 増幅器及び相互コンダクタンス制御方法 |
JP2007104141A (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-19 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | 可変利得回路 |
GB2434494B (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2008-02-06 | Toumaz Technology Ltd | Low noise amplifier |
JP2008141358A (ja) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-19 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | 利得可変増幅回路 |
JP2009088582A (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-23 | Tdk Corp | 増幅回路及びこれを備える光ピックアップ |
JP5215676B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-16 | 2013-06-19 | シャープ株式会社 | 可変利得増幅器 |
JP5239904B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-28 | 2013-07-17 | 横河電機株式会社 | 差動増幅器 |
JP5287439B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-01 | 2013-09-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | 電圧電流変換利得制御器、電圧電流変換利得制御方法及び無線装置 |
JP5308243B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-10 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 可変ゲイン回路 |
CN101826843A (zh) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-08 | 复旦大学 | 一种在低增益时线性度优化的可变增益放大器 |
JP5315307B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-24 | 2013-10-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | エレベーター装置 |
CN102354240A (zh) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-02-15 | 复旦大学 | 一种可拓展高频带宽的电路结构 |
US8797098B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2014-08-05 | Fujitsu Limited | Variable gain amplifier |
JP6359928B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2018-07-18 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ドライバ回路 |
TWI625932B (zh) * | 2016-03-14 | 2018-06-01 | 美國亞德諾半導體公司 | 寬頻放大器之有效線性化 |
US10389312B2 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2019-08-20 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Bias modulation active linearization for broadband amplifiers |
US10848109B2 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2020-11-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Bias modulation active linearization for broadband amplifiers |
US10910714B2 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2021-02-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Configurable power combiner and splitter |
TWI672903B (zh) | 2018-10-03 | 2019-09-21 | 立積電子股份有限公司 | 放大器電路 |
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- 2004-01-14 US US10/530,993 patent/US20060022748A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20060022748A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
JP2004266309A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
EP1560331A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
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