WO2011089946A1 - 放射線画像変換パネルとそれを用いた放射線画像検出器 - Google Patents
放射線画像変換パネルとそれを用いた放射線画像検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011089946A1 WO2011089946A1 PCT/JP2011/050253 JP2011050253W WO2011089946A1 WO 2011089946 A1 WO2011089946 A1 WO 2011089946A1 JP 2011050253 W JP2011050253 W JP 2011050253W WO 2011089946 A1 WO2011089946 A1 WO 2011089946A1
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- phosphor
- radiation image
- layer
- conversion panel
- image conversion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0694—Halides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
- G21K2004/06—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens with a phosphor layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation image conversion panel having high emission luminance and a radiation image detector using the radiation image conversion panel.
- radiographic images such as X-ray images have been widely used for diagnosis of medical conditions in the medical field.
- radiographic images using intensifying screens and film systems have been developed as an imaging system that combines high reliability and excellent cost performance as a result of high sensitivity and high image quality in the long history. Used in the medical field.
- these pieces of image information are so-called analog image information, and free image processing and instantaneous power transmission cannot be performed like the digital image information that has been developed in recent years.
- a scintillator made of an X-ray phosphor having a characteristic of emitting light by radiation is used.
- the luminous efficiency is improved. It becomes necessary to use a high scintillator.
- the light emission efficiency of a scintillator is determined by the thickness of the phosphor layer and the X-ray absorption coefficient of the phosphor. The thicker the phosphor layer, the more scattered the emitted light in the phosphor layer. However, sharpness decreases. Therefore, when the sharpness necessary for the image quality is determined, the layer thickness is determined.
- CsI cesium iodide
- phosphors can be easily formed into a columnar crystal structure by vapor deposition. And the thickness of the phosphor layer can be increased (see Patent Document 1).
- CsI cesium iodide
- CaI cesium iodide
- NaI sodium iodide
- TlI thallium iodide
- Visible conversion efficiency is improved by performing heat treatment at a temperature of 200 to 500 ° C. on the substrate deposited as thallium activated cesium iodide (CsI: Tl) on the (substrate), and used as an X-ray phosphor ( For example, see Patent Document 2.)
- the activator has a crystal structure different from that of the phosphor host compound, so that when the concentration is high, the columnar crystal structure is disturbed and sharpness is deteriorated (patent document). 3).
- JP-A-63-215987 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 54-35060 JP 2009-47577 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems and situations.
- the solution is to prevent the disorder of the structure of the phosphor columnar crystal, so that the phosphor emits light by X-ray irradiation and propagates in the direction of the photoelectric conversion element.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation image conversion panel having an increased brightness by eliminating scattered refraction of the light component. Moreover, it is providing the radiographic image detector using the same.
- a radiation image conversion panel having a phosphor layer on a substrate, wherein the phosphor layer is composed of phosphor columnar crystals formed from a phosphor matrix compound and an activator by a vapor deposition method, and the phosphor
- the degree of orientation based on the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the surface of the columnar crystal having a certain plane index is 80 regardless of the position in the layer thickness direction from the root to the tip of the phosphor layer near the substrate of the phosphor columnar crystal.
- Radiation image conversion panel characterized by being in a range of ⁇ 100%.
- a radiation image detector wherein a photoelectric conversion element is disposed so as to face the radiation image conversion panel according to any one of the first to fifth aspects.
- the structure of the phosphor columnar crystal is prevented from being disturbed, and the luminance is increased by eliminating the scattering and refraction of the light component emitted from the phosphor by X-ray irradiation and propagating in the direction of the photoelectric conversion element.
- a radiation image conversion panel can be provided.
- the radiographic image detector using the same can be provided.
- the radiation image conversion panel of the present invention is a radiation image conversion panel having a phosphor layer on a substrate, and the phosphor layer is formed by a vapor phase deposition method from a phosphor matrix compound and an activator.
- the orientation degree based on the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the surface of the phosphor columnar crystal having a certain plane index is a layer from the root to the tip of the phosphor layer near the substrate of the phosphor columnar crystal. Regardless of the position in the thickness direction, it is within the range of 80 to 100%.
- the certain plane index is (200) from the viewpoint of manifesting the effect of the present invention.
- ⁇ is used to mean that the numerical values described before and after it are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the phosphor matrix compound of the phosphor columnar crystal is a cubic alkali halide phosphor compound. Specifically, it is preferable that the phosphor matrix compound of the phosphor columnar crystal is cesium iodide. In this case, it is preferable that the phosphor columnar crystal contains thallium as an activator.
- the present invention can also be applied to stimulable phosphors.
- the phosphor matrix compound of the phosphor columnar crystal is cesium bromide.
- the phosphor columnar crystal contains europium as an activator.
- the radiographic image conversion panel of the present invention can be suitably used for a radiographic image detector in which a photoelectric conversion element is disposed opposite to this.
- the radiation image conversion panel of the present invention is a radiation image conversion panel having a phosphor layer on a substrate, and the phosphor layer is a phosphor columnar crystal formed from a phosphor matrix compound and an activator by a vapor deposition method. It is preferable that various functional layers as described later are provided in addition to the phosphor layer according to the purpose.
- the radiation image conversion panel of the present invention is also referred to as a radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) in which a phosphor layer is provided on a first substrate through a functional layer such as a reflective layer by a vapor deposition method. ), A photoelectric conversion element portion (also referred to as a “planar light receiving element”) in which pixels including a photosensor and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) or a CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) are two-dimensionally arranged on a second substrate.
- a radiation image conversion panel in which a phosphor layer is provided on a first substrate through a functional layer such as a reflective layer by a vapor deposition method.
- a photoelectric conversion element portion also referred to as a “planar light receiving element” in which pixels including a photosensor and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) or a CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) are two-dimensionally arranged on a second substrate.
- a radiation image conversion panel may be formed by adhering or closely attaching the photoelectric conversion panel provided, or after forming a planar light receiving element on a substrate, vapor deposition is performed directly or via a functional layer such as a reflective layer or a protective layer. It is good also as a radiation image conversion panel by providing a fluorescent substance layer by the method.
- the “scintillator” refers to a phosphor that emits light when an atom is excited when irradiated with ionizing radiation such as ⁇ -rays, ⁇ -rays, and X-rays. That is, it refers to a phosphor that converts radiation into ultraviolet / visible light and emits it. However, the stimulable phosphor described later is excluded.
- a “stimulable phosphor” is a phosphor corresponding to the initial dose of ionizing radiation by optical stimulation (stimulated excitation light having a wavelength of 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m) after the first ionizing radiation is irradiated. It refers to a phosphor that exhibits exhaustion.
- phosphor layer For the phosphor layer according to the present invention (also referred to as “phosphor layer”), various conventionally known phosphor host compounds can be used, and the phosphor host compound of the phosphor layer is cubic.
- the alkali halide phosphor compound is preferable.
- a phosphor layer can be formed using cesium halides such as cesium iodide (CsI) and cesium bromide (CsBr) as main components, and cesium iodide (CsI) can be used as a base compound (main component). It is preferable that the phosphor layer contains phosphor columnar crystals.
- cesium iodide (CsI) has a relatively high rate of change from X-rays to visible light, and easily converts phosphors by vapor deposition.
- the cesium iodide is concerned. It is characterized by having (CsI) as a main component.
- CsI alone has low luminous efficiency
- various activators are added.
- a mixture of CsI and sodium iodide (NaI) in an arbitrary molar ratio can be mentioned.
- CsI as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-59899 is deposited, and thallium (Tl), europium (Eu), indium (In), lithium (Li), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) ), CsI containing an activating substance such as sodium (Na) is preferred.
- thallium (Tl) is particularly preferable.
- a stimulable phosphor such as CsBr, Eu or the like can be used as an activator.
- thallium activated cesium iodide (CsI: Tl) is preferable because it has a wide emission wavelength from 400 nm to 750 nm.
- thallium compound as an additive containing one or more types of thallium compounds according to the present invention, various thallium compounds (compounds having oxidation numbers of + I and + III) can be used.
- a preferred thallium compound is thallium iodide (TlI).
- the melting point of the thallium compound according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 400 to 700 ° C. If the temperature exceeds 700 ° C., the additives in the columnar crystals exist non-uniformly, resulting in a decrease in luminous efficiency.
- the melting point is a melting point at normal temperature and pressure.
- the relative content of the activator in the phosphor layer is preferably 0.1 to 5 mol%.
- the relative content in the underlayer is preferably from 0.01 to 1 mol%, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.7 mol%.
- the relative content of an activator is shown by mol% of the activator with respect to 1 mol of fluorescent substance base compounds.
- the relative content of the activator in the underlayer is lower than the relative content in the phosphor layer, and the relative content of the activator in the underlayer with respect to the relative content of the activator in the phosphor layer
- the ratio of the amounts ((relative content of activator in the underlayer) / (relative content in the phosphor layer)) is preferably 0.1 to 0.7.
- the thickness of the phosphor layer is preferably 100 to 800 ⁇ m, and more preferably 120 to 700 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining a good balance between luminance and sharpness characteristics.
- the phosphor layer according to the present invention is composed of a phosphor columnar crystal formed by a vapor deposition method from a phosphor matrix compound and an activator, and the surface X having a certain plane index of the phosphor columnar crystal.
- the degree of orientation based on the line diffraction spectrum is in the range of 80 to 100% regardless of the position in the layer thickness direction of the phosphor layer from the base of the phosphor columnar crystal close to the substrate.
- the degree of orientation is preferably in the range of 95 to 100%.
- the constant surface index may be any one of (100), (110), (111), (200), (211), (220), (311), etc. (For the surface index, see pages 42 to 46 for an introduction to X-ray analysis (Tokyo Kagaku Dojin)).
- the phosphor columnar crystal according to the present invention needs to be formed by a vapor deposition method.
- a vapor deposition method a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an ion plating method, or the like can be used.
- the vapor deposition method is particularly preferable.
- the phosphor layer is composed of a phosphor composed of a phosphor matrix compound and an activator, and the phosphor matrix compound and the activator between the substrate (support) and the phosphor layer. It is preferable that an underlayer is provided in which the relative density is lower than the relative density of the phosphor layer, and the relative content of the activator is lower than the relative content of the phosphor layer.
- the relative content of the activator is lower than the relative content of the phosphor layer on the surface of the substrate in order to satisfy the requirements for the plane index.
- a step of forming a phosphor layer having a relative density higher than that of the underlayer by depositing the phosphor on the surface of the underlayer by a vapor deposition method. A production method is preferred.
- the presence of the underlayer improves the columnar crystallinity of the phosphor layer, increases the amount of light emission, improves the brightness of the conversion panel, and improves the storage stability.
- the base layer which is a characteristic requirement according to the present invention, is a base layer in which the relative content of the activator is lower than the relative content of the phosphor layer.
- the relative density of the underlayer needs to be lower than the relative density of the phosphor layer, and the ratio of the relative density of the underlayer to the relative density of the phosphor layer ((the relative density of the underlayer) / ( The relative density of the phosphor layer)) is preferably 0.92 to 0.98.
- the relative density (%) the actual relative value of density (g / cm 3) of the respective layers to the phosphor-specific density (g / cm 3) (base layer or the phosphor layer) (percentage) Means.
- the thickness of the underlayer satisfies the following relational expression with respect to the thickness of the phosphor layer.
- the thickness of the phosphor layer is 500 ⁇ m
- it is desirable that the thickness of the underlayer is greater than 5 ⁇ m and less than 250 ⁇ m.
- the underlayer is also preferably formed by a vapor deposition method in the same manner as the phosphor layer.
- the underlayer is generally composed of an aggregate of spherical crystals having a diameter of several ⁇ m or has a columnar crystal structure.
- X-ray diffraction was used to determine the degree of orientation.
- X-ray diffraction can illuminate a crystalline material with specific X-rays of a specific wavelength, and use the fact that diffraction that satisfies the Bragg equation occurs to obtain knowledge about the material identification, crystal phase structure, etc. It is a highly versatile analytical method.
- the target of the irradiation system is Cu, Fe, Co or the like and depends on the apparatus capability, but generally the output upon irradiation is about 0 to 50 mA, 0 to 50 kV.
- the size of the sample measured by XRD depends on the capability of the XRD apparatus, but it is generally preferable that the sample has a size of at least 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm. Since the produced sample measures the plane index in the layer thickness direction by XRD, it is necessary to cut the sample in the layer thickness direction. In order to cut the sample, for example, the sample is embedded in a resin. First, XRD measurement is performed on the resin-embedded sample surface to obtain the diffraction intensity of each surface index of the phosphor layer with an incident angle 2 ⁇ of 10 to 100 °.
- the ratio of the intensity I 200 of the (200) plane out of the total intensity I of the entire plane index obtained at each layer thickness was calculated as “(200) degree of orientation”.
- a reflective layer (also referred to as “metal reflective layer”) may be provided on a support (substrate).
- the reflection layer is for reflecting light emitted from a phosphor (scintillator) to improve light extraction efficiency.
- the reflective layer is preferably formed of a material containing any element selected from the element group consisting of Al, Ag, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ti, Mg, Rh, Pt, and Au.
- a metal thin film composed of the above elements for example, an Ag film, an Al film or the like. Further, two or more such metal thin films may be formed.
- the thickness of the reflective layer is preferably 0.005 to 0.3 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of emission light extraction efficiency.
- the formation method of the reflective layer according to the present invention may be any known method, and examples thereof include a sputtering process using the above raw materials.
- a metal protective layer may be provided on the reflective layer.
- the metal protective layer is preferably formed by applying and drying a resin dissolved in a solvent.
- a polymer having a glass transition point of 30 to 100 ° C. is preferable from the viewpoint of attaching a film of a deposited crystal and a support (substrate).
- polyurethane resin vinyl chloride copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate.
- Copolymer vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyamide resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyester resin, cellulose derivative (nitrocellulose, etc.), styrene-butadiene copolymer
- examples include coalescers, various synthetic rubber resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, urea resins, melamine resins, phenoxy resins, silicon resins, acrylic resins, urea formamide resins, and the like, and polyester resins are particularly preferable.
- the thickness of the metal protective layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more in terms of adhesion, and preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less in terms of ensuring the smoothness of the surface of the metal protective layer. More preferably, the thickness of the metal protective layer is in the range of 0.2 to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Solvents used for metal protective layer preparation include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, chlorine atom-containing hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and ethylene chloride, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, Aromatic compounds such as toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, xylene, esters of lower fatty acids and lower alcohols such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethers such as dioxane, ethylene glycol monoethyl ester, ethylene glycol monomethyl ester, And mixtures thereof.
- lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol
- chlorine atom-containing hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and ethylene chloride
- ketones such
- an undercoat layer may be provided between the support (substrate) and the underlayer or between the reflective layer and the underlayer from the viewpoint of attaching a film.
- the undercoat layer preferably contains a polymer binder (binder), a dispersant and the like.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the undercoat layer according to the present invention is preferably formed by applying and drying a polymer binder (hereinafter also referred to as “binder”) dissolved or dispersed in a solvent.
- a polymer binder hereinafter also referred to as “binder”
- the polymer binder include polyurethane, vinyl chloride copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer.
- Polymer polyamide resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyester, cellulose derivative (nitrocellulose, etc.), styrene-butadiene copolymer, various synthetic rubber resins, phenol resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, melamine resin, phenoxy resin, silicone resin , Acrylic resins, urea formamide resins, and the like.
- polyurethane, polyester, vinyl chloride copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, and nitrocellulose are preferably used.
- polyurethane, polyester, vinyl chloride copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, nitrocellulose and the like are particularly preferable in terms of adhesion to the phosphor layer.
- a polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 30 to 100 ° C. is preferable from the viewpoint of attaching a film between the deposited crystal and the support (substrate). From this viewpoint, a polyester resin is particularly preferable.
- Solvents that can be used to prepare the undercoat layer include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, hydrocarbons containing chlorine atoms such as methylene chloride and ethylene chloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone.
- ketones such as ketones, toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, xylene and other aromatic compounds, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and other lower fatty acid and lower alcohol esters, dioxane, ethylene glycol monoethyl ester, ethylene glycol monomethyl ester And ethers thereof and mixtures thereof.
- the undercoat layer according to the present invention may contain a pigment or a dye in order to prevent scattering of light emitted from the phosphor (scintillator) and improve sharpness.
- the protective layer according to the present invention focuses on protecting the phosphor layer. That is, cesium iodide (CsI) absorbs water vapor in the air and deliquesces when exposed to a high hygroscopic property, and therefore the main purpose is to prevent this.
- CsI cesium iodide
- the protective layer can be formed using various materials.
- a polyparaxylylene film is formed by a CVD method. That is, a polyparaxylylene film can be formed on the entire surface of the phosphor (scintillator) and the support (substrate) to form a protective layer.
- a polymer film can be provided on the phosphor layer.
- a film similar to the polymer film as a support (substrate) material described later can be used as a material of the polymer film.
- the thickness of the polymer film is preferably 12 ⁇ m or more and 120 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 80 ⁇ m or less, taking into consideration the formation of voids, the protective properties of the phosphor layer, sharpness, moisture resistance, workability, etc. Is preferred.
- the haze ratio is preferably 3% or more and 40% or less, more preferably 3% or more and 10% or less in consideration of sharpness, radiation image unevenness, production stability, workability, and the like.
- the haze ratio can be measured, for example, by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. NDH5000W.
- the required haze ratio is appropriately selected from commercially available polymer films and can be easily obtained.
- the light transmittance of the protective film is preferably 70% or more at 550 nm in consideration of photoelectric conversion efficiency, phosphor (scintillator) emission wavelength, etc., but a film having a light transmittance of 99% or more is commercially available. Since it is difficult, 99% to 70% is preferable substantially.
- the moisture permeability of the protective film is preferably 50 g / m 2 ⁇ day (40 ° C., 90% RH) (measured according to JIS Z0208) or less, more preferably 10 g / m 2 taking into account the protective properties and deliquescence of the phosphor layer.
- m 2 ⁇ day (40 ° C./90% RH) (measured in accordance with JIS Z0208) or less is preferable, but a film having a moisture permeability of 0.01 g / m 2 ⁇ day (40 ° C./90% RH) or less is industrial.
- the support (also referred to as “substrate”) is preferably a quartz glass sheet, a metal sheet made of aluminum, iron, tin, chromium, or the like, a carbon fiber reinforced sheet, a polymer film, or the like.
- Polymer films such as cellulose acetate film, polyester film, polyethylene terephthalate (PEN) film, polyamide film, polyimide (PI) film, triacetate film, polycarbonate film, carbon fiber reinforced resin sheet, etc. Can be used.
- a polymer film containing polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate is suitable when a phosphor columnar crystal is formed by a vapor phase method using cesium iodide as a raw material.
- the polymer film as the support (substrate) according to the present invention is preferably a polymer film having a thickness of 50 to 500 ⁇ m and further having flexibility.
- the “support (substrate) having flexibility” means a support (substrate) having an elastic modulus (E120) at 120 ° C. of 1000 to 6000 N / mm 2 , and such support (substrate).
- a polymer film containing polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate is preferred.
- the “elastic modulus” refers to the slope of the stress relative to the strain amount in a region where the strain indicated by the standard line of the sample conforming to JIS C 2318 and the corresponding stress have a linear relationship using a tensile tester. Is what we asked for. This is a value called Young's modulus, and in the present invention, this Young's modulus is defined as an elastic modulus.
- the support (substrate) used in the present invention preferably has an elastic modulus (E120) at 120 ° C. of 1000 to 6000 N / mm 2 as described above. More preferably, it is 1200 to 5000 N / mm 2 .
- E120 elastic modulus
- a polymer film containing polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate is preferable as described above.
- a radiation image conversion panel also called “scintillator panel”
- the planar light-receiving element surface is bonded together
- the light-receiving surface of the flat panel detector is affected by deformation of the support (substrate) or warping during vapor deposition.
- a radiation image conversion panel also referred to as a “scintillator panel”
- the support (substrate) a polymer film having a thickness of 50 to 500 ⁇ m. It is deformed into a shape that matches the shape of the light receiving element surface, and uniform sharpness is obtained over the entire light receiving surface of the flat panel detector.
- the support may have a resin layer in order to make the surface smooth.
- the resin layer preferably contains a compound such as polyimide, polyethylene phthalate, paraffin, graphite, and the film thickness is preferably about 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. This resin layer may be provided on the surface of the support or on the back surface.
- means for providing an adhesive layer on the surface of the support include means such as a bonding method and a coating method.
- the laminating method is performed using heating and a pressure roller, the heating condition is about 80 to 150 ° C., the pressing condition is 4.90 ⁇ 10 to 2.94 ⁇ 10 2 N / cm, and the conveyance speed is 0.1. ⁇ 2.0 m / s is preferred.
- a method for manufacturing a radiation image conversion panel (also referred to as a “scintillator panel”) uses a vapor deposition apparatus having an evaporation source and a support rotation mechanism in a vacuum vessel, and uses the support as the support rotation mechanism. It is preferable that the method is a manufacturing method in which the phosphor layer is formed by a vapor deposition method including a step of depositing and vapor-depositing the phosphor material while rotating the support.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a manufacturing apparatus 1 for a radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) according to the present invention.
- a radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a vacuum vessel 2, and the vacuum vessel 2 is a vacuum pump for exhausting the inside of the vacuum vessel 2 and introducing the atmosphere. 3 is provided.
- a support holder 5 that holds the support 4 is provided near the upper surface inside the vacuum vessel 2.
- a phosphor layer is formed on the surface of the support 4 by a vapor deposition method.
- a vapor deposition method a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an ion plating method, or the like can be used. In the present invention, the vapor deposition method is particularly preferable.
- the support holder 5 is configured to hold the support 4 so that the surface of the support 4 on which the phosphor layer is formed faces the bottom surface of the vacuum vessel 2 and is parallel to the bottom surface of the vacuum vessel 2. It has become.
- the support holder 5 is preferably provided with a heater (not shown) for heating the support 4.
- a heater not shown for heating the support 4.
- the adhesion of the support 4 to the support holder 5 is enhanced and the film quality of the phosphor layer is adjusted. Further, the adsorbate on the surface of the support 4 is removed and removed, and an impurity layer is prevented from being generated between the surface of the support 4 and the phosphor.
- a heating medium or a mechanism (not shown) for circulating the heating medium may be provided as heating means. This means is suitable for the case where vapor deposition is performed while maintaining the temperature of the support 4 at a relatively low temperature of 50 to 150 ° C. during the vapor deposition of the phosphor.
- a halogen lamp (not shown) may be provided as a heating means. This means is suitable for the case where vapor deposition is performed while maintaining the temperature of the support 4 at a relatively high temperature such as 150 ° C. or higher during the vapor deposition of the phosphor.
- the support holder 5 is provided with a support rotating mechanism 6 that rotates the support 4 in the horizontal direction.
- the support rotating mechanism 6 supports the support holder 5 and rotates the support 4 and a motor (not shown) that is disposed outside the vacuum vessel 2 and serves as a drive source for the support rotating shaft 7. Z).
- evaporation sources 8 a and 8 b are arranged at positions facing each other on the circumference of a circle centering on the center line perpendicular to the support 4.
- the distance between the support 4 and the evaporation sources 8a and 8b is preferably 100 to 1500 mm, and more preferably 200 to 1000 mm.
- the distance between the center line perpendicular to the support 4 and the evaporation sources 8a and 8b is preferably 100 to 1500 mm, more preferably 200 to 1000 mm.
- the radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) manufacturing apparatus it is possible to provide a plurality of three or more evaporation sources, and the respective evaporation sources may be arranged at equal intervals. The intervals may be changed. Further, the radius of a circle centered on the center line perpendicular to the support 4 can be arbitrarily determined.
- the evaporation sources 8a and 8b contain the phosphor and heat it by a resistance heating method. Therefore, the evaporation sources 8a and 8b may be composed of an alumina crucible wound with a heater, a boat or a heater made of a refractory metal. May be. Further, the method of heating the phosphor may be a method such as heating by an electron beam or heating by high frequency induction other than the resistance heating method, but in the present invention, it is relatively easy to handle, inexpensive, and In view of the fact that it can be applied to a large number of substances, a method in which a direct current is passed and resistance heating is performed, and a method in which a crucible is indirectly resistance heated with a surrounding heater is preferable. The evaporation sources 8a and 8b may be molecular beam sources by a molecular source epitaxial method.
- a shutter 9 that blocks the space from the evaporation sources 8a and 8b to the support 4 is provided between the evaporation sources 8a and 8b and the support 4 so as to be openable and closable in the horizontal direction.
- substances other than the target substance attached to the surface of the phosphor can be prevented from evaporating at the initial stage of vapor deposition and adhering to the support 4.
- the support 4 is attached to the support holder 5. Further, in the vicinity of the bottom surface of the vacuum vessel 2, the evaporation sources 8 a and 8 b are arranged on the circumference of a circle centering on the center line perpendicular to the support 4.
- the distance between the support 4 and the evaporation sources 8a and 8b is preferably 100 to 1500 mm, and more preferably 200 to 1000 mm.
- the distance between the center line perpendicular to the support 4 and the evaporation sources 8a and 8b is preferably 100 to 1500 mm, more preferably 200 to 1000 mm.
- the inside of the vacuum vessel 2 is evacuated to a medium vacuum degree of about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 10 Pa.
- the degree of vacuum is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1 Pa. More preferably, after the inside of the apparatus is evacuated to a high vacuum level of about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa, an inert gas such as Ar gas, Ne gas, or N 2 gas is introduced to Use a medium vacuum.
- the support holder 5 is rotated with respect to the evaporation sources 8 a and 8 b by the support rotation mechanism 6, the phosphor is evaporated from the heated evaporation sources 8 a and 8 b, and the phosphor is placed on the surface of the support 4. Grow to desired thickness. Thereby, the water pressure, oxygen partial pressure, etc. in the apparatus can be lowered.
- a rotary pump, a turbo molecular pump, a cryopump, a diffusion pump, a mechanical booster, or the like can be used in appropriate combination.
- the phosphor layer can be formed by performing the process of growing the phosphor on the surface of the support 4 in a plurality of times.
- the vapor deposition target (support 4, protective layer, or intermediate layer) may be cooled or heated as necessary during vapor deposition.
- the phosphor layer may be heat-treated.
- reactive vapor deposition may be performed in which vapor deposition is performed by introducing a gas such as O 2 or H 2 as necessary.
- the thickness of the phosphor layer to be formed is 50 to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 1000 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining the effects of the present invention, although it varies depending on the intended use of the radiation image conversion panel and the kind of the phosphor. More preferably, it is 100 to 800 ⁇ m.
- the temperature of the support 4 on which the phosphor layer is formed is preferably set to room temperature (rt) to 300 ° C., more preferably 50 to 250 ° C.
- the temperature of the support 4 on which the first phosphor layer (underlayer) is formed is preferably set to 80 ° C. or less, and more preferably room temperature (rt).
- the temperature is preferably set to ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the temperature of the support 4 on which the second phosphor layer (phosphor layer on the base layer) is formed is preferably set to 150 to 250 ° C.
- the phosphor layer is physically or chemically protected on the surface of the phosphor layer opposite to the support 4 as necessary.
- a protective layer may be provided.
- the protective layer may be formed by directly applying a coating solution for the protective layer to the surface of the phosphor layer, or a protective layer separately formed in advance may be adhered to the phosphor layer.
- the thickness of these protective layers is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m.
- the protective layer may be formed by laminating inorganic substances such as SiC, SiO 2 , SiN, and Al 2 O 3 by vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like.
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 by providing the plurality of evaporation sources 8a and 8b, the portions where the vapor flows of the evaporation sources 8a and 8b overlap are rectified, The crystallinity of the phosphor deposited on the surface of the support 4 can be made uniform. At this time, as the number of evaporation sources is increased, the vapor flow is rectified at more locations, so that the crystallinity of the phosphor can be made uniform in a wider range.
- the evaporation sources 8a and 8b are disposed on the circumference of a circle having a center line perpendicular to the support 4 as a center, the effect that the crystallinity becomes uniform due to the rectification of the vapor flow is provided. Can be obtained isotropically on the surface.
- the phosphor can be uniformly deposited on the surface of the support 4 by depositing the phosphor while rotating the support 4 by the support rotating mechanism 6.
- the phosphor has a uniform crystallinity on the surface of the support 4.
- the sensitivity unevenness of the phosphor layer is reduced, and the sharpness of the radiation image obtained from the radiation image conversion panel using the radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) according to the present invention is improved.
- the crystallinity of the phosphor is made more uniform, and the radiation image The sharpness of the radiation image obtained from the conversion panel can be improved.
- the support body holder 5 was equipped with the support body rotation mechanism 6, this invention is not necessarily restricted to this, It vapor-deposits in the state which the support body holder 5 hold
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where the phosphor is deposited from the evaporation sources 8a and 8b by moving the support 4 in the horizontal direction with respect to the evaporation sources 8a and 8b.
- a radiological image detector includes a radiographic image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) in which a phosphor layer is provided on a first substrate by a vapor deposition method through a functional layer such as a reflective layer.
- a photoelectric conversion panel comprising a photoelectric conversion element section (“planar light receiving element”) in which pixels composed of a photosensor and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) or a CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) are two-dimensionally arranged on a second substrate. It may be used as a radiation image detector by bonding or intimate contact (see FIG.
- a radiation image detector may be provided by providing a phosphor layer by a vapor deposition method through a functional layer such as a reflective layer or a protective layer.
- the radiation image detector of the present invention has, as a basic configuration, radiation in an aspect including a phosphor layer and a light receiving element (hereinafter referred to as a “planar light receiving element”) in which a plurality of light receiving pixels are arranged two-dimensionally. It needs to be an image detector. As a result, the planar light-receiving element surface converts light emitted from the phosphor layer into electric charges, whereby the image can be converted into digital data.
- the surface average roughness (Ra) of the outermost surface facing the phosphor layer of the planar light-receiving element according to the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 0.5 ⁇ m. For this reason, after forming the light receiving element on the glass surface, it is preferable to form an organic resin film such as polyester or acrylic on the surface, and adjust the surface roughness by a photoetching method so as to satisfy the requirements. .
- the surface average roughness (Ra) of the planar light receiving element is preferably 0.001 to 0.1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.001 to 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the radiological image detector of the present invention preferably has a mode in which a radiographic image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) is pressed against and adhered to a planar light receiving element by an elastic member (eg, sponge, spring, etc.). Further, the radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) is brought into close contact with the planar light receiving element by reducing the gas in the gap between the radiation image converting panel (“scintillator panel”) and the planar light receiving element. It is also preferable that the surface is sealed with a close seal member.
- the close seal member is preferably an ultraviolet curable resin.
- the radiation image conversion panel (“scintillator panel”) has a phosphor layer, and the phosphor layer is in direct contact with the planar light receiving element.
- the ultraviolet curable resin is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from those conventionally used.
- This ultraviolet curable resin contains a photopolymerizable prepolymer, a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator or a photosensitizer.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable prepolymer include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, and polyol acrylate. These photopolymerizable prepolymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable monomer include polymethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, hexanediol (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, Examples include dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, and neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- urethane acrylate as the prepolymer and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate as the monomer.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include acetophenones, benzophenones, ⁇ -amyloxime esters, tetramethylchuram monosulfide, thioxanthones, and the like. Further, n-butylamine, triethylamine, poly-n-butylphosphine and the like can be mixed and used as a photosensitizer.
- phosphor layer A phosphor base compound (CsI: no activator) and an activator (TlI) are deposited on the protective layer side of the substrate using the deposition apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and the phosphor layer (phosphor layer) is as follows. Formed.
- the phosphor base compound (CsI: no activator) is filled into two resistance heating crucibles, and the activator (TlI) is filled into one resistance heating crucible, and the substrate is placed on the metal frame of the rotating substrate holder.
- the distance between the substrate and the evaporation source was adjusted to 400 mm.
- the inside of the vapor deposition apparatus was once evacuated, Ar gas was introduced and the degree of vacuum was adjusted to 0.5 Pa, and then the substrate was rotated at a speed of 6 rpm. At this time, the temperature of the substrate was 20 ° C.
- the resistance heating crucible of the phosphor host compound (CsI: no activator) was heated to deposit the phosphor, thereby forming a first layer (first phosphor layer: base layer) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m. At this time, the temperature of the substrate was 40 ° C. Next, heating of the substrate was started, and after the substrate temperature reached 200 ° C., the temperature was maintained at 200 ° C.
- the phosphor compound (CsI: activator TlI) was filled in a resistance heating crucible, and the substrate was placed on a metal frame of a rotating substrate holder, and the distance between the substrate and the evaporation source was adjusted to 400 mm.
- the inside of the vapor deposition apparatus was once evacuated, Ar gas was introduced and the degree of vacuum was adjusted to 0.5 Pa, and then the substrate was rotated at a speed of 6 rpm. At this time, the temperature of the substrate was set to 200 ° C.
- the resistance heating crucible of the phosphor compound (CsI: TlI) is heated to deposit the phosphor.
- the phosphor layer has a layer thickness of 400 ⁇ m
- the deposition is terminated, and the phosphor layer (CsI: A radiation image conversion panel in which 0.003 Tl; Tl was 0.3 mol%) was obtained.
- the prepared radiation conversion panel was embedded in a resin, and the orientation of the phosphor layer in the layer thickness direction was measured by XRD measurement as follows.
- X'Pert PRO MPD irradiation system: target Cu, output 40 mA, 45 kV
- PANalytical PANalytical
- XRD measurement on the substrate side of the phosphor layer was performed.
- a radiation image conversion panel (also referred to as “scintillator panel”) is set on a CMOS flat panel (X-ray CMOS camera system Shad-o-Box 4KEV manufactured by Radicon) having a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- CMOS flat panel X-ray CMOS camera system Shad-o-Box 4KEV manufactured by Radicon
- the measurement count value was defined as emission luminance (sensitivity).
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Abstract
Description
本発明の放射線画像変換パネルは、基板上に蛍光体層を有する放射線画像変換パネルであって、蛍光体層は蛍光体母体化合物と賦活剤とから気相堆積法により形成された蛍光体柱状結晶で構成され、当該蛍光体層の外に、目的に応じて、後述するような各種機能層を設けた構成とすることが好ましい。
本発明に係る蛍光体層(「蛍光体層」ともいう。)には、従来公知の種々の蛍光体母体化合物を用いることができるが、当該蛍光体層の蛍光体母体化合物が、立方晶系のアルカリハライド蛍光体化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る蛍光体層は、蛍光体母体化合物と賦活剤とから気相堆積法により形成された蛍光体柱状結晶で構成され、かつ当該蛍光体柱状結晶の一定の面指数を有する面のX線回折スペクトルに基づく配向度が、当該蛍光体柱状結晶の基板に近い根元から当該蛍光体層の層厚方向の位置に係わらず、80~100%の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
関係式:0.01<(下地層の層厚/蛍光体層の層厚)<0.5
本発明においては、下地層も、蛍光体層と同様に気相堆積法により形成することが好ましい。蒸着法等の気相堆積法により形成した場合に、下地層は一般に直径数μmの球状結晶の凝集体からなるか、あるいは柱状結晶構造を有している。
〈配向度の決定方法〉
配向度の決定には、X線回折(XRD)を用いた。X線回折は、特定波長の固有X線を結晶性物質に照射し、Braggの式を満足する回折が起こることを利用して、物質の同定、結晶相の構造などに関する知見を得ることのできる汎用性の高い分析手法である。照射系のターゲットはCu、Fe、Coなどが用いられ、装置能力によるが、一般的に照射時の出力は0~50mA、0~50kV程度である。
本発明においては、支持体(基板)上には反射層(「金属反射層」ともいう。)を設けてもよい。当該反射層は、蛍光体(シンチレータ)から発した光を反射して、光の取り出し効率を高めるためのものである。当該反射層は、Al,Ag,Cr,Cu,Ni,Ti,Mg,Rh,Pt及びAuからなる元素群の中から選ばれるいずれかの元素を含む材料により形成されることが好ましい。
本発明に係る放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」ともいう。)においては、上記反射層の上に金属保護層をもうけてもよい。
本発明においては、支持体(基板)と下地層の間、又は反射層と下地層の間に膜付の観点から、下引き層を設けても良い。当該下引き層は、高分子結合材(バインダー)、分散剤等を含有することが好ましい。なお、下引き層の厚さは、0.5~4μmが好ましい。以下、下引き層の構成要素について説明する。
本発明に係る下引き層は、溶剤に溶解又は分散した高分子結合材(以下「バインダー」ともいう。)を塗布、乾燥して形成することが好ましい。高分子結合材としては、具体的には、ポリウレタン、塩化ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル-塩化ビニリデン共重合体、塩化ビニル-アクリロニトリル共重合体、ブタジエン-アクリロニトリル共重合体、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリエステル、セルロース誘導体(ニトロセルロース等)、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体、各種の合成ゴム系樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、尿素樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、シリコン樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、尿素ホルムアミド樹脂等が挙げられる。なかでもポリウレタン、ポリエステル、塩化ビニル系共重合体、ポリビニルブチラール、ニトロセルロースを使用することが好ましい。
本発明に係る保護層は、蛍光体層の保護を主眼とするものである。すなわち、ヨウ化セシウム(CsI)は、吸湿性が高く露出したままにしておくと空気中の水蒸気を吸湿して潮解してしまうため、これを防止することを主眼とする。
本発明においては、支持体(「基板」ともいう。)としては、石英ガラスシート、アルミニウム、鉄、スズ、クロムなどからなる金属シート、炭素繊維強化シート、高分子フィルムなどが好ましい。
本発明に係る放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」ともいう。)の製造方法は、真空容器内に蒸発源及び支持体回転機構を有する蒸着装置を用いて、支持体を前記支持体回転機構に設置して、当該支持体を回転しながら蛍光体材料を蒸着する工程を含む気相堆積法により、蛍光体層を形成する態様の製造方法であることが好ましい。
図1は、本発明に係る放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」)の製造装置1の概略構成図である。図1に示すように、放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」)の製造装置1は真空容器2を備えており、真空容器2には真空容器2の内部の排気及び大気の導入を行う真空ポンプ3が備えられている。
次に、上述の放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」)製造装置1を用いた本発明の放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」)の製造方法について説明する。
本発明に係る放射線画像検出器は、第1の基板上に反射層等の機能層を介して気相堆積法により蛍光体層を設けてなる放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」)に、第2の基板上にフォトセンサとTFT(Thin Film Transistor)又はCCD(Charge Coupled Devices)からなる画素を2次元状に配置した光電変換素子部(「平面受光素子」)を設けてなる光電変換パネルを接着あるいは密着させることで放射線画像検出器としてもよいし(図2参照)、基板上にフォトセンサとTFT又はCCDからなる画素を2次元状に配置した光電変換素子部を形成した後、直接あるいは反射層、保護層等の機能層を介して気相堆積法により蛍光体層を設けることで放射線画像検出器としても良い。
(蛍光体層の形成)
基板の保護層側に蛍光体母体化合物(CsI:賦活剤なし)及び賦活剤(TlI)を図1に示した蒸着装置を使用して蒸着させ、次のように蛍光体層(蛍光体層)を形成した。
(蛍光体層の形成)
基板の保護層側に蛍光体化合物(CsI:賦活剤TlI)を図1に示した蒸着装置を使用して蒸着させ、次のように蛍光体層を形成した。
作製した放射線変換パネルを樹脂包埋し、次のように蛍光体層の層厚方向における配向をXRD測定によって測定した。XRD測定にはPANalytical製X’Pert PRO MPD(照射系:ターゲットCu、出力40mA、45kV)を用いた。
放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」ともいう。)を、10cm×10cmの大きさのCMOSフラットパネル(ラドアイコン社製X線CMOSカメラシステムShad-o-Box 4KEV)にセットして放射線画像検出器として、管電圧80kVpのX線を各試料の裏面(蛍光体層が形成されていない面)から照射し、測定カウント値を発光輝度(感度)とした。ただし、比較例の放射線画像変換パネル(「シンチレータパネル」ともいう。)の発光輝度を1.0とする相対値で表す。
2 真空容器
3 真空ポンプ
4 支持体
5 支持体ホルダ
6 支持体回転機構
7 支持体回転軸
8 蒸発源
9 シャッタ
A 放射線画像検出器
1A 回路基板
2A 光電変換素子アレイ
3A 保護膜
4A 蛍光体層
5A 下引き層
6A 光反射層
7A 支持体
1B 基板
2B 蛍光体柱状結晶
Claims (6)
- 基板上に蛍光体層を有する放射線画像変換パネルであって、当該蛍光体層が蛍光体母体化合物と賦活剤とから気相堆積法により形成された蛍光体柱状結晶で構成され、かつ当該蛍光体柱状結晶の一定の面指数を有する面のX線回折スペクトルに基づく配向度が、当該蛍光体層における蛍光体柱状結晶の基板に近い根元から先端部までの層厚方向の位置に係わらず、80~100%の範囲内であることを特徴とする放射線画像変換パネル。
- 前記一定の面指数が、(200)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線画像変換パネル。
- 前記蛍光体柱状結晶の蛍光体母体化合物が、立方晶系のアルカリハライド蛍光体化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の放射線画像変換パネル。
- 前記蛍光体柱状結晶の蛍光体母体化合物が、ヨウ化セシウムであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像変換パネル。
- 前記蛍光体柱状結晶が、賦活剤として、タリウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の放射線画像変換パネル。
- 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像変換パネルに対向して光電変換素子が配設されていることを特徴とする放射線画像検出器。
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US13/574,447 US8552393B2 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-01-11 | Radiation image conversion panel and radiation image detector using same |
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JP2013246078A (ja) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-09 | Fujifilm Corp | 放射線画像検出装置 |
JP2014009992A (ja) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-20 | Fujifilm Corp | 放射線画像検出装置 |
EP2703845A2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-05 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Scintillator plate and radiation detection panel |
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JP2016050873A (ja) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-04-11 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | シンチレータパネル及び放射線検出器ならびにシンチレータパネルの製造方法及び放射線検出器の製造方法 |
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WO2017077763A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 放射線像変換パネル、放射線像変換パネルの製造方法、放射線イメージセンサ及び放射線イメージセンサの製造方法 |
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JPWO2011089946A1 (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
US8552393B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
JP5862302B2 (ja) | 2016-02-16 |
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