WO2011088745A1 - 一种眼科外用抗细菌感染药物 - Google Patents
一种眼科外用抗细菌感染药物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011088745A1 WO2011088745A1 PCT/CN2011/000083 CN2011000083W WO2011088745A1 WO 2011088745 A1 WO2011088745 A1 WO 2011088745A1 CN 2011000083 W CN2011000083 W CN 2011000083W WO 2011088745 A1 WO2011088745 A1 WO 2011088745A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/132—Amines having two or more amino groups, e.g. spermidine, putrescine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/136—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline having the amino group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. benzeneamine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/02—Local antiseptics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to medical preparations, in particular to external medicines for ophthalmology against bacterial infections. Background technique
- Staphylococcus epidermidis ranks first.
- Contemporary medicine confirms that because of the existence of the human blood-eye barrier, it is difficult to apply systemic medication to local bacterial infections of the eye.
- the topical antibacterial drugs in the eye are effective ways to prevent local infection of the eye.
- commonly used ophthalmic anti-infectives such as tobramycin eye drops, ofloxacin eye drops, levofloxacin eye drops, etc., because the intraocular permeability is not so good, the drug concentration in the eye tissue often fails to be effective.
- Sterilization concentration Chloramphenicol eye drops have good penetrability, but there is a paralysis that causes aplastic anemia.
- a more serious problem is that many of the eye infection pathogens represented by Staphylococcus epidermidis have developed resistance to the currently used ocular anti-infective drugs, which makes the efficacy low or even ineffective. Therefore, clinical medicine requires a new type of ophthalmic anti-bacterial infection for external use with good curative effect, few side effects, strong intraocular penetration, stable nature, and no drug resistance.
- Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolone antibacterial agent. It is currently available in the form of intravenous injections and oral tablets for the treatment of systemic infections such as sepsis and pneumonia caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The effect is good. As described above, systemic administration of linezolid has no effect on local infection of the eye due to the blood-eye barrier, and systemic use of linezolid produces a series of toxic side effects. To date, there has been no report that linezolid is prepared as an external preparation for eyes. The linezolid intravenous injections and oral tablets currently in use cannot be directly or ocularly applied for ocular external application.
- the reason why the tablet can not be used for ophthalmology is obvious; the reason why the intravenous solution can not be used for eye treatment is that the pH value is low, and the direct eye drops are irritating, which not only causes eye pain, tearing, but also conjunctival and corneal damage; Does not be isotonic, will cause local dehydration or edema; 3 does not contain preservatives, is easily contaminated by bacteria when used repeatedly, leading to repeated infection of the eye.
- the osmotic pressure of the eye drops should be close to the tear liquid phase, equivalent to 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
- the osmotic pressure range is equivalent to 0. 6 ⁇ 2. 0% sodium chloride solution.
- Hypertonic dehydration of the eye, hypotonic edema of the eye. Hypertonic or hypotonic will also stimulate the secretion of tears, dilute and wash away the eye drops; 4 suitable viscosity.
- the viscosity of the ophthalmic formulation is related to the residence time of the drug in the conjunctival sac, its bioavailability of the drug, and irritation to the eye.
- a suitable viscosity is 40 to 50 centipoise.
- the viscous agent selected for adjusting the viscosity of the preparation should have suitable transmittance and refractive index; 5 Formulation and process should be achieved: The bacteriostatic agent and other excipients used do not undergo physical and chemical reaction with linezolid, which affects the curative effect; Conducive to the stability of linezolid, so that the preparation can be stored for a long time; Formulation and preparation process to ensure that there is no visible foreign matter in the preparation; low irritation to the eye, to avoid the secretion of large amounts of tears. Summary of the invention
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of most of the drugs for treating local bacterial infection diseases in the eye, and to provide a local treatment effect, strong intraocular penetration, stable nature, small toxic and side effects, and mainly drugs.
- the present invention is implemented as follows:
- the different excipients can be separately prepared into eye drops, ophthalmic gels, eye ointments or any of the pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms suitable for topical application to the eye.
- Excipients and their dosages for the three basic dosage forms of eye drops, ophthalmic gels and eye ointments are as follows.
- the raw material component for making the linezolid eye drops further includes a bacteriostatic agent.
- the bacteriostatic agent is any common bacteriostatic agent other than phenylmercuric nitrate, and is any one of thiomersal, quaternary ammonium salt, dumifen, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol, paraben, or sorbic acid or any of the above varieties. combination.
- Representative varieties of quaternary ammonium bacteriostatic agents such as benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide; parabens such as hydroxyphenylethyl ester. 002 ⁇ 0. 5: 0. 1 ⁇ 1.
- the raw material component for the manufacture of linezolid eye drops also includes a thickener.
- the thickener is any one of hypromellose, methylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or any combination of the above; the thickener is used in the same amount as the campazone
- the pH adjusting agent is any one of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium citrate, citric acid, boric acid, borax or any combination of the above.
- the osmotic pressure ratio of the eye drops is adjusted to 0. 90 ⁇
- the raw material component of the linezolid ophthalmic gel further includes a bacteriostatic agent.
- the bacteriostatic agent is any common bacteriostatic agent other than phenylmercuric nitrate, and is any one of the thiomersal, the quaternary ammonium salt, the domiphene, the chlorhexidine, the chlorobutanol, the paraben, the sorbic acid or the above-mentioned variety. random combination.
- Representative varieties of quaternary ammonium bacteriostatic agents such as benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide; parabens such as hydroxyphenylethyl ester. 002 ⁇ 0. 5: 0. 1 ⁇ 1. 0 ⁇
- the raw material component of the linezolid ophthalmic gel further comprises a thickener; the thickener is selected from the group consisting of hypromellose, methylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl ⁇ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0:0. 1 ⁇ 1. 0.
- the thickener is selected from the group consisting of hypromellose, methylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl ⁇ 5 5 5
- the pH of the finished drug is adjusted using a pH adjusting agent of 5. 5 to 7. 5.
- the pH adjusting agent is any one of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium citrate, citric acid, boric acid, borax or any combination of the above.
- the amount of linezolid per 100 parts by weight of the ointment is 0.1 to 1.
- the raw material components further include the following varieties and amounts of excipients: anhydrous lanolin 8 ⁇ 15 parts by weight, 2 to 10 parts by weight of liquid paraffin, and 75 to 95 parts by weight of yellow petrolatum.
- the medicament of the invention has small toxic and side effects, and is suitable for treating and preventing local bacterial infection diseases of the eye including conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer, ulceris, eye trauma, chemical injury, infection after eye surgery and the like. detailed description
- the variety of accessory materials for preparing the linezolid eye drops is not limited to the above-mentioned varieties, and the following various options are also available:
- Bacteriostatic agents Any bacteriostatic agent known in pharmacy other than phenylmercuric nitrate may be used in an amount conventionally used in pharmacy. For example, 1 thiomersal 0. 002% ⁇ 0. 005% (volume-% by weight, ie, grams per 100 ml, the same below); 2 quaternary ammonium salts (including benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide), dumifen 002% ⁇ 0. 01%; 3 Alcohols, commonly used chlorobutanol 0. 3 ⁇ 0. 6%; 4 Nipagins, commonly used hydroxyethyl ester, concentration 0 01 ⁇ 0. 08% ⁇ 0. 01 ⁇ 0. 08%.
- Thickener Any thickening agent commonly used in pharmacy, such as hypromellose, methyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or any combination of the above varieties may be used. Different polymerization degrees can be used to finally make the viscosity of the eye drops reach 40 ⁇ 50 centipoise.
- Adjusting the pH using a pH adjusting agent is finished ophthalmic solution 5 5. 5 ⁇ 7;.
- the pH adjusting agent is sodium hydroxide, any one of hydrochloric acid, sodium citrate, citrate auxiliary acid, boric acid, borax Or any combination of the varieties.
- the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing and thickening the thickener with water for injection, dissolving the pH adjuster, sodium chloride and bacteriostatic agent with water for injection, stirring and filtering, combining the two liquids, adding the water for injection to the whole amount, and then using the same The solution dissolves the entire amount of linezolid, and is filtered and dispensed.
- Example 4-6 Preparation of Linezolid Ophthalmic Gel Raw Material Composition and Dosage
- the variety of excipients which can be used for preparing the linezolid ophthalmic gel is not limited to the varieties listed in the above table, and the following various options are also available:
- the selection and dosage of the bacteriostatic agents are the same as those in Examples 1 to 3.
- the thickener is selected from the group consisting of hypromellose, methylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carbomer, chondroitin sulfate or the like Any combination of varieties; 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ : 0. 1-1. 0 ⁇ The amount of the thickener and linezolid is 0. 5 ⁇ 5 grams: 0. 1-1. 0 grams.
- the pH adjuster is any one of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium citrate, citric acid, boric acid, borax, using a pH adjusting agent to adjust the pH of the finished eye drops. Any combination of species or species.
- the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving the thickener in water for injection to disperse and letting it cool, and further dissolving the pH adjuster and the bacteriostatic agent in water for injection, dissolving the linezolid with the solution, adding the thickener which has been dissolved, and supplementing Water for injection to the required volume, aseptically dispensed, that is.
- Example 7-9 Preparation of ingredients and dosage of linezolid eye ointment
- the 0.02% linezolid eye drops prepared according to the method of Example 2 of the present invention were subjected to ocular pharmacokinetic experiments.
- Healthy New Zealand rabbits male and female were used as experimental animals for single administration (30 ⁇ l of aqueous humor at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 210, 270, 360, 480 min after administration) And multiple times (continuous administration for 7 days, 4 times a day, every 6 hours. Take water 30 ⁇ 1 before the last dose on the 6th day, before the 1st and 2nd dose on the 7th day) After the third administration, 30 ⁇ l of aqueous humor was taken at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 210, 270, 360, 480 min. After administration, the aqueous humor samples were determined by LC-MS.
- the C-plate of linezolid in the aqueous humor was 38. 754 ⁇ 9. 426 ⁇ 8 / ⁇ 1 ; 102. 00 soil 12. 55 min; T 2 was 81. 52 ⁇ 13. 64 min; AUd t 5179. 60 ⁇ 1881.
- Table -1 Main pharmacokinetic parameters for single-dose and multi-dose administration
- FI (%) 95.7 ⁇ 9.5 Preparation of tissue samples: Animals were sacrificed by gas embolization 2.5 hours after the last eye drop, then the corneal epithelium was scraped off with a blade, the conjunctival sac was washed with saline, aqueous humor was taken, and the conjunctival sac was sucked with a cotton swab.
- Linezolid is widely distributed in all major tissues of the eye, with the highest concentration in the conjunctiva, cornea and iris. After administration for 60 min, 120 min and 240 min, the concentration in the cornea was 673.59 ⁇ 388. 78 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ , 519. 32 ⁇ 289. 80 ⁇ g/g and 265.75 ⁇ 51.67 g/ g.
- Table 2 The distribution concentration of the main tissues of the eye after single dose administration of linezolid eye drops is shown in Table 2.
- Table-2 Distribution concentration of main tissues of the eye after single dose administration of linezolid eye drops 60rain 120min 240min cornea (g/g) 673. 59 ⁇ 388 ⁇ 78 519. 32 ⁇ 289. 80 265. 75 ⁇ 51. 67 Conjunctiva ( g/g) 699. 58 ⁇ 398. 76 349. 31 ⁇ 153. 49 319. 84 ⁇ 189. 27 Iris ( g / g ) 260. 08 ⁇ 116. 64 109. 42 ⁇ 26. 10 207. 36 ⁇ 169. 28 Retina ( g/g) 131. 25 ⁇ 123 ⁇ 22 87. 79 ⁇ 53 ⁇ 82 15. 73 ⁇ 8.
- the 0.1% linezolid eye drops prepared according to the method of the present invention and the ofloxacin eye drops were subjected to an in vitro and in vivo antibacterial comparison test.
- Simultaneous inflammation score grade 0: bright and no secretions; 0. 5: no secretions covered, slightly red eyes; grade 1: secretion coverage less than 6 hidden; level 2: secretion covered with 6mm ; level 3 : The secretion covers more than 6mm.
- results In vitro tests showed that the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of linezolid against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was 2.0, 1. 0, 2. 0, l.
- the range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 0. 25 ⁇ 8, 0. 06 ⁇ 8, 0. 5 ⁇ >8, ⁇ 0. 12 ⁇ 2 ⁇ g/mL.
- In vivo antibacterial tests showed that after treatment of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the results of 3d scoring of linezolid were significantly different from those of untreated *f group. 5d bacterial culture The conversion rate is 100%. Corneal pathology results showed that the wound marks healed well.
- In vivo test 4 kinds of bacteria infected with rabbit eyes 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, mild conjunctival redness and swelling of the eye, severe systemic poor condition with conjunctival redness and congestion, corneal edema thickening, a large number of secretions yellow-white, will stick the upper and lower eyelids , eyes closed. The rating is 1. 5 ⁇ 3.
- Bacterial culture results Four kinds of bacterial cultures were positive for corneal secretion before administration, and 100% of corneal secretions treated with linezolid eye drops were 100%.
- linezolid eye drops were significantly different for 4, 5 days after administration of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection groups (P ⁇ 0. 01).
- Pathological section The structure of the cornea in the treatment group of linezolid eye drops was almost complete, the surface of the wound was covered by the stratified squamous epithelium, the fibrous tissue was proliferated in the wound, the wound was healed, and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.
- Linezolid eye drops are sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- the therapeutic effect of rabbit keratitis is better.
- the inventors also verified the efficacy of the linezolid ophthalmic gel and eye ointment prepared according to the technical scheme of the present invention: Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the application of ophthalmic gel and ointment results and application of eye drops Similar to liquid, the concentration of linezolid in the eye is also high, especially in the conjunctiva, cornea and iris, and the concentration of linezolid in the tissues at different time points after application of ophthalmic gel and eye ointment. Also higher than eye drops.
- linezolid ophthalmic gel and eye ointment In vitro antibacterial tests of linezolid ophthalmic gel and eye ointment showed that linezolid was more sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the antibacterial test in vivo also indicated that it was golden yellow. Rabbit keratitis caused by Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae has obvious therapeutic effects.
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Description
一种眼科外用抗细菌感染药物 技术领域
本发明涉及医用配制品, 尤其是眼科抗细菌感染的外用药。 背景技术
眼的局部细菌性感染, 包括结膜炎、 角膜炎、 角膜溃疡、 虹膜炎、 眼部创伤、 化学伤、 眼手术后感染等病种。 其病原菌多为铜绿假单孢菌和革兰阳性球菌, 如 表皮葡萄球菌、 腐生葡萄球菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌和淋球菌等。 其中表皮葡萄球菌 占首位。
当代医学确认, 因为人体 "血-眼 障"的存在, 对眼的局部细菌性感染实行 全身性用药很难起作用, 在眼局部外用抗菌药物才是抗眼局部感染的有效途径。 目前常用的眼科抗感染药如妥布霉素滴眼液、 氧氟沙星滴眼液、 左氧氟沙星滴眼 液等, 由于眼内通透性不太好, 眼组织内药物浓度常达不到有效杀菌浓度; 氯霉 素滴眼液穿透性较好, 但有引起再生障碍性贫血之虞。 更为严重的问题是, 以表 皮葡萄球菌为代表的眼部感染病原菌, 很多已对目前常用的眼部抗感染药物产生 了耐药性, 使疗效低下甚至无效。 因此, 临床医疗非常需要疗效好、 副作用少、 眼内穿透力强、 性质稳定、 没有耐药性的新品种眼科抗细菌感染外用药。
利奈唑胺(Linezolid)是合成的噁唑酮类抗菌药, 目前有静脉注射液和口服片 剂两种剂型, 用于治疗耐万古霉素的屎肠球菌所致的败血症、 肺炎等系统感染, 效果良好。 如上所述, 由于血眼屏障的原因, 利奈唑胺的全身性用药对于眼的局 部感染也没有什么效果, 而且, 利奈唑胺的全身应用还会产生一系列毒副作用。 迄今为止, 还没有将利奈唑胺制作为眼部外用制剂的报道。 目前在用的利奈唑胺 静脉注射液和口服片剂都不能直接或经简单加工后作眼部外用。 其中片剂不可眼 用是显而易见的; 静脉注射液也不能眼用的原因是, ① pH值低, 直接滴眼刺激性 大, 不但引起眼部疼痛、 流泪, 还会造成结膜、 角膜损伤; ②不等渗, 会使眼局 部脱水或水肿; ③不含防腐剂, 在多次使用时易被细菌污染, 导致眼部重复感染。
将利奈唑胺配制成眼科外用制剂需要达到一系列特定要求, 如: ①抑菌。 眼
外用剂因为是多剂量包装, 重复使用, 使用过程中容易受污染, 所以要配加抑菌 剂, 抑菌剂能将病原菌杀死或抑制它的生长、 繁殖; ②合适的酸碱度。 PH7. 4的滴 眼剂对眼睛的剌激性最小, pH6〜8时无不舒适感觉, 正常眼可耐受 pH5〜9, 而如 pH<5或 pH> 11. 4则有明显的刺激性。 需要在维持利奈唑胺稳定性的前提下, 调 整药液适宜的 pH值: ③合适的渗透压。 滴眼液的渗透压应与泪液相接近, 相当于 0. 9%氯化钠溶液。眼在没有创伤的情况下, 能适应的渗透压范围相当于 0. 6〜2. 0% 氯化钠溶液。 高渗使眼部脱水, 低渗使眼部水肿。 高渗或低渗还会刺激泪液分泌, 将滴眼液稀释并冲冼掉; ④合适的粘度。 眼用制剂的粘度关系到药物在结膜囊内 的滞留时间、 其药物生物利用度和对眼部的刺激性。 适合的粘度为 40〜50厘泊。 为调整制剂粘度所选用的粘稠剂要有合适的透光度、 折光率; ⑤配方和工艺还要 达到: 所用抑菌剂及其他辅料不与利奈唑胺发生理化反应, 影响疗效; 所用辅料 有利于利奈唑胺的稳定, 使制剂能长期保存; 配方和配制工艺要保证制剂中无可 见异物; 对眼部低刺激性, 避免泪液大量分泌。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服目前治疗眼局部细菌感染性疾病的药物大多已产生耐 药性的缺点, 提供一种局部治疗效果好、 眼内穿透力强、 性质稳定、 毒副作用小、 药物主要在局部起作用的眼局部细菌感染性疾病治疗的药物制剂。
本发明是这样实现的:
以利奈唑胺为药效原料, 配以眼局部可以接受的、 药剂学上所说的制剂辅料 所制备成的药剂, 每 100克药剂中利奈唑胺的含量为 0. 1〜1. 0克。 选择不同的辅 料可以分别制成滴眼液、 眼用凝胶、 眼药膏或药剂学上所说任何一种适于眼局部 外用的剂型。
滴眼液、 眼用凝胶、 眼药膏三种基本剂型可选用的辅料及其用量如下。
(一)滴眼液 、
制作利奈唑胺滴眼液的原料组分还包括抑菌剂。 抑菌剂为除硝酸苯汞以外的 任何常用抑菌剂, 为硫柳汞、 季铵盐类、 杜米芬、 冼必泰、 三氯叔丁醇、 尼泊金 、 三梨酸中任何一种或所述品种的任意组合。 季铵盐类抑菌剂的代表品种如苯 扎氯铵、 苯扎溴铵; 尼泊金类如羟苯乙酯等。 抑菌剂的用量以与利奈唑胺的重量 比表示为, 抑菌剂:利奈唑胺 = 0. 002〜0. 5 : 0. 1〜1. 0。
制作利奈唑胺滴眼液的原料组分还包括增稠剂。 增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素、 甲 基纤维素、 透明质酸钠、 聚乙烯醇、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮中任何一种或所述品种的任 意组合; 增稠剂的用量以与利奈唑胺的重量比表示为, 增稠剂:利奈唑胺 = 0. 1〜
0. 5 : 0. 1〜1. 0。
当制作利奈唑胺滴眼液时,使用 pH调节剂调节成品药剂的 pH值为 5. 5〜7. 5。 所述 pH调节剂为氢氧化钠、 盐酸、 枸椽酸钠、 枸掾酸、 硼酸、 硼砂中的任何一种 或所述品种的任意组合。
当制作利奈唑胺滴眼液时, 使用氯化钠调节滴眼液的渗透压比值为 0. 90〜
1. 10。
(二) 眼用凝胶
制作利奈唑胺眼用凝胶的原料组分还包括抑菌剂。 抑菌剂为除硝酸苯汞以外 的任何常用抑菌剂, 为硫柳汞、 季铵盐类、 杜米芬、 冼必泰、 三氯叔丁醇、 尼泊 金类、 三梨酸中任何一种或所述品种的任意组合。 季铵盐类抑菌剂的代表品种如 苯扎氯铰、 苯扎溴铵; 尼泊金类如羟苯乙酯等。 抑菌剂的用量以与利奈唑胺的重 量比表示为, 抑菌剂:利奈唑胺 = 0. 002〜0. 5 : 0. 1〜1. 0。
制作利奈唑胺眼用凝胶的原料组分还包括增稠剂; 增稠剂选自羟丙甲纤维素、 甲基纤维素、 透明质酸钠、 聚乙烯醇、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 羧甲基纤维素、 卡波姆、 硫酸软骨素的一种或所述品种的任意组合; 增稠剂的用量以与利奈唑胺的重量比 表示为, 增稠剂:利奈唑胺 = 0. 5〜5. 0 :0. 1〜1. 0。
当制作利奈唑胺眼用凝胶时, 使用 PH调节剂调节成品药剂的 pH值为 5. 5〜 7. 5。 所述 pH调节剂为氢氧化钠、 盐酸、 枸橼酸钠、 枸掾酸、 硼酸、 硼砂中的任 何一种或所述品种的任意组合。
(三) 眼药膏 '
当所制作的剂型为眼药膏,每 100重量份的药膏中利奈唑胺的用量为 0. 1〜1. 0 重量份时, 原料组分还包括以下品种和用量的辅料: 无水羊毛脂 8〜15重量份、 液状石蜡 2〜10重量份、 黄凡士林 75〜95重量份。
兔动物实验表明, 本发明以利奈唑胺为药效原料制备的滴眼液、 眼用凝胶、 眼膏剂具有良好的眼内穿透性, 在房水、 角膜、 结膜、 玻璃体中均可以达到有效 的治疗浓度。 通过大鼠动物模型观察, 按本发明方法制作的眼局部外用利奈唑胺 制剂可以明显地抑制或杀灭细菌的生长, 可用于治疗由需氧的革兰阳性菌引起的
感染, 以及一些革兰阴性菌和厌氧菌感染。 时间-杀菌曲线研究表明, 利奈唑胺为 大多数链球菌的杀菌剂, 肠球菌和葡萄球菌的抑菌剂。 本发明药物毒副作用小, 适用于治疗及预防包括结膜炎、 角膜炎、 角膜溃疡、 虹膜炎、 眼部创伤、 化学伤、 眼手术后感染等病种在内的眼局部细菌感染性疾病。 具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例 1-3 制备利奈唑胺滴眼液原料组分和用量
按本发明技术方案, 配制利奈唑胺滴眼液可选用的辅料品种不限于上表万列 品种, 还可以有以下多种选择:
抑菌剂: 可选用除硝酸苯汞以外, 药剂学上所称的任何抑菌剂, 其用量按药 剂学上常规剂量。 如, ①硫柳汞 0. 002%〜0. 005% (容积-重量百分比, 即每百毫升 含有克数, 下同) ; ②季铵盐类 (包括苯扎氯铵、 苯扎溴铵) 、 杜米芬、 冼必泰 等, 有效浓度为 0. 002%〜0. 01%; ③醇类, 常用三氯叔丁醇 0. 3〜0. 6%; ④尼泊金 类, 常用羟苯乙酯, 浓度 0. 03〜0. 06%; ⑤酸类, 如三梨酸, 浓度为 0. 01〜0. 08%。
增稠剂: 可以采用药剂学上常用的增稠剂, 如羟丙甲纤维素、 甲基纤维素、 透明质酸钠、 聚乙烯醇、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等任何一种或所述品种的任意组合, 可 采用不同聚合度, 最终使滴眼液的黏度达到 40〜50厘泊。
使用 pH调节剂调节成品滴眼液的 pH值为 5. 5〜7. 5;所述 pH调节剂为氢氧化 钠、 盐酸、 枸橼酸钠、 枸掾酸、 硼酸、 硼砂中的任何一种或所述品种的任意组合。
制备方法为将增稠剂用注射用水使其分散放冷,另用注射用水溶解 pH调节剂、 氯化钠、 抑菌剂, 搅匀过滤, 合并二液, 加注射用水至全量, 再用此溶液溶解利 奈唑胺全量, 过滤, 分装, 即得。 实施例 4-6 制备利奈唑胺眼用凝胶原料组分和用量
按本发明技术方案,配制利奈唑胺眼用凝胶可选用的辅料品种不限于上表 所列品种, 还可以有以下多种选择:
其中, 抑菌剂的品种选择和用量同实施例 1〜3。
增稠剂选自羟丙甲纤维素、 甲基纤维素、 透明质酸钠、 聚乙烯醇、 聚乙烯吡 咯垸酮、 羧甲基纤维素、 卡波姆、 硫酸软骨素的一种或所述品种的任意组合; 所
述增稠剂与利奈唑胺的用量比为 0. 5〜5克: 0. 1-1. 0克。
使用 pH调节剂调节成品滴眼液的 pH值为 5. 5〜7. 5;所述 pH调节剂为氢氧化 钠、.盐酸、 枸橼酸钠、 枸掾酸、 硼酸、 硼砂中的任何一种或所述品种的任意组合。
制备方法为先用注射用水溶解增稠剂使其分散放冷, 另用注射用水溶解 pH调 节剂、 抑菌剂, 用此溶液溶解利奈唑胺, 再加已溶解好的增稠剂, 补加注射用水 至所需体积, 无菌分装, 即得。 实施例 7-9 制备利奈唑胺眼药膏原料组分和用量
取利奈唑胺, 加入适量经灭菌、 冷却的液状石蜡, 研磨成细糊状, 过 200 目筛, 再逐渐加入无菌、 滤过的羊毛脂、 黄凡士林混合物, 混匀, 即得。 所用制备器具 及包装容器均须灭菌。 实验例 1 利奈唑胺滴眼液的药代动力学实验
对按本发明实施例 2方法制备的 0. 2%利奈唑胺滴眼液做眼部的药代动力学实 验。
以健康新西兰兔(雌雄各半)为实验动物, 单次给药(于给药后 20、 40、 60、 80、 100、 120、 150、 210、 270、 360、 480 min抽取房水 30 μ 1 ) 及多次 (连续给 药 7天, 每天 4次, 每 6小时一次。 在第 6天最后 1次给药前、 第 7天第 1次和 第 2次给药前取房水 30 μ 1, 第 3次给药后于 20、 40、 60、 80、 100、 120、 150、 210、 270、 360、 480 min抽取房水 30 μ 1 )给药后, 房水样品经 LC- MS测定。
单次给药后房水中利奈唑胺的 C皿为 38. 754 ±9. 426 μ8/ιη1; 为 102. 00 土 12. 55 min; T 2为 81. 52± 13. 64 min; AUdt 5179. 60± 1881. 16 μ8 · πιίη · πιΓ1,
为 5374.01 ±2056.85 g'min.mr1; Ke 0.01±0.001 min'O 多剂量滴眼 给药后, 房水中利奈唑胺的 ,为 94.00±13.32 min, Tl/2为 84.46± 14.02 min, Κβ 为 0.01 ±0.002 min"1, AUC„-t 为 6014.86 ± 1428. \l\x. · min · ml"1, AUC oo为 6085.50± 1458.94 μ§ - min - πιΓ', Css 为 47.73±11.25 μ§ - ml"1, Css mi。为 2.8 ±0.76 · ml—', Ca,g为 10.79±3.92 με · ml"', FI (%)为 95.7%±9.5%。 比较多 剂量与单剂量给药的药代动力学参数, Ke、 T1/2无统计学意义上的差异, 表明两个 剂量的利奈唑胺眼部给药的消除速度基本恒定, 不随连续给药变化。 药物的波动 百分数较大、 Css 很低, 证明利奈唑胺在房水中基本不蓄积。 单剂量与多剂量给 药主要药代动力学参数的比较见表 1。
表 -1: 单剂量与多剂量给药主要药代动力学参数
Parameters Single-dose Multiple-dose
Trough 1 2.16±0.55
Trough 2 2·24±1·03
Trough 3 2.13±0.70
Tmax (min) 102.00 ±12.55 94.00±13.32
Ti (min) 81.52±13.64 84.46 ±14.02
Ke(min"1) 0.01±0.001 0.01±0.002
AUC0-t ( g -min - ml-1) 5179.60±1881.16 6014.86±1428.17
AUC ( g · min · ml-1) 5374.01 ±2056.85 6085.50 ±1458.94
(^ ( g · ml"1) 31.40±9.32 47.73 ±11.25
2.8±0.76
Ca«B( g · ml"1) 10.79±3.92
FI (%) 95.7±9.5 组织样本的制备: 最后一次滴眼后 2.5小时用气体栓塞方法处死动物, 然后 用刀片刮除角膜上皮, 生理盐水冲洗结膜囊, 抽取房水, 用棉签吸干结膜囊的水 分, 用显微剪取部分球结膜、 角膜、 虹膜、 视网膜、 玻璃体和巩膜, 然后用生理 盐水冲洗, 滤纸吸干水分后放在 1.5ml试管中, 盖上盖子, 尽快放在电子天平称 重, 然后转移到 8ml玻璃试管中, 加二氯甲烷 5ml, 用显微剪充分粉碎组织。用离 心机离心 10分钟后, 取底层二氯甲垸 4.5ml于另一试管中, 用氮气吹干。 封闭试 管口, 于 4°C保存。 对照眼用同样的方法处理。
利奈唑胺广泛分布于眼内各主要组织, 以结膜、 角膜及虹膜中浓度最高。 给 药 60 min, 120 min和 240 min后, 角膜中的浓度分别为 673. 59±388. 78 μ§/§, 519. 32±289. 80 μg/g和 265. 75±51. 67 g/g。 利奈唑胺滴眼液单剂量给药后眼 部主要组织的分布浓度见表 2。
表 -2: 利奈唑胺滴眼液单剂量给药后眼部主要组织的分布浓度 组织 60rain 120min 240min 角膜 ( g/g) 673. 59 ±388· 78 519. 32±289. 80 265. 75±51. 67 结膜( g/g) 699. 58 ±398. 76 349. 31 ± 153. 49 319. 84± 189. 27 虹膜 ( g/g) 260. 08 ± 116. 64 109. 42±26. 10 207. 36 ± 169. 28 视网膜 ( g/g) 131. 25± 123· 22 87. 79±53· 82 15. 73±8. 49 玻璃体 ( g/g) 3. 04±2. 91 3· 61 ±2. 94 2. 07± 1. 25 巩膜 ( g/g) 75. 88 ±32. 54 46. 50±20. 01 19. 15± 17. 62 上表表明, 应用按本发明方法制备的滴眼液单剂量和多剂量滴眼, 眼内各主 要组织内的利奈唑胺浓度都比较高, 尤其以结膜、 角膜及虹膜中浓度最高, 说明 本发明的滴眼液眼内穿透性较好, 浓度较高, 用于治疗眼内细菌感染性疾病完全 可以达到有效的杀菌浓度。 实验例 2 利奈唑胺滴眼液和氧氟沙星滴眼液体内外抗菌试验
对按本发明实施例 1方法制备的 0. 1%利奈唑胺滴眼液与氧氟沙星滴眼液进行 体内外抗菌对比试验。
目的: 通过观察表面应用不同浓度的利奈唑胺滴眼液对金黄色葡萄球菌、 表 皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、 肺炎链球菌等进行体内外抗菌试验, 并与氧氟沙星滴眼液 做对照, 以研究利奈唑胺滴眼液的抗菌作用。
方法: 体外采用营养肉汤稀释法, 新鲜菌种接种营养肉汤培养 18h作原菌液, 取 0. lmL测活菌数调整菌液 10'°CFU/L。 用 0. lmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)稀释利奈唑 胺滴眼液, 过滤除菌 4Ό保存备用, 试验时先用营养肉汤 ί音比稀释, 每管加 L OmL 不同浓度的利奈唑胺滴眼液,分别加入 10'°CFU/L金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、肺炎链球菌 0. lmL,肺炎链球菌加兔血 1滴,最终接种细菌量每管 109CFU /L。 同时设空白对照和阳性对照管 (不加药) 。 37Ό培养 18〜24h, 测定最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) , 继之选出未见细菌生长管中液体 0. IraL接种到琼脂培养基平板上 (肺炎
链球菌接种血琼脂培养板)进一步做最低杀菌浓度 (MBC)测定。
体内试验将接种于普通琼脂培养基平板上的金黄色葡萄球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌和血琼脂培养板的肺炎链球菌用接种环刮下, 生理盐水分别配成 2X 10l2CFU/L (光电比浊仪测定浓度) 。 用角膜环钻致家兔角膜损伤 (双眼) , 家兔 每眼感染细菌 0. lmL, 2d用无菌盐水棉签取眼睛分泌物, 放入 4mL无菌生理盐水瓶 中, 用琼脂平板培养法对其液体做细菌培养。 同时进行炎症评分, 0级: 眼明亮无 分泌物; 0. 5级: 无分泌物覆盖, 眼稍有红肿; 1级: 分泌物覆盖小于 6隱; 2级: 分泌物覆盖充满 6mm; 3级: 分泌物覆盖大于 6mm。 根据评分标准随机分组: 治疗组 (感染细菌 +利奈唑胺滴眼液) , 治疗对照组 (感染细菌 +氧氟沙星滴眼液) , 未 治疗对照组 (感染细菌 +滴生理盐水) , 各组 6只家兔。 正常对照组 (不造模、 不 感染细菌、 滴生理盐水) 2只。 每眼 0. lmL, 4次 /d, 连续点药 7d。 每隔 24h双眼进 行一次评分, 连续观察 7d, 评分结果作统计学 t检验处理。 并于给药前 ld, 给药后 1、 3、 5、 7d用无菌盐水棉签取眼分泌物作细菌培养, 判断阴阳性结果。 d8处死家 兔, 取角膜放入 40g/L甲醛中固定作病理切片, HE染色检查。
结果: 体外试验表明利奈唑胺对金黄色葡萄球菌、.表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、 肺炎链球菌的最低杀菌浓度 (MBC)分别为 2. 0、 1. 0、 2. 0、 l. O g/mL, 最低抑菌 浓度 (MIC) 范围分别为 0. 25〜8、 0. 06〜8、 0. 5〜〉8、 ≤0. 12〜2 μ g/mL。 体内抗 菌试验显示, 家兔眼感染金黄色葡萄球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、 肺炎链球菌 后, 利奈唑胺在治疗 3d评分结果与未治疗 *f照组比较均有显著差异, 5d细菌培养 转阴率均为 100%。 角膜病理结果显示伤口斑痕愈合良好。
体内试验: 4种菌感染兔眼 24h后出现 性症状, 轻者结膜红肿眼充血, 重者 全身状态欠佳伴结膜红肿充血, 角膜水肿增厚, 大量分泌物呈黄白色, 将上下眼 睑粘住, 双眼紧闭。 评分标准在 1. 5〜3级。 细菌培养结果: 给药前角膜分泌物 4种 细菌培养均为阳性, 利奈唑胺滴眼液治疗 5d的角膜分泌物细菌培养转阴率均为 100%。 家兔眼评分结果, 与未治疗对照组比较, 利奈唑胺滴眼液对金黄色葡萄球 菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌、肺炎链球菌感染组给药后 4, 5d都有明显差异 (P〈0. 01) 。 病理切片: 利奈唑胺滴眼液治疗组的角膜各层结构基本完整, 伤口表面被复层鳞 状上皮覆盖, 伤口处有纤维组织增生, 伤口斑痕性愈合, 未见炎细胞浸润; 未治 疗对照组感染 4种菌后兔眼均显示角膜水肿,血管扩张充血,伤口未愈合并有溃疡, 有大量炎细胞浸润及坏死组织。 正常对照组角膜完好无损。 一
体外、 内抗菌试验中, 利奈唑胺的疗效均明显优于氧氟沙星滴眼液。
结论: 利奈唑胺滴眼液对金黄色葡萄球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、 肺炎链 球菌敏感性均较强; 所致家兔角膜炎治疗效果较好。
发明人还对按本发明技术方案制作的利奈唑胺眼用凝胶剂和眼膏剂分别进行 了疗效验证: 药代动力学研究表明, 应用眼用凝胶剂和眼膏剂后结果与应用滴眼 液相似, 眼内的利奈唑胺浓度也比较高, 尤其以结膜、 角膜及虹膜中浓度最高, 而且应用眼用凝胶剂和眼膏剂后, 不同时间点眼内各组织内的利奈唑胺药物浓度 还高于滴眼液。 利奈唑胺眼用凝胶剂和眼膏剂的体外抗菌试验表明, 利奈唑胺对 金黄色葡萄球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、 肺炎链球菌敏感性均较强, 体内抗菌 试验也表明对金黄色葡萄球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌、 肠球菌、 肺炎链球菌所致的家兔 角膜炎有明显的治疗效果。
Claims
1. 一种眼科外用抗细菌感染的药物, 其特征在于, 它是以利奈唑胺为药效 原料, 配以眼局部可以接受的药剂学上所说的制剂辅料所制备成的药剂, 每 100 重量份药剂中利奈唑胺的含量为 0. 1〜1. 0重量份。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的药物, 其特征在于, 所述药物的剂型为滴眼液、 眼用凝胶、 眼药膏或药剂学上所说任何一种适于眼局部外用的剂型。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的药物, 其特征在于, 当^制作的剂型为滴眼液或眼 用凝胶时,原料组分还包括抑菌剂;抑菌剂为硫柳汞、季铵盐类、杜米芬、冼必泰、 三氯叔丁醇、尼泊金类、三梨酸中任何一种或所述品种的任意组合; 抑菌剂的用量 以与利奈唑胺的重量比表示为, 抑菌剂:利奈! ^胺 = 0. 002〜0. 5 : 0. 1〜1. 0。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的药物,其特征在于, 当所制作的剂型为滴眼液时, 原料组分还包括增稠剂; 增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素、 甲基纤维素、 透明质酸钠、 聚乙烯醇、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮中任何一种或所述品种的任意组合; 增稠剂的用量 以与利奈唑胺的重量比表示为, 增稠剂:利奈唑胺 = 0. 1〜0. 5 : 0. 1〜1. 0。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的药物, 其特征在于, 当所制作的剂型为眼用凝胶 时, 原料组分还包括增稠剂; 增稠剂选自羟丙甲纤维素、 甲基纤维素、 透明质 酸钠、 聚乙烯醇、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 羧甲基纤维素、 卡波姆、 硫酸软骨素的一 种或所述品种的任意组合: 增稠剂的用量以与利奈唑胺的重量比表示为, 增稠 剂:利奈唑胺 = 0. 5〜5. 0:0. 1〜1. 0。
6. 根据权利要求 3或 4或 5所述的药物, 其特征在于, 当所制作的剂型为 滴眼液或眼用凝胶时, 使用 pH调节剂调节成品药剂的 pH值为 5. 5〜7. 5; 所述 H调节剂为氢氧化钠、 盐酸、 枸櫞酸钠、 枸掾酸、 硼酸、 硼砂中的任何一种或 所述品种的任意组合。
7. 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的药物, 其特征在于, 当所制作的剂型为滴眼 液时, 使用氯化钠调节滴眼液的渗透压比值为 0. 90〜1. 10。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的药物, 其特征在于, 当所制作的剂型为眼药膏, 每 100重量份的药膏中利奈唑胺的用量为 0. 1〜1. 0重量份时, 原料组分还包括 以下品种和用量的辅料: 无水羊毛脂 8〜15重量份、 液状石蜡 2〜10重量份、 黄凡士林 75〜95重量份。
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CN102973500A (zh) * | 2012-12-25 | 2013-03-20 | 江苏吴中苏药医药开发有限责任公司 | 一种利奈唑胺液体制剂及其制备方法 |
CN105030839A (zh) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 张绪迎 | 一种眼科外用抗细菌感染药物 |
CN107397745A (zh) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-11-28 | 上海毕傲图生物科技有限公司 | 唑类化合物眼用制剂 |
CN108403624A (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-17 | 广州君博医药科技有限公司 | 一种缓释型利奈唑胺眼用药物及其制备方法与应用 |
CN108283622A (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-17 | 广州君博医药科技有限公司 | 一种缓释型利奈唑胺眼用药物及其制备方法 |
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CN111084758A (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-05-01 | 武汉武药科技有限公司 | 盐酸多佐胺滴眼液及其制备方法 |
CN115105512A (zh) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-27 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | 脱氢表雄酮在制备预防、治疗眼部近视的药物中的用途及其剂型和制备方法 |
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