WO2011086861A1 - 電荷輸送材料及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
電荷輸送材料及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011086861A1 WO2011086861A1 PCT/JP2010/073816 JP2010073816W WO2011086861A1 WO 2011086861 A1 WO2011086861 A1 WO 2011086861A1 JP 2010073816 W JP2010073816 W JP 2010073816W WO 2011086861 A1 WO2011086861 A1 WO 2011086861A1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000717 hydrazino group Chemical group [H]N([*])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical group [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000006626 methoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AODWRBPUCXIRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene perylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21.C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 AODWRBPUCXIRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical group [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical class C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005554 pyridyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005030 pyridylthio group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC=C1)S* 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004322 quinolinols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000213 sulfino group Chemical group [H]OS(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006296 sulfonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/007—Squaraine dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/10—Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/008—Dyes containing a substituent, which contains a silicium atom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/311—Purifying organic semiconductor materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/346—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising platinum
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- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge transport material and an organic electroluminescent element.
- Organic electroluminescent elements (hereinafter also referred to as “elements” and “organic EL elements”) are actively researched and developed because they can emit light with high luminance when driven at a low voltage.
- An organic electroluminescent element has an organic layer between a pair of electrodes, and electrons injected from the cathode and holes injected from the anode recombine in the organic layer, and the generated exciton energy is used for light emission. To do.
- Patent Document 1 discloses 1,3-substituted phenyl groups substituted for the purpose of producing an element having high luminous efficiency, few pixel defects, and excellent heat resistance.
- mCP bis (N-carbazolyl) benzene
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the durability of the element is improved by forming at least one organic compound layer in the organic EL element with an organic compound material having an impurity concentration of less than 1000 ppm. However, Patent Document 2 does not specify the type of impurities that have a large influence on the performance of the element.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an organic EL device using various N-carbazolylbenzene derivatives having a purity analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 99.3% to 99.9% as a host material. However, Patent Document 3 does not specify the type of impurities that have a large influence on the performance of the device.
- one organic compound material contains a plurality of types of halogen-containing impurities, but all of them do not affect the durability of an organic electroluminescent device using the organic compound material in any way. It is not easily understood whether the halogen-containing impurities in the structure have a great influence on the durability of the device.
- impurities that affect device performance vary depending on the structure of the charge transport material. Not all impurities contained in organic compound materials affect the performance of the device to the same extent. Depending on the material structure and the purpose of use (for example, which layer of the device is used) The types of impurities that have a large impact should be different.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device having excellent luminous efficiency and durability by specifying an impurity species that adversely affects the performance of the device when an mCP derivative substituted with a phenyl group is used. Is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a charge transport material useful for an organic electroluminescent device having excellent luminous efficiency and durability.
- another object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device, a display device, and a lighting device including the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention.
- an impurity compound having a specific structure greatly affects the device performance.
- the present inventors have found that the emission efficiency and durability of the organic electroluminescence device can be achieved at a high level by reducing the content of the impurities. That is, the present invention can be achieved by the following means.
- the content of the impurity represented by the following general formula (I-1) in the charge transport material is 254 nm.
- the ratio of the absorption intensity area of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) to the total absorption intensity area of the charge transporting material measured by high performance liquid chromatography with a measurement wavelength 0.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a silyl group, or a cyano group.
- R 5 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a silyl group. However, R 5 is not to represent a carbazolyl group or a perfluoroalkyl group. If R 5 there are a plurality, the plurality of R 5, may each be the same or different.
- a plurality of R 5 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring.
- n1 to n4 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- n5 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- R 1 to R 4 are the same as the atoms or groups represented by R 1 to R 4 in general formula (Cz-1), respectively.
- n1 to n4 are the same as the integers represented by n1 to n4 in the general formula (Cz-1), respectively.
- the total ratio of the respective absorption intensity areas of the impurity represented by formula (II), the impurity represented by the following general formula (II-1), and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene is 100%.
- the charge transport material as described in any one of.
- R 5 is the same as the group represented by R 5 in general formula (Cz-1).
- n5 is the same as the integer represented by n5 in the general formula (Cz-1).
- R 8 to R 11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a silyl group, or a cyano group.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom.
- the plurality of R 6 and the plurality of R 7 may be the same as or different from each other.
- a plurality of R 6 and a plurality of R 7 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring which may have an alkyl group.
- n6 and n7 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- R 8 to R 11 are the same as the atoms or groups represented by R 8 to R 11 in general formula (Cz-2), respectively.
- the total ratio of the respective absorption intensity areas of the impurity represented by formula (II), the impurity represented by the following general formula (II-2), and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene is 100%.
- R 6 and R 7 are the same as the group or atom represented by R 6 and R 7 in general formula (Cz-2), respectively.
- n6 and n7 are the same as the integers represented by n6 and n7 in the general formula (Cz-2).
- R 6 and R 7 each represent a phenyl group
- n6 and n7 each independently represent 0 or 1
- R 8 to R 11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a t-butyl group, a phenyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, or a triphenylsilyl group.
- a composition comprising the charge transport material according to any one of [1] to [5] above.
- a thin film comprising the charge transport material according to any one of [1] to [5].
- An organic electroluminescent device having a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer between the electrodes on a substrate, wherein any one of the at least one organic layer is An organic electroluminescence device comprising the charge transport material according to any one of [1] to [5]. [9] The organic electroluminescent element according to the above [8], wherein the charge transport material is contained in the light emitting layer. [10] The organic electroluminescence device according to [8] or [9], wherein at least one organic layer between the pair of electrodes is formed by a solution coating method.
- a light emitting device using the organic electroluminescent element according to any one of [8] to [10].
- the substituent group A, the substituent group B, and the substituent Z ′ are defined as follows.
- An alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.), alkenyl groups (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl , Allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl, etc.), alkynyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as
- carbon atoms 0, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, p-methylphenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, etc.), amino groups (preferably 0 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms).
- Particularly preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms such as amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino, etc.
- an alkoxy group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Preferably it has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, etc.
- an aryloxy group preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, More preferably, it has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Xy 1-naphthyloxy, 2-naphthyloxy, etc.
- a heterocyclic oxy group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- pyridyloxy, pyrazyloxy, pyrimidyloxy, quinolyloxy, etc. an acyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Benzoyl, formyl, pivaloyl, etc. an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxy Carbonyl, etc.), an aryloxycarbonyl group (preferably having a carbon number)
- the number of carbon atoms is 7 to 30, more preferably 7 to 20, and particularly preferably 7 to 12, and examples thereof include phenyloxycarbonyl.
- An acyloxy group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as acetoxy, benzoyloxy, etc.), an acylamino group (preferably 2-30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2-20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2-10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetylamino, benzoylamino and the like, and alkoxycarbonylamino groups (preferably having 2-2 carbon atoms).
- an aryloxycarbonylamino group preferably having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxycarbonyl And sulfonylamino groups (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanesulfonylamino and benzenesulfonylamino).
- an aryloxycarbonylamino group preferably having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxycarbonyl And sulfonylamino groups (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanesulfonylamino and benzenesulfonylamino).
- a sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sulfamoyl, methylsulfamoyl, dimethylsulfamoyl, phenyl Sulfamoyl, etc.), carbamoyl groups (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, Phenylcarbamoyl etc.), alkylthio group ( Preferably, it has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methylthio, ethylthio, etc.), an arylthio group (preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms).
- Rufinyl group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methanesulfinyl and benzenesulfinyl. ), A ureido group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ureido, methylureido, phenylureido, etc.), phosphoric acid An amide group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as diethyl phosphoric acid amide and phenyl phosphoric acid amide), a hydroxy group , Mercapto group, halogen atom (eg fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, sulfo group, carb
- Is for example, a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom, silicon atom, selenium atom, tellurium atom, specifically pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, And isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, quinolyl, furyl, thienyl, selenophenyl, tellurophenyl, piperidyl, piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidyl, pyrrolidino, benzoxazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl group, azepinyl group, silolyl group and the like.
- a silyl group (preferably having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include trimethylsilyl and triphenylsilyl).
- a aryloxy group (preferably having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, such as trimethylsilyloxy, triphenylsilyloxy, etc.), phosphoryl group (for example, A diphenylphosphoryl group, a dimethylphosphoryl group, etc.).
- These substituents may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group A described above.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group A described above.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group A described above.
- alkyl group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
- alkenyl groups preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl , Allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl, etc.
- alkynyl group preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as propargyl , 3-pentynyl, etc.
- an aryl group preferably having 6 to 30 carbon
- hetero atom 0, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, including, for example, phenyl, p-methylphenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, etc.), cyano group, heterocyclic group (including aromatic heterocyclic group, preferably carbon
- the hetero atom is, for example, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, a selenium atom, or a tellurium atom, specifically, pyridyl.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group B described above.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group B described above.
- the substituent Z ′ represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the substituent Z ′ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atom is an isotope (deuterium). An atom constituting a substituent, and the isotope thereof is also included.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device having a pair of electrodes on a substrate and at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer between the electrodes, and any of the at least one organic layer. These layers contain the charge transport material of the present invention.
- the charge transport material of the present invention is a charge transport material containing a compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1), and contains an impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) in the charge transport material. The amount was calculated by the ratio of the absorption intensity area of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) to the total absorption intensity area of the charge transport material measured by high performance liquid chromatography with a measurement wavelength of 254 nm. In this case, it is 0.000% or more and 0.10% or less.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a silyl group, or a cyano group.
- R 5 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a silyl group. However, R 5 is not to represent a carbazolyl group or a perfluoroalkyl group. If R 5 there are a plurality, the plurality of R 5, may each be the same or different.
- a plurality of R 5 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring.
- n1 to n4 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- n5 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 is preferably an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom. And more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, and among these, an unsubstituted group is preferable.
- the aryl group represented by R 1 to R 4 is preferably an aryl group which may have an alkyl group, more preferably a carbon number of 6 which may have an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples include phenyl group, dimethylphenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, methylnaphthyl group, t-butylnaphthyl group, anthranyl group, phenanthryl group, chrysenyl group, etc. Among these, phenyl group, dimethylphenyl Group or a terphenyl group is preferable, and a phenyl group is more preferable.
- the silyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 may have a substituent.
- substituent Z ′ an alkyl group and an aryl group are preferable, a methyl group and a phenyl group are more preferable, and a phenyl group is most preferable.
- the silyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 is preferably a silyl group having 0 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms is preferably a silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms substituted with an alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and all three hydrogen atoms of the silyl group are carbon atoms. It is more preferable that the alkyl group is substituted with any one of alkyl groups and aryl groups of 1 to 6, and it is more preferable that all of them are substituted with a phenyl group.
- Examples include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, a diethylisopropylsilyl group, a dimethylphenylsilyl group, a diphenylmethylsilyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group, and among these, a trimethylsilyl group, a dimethylphenylsilyl group, etc.
- a triphenylsilyl group is preferable, and a triphenylsilyl group is more preferable.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently preferably a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, or a carbon number of 1 to 6 from the viewpoint of charge transportability and charge stability. Any one of an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms substituted with a phenyl group, and a cyano group.
- a fluorine atom an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms substituted with a phenyl group, and a cyano group.
- R 1 to R 4 are preferably each independently a methyl group, isopropyl group, t-butyl group, neopentyl group, trifluoromethyl group, phenyl group, dimethylphenyl group, trimethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, fluorine Any of an atom and a cyano group, more preferably a t-butyl group, a phenyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group, and still more preferably a t-butyl group, a phenyl group, and a triphenyl group One of the silyl groups.
- N1 to n4 are each independently preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.
- the 3-position and the 6-position of the carbazole skeleton are reaction active positions. From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and improvement in chemical stability, the substituent may be introduced at this position. preferable.
- the alkyl group represented by R 5 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, the alkyl group represented by R 5 does not become a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the aryl group represented by R 5 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group, a fluorine atom or a cyano group optionally substituted with a fluorine atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 5 there are a plurality the plurality of R 5, may each be the same or different.
- a plurality of R 5 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring.
- the aryl ring formed by bonding a plurality of R 5 to each other is preferably an aryl ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms, including the carbon atom substituted by the plurality of R 5 .
- the ring to be formed is preferably any of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and a phenanthrene ring, more preferably any of a benzene ring and a phenanthrene ring, and even more preferably a benzene ring.
- a plurality of rings formed by a plurality of R 5 may exist, for example, a plurality of R 5 are bonded to each other to form two benzene rings, and together with the benzene ring substituted by the plurality of R 5 A phenanthrene ring may be formed.
- R 5 is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group optionally having an alkyl group, and a silyl group substituted with an alkyl group or a phenyl group, from the viewpoint of charge transport ability and charge stability. More preferably an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a carbon number which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 6 to 18 aryl groups.
- R 5 is preferably a methyl group, a t-butyl group, a neopentyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group, a cyano group, a phenyl group substituted by a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group.
- N5 is preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, further preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and particularly preferably 1 or 2.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) is more preferably represented by the general formula (Cz-2).
- R 8 to R 11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a silyl group, or a cyano group.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom.
- the plurality of R 6 and the plurality of R 7 may be the same as or different from each other.
- a plurality of R 6 and a plurality of R 7 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring which may have an alkyl group.
- n6 and n7 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- alkyl group, aryl group and silyl group represented by R 8 to R 11 include an alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (Cz-1), Specific examples and preferred examples of the aryl group and silyl group are the same.
- R 8 to R 11 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, or a carbon number from the viewpoint of charge transportability and charge stability.
- An aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and a cyano group More preferably, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a carbon atom. Any one of ⁇ 12 aryl group, C 1 -4 alkyl group, phenyl group substituted with 3 to 18 silyl group, and cyano group.
- R 8 to R 11 are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom, methyl group, isopropyl group, t-butyl group, neopentyl group, trifluoromethyl group, phenyl group, dimethylphenyl group, trimethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group.
- Group, a fluorine atom, and a cyano group more preferably a hydrogen atom, a t-butyl group, a phenyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group, still more preferably a hydrogen atom, t- One of a butyl group, a phenyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group.
- the aryl group represented by R 6 and R 7 may have an alkyl group, and the alkyl group in the case of having an alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a carbon atom.
- the aryl group represented by R 6 and R 7 has an alkyl group
- the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group, a phenanthryl group, a chrysenyl group, etc. among which a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group are preferable, a phenyl group, A biphenyl group or a terphenyl group is more preferred.
- the aryl group represented by R 6 and R 7 is preferably an unsubstituted aryl group.
- Examples of the aryl group represented by R 6 and R 7 include a phenyl group, a dimethylphenyl group, a t-butylphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a methylnaphthyl group, a t-butylnaphthyl group, and an anthranyl.
- the plurality of R 6 and the plurality of R 7 may be the same as or different from each other.
- a plurality of R 6 and a plurality of R 7 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring which may have an alkyl group.
- the aryl ring which may have an alkyl group formed by bonding a plurality of R 6 and a plurality of R 7 to each other represents a carbon atom to which each of the plurality of R 6 and the plurality of R 7 is substituted.
- an aryl ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the ring to be formed is preferably any of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and a phenanthrene ring, which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and has an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- An benzene ring which may be substituted is more preferable, and examples thereof include a benzene ring and a benzene ring substituted with a t-butyl group.
- a plurality of rings formed by a plurality of R 6 or a plurality of R 7 may exist, for example, a plurality of R 6 or a plurality of R 7 are bonded to each other to form two benzene rings, A phenanthrene ring may be formed together with a plurality of R 6 or the benzene ring substituted by the plurality of R 7 .
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently any of an alkyl group, an aryl group optionally having an alkyl group, a cyano group, and a fluorine atom, from the viewpoint of charge transport ability and charge stability. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom, and more preferably It is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represent an alkyl group or an aryl group that may have an alkyl group.
- R 6 and R 7 are preferably each independently, preferably a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a t-butyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a t-butyl group, a biphenyl group, a cyano group.
- N6 and n7 are each independently preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and even more preferably 0 or 1.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or the general formula (Cz-2) is preferably composed of only carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and nitrogen atoms from the viewpoint of driving durability.
- the molecular weight of the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is preferably 400 or more and 1000 or less, more preferably 450 or more and 800 or less, and 500 or more and 700 or less. More preferably.
- the molecular weight is 400 or more, it is advantageous for forming a high-quality amorphous thin film, and when the molecular weight is 1,000 or less, the solubility and sublimation property are improved, which is advantageous for improving the purity of the compound.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or the general formula (Cz-2) is used as a host material of a light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence device or a charge transport material of a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, the light emitting material
- the energy gap in the thin film state (when the light emitting material is a phosphorescent light emitting material), if the minimum excited triplet (T 1 ) energy in the thin film state is large, the light emission is prevented from quenching, which is advantageous for improving the efficiency. It is.
- the energy gap and T 1 energy are not too large.
- the T 1 energy in the film state of the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is 2.69 eV (62 kcal / mol) or more and 3.47 eV (80 kcal / mol) or less. It is preferably 2.75 eV (63.5 kcal / mol) or more and 2.61 eV (75 kcal / mol) or less, more preferably 2.82 eV (65 kcal / mol) or more and 3.04 eV (70 kcal / mol) or less. More preferably it is. In particular, when a phosphorescent light emitting material is used as the light emitting material, the T 1 energy is preferably in the above range.
- the T 1 energy can be obtained from the short wavelength end of a phosphorescence emission spectrum of a thin film of material. For example, a material is deposited on a cleaned quartz glass substrate to a film thickness of about 50 nm by a vacuum deposition method, and the phosphorescence emission spectrum of the thin film is measured under liquid nitrogen temperature F-7000 Hitachi Spectrofluorimeter (Hitachi High Technologies). Use to measure.
- the T 1 energy can be obtained by converting the rising wavelength on the short wavelength side of the obtained emission spectrum into energy units.
- the glass transition temperature of the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) ( Tg) is preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 120 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- the compounds exemplified as the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) can be synthesized with reference to WO 2004/074399 pamphlet and the like.
- the above exemplary compound (1) can be synthesized by the method of Synthesis Example 2 described in WO52 / 0722399, paragraph 52, line 22 to line 54, line 15 according to the synthetic route shown below.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is not limited in its use, and may be contained in any layer in the organic layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is contained in either the light emitting layer or a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer in order to further suppress the change in chromaticity after high temperature driving. It is preferable that it is contained in the light emitting layer. Further, the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) may be contained in both the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer. When the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is contained in the light emitting layer, the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) of the present invention is the light emitting layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is further contained in a layer other than the light emitting layer, it is preferably contained in an amount of 70 to 100% by mass based on the total mass of the layer. More preferably, it is contained in an amount of 85 to 100% by mass.
- the content of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) in the charge transport material containing the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) in the charge transport material is measured at a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the ratio of the absorption intensity area of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) to the total absorption intensity area of the charge transport material as measured by high performance liquid chromatography 0.000% The content is 0.10% or less.
- the content of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-2) in the charge transport material is 254 nm.
- the content of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) in the charge transporting material calculated by the above-described method may be greater than 0.000%.
- it is 0.001% or more, more preferably 0.005% or more, and particularly preferably 0.010% or more.
- the detection limit in high performance liquid chromatography is about 0.001% by mass when measured at a sample concentration of 0.05% by mass, and the content of a certain component in the present invention is 0%. “Present” means that the component is not detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and may contain a minute amount below the detection limit of high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, the ratio of the total of the absorption intensity areas of a certain component and a certain component being 100% means that a component other than those components can be contained in a minute amount below the detection limit of high performance liquid chromatography.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) is a compound corresponding to the synthesis intermediate (C) in the synthesis route described in the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399. That is, when the compound represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) is synthesized, when the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is synthesized, An unreacted compound represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) used as C) is left as an impurity in the product.
- R 1 to R 4 are the same as the atoms or groups represented by R 1 to R 4 in general formula (Cz-1), respectively.
- n1 to n4 are the same as the integers represented by n1 to n4 in the general formula (Cz-1), respectively.
- R 8 to R 11 are the same as the atoms or groups represented by R 8 to R 11 in general formula (Cz-2), respectively.
- the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) is a compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2). Represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) with respect to the total absorption intensity area of the charge transport material measured by high performance liquid chromatography with a measurement wavelength of 254 nm. If the ratio of the absorption intensity area of impurities exceeds 0.10%, the device performance, especially durability, will be adversely affected, and it will be difficult to achieve both high luminous efficiency and durability. did. The reason is not clear, but I think as follows.
- Impurities having a molecular weight close to that of a desired charge transporting material and having a similar structure are not easily separated during purification, and are easily mixed into the film because the sublimation temperature is close during vapor deposition.
- impurities having a similar structure to the desired charge transport material have close HOMO and LUMO values and large orbital overlaps in the structure. Therefore, the charge is also carried on the impurities during charge transport, and becomes a trap for charge transport.
- an impurity having such a similar structure When an impurity having such a similar structure is substituted with a bromo atom, it reacts with a reactive species such as a radical cation state, a radical anion state, or an excited state generated during device driving, or itself is a radical cation state, a radical It is thought that the durability is greatly deteriorated by a mechanism such as decomposition by becoming a more reactive species such as an anion state and an excited state.
- the content of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) and other impurities in the charge transport material of the present invention and the purity of the charge transport material of the present invention are described below, for example. It can be determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the following analysis conditions.
- HPLC apparatus HPLC manufactured by Shimadzu (LC-10ADVP pump, CTO-10ACVP column oven, SIL-10ADVP autosampler, RID-10A differential refraction detector, CLASS-VP analysis software)
- HPLC apparatus HPLC manufactured by Shimadzu (LC-10ADVP pump, CTO-10ACVP column oven, SIL-10ADVP autosampler, RID-10A differential refraction detector, CLASS-VP analysis software)
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the “content” of impurities and the “purity” of the charge transport material mean values calculated by the above-described method.
- the general formula (I-1) or (II-2) in addition to the compound represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2), the general formula (I-1) or ( 1,3,5-tribromobenzene which is a starting material for synthesizing the compound represented by I-2), corresponding to the synthesis intermediate (D) in the synthesis route described in the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399 Compounds (hereinafter, compounds represented by the general formula (II-1) or (II-2)) and the like.
- R 5 is the same as the group represented by R 5 in general formula (Cz-1).
- n5 is the same as the integer represented by n5 in the general formula (Cz-1).
- R 6 and R 7 are the same as the group or atom represented by R 6 and R 7 in general formula (Cz-2), respectively.
- n6 and n7 are the same as the integers represented by n6 and n7 in the general formula (Cz-2).
- the impurity represented by the general formula (II-1) or (II-2) and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene are represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or Even if contained in the charge transport material containing the compound represented by (Cz-2), unlike the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2), the external quantum efficiency or It was found that there was no adverse effect on device performance such as durability. In particular, even if it contains 1,3,5-tribromobenzene, there is no adverse effect on device performance such as external quantum efficiency and durability, so not all bromo compounds will adversely affect device performance. It has been found that the specific impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) has a specific adverse effect on the device performance.
- the content of the impurity represented by the general formula (II-1) or (II-2) that can remain in the charge transport material of the present invention in the charge transport material is usually 0.000% or more and 1.0. % Or less, and preferably 0.000% or more and 0.5% or less.
- the content of 1,3,5-tribromobenzene that can remain in the charge transport material of the present invention in the charge transport material is usually 0.000% or more and 1.0% or less, and 0.000% or more. It is preferable that it is 0.5% or less.
- the purity of the charge transport material of the present invention is preferably 99.0% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 99.5% or more and 100% or less, and 99.9% or more and 100% or less. More preferably it is.
- the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2), the impurity represented by the general formula (II-1) or (II-2), and 1 Impurities other than 1,3,5-tribromobenzene are preferably not detected in the above-described analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. That is, in the charge transport material of the present invention containing the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1), the total absorption intensity of the charge transport material measured by the above-mentioned high performance liquid chromatography with a measurement wavelength of 254 nm.
- the total ratio of the absorption intensity areas of 5-tribromobenzene is preferably 100%.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-2), the impurity represented by the general formula (I-2), the impurity represented by the general formula (II-2), and 1,3 with respect to the intensity area The total ratio of the respective absorption intensity areas of 1,5-tribromobenzene is preferably 100%.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is, for example, a synthesis example described in International Publication No. 2004/074399, page 52, line 22 to page 54, line 15
- the product of this method contains the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) in a content of more than 0.10%. Therefore, further purification is necessary.
- a conventionally known purification step is performed so that the content of the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) in the charge transport material is 0.10% or less.
- the charge transport material of the present invention can be preferably used for organic electronic elements such as electrophotography, organic transistors, organic photoelectric conversion elements (for energy conversion, sensor applications, etc.), and organic electroluminescence elements, and is used for organic electroluminescence elements. Is particularly preferred.
- the charge transport material of the present invention may be contained in any layer of the organic layer.
- it is a case where it is used for any of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, more preferably it is a case where it is used for a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, and still more preferably.
- composition containing the charge transport material of the present invention also relates to a composition comprising the charge transport material.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) is preferably 30 to 99% by mass with respect to the total solid content in the composition.
- the content is more preferably 50 to 95% by mass, and further preferably 70 to 90% by mass.
- Other components that may be contained in the composition of the present invention may be organic or inorganic, and as organic materials, materials described as host materials, fluorescent light emitting materials, phosphorescent light emitting materials, and hydrocarbon materials described later can be applied.
- a host material, a phosphorescent material, and a hydrocarbon material are preferable.
- the composition of the present invention can form an organic layer of an organic electroluminescent element by a dry film forming method such as a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, a transfer method, a printing method, or the like.
- the present invention also relates to a thin film containing a charge transport material containing a compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2).
- the thin film of the present invention can be formed by using the composition of the present invention by a dry film forming method such as an evaporation method or a sputtering method, a transfer method, a printing method, or the like.
- the thickness of the thin film may be any thickness depending on the application, but is preferably 0.1 nm to 1 mm, more preferably 0.5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, still more preferably 1 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 1 nm to 100 nm. is there.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device having a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer between the electrodes on a substrate, and any of the at least one organic layer. These layers contain the charge transport material of the present invention.
- at least one of the pair of electrodes, the anode and the cathode is preferably transparent or translucent.
- the organic layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a block layer (such as a hole block layer and an exciton block layer), and an electron transport layer in addition to the light emitting layer.
- the organic electroluminescent element 10 of FIG. 1 has an organic layer including a light emitting layer 6 between a pair of electrodes (anode 3 and cathode 9) on a substrate 2.
- a hole injection layer 4 As the organic layer, a hole transport layer 5, a light emitting layer 6, a hole block layer 7, and an electron transport layer 8 are laminated in this order from the anode 3 side.
- Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / block layer / electron transport layer / cathode, Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / block layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode, ⁇ Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode ⁇ Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / block layer / electron transport layer / cathode, Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / block layer / electron transport layer / cathode, Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / block layer / electron transport layer / cathode.
- the element configuration, the substrate, the cathode, and the anode of the organic electroluminescence element are described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-270736, and the matters described in the publication can be applied to the present invention.
- the substrate used in the present invention is preferably a substrate that does not scatter or attenuate light emitted from the organic layer.
- an organic material it is preferable that it is excellent in heat resistance, dimensional stability, solvent resistance, electrical insulation, and workability.
- the anode usually only needs to have a function as an electrode for supplying holes to the organic layer, and there is no particular limitation on the shape, structure, size, etc., depending on the use and purpose of the light-emitting element, It can select suitably from well-known electrode materials.
- the anode is usually provided as a transparent anode.
- the cathode usually has a function as an electrode for injecting electrons into the organic layer, and there is no particular limitation on the shape, structure, size, etc., and it is known depending on the use and purpose of the light emitting device.
- the electrode material can be selected as appropriate.
- Organic layer in the present invention will be described.
- each organic layer is preferably formed by any of dry deposition methods such as vapor deposition and sputtering, and solution coating methods such as transfer, printing, spin coating, and bar coating. Can be formed. It is preferable that at least one of the organic layers is formed by a solution coating method.
- the light emitting layer receives holes from the anode, hole injection layer or hole transport layer and receives electrons from the cathode, electron injection layer or electron transport layer when an electric field is applied, and provides a field for recombination of holes and electrons. And a layer having a function of emitting light.
- a fluorescent light emitting material or a phosphorescent light emitting material can be used as the light emitting material, and both may be used in combination. Details of these fluorescent materials and phosphorescent materials are described in, for example, paragraph numbers [0100] to [0164] of JP-A-2008-270736 and paragraph numbers [0088] to [0090] of JP-A-2007-266458. The matters described in these publications can be applied to the present invention.
- a phosphorescent material is preferable.
- phosphorescent light-emitting materials that can be used in the present invention include US Pat. / 19373A2, JP-A No. 2001-247859, JP-A No. 2002-302671, JP-A No. 2002-117978, JP-A No. 2003-133074, JP-A No. 2002-1235076, JP-A No. 2003-123984, JP-A No. 2002-170684, EP No. 121157, JP-A No.
- Examples of such a light-emitting dopant include Ir complex, Pt complex, Cu complex, Re complex, W complex, Rh complex, Ru complex, Pd complex, Os complex, Eu complex, Tb complex, among others. Gd complex, Dy complex, and Ce complex are mentioned.
- an Ir complex, a Pt complex, or a Re complex among which an Ir complex or a Pt complex containing at least one coordination mode of a metal-carbon bond, a metal-nitrogen bond, a metal-oxygen bond, and a metal-sulfur bond. Or Re complexes are preferred. Furthermore, from the viewpoints of luminous efficiency, driving durability, chromaticity and the like, an Ir complex and a Pt complex are particularly preferable, and an Ir complex is most preferable.
- the platinum complex is preferably a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (C-1).
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 each independently represent a ligand coordinated to Pt.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group. Represents.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 each independently represent a ligand coordinated to Pt.
- the bond between Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 and Pt may be any of a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a coordinate bond, and the like.
- a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a phosphorus atom are preferable, and in Q ⁇ 1 >, Q ⁇ 2 >, Q ⁇ 3 > and Q ⁇ 4 >
- a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a phosphorus atom are preferable, and in Q ⁇ 1 >, Q ⁇ 2 >, Q ⁇ 3 > and Q ⁇ 4 >
- at least one is preferably a carbon atom, more preferably two are carbon atoms, particularly preferably two are carbon atoms and two are nitrogen atoms.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 bonded to Pt by a carbon atom may be an anionic ligand or a neutral ligand, and the anionic ligand is a vinyl ligand, Aromatic hydrocarbon ring ligand (eg benzene ligand, naphthalene ligand, anthracene ligand, phenanthrene ligand etc.), heterocyclic ligand (eg furan ligand, thiophene ligand, pyridine) Ligand, pyrazine ligand, pyrimidine ligand, pyridazine ligand, triazine ligand, thiazole ligand, oxazole ligand, pyrrole ligand, imidazole ligand, pyrazole ligand, triazole And a condensed ring containing them (for example, quinoline ligand, benzothiazole ligand, etc.).
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 bonded to Pt with a nitrogen atom may be neutral ligands or anionic ligands, and as neutral ligands, nitrogen-containing aromatic hetero Ring ligand (pyridine ligand, pyrazine ligand, pyrimidine ligand, pyridazine ligand, triazine ligand, imidazole ligand, pyrazole ligand, triazole ligand, oxazole ligand, Examples include thiazole ligands and condensed rings containing them (for example, quinoline ligands, benzimidazole ligands), amine ligands, nitrile ligands, and imine ligands.
- nitrogen-containing aromatic hetero Ring ligand pyridine ligand, pyrazine ligand, pyrimidine ligand, pyridazine ligand, triazine ligand, imidazole
- anionic ligands include amino ligands, imino ligands, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ligands (pyrrole ligands, imidazole ligands, triazole ligands and condensed rings containing them) (For example, indole ligand, benzimidazole ligand, etc.)).
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 bonded to Pt with an oxygen atom may be neutral ligands or anionic ligands, and neutral ligands are ether ligands, Examples include ketone ligands, ester ligands, amide ligands, oxygen-containing heterocyclic ligands (furan ligands, oxazole ligands and condensed rings containing them (benzoxazole ligands, etc.)). It is done.
- the anionic ligand include an alkoxy ligand, an aryloxy ligand, a heteroaryloxy ligand, an acyloxy ligand, a silyloxy ligand, and the like.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 bonded to Pt with a sulfur atom may be neutral ligands or anionic ligands, and neutral ligands include thioether ligands, Examples include thioketone ligands, thioester ligands, thioamide ligands, sulfur-containing heterocyclic ligands (thiophene ligands, thiazole ligands and condensed rings containing them (such as benzothiazole ligands)). It is done.
- the anionic ligand include an alkyl mercapto ligand, an aryl mercapto ligand, and a heteroaryl mercapto ligand.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 bonded to Pt with a phosphorus atom may be neutral ligands or anionic ligands, and neutral ligands include phosphine ligands, Examples include phosphate ester ligands, phosphite ester ligands, and phosphorus-containing heterocyclic ligands (phosphinin ligands, etc.).
- Anionic ligands include phosphino ligands and phosphinyl ligands.
- phosphoryl ligands The groups represented by Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3, and Q 4 may have a substituent, and those listed as the substituent group A can be appropriately applied as the substituent.
- substituents may be connected to each other (when Q 3 and Q 4 are connected, a Pt complex of a cyclic tetradentate ligand is formed).
- the group represented by Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon ring ligand bonded to Pt with a carbon atom, and an aromatic heterocyclic ligand bonded to Pt with a carbon atom.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Divalent linking groups represented by L 1 , L 2 and L 3 include alkylene groups (methylene, ethylene, propylene, etc.), arylene groups (phenylene, naphthalenediyl), heteroarylene groups (pyridinediyl, thiophenediyl, etc.) ), Imino group (—NR L —) (such as phenylimino group), oxy group (—O—), thio group (—S—), phosphinidene group (—PR L —) (such as phenylphosphinidene group), silylene (-SiR L R L '-) ( dimethylsilylene group, a diphenylsilylene group), or the like combinations thereof.
- R L and R L ′ each independently include an alkyl group, an aryl group, and the like. These linking groups may further have a substituent.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, an imino group, an oxy group, a thio group or a silylene group. More preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, an arylene group or an imino group, still more preferably a single bond, an alkylene group or an arylene group, still more preferably a single bond, a methylene group or a phenylene group, still more preferably.
- Single bond, disubstituted methylene group more preferably single bond, dimethylmethylene group, diethylmethylene group, diisobutylmethylene group, dibenzylmethylene group, ethylmethylmethylene group, methylpropylmethylene group, isobutylmethylmethylene group, diphenyl Methylene, methylphenylmethylene, cyclohexanediyl, cycl A lopentanediyl group, a fluorenediyl group, and a fluoromethylmethylene group.
- L 1 is particularly preferably a dimethylmethylene group, a diphenylmethylene group, or a cyclohexanediyl group, and most preferably a dimethylmethylene group.
- L 2 and L 3 are most preferably a single bond.
- platinum complexes represented by the general formula (C-1) a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (C-2) is more preferable.
- L 21 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- a 21 and A 22 each independently represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Z 21 and Z 22 each independently represent a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Z 23 and Z 24 each independently represent a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocycle.
- L 21 has the same meaning as L 1 in formula (C-1), and the preferred range is also the same.
- a 21 and A 22 each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom. Of A 21, A 22, Preferably, at least one is a carbon atom, it A 21, A 22 are both carbon atoms are preferred from the standpoint of emission quantum yield stability aspects and complexes of the complex .
- Z 21 and Z 22 each independently represent a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle represented by Z 21 and Z 22 include a pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, triazine ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, triazole ring, oxadiazole ring, Examples include thiadiazole rings.
- the ring represented by Z 21 and Z 22 is preferably a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, an imidazole ring or a pyrazole ring, more preferably a pyridine ring.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle represented by Z 21 and Z 22 may have a substituent, and the substituent group A is a substituent on a carbon atom, and the substituent on a nitrogen atom is The substituent group B can be applied.
- the substituent on the carbon atom is preferably an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a dialkylamino group, a diarylamino group, an alkoxy group, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom.
- the substituent is appropriately selected for controlling the emission wavelength and potential, but in the case of shortening the wavelength, an electron donating group, a fluorine atom, and an aromatic ring group are preferable.
- an alkyl group, a dialkylamino group, an alkoxy group, A fluorine atom, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group and the like are selected.
- an electron withdrawing group is preferable, and for example, a cyano group, a perfluoroalkyl group, or the like is selected.
- the substituent on the nitrogen atom is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and an alkyl group or an aryl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the stability of the complex.
- the substituents may be linked to form a condensed ring, and the formed ring includes a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, and a pyrazole. Ring, thiophene ring, furan ring and the like.
- Z 23 and Z 24 each independently represent a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocycle.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle represented by Z 23 and Z 24 include a pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, triazole ring, oxadi Examples include an azole ring, a thiadiazole ring, a thiophene ring, and a furan ring.
- the ring represented by Z 23 and Z 24 is preferably a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, or a thiophene ring, More preferred are a benzene ring, a pyridine ring and a pyrazole ring, and still more preferred are a benzene ring and a pyridine ring.
- the benzene ring and nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle represented by Z 23 and Z 24 may have a substituent.
- the substituent group A is substituted on the nitrogen atom.
- the substituent group B can be applied as the group.
- Preferred substituents on carbon are alkyl groups, perfluoroalkyl groups, aryl groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups, dialkylamino groups, diarylamino groups, alkoxy groups, cyano groups, and fluorine atoms.
- the substituent is appropriately selected for controlling the emission wavelength and potential, but in the case of increasing the wavelength, an electron donating group and an aromatic ring group are preferable, for example, an alkyl group, a dialkylamino group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, An aromatic heterocyclic group or the like is selected.
- an electron withdrawing group is preferable, and for example, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a perfluoroalkyl group, and the like are selected.
- the substituent on the nitrogen atom is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and an alkyl group or an aryl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the stability of the complex.
- the substituents may be linked to form a condensed ring, and the formed ring includes a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, and a pyrazole. Ring, thiophene ring, furan ring and the like.
- platinum complexes represented by the general formula (C-2) one of the more preferred embodiments is a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (C-4).
- a 401 to A 414 each independently represents C—R or a nitrogen atom.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- L 41 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- a 401 to A 414 each independently represents C—R or a nitrogen atom.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituent represented by R those exemplified as the substituent group A can be applied.
- a 401 to A 406 are preferably C—R, and Rs may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- R in A 402 and A 405 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a fluorine atom, or a cyano group.
- R in A 401 , A 403 , A 404 and A 406 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an amino group.
- L 41 has the same meaning as L 1 in formula (C-1), and the preferred range is also the same.
- the number of N is preferably 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 to 1.
- a 408 or A 412 is preferably a nitrogen atom, and both A 408 and A 412 are more preferably nitrogen atoms.
- R in A 408 and A 412 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a fluorine atom, A cyano group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a perfluoroalkyl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group or a cyano group.
- R in A 407 , A 409 , A 411 and A 413 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, more preferably Of these, a hydrogen atom, a perfluoroalkyl group, a fluorine atom, and a cyano group are preferable, and a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, and a fluorine atom are particularly preferable.
- R in A 410 and A 414 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- platinum complexes represented by the general formula (C-2) one of the more preferred embodiments is a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (C-5).
- a 501 to A 512 each independently represents C—R or a nitrogen atom, R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and L 51 represents a single bond or a divalent linkage. Represents a group.
- a 501 to A 506 and L 51 have the same meanings as A 401 to A 406 and L 41 in formula (C-4), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- a 507 , A 508 and A 509 and A 510 , A 511 and A 512 each independently represent C—R or a nitrogen atom.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituent represented by R those exemplified as the substituent group A can be applied.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, Dialkylamino group, diarylamino group, alkyloxy group, cyano group, fluorine atom, more preferably hydrogen atom, alkyl group, perfluoroalkyl group, aryl group, dialkylamino group, cyano group, fluorine atom, more preferably A hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a fluorine atom.
- the substituents may be linked to form a condensed ring structure.
- At least one of A 507 , A 508 and A 509 and A 510 , A 511 and A 512 is preferably a nitrogen atom, and particularly preferably A 510 or A 507 is a nitrogen atom.
- platinum complexes represented by the general formula (C-1) another more preferable embodiment is a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (C-6).
- L 61 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- a 61 independently represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Z 61 and Z 62 each independently represent a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Z 63 independently represents a benzene ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and Y is an anionic acyclic ligand bonded to Pt.
- L 61 has the same meaning as L 1 in formula (C-1), and the preferred range is also the same.
- a 61 represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom. In view of the stability of the complex and the light emission quantum yield of the complex, A 61 is preferably a carbon atom.
- Z 61 and Z 62 are synonymous with Z 21 and Z 22 in the general formula (C-2), respectively, and preferred ranges thereof are also the same.
- Z 63 has the same meaning as Z 23 in formula (C-2), and the preferred range is also the same.
- Y is an anionic acyclic ligand that binds to Pt.
- An acyclic ligand is one in which atoms bonded to Pt do not form a ring in the form of a ligand.
- a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom are preferable, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom are more preferable, and an oxygen atom is the most preferable.
- a vinyl ligand is mentioned as Y couple
- Examples of Y bonded to Pt with an oxygen atom include an alkoxy ligand, an aryloxy ligand, a heteroaryloxy ligand, an acyloxy ligand, a silyloxy ligand, a carboxyl ligand, a phosphate ligand, Examples thereof include sulfonic acid ligands.
- Examples of Y bonded to Pt with a sulfur atom include alkyl mercapto ligands, aryl mercapto ligands, heteroaryl mercapto ligands, and thiocarboxylic acid ligands.
- the ligand represented by Y may have a substituent, and those exemplified as the substituent group A can be appropriately applied as the substituent. Moreover, substituents may be connected to each other.
- the ligand represented by Y is preferably a ligand bonded to Pt with an oxygen atom, more preferably an acyloxy ligand, an alkyloxy ligand, an aryloxy ligand, a heteroaryloxy ligand. , A silyloxy ligand, and more preferably an acyloxy ligand.
- platinum complexes represented by the general formula (C-6) one of more preferred embodiments is a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (C-7).
- a 701 to A 710 each independently represents C—R or a nitrogen atom, R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, L 71 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, Y represents An anionic acyclic ligand that binds to Pt.
- L 71 has the same meaning as L 61 in formula (C-6), and the preferred range is also the same.
- a 701 to A 710 have the same meanings as A 401 to A 410 in formula (C-4), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Y has the same meaning as Y in formula (C-6), and the preferred range is also the same.
- platinum complex represented by the general formula (C-1) include [0143] to [0152], [0157] to [0158], and [0162] to [0168] of JP-A-2005-310733.
- Examples of the platinum complex compound represented by the general formula (C-1) include Journal of Organic Chemistry 53,786, (1988), G.S. R. Newkome et al. ), Page 789, the method described in left line 53 to right line 7, line 790, the method described in left line 18 to line 38, the method described in page 790, right line 19 to line 30 and The combination, Chemische Berichte 113, 2749 (1980), H.C. Lexy et al.), Page 2752, lines 26 to 35, and the like.
- a ligand or a dissociated product thereof and a metal compound are mixed with a solvent (for example, a halogen solvent, an alcohol solvent, an ether solvent, an ester solvent, a ketone solvent, a nitrile solvent, an amide solvent, a sulfone solvent,
- a solvent for example, a halogen solvent, an alcohol solvent, an ether solvent, an ester solvent, a ketone solvent, a nitrile solvent, an amide solvent, a sulfone solvent
- a base inorganic or organic various bases such as sodium methoxide, t-butoxypotassium, triethylamine, potassium carbonate, etc.
- a base inorganic or organic various bases such as sodium methoxide, t-butoxypotassium, triethylamine, potassium carbonate, etc.
- a base inorganic or organic various bases such as sodium methoxide, t-butoxypotassium, triethylamine
- the content of the compound represented by formula (C-1) in the light emitting layer of the present invention is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass in the light emitting layer. More preferably, it is 20 mass%.
- the iridium complex is preferably an iridium complex represented by the following general formula (T-1). [Compound represented by formula (T-1)] The compound represented by formula (T-1) will be described.
- R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, —CN, perfluoro An alkyl group, a trifluorovinyl group, —CO 2 R T , —C (O) R T , —N (R T ) 2 , —NO 2 , —OR T , a fluorine atom, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; Furthermore, you may have the substituent Z.
- Q is a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring or condensed aromatic heterocyclic ring containing one or more nitrogen atoms.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 may be bonded to any two adjacent to each other to form a condensed 4- to 7-membered ring, and the condensed 4- to 7-membered ring is cycloalkyl, aryl or hetero It is aryl, and the condensed 4- to 7-membered ring may further have a substituent Z.
- Z is each independently a fluorine atom, —R ′, —OR ′, —N (R ′) 2 , —SR ′, —C (O) R ′, —C (O) OR ′, —C (O).
- N (R ') 2, -CN , -NO 2, -SO 2, -SOR', - SO 2 R ', or -SO 3 R' represents, R 'are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, A perfluoroalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heteroalkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group is represented.
- (XY) represents a ligand.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- m + n is 3.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, may be saturated or unsaturated, and examples of the group that may be substituted include the above-described substituent Z.
- the alkyl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Group, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, t-butyl group and the like.
- the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent, may be saturated or unsaturated, and examples of the group that may be substituted include the above-described substituent Z.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 ring members, and more preferably a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 total carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkenyl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkynyl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- ethynyl, propargyl, 1-propynyl, 3-pentynyl and the like are examples thereof.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 include those in which all the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned alkyl group are replaced with fluorine atoms.
- the aryl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, or a naphthyl group. Groups and the like.
- the heteroaryl group represented by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is preferably a heteroaryl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered substitution.
- an unsubstituted heteroaryl group for example, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, pyrrolyl group, indolyl group , Furyl group, benzofuryl group, thienyl group, benzothienyl group, pyrazolyl group, imidazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, triazolyl group, oxazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, thiazoly
- R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cyano group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a dialkylamino group, a fluorine atom, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, more preferably Is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a fluorine atom or an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- substituent Z an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, and a dialkylamino group are preferable, and a hydrogen atom is more preferable.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 may be bonded to any two adjacent to each other to form a condensed 4- to 7-membered ring, and the condensed 4- to 7-membered ring is cycloalkyl, aryl or hetero It is aryl, and the condensed 4- to 7-membered ring may further have a substituent Z.
- the definition and preferred range of cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl formed are the same as the cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and heteroaryl group defined by R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 .
- Examples of the aromatic heterocyclic ring represented by ring Q include a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, a triazole ring, an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a thiazole ring, and a thiadiazole ring.
- a pyridine ring and a pyrazine ring are preferable, and a pyridine ring is more preferable.
- Examples of the condensed aromatic heterocycle represented by ring Q include a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, and a quinoxaline ring. Preferred are a quinoline ring and an isoquinoline ring, and more preferred is a quinoline ring.
- M is preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 2 or 3. That is, n is preferably 0 or 1. It is preferable that the kind of ligand in a complex is comprised from 1 or 2 types, More preferably, it is 1 type. When introducing a reactive group into the complex molecule, it is also preferred that the ligand consists of two types from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- the metal complex represented by the general formula (T-1) includes a ligand represented by the following general formula (T-1-A) in the general formula (T-1) or a tautomer thereof, and (X -Y) or a combination with a tautomer thereof, or all of the ligands of the metal complex are represented by the following general formula (T-1-A) Or a tautomer thereof.
- R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and Q are the same as R 3 ′, R 3 , R 4 , (It is synonymous with R 5 , R 6 and Q. * represents the coordination position to iridium.)
- a ligand used for forming a conventionally known metal complex
- a ligand also referred to as a coordination compound
- XY a ligand represented by (XY). You may do it.
- ligands used in conventionally known metal complexes.
- ligands eg, halogen ligands (preferably chlorine ligands), etc., published in 1987, published by Yersin, “Organometallic Chemistry-Fundamentals and Applications-”
- Nitrogen heteroaryl ligands for example, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, etc.
- diketone ligands for example, acetylacetone, etc.
- the ligand represented by (XY) is preferably a diketone or a picolinic acid.
- the derivative is most preferably acetylacetonate (acac) shown below from the viewpoint of obtaining stability of the complex and high luminous efficiency.
- Rx, Ry and Rz each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituent include a substituent selected from the substituent group A.
- Rx and Rz are each independently an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a fluorine atom or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A fluorine atom and an optionally substituted phenyl group are most preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a fluorine atom, and a phenyl group are most preferable.
- Ry is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a fluorine atom, or an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted phenyl group. And most preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Since these ligands are considered not to be sites where electrons are transported in the device or where electrons are concentrated by excitation, Rx, Ry, and Rz may be any chemically stable substituent, and the effects of the present invention can be achieved. Also has no effect. Since the complex synthesis method is easy, (I-1), (I-4) or (I-5) is preferred, and (I-1) is most preferred.
- the ligand represented by (XY) is most preferably acetylacetonate (acac) described above from the viewpoint of obtaining the stability of the complex and high luminous efficiency.
- a monoanionic ligand represented by the general formula (I-15) can also be used as the ligand.
- R 7 to R 10 in formula (I-15) have the same meanings as R 3 to R 6 in formula (T-1), and the preferred ranges are also the same.
- R 7 ′ to R 10 ′ have the same meaning as R 3 ′, and the preferred range is also the same as R 3 ′. * Represents a coordination position to iridium in the general formula (T-1).
- the compound represented by the general formula (T-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (T-2).
- R 3 ′ to R 6 ′ and R 3 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, —CN, perfluoroalkyl group.
- R T each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heteroalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, and may further have a substituent Z.
- Z is each independently a fluorine atom, —R ′, —OR ′, —N (R ′) 2 , —SR ′, —C (O) R ′, —C (O) OR ′, —C (O).
- R ' represents, R 'are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, A perhaloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heteroalkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group is represented.
- (XY) represents a ligand.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- m + n is 3.
- R 3 ', R 3 ⁇ R 6, (X-Y), the preferred range of m and n, R 3 in the general formula (T-1)' in the general formula (T-2), R 3 ⁇ R 6, This is the same as the preferred range of (XY), m and n.
- R 4 ′ is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a fluorine atom, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 5 ′ and R 6 ′ represent a hydrogen atom or are preferably bonded to each other to form a condensed 4- to 7-membered cyclic group, and the condensed 4- to 7-membered cyclic group includes cycloalkyl, cyclohetero More preferred is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and even more preferred is aryl.
- the substituent Z in R 4 ′ to R 6 ′ is preferably an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkylamino group, or a diarylamino group, and more preferably an alkyl group.
- T-2 One preferred form of the compound represented by the general formula (T-2) is R 3 ′, R 4 ′, R 5 ′, R 6 ′, R 3 , R 4 in the general formula (T-2). , R 5 and R 6 , any two adjacent to each other are not bonded to each other to form a condensed ring.
- T-2 One preferred form of the compound represented by the general formula (T-2) is a case represented by the following general formula (T-3).
- R 3 ' ⁇ R 6', and R 3 ⁇ R 6 in formula (T-3) is, R 3 ' ⁇ R 6' in the general formula (T-2), and have the same meanings as R 3 ⁇ R 6
- the preferable range is also the same.
- R 7 to R 10 have the same meanings as R 3 to R 6 , and the preferred ranges are also the same.
- R 7 ′ to R 10 ′ have the same meanings as R 3 ′ to R 6 ′, and preferred ranges thereof are also the same.
- T-2 Another preferred embodiment of the compound represented by the general formula (T-2) is a compound represented by the following general formula (T-4).
- R 3 ′ to R 6 ′, R 3 to R 6 , (XY), m and n in the general formula (T-4) are R 3 ′ to R 6 ′, R in the general formula (T-2). It is synonymous with 3 to R 6 , (XY), m and n, and the preferred range is also the same.
- R 3 ′ to R 6 ′ and R 3 to R 6 it is particularly preferred that 0 to 2 are alkyl groups or phenyl groups, and the rest are all hydrogen atoms, and R 3 ′ to R 6 ′ and R 3 to R 6 among 6 and the remainder are all hydrogen atoms more preferably one or two alkyl groups.
- T-2 Another preferred embodiment of the compound represented by the general formula (T-2) is a compound represented by the following general formula (T-5).
- R 3 ′ to R 7 ′, R 3 to R 6 , (XY), m and n in the general formula (T-5) are R 3 ′ to R 6 ′, R in the general formula (T-2). It is synonymous with 3 to R 6 , (XY), m and n, and the preferred ones are also the same.
- T-1 Another preferred embodiment of the compound represented by the general formula (T-1) is a case represented by the following general formula (T-6).
- R 1a to R 1i are the same as those in R 3 to R 6 in general formula (T-1). Further, it is particularly preferable that 0 to 2 of R 1a to R 1i are alkyl groups or aryl groups and the rest are all hydrogen atoms.
- the definitions and preferred ranges of (XY), m, and n are the same as (XY), m, and n in formula (T-1).
- the compounds exemplified as the compound represented by the general formula (T-1) can be synthesized by the method described in JP2009-99783A or various methods described in US Pat. No. 7,279,232. After synthesis, it is preferable to purify by sublimation purification after purification by column chromatography, recrystallization or the like. By sublimation purification, not only can organic impurities be separated, but inorganic salts and residual solvents can be effectively removed.
- the compound represented by the general formula (T-1) is contained in the light emitting layer, but its use is not limited and may be further contained in any layer in the organic layer.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (T-7) or a compound having a carbene as a ligand can also be preferably used.
- R 11 to R 17 have the same meanings as R 3 to R 6 in general formula (T-2), and the preferred ranges are also the same.
- (XY), n and m have the same meanings as (XY), n and m in formula (T-2), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the light emitting material in the light emitting layer is generally contained in the light emitting layer in an amount of 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the compound forming the light emitting layer. From the viewpoint of durability and external quantum efficiency.
- the content is preferably 1% by mass to 50% by mass, and more preferably 2% by mass to 40% by mass.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 2 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 3 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 100 nm from the viewpoint of external quantum efficiency. More preferably.
- the light emitting layer in the element of the present invention may be composed of only a light emitting material, or may be a mixed layer of a host material and a light emitting material.
- the kind of the light emitting material may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the host material is preferably a charge transport material.
- the host material may be one kind or two or more kinds, and examples thereof include a configuration in which an electron transporting host material and a hole transporting host material are mixed.
- the light emitting layer may contain a material that does not have charge transporting properties and does not emit light.
- the light emitting layer may be a single layer or a multilayer of two or more layers, and each layer may contain the same light emitting material or host material, or each layer may contain a different material. When there are a plurality of light emitting layers, each of the light emitting layers may emit light with different emission colors.
- the host material is a compound mainly responsible for charge injection and transport in the light emitting layer, and itself is a compound that does not substantially emit light.
- “substantially does not emit light” means that the amount of light emitted from the compound that does not substantially emit light is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less of the total amount of light emitted from the entire device. Preferably it says 1% or less.
- a compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) of the present invention can be used as the host material.
- Examples of other host materials that can be used in the present invention include the following compounds. Pyrrole, indole, carbazole, azaindole, azacarbazole, triazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, imidazole, thiophene, polyarylalkane, pyrazoline, pyrazolone, phenylenediamine, arylamine, amino-substituted chalcone, styrylanthracene, fluorenone, hydrazone , Stilbene, silazane, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, porphyrin compounds, polysilane compounds, poly (N-vinylcarbazole), aniline copolymers, thiophene oligomers, polythiophene and other conductive polymer oligomers , Organic silane, carbon film, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, imidazole,
- the host material that can be used in combination may be a hole transporting host material or an electron transporting host material, but a hole transporting host material can be used.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a host material.
- the host material is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (4-1) or (4-2). In the present invention, it is more preferable that the light emitting layer contains at least one compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or (4-2).
- the compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or (4-2) when the compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or (4-2) is contained in the light emitting layer, the compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or (4-2) is
- the light emitting layer preferably contains 30 to 100% by mass, more preferably 40 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 50 to 100% by mass.
- each layer when the compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or (4-2) is used in a plurality of organic layers, it is preferable that each layer contains the above-mentioned range.
- the compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or (4-2) may contain only one kind in any organic layer, and a plurality of general formulas (4-1) or (4) The compound represented by -2) may be contained in combination at any ratio.
- R ′ 8 is Each independently represents a substituent, and when d, e and f are 2 or more, R ′ 8 may be different or the same, and at least one of R ′ 8 is represented by the following general formula (5). Represents a carbazole group.
- R ′ 9 each independently represents a substituent.
- G represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R ′ 8 independently represents a substituent, specifically, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, or a substituent represented by the general formula (5) It is.
- R ′ 8 does not represent the general formula (5), it is preferably an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms. It is.
- R ′ 9 each independently represents a substituent, specifically a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, preferably an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, A substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms.
- g represents an integer of 0 to 8 and is preferably 0 to 4 from the viewpoint of not shielding too much the carbazole skeleton responsible for charge transport. From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, when carbazole has a substituent, those having a substituent so as to be symmetric with respect to the nitrogen atom are preferable.
- the sum of d and e is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of maintaining the charge transport ability.
- R ′ 8 is preferably substituted with meta for the other benzene ring. The reason for this is that in ortho substitution, the steric hindrance between adjacent substituents is large, so that the bond is easily cleaved, and the durability is lowered. In addition, in para substitution, the molecular shape approaches a rigid rod shape and is easily crystallized, so that element degradation is likely to occur under high temperature conditions.
- a compound represented by the following structure is preferable.
- R in the structure shown below '9 and g, R in the formula (5)' is synonymous with 9 and g.
- f is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of maintaining the charge transport ability.
- R ′ 8 is substituted with meta from the same viewpoint.
- a compound represented by the following structure is preferable.
- R in the structure shown below '9 and g, R in the formula (5)' is synonymous with 9 and g.
- an isotope of hydrogen such as a deuterium atom
- all hydrogen atoms in the compound may be replaced with hydrogen isotopes, or a mixture in which a part is a compound containing hydrogen isotopes may be used.
- R ′ 9 in the general formula (5) is substituted with deuterium, and the following structures are particularly preferable.
- the atoms constituting the substituents also include their isotopes.
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (4-1) and (4-2) can be synthesized by combining various known synthesis methods.
- carbazole compounds are synthesized by dehydroaromatization after the Athercorp rearrangement reaction of a condensate of an aryl hydrazine and a cyclohexane derivative (LF Tieze, by Th. Eicher, translated by Takano, Ogasawara, Precision organic synthesis, page 339 (published by Nankodo).
- LF Tieze by Th. Eicher, translated by Takano, Ogasawara, Precision organic synthesis, page 339 (published by Nankodo).
- LF Tieze by Th. Eicher, translated by Takano, Ogasawara, Precision organic synthesis, page 339 (published by Nankodo).
- LF Tieze by Th. Eicher, translated by Takano, Ogasawara, Precision organic synthesis, page 339 (published by Nankodo).
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (4-1) and (4-2) preferably form a thin layer by a vacuum deposition process, but a wet process such as solution coating is also preferably used. I can do it.
- the molecular weight of the compound is preferably 2000 or less, more preferably 1200 or less, and particularly preferably 800 or less from the viewpoints of deposition suitability and solubility. Also, from the viewpoint of vapor deposition suitability, if the molecular weight is too small, the vapor pressure becomes small, the change from the gas phase to the solid phase does not occur, and it is difficult to form an organic layer. Particularly preferred.
- the general formulas (4-1) and (4-2) are preferably compounds represented by the following structures or compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium atoms.
- R in the structure shown below '8 the formula (4-1) and (4-2) R' in the same meaning as 8
- R '9 is R in the formula (5)' and 9 It is synonymous.
- the triplet lowest excitation energy (T 1 energy) of each host material is higher than the T 1 energy of the phosphorescent light emitting material.
- the content of the host compound in the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of light emission efficiency and driving voltage, it is 15% by mass to 95% by mass with respect to the total compound mass forming the light emitting layer. Preferably there is.
- the electrode includes an anode, a charge transport layer is provided between the light emitting layer and the anode, and the charge transport layer includes a carbazole compound.
- the charge transport layer refers to a layer in which charge transfer occurs when a voltage is applied to the organic electroluminescent element. Specific examples include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, a light emitting layer, a hole block layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. A hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or a light emitting layer is preferable.
- the charge transport layer formed by the coating method is a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, or a light emitting layer, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent element with low cost and high efficiency.
- the charge transport layer is more preferably a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron block layer.
- the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are layers having a function of receiving holes from the anode or the anode side and transporting them to the cathode side.
- the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer the matters described in paragraph numbers [0165] to [0167] of JP-A-2008-270736 can be applied to the present invention.
- the hole injection layer preferably contains an electron accepting dopant.
- an electron-accepting dopant may be any organic material or inorganic material as long as it can extract electrons from the doped material and generate radical cations.
- TCNQ tetracyanoquinodimethane
- F 4 -TCNQ tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane
- molybdenum oxide and the like.
- the electron-accepting dopant in the hole injection layer is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 50% by mass, and preferably 0.1% by mass to 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of the compound forming the hole injection layer. % Content is more preferable, and 0.5% by mass to 30% by mass is more preferable.
- the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are layers having a function of receiving electrons from the cathode or the cathode side and transporting them to the anode side.
- the electron injection material and the electron transport material used for these layers may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound.
- As the electron transport material a compound represented by the general formula (Cz-1) or (Cz-2) of the present invention can be used.
- Other materials include pyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, phthalazine derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, triazine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, Metal complexes of anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, distyrylpyrazine derivatives, naphthalene, perylene, and other aromatic ring tetracarboxylic anhydrides, phthalocyanine derivatives, 8-quinolinol derivatives And metal phthalocyanines, various metal complexes represented by metal complexes with benzoxazole and benzothiazole ligands, It is preferable that a layer
- the thicknesses of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are each preferably 500 nm or less from the viewpoint of lowering the driving voltage.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is preferably 1 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, and even more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the thickness of the electron injection layer is preferably from 0.1 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 0.2 nm to 100 nm, and even more preferably from 0.5 nm to 50 nm.
- the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above-described materials, or may have a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
- the electron injection layer preferably contains an electron donating dopant.
- an electron donating dopant may be any organic material or inorganic material as long as it can give electrons to the doped material and generate radical anions.
- TTF tetrathiafulvalene
- TTT Tetrathianaphthacene
- the electron donating dopant in the electron injection layer is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 50% by mass, and 0.1% by mass to 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of the compound forming the electron injection layer. More preferably, the content is 0.5 to 30% by mass.
- the hole blocking layer is a layer having a function of preventing holes transported from the anode side to the light emitting layer from passing through to the cathode side.
- a hole blocking layer can be provided as an organic layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side.
- organic compounds constituting the hole blocking layer include aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate (Aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4- aluminum complexes such as phenylphenolate (abbreviated as BAlq), triazole derivatives, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-) phenanthroline derivatives such as phenanthroline (abbreviated as BCP)) and the like.
- BAlq phenylphenolate
- BAlq phenylphenolate
- BCP phenanthroline
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer is preferably 1 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, and even more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the hole blocking layer may have a single layer structure made of one or more of the materials described above, or may have a multilayer structure made of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer having a function of preventing electrons transported from the cathode side to the light emitting layer from passing through to the anode side.
- an electron blocking layer can be provided as an organic layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the anode side.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 1 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, and even more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the electron blocking layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above-described materials, or may have a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
- the entire organic EL element may be protected by a protective layer.
- the protective layer the matters described in JP-A-2008-270736, paragraphs [0169] to [0170] can be applied to the present invention.
- the element of this invention may seal the whole element using a sealing container.
- the sealing container the matters described in paragraph [0171] of JP-A-2008-270736 can be applied to the present invention.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention emits light by applying a direct current (which may include an alternating current component as necessary) voltage (usually 2 to 15 volts) or a direct current between the anode and the cathode.
- a direct current which may include an alternating current component as necessary
- the driving method of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is described in JP-A-2-148687, JP-A-6-301355, JP-A-5-290080, JP-A-7-134558, JP-A-8-234585, and JP-A-8-2441047.
- the driving methods described in each publication, Japanese Patent No. 2784615, US Pat. Nos. 5,828,429 and 6,023,308 can be applied.
- the external quantum efficiency of the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is preferably 7% or more, more preferably 10% or more, and further preferably 12% or more.
- the value of the external quantum efficiency should be the maximum value of the external quantum efficiency when the device is driven at 20 ° C., or the value of the external quantum efficiency around 300 to 400 cd / m 2 when the device is driven at 20 ° C. Can do.
- the internal quantum efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and further preferably 70% or more.
- the internal quantum efficiency of the device is calculated by dividing the external quantum efficiency by the light extraction efficiency. In a normal organic EL element, the light extraction efficiency is about 20%.
- the element of the present invention can be suitably used for a display element, a display, a backlight, electrophotography, an illumination light source, a recording light source, an exposure light source, a reading light source, a sign, a signboard, an interior, or optical communication.
- a device driven in a region having a high light emission luminance such as a lighting device and a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the light emitting device of the present invention.
- the light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 is comprised by the board
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the light emitting device of the present invention.
- the light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 is comprised by the board
- the organic electroluminescent device 10 is configured by sequentially laminating an anode (first electrode) 3, an organic layer 11, and a cathode (second electrode) 9 on a substrate 2.
- a protective layer 12 is laminated on the cathode 9, and a sealing container 16 is provided on the protective layer 12 with an adhesive layer 14 interposed therebetween.
- a part of each electrode 3 and 9, a partition, an insulating layer, etc. are abbreviate
- the adhesive layer 14 a photocurable adhesive such as an epoxy resin or a thermosetting adhesive can be used, and for example, a thermosetting adhesive sheet can also be used.
- the use of the light-emitting device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be a display device such as a television, a personal computer, a mobile phone, and electronic paper in addition to a lighting device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the illumination device of the present invention.
- the illumination device 40 of the present invention includes the organic EL element 10 and the light scattering member 30 described above. More specifically, the lighting device 40 is configured such that the substrate 2 of the organic EL element 10 and the light scattering member 30 are in contact with each other.
- the light scattering member 30 is not particularly limited as long as it can scatter light.
- the light scattering member 30 is a member in which fine particles 32 are dispersed on a transparent substrate 31.
- the transparent substrate 31 for example, a glass substrate can be preferably cited.
- transparent resin fine particles can be preferably exemplified.
- the glass substrate and the transparent resin fine particles known ones can be used.
- the incident light is scattered by the light scattering member 30, and the scattered light is emitted from the light emitting surface 30B. It is emitted as illumination light.
- Example 1-1 Synthesis of Exemplary Compound (1)
- the compound was synthesized and purified by the method described in Synthesis Example 2 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399, and crude crystals of exemplary compound (1) (hereinafter referred to as “crude 1”). ”).
- Crude 2 was recrystallized with toluene / hexane (1/1 (volume ratio)) to obtain crude crystals (hereinafter referred to as “crude 3”). Crude 3 was further recrystallized with toluene / hexane (1/1 (volume ratio)) to obtain crude crystals (denoted as “crude 4”).
- the purified crystal obtained by sublimation purification of crude 2 is “sublimation 2”
- the purified crystal obtained by sublimation purification of crude 3 is “sublimation 3”
- the purified crystal obtained by sublimation purification of crude 4 is “sublimation 4”
- sublimation 4 is sublimated one more time.
- the purified crystal thus purified was designated as “Rise 5”.
- composition a powder having a uniform composition
- composition a powder having a uniform composition
- Example 1-2 Synthesis of Exemplary Compound (2)
- the synthetic intermediate (D) in Synthesis Example 2 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399 is replaced with 3,5-bis (3′-biphenyl) phenylboronic acid. Except that, Exemplified Compound (2) was synthesized in the same manner, and the same purification procedure as Exemplified Compound (1) in Example 1-1 was performed, and the same names (“crude 1”, “raise 1” etc.) I put on.
- Example 1-3 Synthesis of Exemplified Compound (9)
- Exemplified Compound (9) was synthesized in the same manner except that carbazole in Synthesis Example 2 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399 was replaced with 3-t-butylcarbazole. Then, the same purification operation as that of the exemplary compound (1) in Example 1-1 was performed, and the same names (“crude 1”, “raising 1”, etc.) were given.
- Example 1-4 Synthesis of Exemplified Compound (11)
- Exemplified Compound (11) was synthesized in the same manner except that carbazole in Synthesis Example 2 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399 was replaced with 3,6-diphenylcarbazole. Then, the same purification operation as that of the exemplary compound (1) in Example 1-1 was performed, and the same names (“crude 1”, “raising 1”, etc.) were given.
- Example 1-5 Synthesis of Exemplified Compound (13)
- Exemplified Compound (13) was synthesized in the same manner except that carbazole in Synthesis Example 2 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2004/074399 was replaced with 3-triphenylsilylcarbazole. Then, the same purification operation as that of the exemplary compound (1) in Example 1-1 was performed, and the same names (“crude 1”, “raising 1”, etc.) were given.
- Example 1-6 Synthesis of Exemplary Compound (20)
- the compound was synthesized and purified by the method described in Synthesis Example 5 of International Publication No. 2004/074399, and white powder (hereinafter referred to as “crude 1”) of exemplary compound (20). Notation).
- the crude 2 was recrystallized with toluene / hexane (1/1 (volume ratio)) to obtain crude crystals (hereinafter referred to as “crude 3”).
- Crude 1 was purified by sublimation to obtain purified crystals (hereinafter referred to as “sublimation 1”).
- Crude 2 was purified by sublimation to obtain purified crystals (hereinafter referred to as “sublimation 2”).
- Crude 3 was purified by sublimation to obtain purified crystals (hereinafter referred to as “sublimation 3”).
- Sublimation purification of sublimation 3 gave purified crystals (hereinafter referred to as “sublimation 4”).
- Example 1-7 Synthesis of Exemplary Compound (25)
- the compound was synthesized and purified by the method described in Synthesis Example 9 of International Publication No. 2004/074399, and white powder (hereinafter referred to as “crude 1”) of exemplary compound (25) was obtained. Notation). Subsequent purification methods and lot names were prepared in the same manner as in the case of the exemplified compound (20), and samples having a plurality of purities with different purification methods were prepared.
- HPLC apparatus HPLC manufactured by Shimadzu (LC-10ADVP pump, CTO-10ACVP column oven, SIL-10ADVP autosampler, RID-10A differential refraction detector, CLASS-VP analysis software)
- HPLC apparatus HPLC manufactured by Shimadzu (LC-10ADVP pump, CTO-10ACVP column oven, SIL-10ADVP autosampler, RID-10A differential refraction detector, CLASS-VP analysis software)
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Column temperature 40 ° C
- Sample concentration 0.05% by mass Note that the concentration of the sample subjected to the analysis by HPLC is 0.05% by mass, which is higher than the sample concentration in the analysis by normal HPLC, and thus impurities up to 0.001% can be effectively detected.
- Example 2-1 [Production of element] A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a 2.5 cm square ITO film (manufactured by Geomat Co., Ltd., surface resistance 10 ⁇ / ⁇ ) is placed in a cleaning container, subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in 2-propanol, and then subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 30 minutes. Went. The following organic compound layers were sequentially deposited on the transparent anode (ITO film) by vacuum deposition.
- ITO film transparent anode
- First layer CuPc: film thickness 10 nm
- Second layer NPD: film thickness 30 nm
- Third layer Ascending 5 of compound (1) and GD-1 (mass ratio 95: 5): film thickness 40 nm
- Fourth layer BAlq: film thickness 10 nm
- Fifth layer Alq: film thickness 20 nm
- 0.1 nm of lithium fluoride and 100 nm of metallic aluminum were vapor-deposited in this order to form a cathode. This is put in a glove box substituted with nitrogen gas without being exposed to the atmosphere, and sealed with a glass sealing can and an ultraviolet curable adhesive (XNR5516HV, manufactured by Nagase Ciba Co., Ltd.).
- an organic electroluminescent device 1-1 of the present invention was obtained.
- the devices 1-2 to 1-6 and the comparative devices 1-1 to 1-5 are obtained. It was.
- Table 1 shows the crystals of the compound (1) used, the purity (%) of the compound (1), the amount of each impurity (%), the efficiency and the durability. It should be noted that impurities other than impurities (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) shown in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of the impurities (1-1), (1-2), and (1-3) are shown below.
- the efficiency and durability, particularly durability, do not necessarily coincide with the order of purity of the compound (1), and the specific impurities represented by the general formula (I-1) are very high. It turns out that there is a big correlation. Even if the bromo compound is the same, the device 1-6 containing 1,3,5-tribromobenzene has no effect on the efficiency and durability, so that all the bromo compounds have an adverse effect on the device performance. However, it can be seen that the impurity represented by the general formula (I-1) has a specific adverse effect.
- Example 2-2 Next, in Example 2-1, except that the luminescent material GD-1 was changed to GD-2, an element was fabricated and evaluated, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2-3 Further, in Example 2-1, except that the luminescent material GD-1 was changed to BD-1, a device was fabricated in the same manner as the device 1-1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 2-4 Further, in Example 2-1, except that the light emitting material GD-1 was changed to RD-1, a device was fabricated and evaluated, and the results of evaluation are shown in Table 4.
- Example 3 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as the device 1-1 except that the compound (2) was used in place of the compound (1) in Example 2-1, as the host material.
- Table 5 shows the purity (%) and the amount (%) of impurities contained in each purification method. Impurities other than the impurities (2-1), (2-2) and (2-3) listed in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of impurities (2-1), (2-2), and (2-3) are shown below. In addition, the results of efficiency and durability are described as relative values when the result of the element using the material “rising 5” is 10.
- Example 4 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Device 1-1, except that compound (9) was used instead of compound (1) in Example 2-1, as the host material.
- Table 6 shows the purity (%) and the amount (%) of impurities contained in each purification method. Impurities other than the impurities (9-1), (9-2) and (9-3) listed in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of the impurities (9-1), (9-2) and (9-3) are shown below. In addition, the results of efficiency and durability are described as relative values when the result of the element using the material “rising 5” is 10.
- Example 5 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as the device 1-1, except that the compound (11) was used instead of the compound (1) in Example 2-1, as the host material.
- Table 7 shows the purity (%) and the amount of impurities (%) contained in each purification method. Impurities other than impurities (11-1), (11-2) and (11-3) listed in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of the impurities (11-1), (11-2) and (11-3) are shown below. In addition, the results of efficiency and durability are described as relative values when the result of the element using the material “rising 5” is 10.
- Example 6> A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as the device 1-1 except that the compound (13) was used instead of the compound (1) in Example 2-1, as the host material.
- Table 8 shows the purity (%) and the amount of impurities contained (%) by each purification method. Impurities other than the impurities (13-1), (13-2) and (13-3) listed in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of the impurities (13-1), (13-2), and (13-3) are shown below. In addition, the results of efficiency and durability are described as relative values when the result of the element using the material “rising 5” is 10.
- Example 7 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as the device 1-1 except that the compound (20) was used in place of the compound (1) in Example 2-1, as the host material.
- Table 9 shows the purity (%) and the amount (%) of impurities contained in each purification method. Impurities other than impurities (20-1), (20-2) and (20-3) listed in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of the impurities (20-1), (20-2) and (20-3) are shown below. In addition, the results of efficiency and durability are shown as relative values when the result of the element using the “rising 4” material is 10.
- Example 8> A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as the device 1-1, except that the compound (25) was used in place of the compound (1) in Example 2-1, as the host material.
- Table 10 shows the purity (%) and the amount of impurities (%) contained in each purification method. Impurities other than impurities (25-1), (25-2) and (25-3) described in the table were not detected by HPLC. The structures of the impurities (25-1), (25-2) and (25-3) are shown below. In addition, the results of efficiency and durability are shown as relative values when the result of the element using the “rising 4” material is 10.
- Example 9-1 A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a 2.5 cm square ITO film (manufactured by Geomat Co., Ltd., surface resistance 10 ⁇ / ⁇ ) is placed in a cleaning container, subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in 2-propanol, and then subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 30 minutes. Went.
- PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- aqueous solution BaytronP (standard product)
- the hole transport layer was formed by drying for 10 minutes at 0 degreeC.
- a toluene solution containing 1% by mass of compound (1) and 0.05% by mass of GD-1 was spin-coated (2000 rpm, 60 seconds) on the hole transport layer, and a light emitting layer (thickness 50 nm) was formed. Formed.
- BAlq was deposited to 50 nm by a vacuum deposition method to form an electron transport layer, and further, lithium fluoride 0.1 nm and metal aluminum 100 nm were deposited in this order to form a cathode.
- This is put in a glove box substituted with nitrogen gas without being exposed to the atmosphere, and sealed with a glass sealing can and an ultraviolet curable adhesive (XNR5516HV, manufactured by Nagase Ciba Co., Ltd.).
- Organic electroluminescent devices 11-1 and 11-2 and comparative devices 11-1 and 11-2 were obtained.
- Table 11 shows the results of evaluation of the efficiency and durability similar to those of the element 1-1 for each of the obtained elements. The results of efficiency and durability are shown as relative values when the result of the element using the “rise 5” material is 10.
- Example 9-1 a device was produced in the same manner as in the device 11-1, except that the compound (9) was used instead of the compound (1). Show. The results of efficiency and durability are shown as relative values when the result of the element using the “rise 5” material is 10.
- Example 9-3 Next, in Example 9-1, a device was produced in the same manner as in Device 11-1, except that compound (11) was used instead of compound (1). The results of the evaluation were shown in Table 13. Show. The results of efficiency and durability are shown as relative values when the result of the element using the “rise 5” material is 10.
- Example 9-1 a device was produced in the same manner as in Device 11-1, except that compound (13) was used instead of compound (1). Show. The results of efficiency and durability are shown as relative values when the result of the element using the “rise 5” material is 10.
- the element of the present invention can be satisfactorily produced even when the light emitting layer is formed by a solution coating method.
- the light emitting element of the present invention is designed to increase the light emission efficiency in such a case. Therefore, it can be used advantageously.
- the element of the present invention is excellent in luminous efficiency and durability even when used in a high temperature environment such as in-vehicle use, and is suitable for a light emitting device, a display device, and a lighting device.
- Cathode 10 Organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Organic layer 12 ... Protective layer 14 ... Adhesive layer 16 ... Sealing container 20 ... Light emitting device 30 ... Light scattering member 30A ... Light incident surface 30B ... Light Outgoing surface 31 ... Transparent substrate 32 ... Fine particles 40 ... Illumination device
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Abstract
Description
また、ホスト材料の開発が盛んに行われており、例えば特許文献1には発光効率が高く、画素欠陥が少なく、耐熱性に優れる素子の作製を目的として、フェニル基が置換した1,3-ビス(N-カルバゾリル)ベンゼン(mCP)誘導体、及びこれをホスト材料に用いた有機電界発光素子が開示されている。
しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の素子よりも更に高いレベルで発光効率と耐久性が両立された有機電界発光素子が求められている。
また特許文献3には、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で分析した純度が99.3%~99.9%である種々のN-カルバゾリルベンゼン誘導体をホスト材料として使用した有機EL素子が開示されているが、特許文献3においても、素子の性能への影響が大きい不純物の種類は特定されていない。
特許文献2をはじめ、不特定の不純物を減らすことで素子性能が向上する例は既に報告があるが、素子性能に影響を与える不純物は、電荷輸送材料の構造により様々である。有機化合物材料に含有される全ての不純物が、素子の性能に同じ程度の影響を与えるわけではなく、材料構造やその使用目的(例えば、素子のどの層に用いるか)により、素子の性能への影響が大きい不純物の種類は異なるはずである。本発明の電荷輸送材料においては、特定構造の微量ブロモ化合物を減少させることで耐久性が大きく向上すること、更に、他の構造の不純物はブロモ化合物であっても耐久性に影響を与えないことが見出された。
すなわち、本発明の目的は、フェニル基が置換したmCP誘導体を使用した場合において、素子の性能に悪影響を与える不純物種を特定することで、優れた発光効率と耐久性を有する有機電界発光素子を提供することである。
また、本発明の別の目的は、優れた発光効率と耐久性を有する有機電界発光素子に有用な電荷輸送材料を提供することである。更に、本発明の別の目的は、本発明の有機電界発光素子を含む発光装置、表示装置及び照明装置を提供することである。
すなわち、本発明は下記の手段により達成することができる。
R5はアルキル基、アリール基、又はシリル基を表す。但し、R5がカルバゾリル基又はペルフルオロアルキル基を表すことはない。R5が複数存在する場合、複数のR5は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また複数のR5は、互いに結合してアリール環を形成してもよい。
n1~n4はそれぞれ独立に、0~4の整数を表す。
n5は0~5の整数を表す。
n1~n4は、前記一般式(Cz-1)においてn1~n4が表す整数とそれぞれ同一である。
n5は、前記一般式(Cz-1)においてn5が表す整数と同一である。
R6及びR7はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、シアノ基、又はフッ素原子を表す。R6及びR7がそれぞれ複数存在する場合、複数のR6及び複数のR7は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また複数のR6及び複数のR7は、それぞれ互いに結合してアルキル基を有していてもよいアリール環を形成してもよい。
n6及びn7はそれぞれ独立に、0~5の整数を表す。
n6及びn7は、前記一般式(Cz-2)においてn6及びn7が表す整数と同一である。
[7]上記[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の電荷輸送材料を含む薄膜。
[9]前記電荷輸送材料が、前記発光層に含まれる、上記[8]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[10]前記一対の電極間にある有機層の少なくとも一層が、溶液塗布法により成膜された、上記[8]又は[9]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[12]上記[8]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた表示装置。
[13]上記[8]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた照明装置。
(置換基群A)
アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~10であり、例えばメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、t-ブチル、n-オクチル、n-デシル、n-ヘキサデシル、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどが挙げられる。)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばビニル、アリル、2-ブテニル、3-ペンテニルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばプロパルギル、3-ペンチニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニル、p-メチルフェニル、ナフチル、アントラニルなどが挙げられる。)、アミノ基(好ましくは炭素数0~30、より好ましくは炭素数0~20、特に好ましくは炭素数0~10であり、例えばアミノ、メチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ジベンジルアミノ、ジフェニルアミノ、ジトリルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~10であり、例えばメトキシ、エトキシ、ブトキシ、2-エチルヘキシロキシなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシ、1-ナフチルオキシ、2-ナフチルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、ヘテロ環オキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばピリジルオキシ、ピラジルオキシ、ピリミジルオキシ、キノリルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、アシル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~12であり、例えばアセチル、ベンゾイル、ホルミル、ピバロイルなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数7~30、より好ましくは炭素数7~20、特に好ましくは炭素数7~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルなどが挙げられる。)、アシルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばアセトキシ、ベンゾイルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、アシルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばアセチルアミノ、ベンゾイルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数7~30、より好ましくは炭素数7~20、特に好ましくは炭素数7~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、スルホニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメタンスルホニルアミノ、ベンゼンスルホニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、スルファモイル基(好ましくは炭素数0~30、より好ましくは炭素数0~20、特に好ましくは炭素数0~12であり、例えばスルファモイル、メチルスルファモイル、ジメチルスルファモイル、フェニルスルファモイルなどが挙げられる。)、カルバモイル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばカルバモイル、メチルカルバモイル、ジエチルカルバモイル、フェニルカルバモイルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキルチオ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメチルチオ、エチルチオなどが挙げられる。)、アリールチオ基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニルチオなどが挙げられる。)、ヘテロ環チオ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばピリジルチオ、2-ベンズイミゾリルチオ、2-ベンズオキサゾリルチオ、2-ベンズチアゾリルチオなどが挙げられる。)、スルホニル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメシル、トシルなどが挙げられる。)、スルフィニル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメタンスルフィニル、ベンゼンスルフィニルなどが挙げられる。)、ウレイド基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばウレイド、メチルウレイド、フェニルウレイドなどが挙げられる。)、リン酸アミド基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばジエチルリン酸アミド、フェニルリン酸アミドなどが挙げられる。)、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、ハロゲン原子(例えばフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、スルホ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキサム酸基、スルフィノ基、ヒドラジノ基、イミノ基、ヘテロ環基(芳香族ヘテロ環基も包含し、好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、ヘテロ原子としては、例えば窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子、セレン原子、テルル原子であり、具体的にはピリジル、ピラジニル、ピリミジル、ピリダジニル、ピロリル、ピラゾリル、トリアゾリル、イミダゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、イソキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、キノリル、フリル、チエニル、セレノフェニル、テルロフェニル、ピペリジル、ピペリジノ、モルホリノ、ピロリジル、ピロリジノ、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ベンゾイミダゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、カルバゾリル基、アゼピニル基、シロリル基などが挙げられる。)、シリル基(好ましくは炭素数3~40、より好ましくは炭素数3~30、特に好ましくは炭素数3~24であり、例えばトリメチルシリル、トリフェニルシリルなどが挙げられる。)、シリルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数3~40、より好ましくは炭素数3~30、特に好ましくは炭素数3~24であり、例えばトリメチルシリルオキシ、トリフェニルシリルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、ホスホリル基(例えばジフェニルホスホリル基、ジメチルホスホリル基などが挙げられる。)が挙げられる。これらの置換基は更に置換されてもよく、更なる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Aから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Aから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Aから選択される基を挙げることができる。
アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~10であり、例えばメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、t-ブチル、n-オクチル、n-デシル、n-ヘキサデシル、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどが挙げられる。)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばビニル、アリル、2-ブテニル、3-ペンテニルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばプロパルギル、3-ペンチニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニル、p-メチルフェニル、ナフチル、アントラニルなどが挙げられる。)、シアノ基、ヘテロ環基(芳香族ヘテロ環基も包含し、好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、ヘテロ原子としては、例えば窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子、セレン原子、テルル原子であり、具体的にはピリジル、ピラジニル、ピリミジル、ピリダジニル、ピロリル、ピラゾリル、トリアゾリル、イミダゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、イソキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、キノリル、フリル、チエニル、セレノフェニル、テルロフェニル、ピペリジル、ピペリジノ、モルホリノ、ピロリジル、ピロリジノ、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ベンゾイミダゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、カルバゾリル基、アゼピニル基、シロリル基などが挙げられる。)これらの置換基は更に置換されてもよく、更なる置換基としては、前記置換基群Bから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Bから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Bから選択される基を挙げることができる。
置換基Z’は、アルキル基、アリール基又は芳香族ヘテロ環基を表す。置換基Z’は好ましくは、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数6~18のアリール基、又は炭素数5~10の芳香族ヘテロ環基である。
以下、本発明の一般式(Cz-1)で表される化合物を含む電荷輸送材料について説明する。
R5はアルキル基、アリール基、又はシリル基を表す。但し、R5がカルバゾリル基又はペルフルオロアルキル基を表すことはない。R5が複数存在する場合、複数のR5は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また複数のR5は、互いに結合してアリール環を形成してもよい。
n1~n4はそれぞれ独立に、0~4の整数を表す。
n5は0~5の整数を表す。
R1~R4で表されるシリル基は、好ましくは炭素数0~18のシリル基であり、より好ましくは炭素数3~18のシリル基である。炭素数3~18のシリル基は、好ましくは炭素数1~6のアルキル基若しくはアリール基で置換された炭素数3~18のシリル基であり、シリル基の3つの水素原子の全てが、炭素数1~6のアルキル基及びアリール基のいずれかで置換されていることがより好ましく、全てがフェニル基で置換されていることが更に好ましい。例えば、トリメチルシリル基、トリエチルシリル基、t-ブチルジメチルシリル基、ジエチルイソプロピルシリル基、ジメチルフェニルシリル基、ジフェニルメチルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基等が挙げられ、これらのうち、トリメチルシリル基、ジメチルフェニルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基が好ましく、トリフェニルシリル基がより好ましい。
なかでも、R1~R4はそれぞれ独立に、好ましくはメチル基、イソプロピル基、t-ブチル基、ネオペンチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、フェニル基、ジメチルフェニル基、トリメチルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基、フッ素原子、及びシアノ基のいずれかであり、より好ましくはt-ブチル基、フェニル基、トリメチルシリル基、及びトリフェニルシリル基のいずれかであり、更に好ましくはt-ブチル基、フェニル基、及びトリフェニルシリル基のいずれかである。
複数のR5が互いに結合して形成するアリール環は、該複数のR5が置換する炭素原子を含め、好ましくは炭素数6~30のアリール環であり、より好ましくは炭素数6~14のアリール環である。形成する環としてはベンゼン環、ナフタレン環及びフェナントレン環のいずれかであることが好ましく、ベンゼン環及びフェナントレン環のいずれかであることがより好まく、ベンゼン環であることが更に好ましい。なお、複数のR5によって形成される環は複数存在してもよく、例えば、複数のR5がそれぞれ互いに結合して2つのベンゼン環を形成し、該複数のR5が置換するベンゼン環とともに、フェナントレン環を形成してもよい。
なかでも、R5は、好ましくは、メチル基、t-ブチル基、ネオペンチル基、無置換のフェニル基、シアノ基若しくはフッ素原子若しくはトリフルオロメチル基により置換されたフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、無置換のナフチル基、メチル基若しくはt-ブチル基により置換されたナフチル基、トリフェニルシリル基、複数のアルキル基又はアリール基がそれぞれ互いに結合して形成されたベンゼン環、ナフタレン環又はフェナントレン環であり、より好ましくは無置換のフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、又は複数のアルキル基がそれぞれ互いに結合して形成されたベンゼン環であり、更に好ましくは無置換のフェニル基、ビフェニル基又は複数のアルキル基がそれぞれ互いに結合して形成されたベンゼン環である。
R6及びR7はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、シアノ基、又はフッ素原子を表す。R6及びR7がそれぞれ複数存在する場合、複数のR6及び複数のR7は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また複数のR6及び複数のR7は、それぞれ互いに結合してアルキル基を有していてもよいアリール環を形成してもよい。
n6及びn7はそれぞれ独立に、0~5の整数を表す。
なかでも、R8~R11はそれぞれ独立に、好ましくは水素原子、メチル基、イソプロピル基、t-ブチル基、ネオペンチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、フェニル基、ジメチルフェニル基、トリメチルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基、フッ素原子、及びシアノ基のいずれかであり、より好ましくは水素原子、t-ブチル基、フェニル基、トリメチルシリル基、及びトリフェニルシリル基のいずれかであり、更に好ましくは水素原子、t-ブチル基、フェニル基、及びトリフェニルシリル基のいずれかである。
R6及びR7で表されるアリール基が、アルキル基を有する場合のアリール基は、好ましくは炭素数6~18のアリール基であり、より好ましくは炭素数6~12のアリール基である。例えば、フェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラニル基、フェナントリル基、クリセニル基等が挙げられ、これらのうちフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基、ビフェニル基、又はターフェニル基がより好ましい。
R6及びR7で表されるアリール基は、無置換のアリール基であることが好ましい。
R6及びR7で表されるアリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ジメチルフェニル基、t-ブチルフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、ナフチル基、メチルナフチル基、t-ブチルナフチル基、アントラニル基、フェナントリル基、クリセニル基等が挙げられ、フェニル基、t-ブチルフェニル基、又はビフェニル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。
複数のR6及び複数のR7が、それぞれ互いに結合して形成するアルキル基を有していてもよいアリール環は、該複数のR6及び該複数のR7のそれぞれが置換する炭素原子を含め、好ましくは炭素数1~6のアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数6~30のアリール環であり、より好ましく炭素数1~4のアルキル基を有していてもよい炭素数6~14のアリール環である。形成する環としては、炭素数1~4のアルキル基を有していてもよい、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環及びフェナントレン環のいずれかであることが好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルキル基を有していてもよいベンゼン環がより好ましく、例えば、ベンゼン環、t-ブチル基で置換されたベンゼン環等が挙げられる。なお、複数のR6又は複数のR7によって形成される環は複数存在してもよく、例えば、複数のR6又は複数のR7がそれぞれ互いに結合して2つのベンゼン環を形成し、該複数のR6又は該複数のR7が置換するベンゼン環とともに、フェナントレン環を形成してもよい。
なかでも、R6及びR7はそれぞれ独立に、好ましくは、メチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、t-ブチル基、無置換のフェニル基、t-ブチル基により置換されたフェニル基、ビフェニル基、シアノ基、フッ素原子、及び複数のアルキル基がそれぞれ互いに結合して形成された無置換のベンゼン環又はt-ブチル基により置換されたベンゼン環のいずれかであり、より好ましくはメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、無置換のフェニル基、シアノ基、フッ素原子、及び複数のアルキル基がそれぞれ互いに結合して形成された無置換のベンゼン環又はt-ブチル基により置換されたベンゼン環のいずれかであり、最も好ましくは無置換のフェニル基である。
一般式(Cz-1)又は一般式(Cz-2)で表される化合物の膜状態でのT1エネルギーは、2.69eV(62kcal/mol)以上3.47eV(80kcal/mol)以下であることが好ましく、2.75eV(63.5kcal/mol)以上2.61eV(75kcal/mol)以下であることがより好ましく、2.82eV(65kcal/mol)以上3.04eV(70kcal/mol)以下であることが更に好ましい。特に、発光材料として燐光発光材料を用いる場合には、T1エネルギーが上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明では、高温駆動後の色度変化をより抑えるために、一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を発光層又は発光層に隣接する層のいずれかに含有されることが好ましく、発光層に含有されることがより好ましい。また、一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を発光層及び隣接する層の両層に含有させてもよい。
一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を発光層中含有させる場合、本発明の一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物は発光層の全質量に対して0.1~99質量%含ませることが好ましく、1~95質量%含ませることがより好ましく、10~95質量%含ませることがより好ましい。
一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を発光層以外の層に更に含有させる場合は、該層の全質量に対して70~100質量%含まれることが好ましく、85~100質量%含まれることがより好ましい。
また本発明の電荷輸送材料が、一般式(Cz-2)で表される化合物を含む場合には、一般式(I-2)で表される不純物の前記電荷輸送材料における含有量を、254nmを測定波長とする高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した、前記電荷輸送材料の全吸収強度面積に対する、前記一般式(I-2)で表される不純物の吸収強度面積の比で算出した際に、0.000%以上0.10%以下とする。
前記一般式(I-1)又は(I-2)で表される不純物は、素子性能への影響が極めて大きいため、電荷輸送材料における含有量が少ないほど望ましく、前述の方法により算出された値が、0.05%以下であることが好ましく、0.01%以下であることがより好ましく、0%であることが最も好ましい。
一方、0.10%以下の微量の不純物の量を更に減少させることは、技術的に難易度が高く、また材料の損失もあるため、製造コストの観点からは必要以上に高純度化することは好ましくない。また、性能面の観点でも0.10%以下であれば従来の素子に対して十分に優れた効果が既に得られ、かつ、0.10%以下の範囲においては性能面でそれ程大きな差が出ない。従って、前記一般式(I-1)又は(I-2)で表される不純物の前記電荷輸送材料における含有量を、前述の方法により算出した際の値が、0.000%より大きいことが好ましく、0.001%以上であることがより好ましく、0.005%以上であることが更に好ましく、0.010%以上であることが特に好ましい。
n1~n4は、前記一般式(Cz-1)においてn1~n4が表す整数とそれぞれ同一である。
HPLC装置:島津製作所製HPLC(LC-10ADVPポンプ、CTO-10ACVPカラムオーブン、SIL-10ADVPオートサンプラー,RID-10A示差屈折検出器、CLASS-VP解析ソフト)
カラム:東ソーTSKgel ODS-100Z
移動層、流速:60%テトラヒドロフラン(THF)水溶液、1.0ml/min
カラム温度:40℃
試料濃度:0.05質量%
n5は、前記一般式(Cz-1)においてn5が表す整数と同一である。
n6及びn7は、前記一般式(Cz-2)においてn6及びn7が表す整数と同一である。
本発明の電荷輸送材料中に残留しうる、1,3,5-トリブロモベンゼンの電荷輸送材料中の含有量は、通常0.000%以上1.0%以下であり、0.000%以上0.5%以下であることが好ましい。
すなわち、前記一般式(Cz-1)で表される化合物を含有する本発明の電荷輸送材料において、前述の254nmを測定波長とする高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した、前記電荷輸送材料の全吸収強度面積に対する、前記一般式(Cz-1)で表される化合物、前記一般式(I-1)で表される不純物、前記一般式(II-1)で表される不純物、及び1,3,5-トリブロモベンゼンの各吸収強度面積の合計の比は、100%であることが好ましい。
同様に、前記一般式(Cz-2)で表される化合物を含有する本発明の電荷輸送材料において、前述の254nmを測定波長とする高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した、前記電荷輸送材料の全吸収強度面積に対する、前記一般式(Cz-2)で表される化合物、前記一般式(I-2)で表される不純物、前記一般式(II-2)で表される不純物、及び1,3,5-トリブロモベンゼンの各吸収強度面積の合計の比は、100%であることが好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送材料は、電子写真、有機トランジスタ、有機光電変換素子(エネルギー変換用途、センサー用途等)、有機電界発光素子等の有機エレクトロニクス素子に好ましく用いることができ、有機電界発光素子に用いるのが特に好ましい。
本発明は前記電荷輸送材料を含む組成物にも関する。本発明の組成物において、一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物の含有量は、組成物中の全固形分に対して30~99質量%であることが好ましく、50~95質量%であることがより好ましく、70~90質量%であることが更に好ましい。本発明の組成物における他に含有しても良い成分としては、有機物でも無機物でもよく、有機物としては、後述するホスト材料、蛍光発光材料、燐光発光材料、炭化水素材料として挙げた材料が適用でき、好ましくはホスト材料、燐光発光材料、炭化水素材料である。
本発明の組成物は蒸着法やスパッタ法等の乾式成膜法、転写法、印刷法等により有機電界発光素子の有機層を形成することができる。
本発明は一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を含む電荷輸送材料を含有する薄膜にも関する。本発明の薄膜は、本発明の組成物を用いて蒸着法やスパッタ法等の乾式成膜法、転写法、印刷法等により形成することができる。薄膜の膜厚は用途によっていかなる厚みでもよいが、好ましくは0.1nm~1mmであり、より好ましくは0.5nm~1μmであり、更に好ましくは1nm~200nmであり、特に好ましくは1nm~100nmである。
本発明の有機電界発光素子について詳細に説明する。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、基板上に、一対の電極と、該電極間に発光層を含む少なくとも一層の有機層とを有する有機電界発光素子であって、前記少なくとも一層の有機層のいずれかの層に、本発明の電荷輸送材料を含む。発光素子の性質上、一対の電極である陽極及び陰極のうち少なくとも一方の電極は、透明若しくは半透明であることが好ましい。
有機層としては、発光層以外に、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、ブロック層(正孔ブロック層、励起子ブロック層など)、電子輸送層などが挙げられる。これらの有機層は、それぞれ複数層設けてもよく、複数層設ける場合には同一の材料で形成してもよいし、層毎に異なる材料で形成してもよい。
図1に、本発明に係る有機電界発光素子の構成の一例を示す。図1の有機電界発光素子10は、基板2上に、一対の電極(陽極3と陰極9)の間に発光層6を含む有機層を有する。有機層としては、陽極3側から正孔注入層4、正孔輸送層5、発光層6、正孔ブロック層7及び電子輸送層8がこの順に積層されている。
前記有機層の層構成としては、特に制限はなく、有機電界発光素子の用途、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、前記透明電極上に又は前記半透明電極上に形成されるのが好ましい。この場合、有機層は、前記透明電極又は前記半透明電極上の前面又は一面に形成される。
有機層の形状、大きさ、及び厚み等については、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
・陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極。
有機電界発光素子の素子構成、基板、陰極及び陽極については、例えば、特開2008-270736号公報に詳述されており、該公報に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
本発明で使用する基板としては、有機層から発せられる光を散乱又は減衰させない基板であることが好ましい。有機材料の場合には、耐熱性、寸法安定性、耐溶剤性、電気絶縁性、及び加工性に優れていることが好ましい。
<陽極>
陽極は、通常、有機層に正孔を供給する電極としての機能を有していればよく、その形状、構造、大きさ等については特に制限はなく、発光素子の用途、目的に応じて、公知の電極材料の中から適宜選択することができる。前述のごとく、陽極は、通常透明陽極として設けられる。
<陰極>
陰極は、通常、有機層に電子を注入する電極としての機能を有していればよく、その形状、構造、大きさ等については特に制限はなく、発光素子の用途、目的に応じて、公知の電極材料の中から適宜選択することができる。
本発明における有機層について説明する。
本発明の有機電界発光素子において、各有機層は、蒸着法やスパッタ法等の乾式成膜法、転写法、印刷法、スピンコート法、バーコート法等の溶液塗布法のいずれによっても好適に形成することができる。有機層の少なくとも1層が溶液塗布法により形成されたことが好ましい。
発光層は、電界印加時に、陽極、正孔注入層又は正孔輸送層から正孔を受け取り、陰極、電子注入層又は電子輸送層から電子を受け取り、正孔と電子の再結合の場を提供して発光させる機能を有する層である。
本発明では、発光材料として、蛍光発光材料や燐光発光材料を用いることができ、両者を併用してもよい。
これら蛍光発光材料や燐光発光材料については、例えば、特開2008-270736号公報の段落番号[0100]~[0164]、特開2007-266458号公報の段落番号[0088]~[0090]に詳述されており、これら公報の記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
リン原子でPtに結合するQ1、Q2、Q3及びQ4としては、中性の配位子でもアニオン性の配位子でもよく、中性の配位子としてはホスフィン配位子、リン酸エステル配位子、亜リン酸エステル配位子、含リンヘテロ環配位子(ホスフィニン配位子など)が挙げられ、アニオン性の配位子としては、ホスフィノ配位子、ホスフィニル配位子、ホスホリル配位子などが挙げられる。
Q1、Q2、Q3及びQ4で表される基は、置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては前記置換基群Aとして挙げたものが適宜適用できる。また置換基同士が連結していても良い(Q3とQ4が連結した場合、環状四座配位子のPt錯体になる)。
錯体の安定性及び発光量子収率の観点から、L1、L2及びL3として好ましくは単結合、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基、イミノ基、オキシ基、チオ基、シリレン基であり、より好ましくは単結合、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、イミノ基であり、更に好ましくは単結合、アルキレン基、アリーレン基であり、更に好ましくは、単結合、メチレン基、フェニレン基であり、更に好ましくは単結合、ジ置換のメチレン基であり、更に好ましくは単結合、ジメチルメチレン基、ジエチルメチレン基、ジイソブチルメチレン基、ジベンジルメチレン基、エチルメチルメチレン基、メチルプロピルメチレン基、イソブチルメチルメチレン基、ジフェニルメチレン基、メチルフェニルメチレン基、シクロヘキサンジイル基、シクロペンタンジイル基、フルオレンジイル基、フルオロメチルメチレン基である。
L1は特に好ましくはジメチルメチレン基、ジフェニルメチレン基、シクロヘキサンジイル基であり、最も好ましくはジメチルメチレン基である。
L2及びL3として最も好ましくは単結合である。
A401~A414はそれぞれ独立にC-R又は窒素原子を表す。Rは水素原子又は置換基を表す。
Rで表される置換基としては、前記置換基群Aとして挙げたものが適用できる。
A401~A406として好ましくはC-Rであり、R同士が互いに連結して環を形成していても良い。A401~A406がC-Rである場合に、A402、A405のRとして好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、フッ素原子、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、フッ素原子であり、特に好ましくは水素原子、フッ素原子である。A401、A403、A404、A406のRとして好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、フッ素原子、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、フッ素原子であり、特に好ましく水素原子である。
L41は、前記一般式(C-1)中のL1と同義であり、また好ましい範囲も同様である。
A407~A414がC-Rを表す場合に、A408、A412のRとして好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基、ペルフルオロアルキル基、アリール基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、フッ素原子、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子、ペルフルオロアルキル基、アルキル基、アリール基、フッ素原子、シアノ基であり、特に好ましくは、水素原子、フェニル基、ペルフルオロアルキル基、シアノ基である。A407、A409、A411、A413のRとして好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基、ペルフルオロアルキル基、アリール基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、フッ素原子、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子、ペルフルオロアルキル基、フッ素原子、シアノ基であり、特に好ましく水素原子、フェニル基、フッ素原子である。A410、A414のRとして好ましくは水素原子、フッ素原子であり、より好ましくは水素原子である。A407~A409、A411~A413のいずれかがC-Rを表す場合に、R同士が互いに連結して環を形成していても良い。
炭素原子でPtに結合するYとしてはビニル配位子が挙げられる。窒素原子でPtに結合するYとしてはアミノ配位子、イミノ配位子が挙げられる。酸素原子でPtに結合するYとしては、アルコキシ配位子、アリールオキシ配位子、ヘテロアリールオキシ配位子、アシルオキシ配位子、シリルオキシ配位子、カルボキシル配位子、リン酸配位子、スルホン酸配位子などが挙げられる。硫黄原子でPtに結合するYとしては、アルキルメルカプト配位子、アリールメルカプト配位子、ヘテロアリールメルカプト配位子、チオカルボン酸配位子などが挙げられる。
Yで表される配位子は、置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては前記置換基群Aとして挙げたものが適宜適用できる。また置換基同士が連結していても良い。
例えば、配位子、又はその解離体と金属化合物を溶媒(例えば、ハロゲン系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、ニトリル系溶媒、アミド系溶媒、スルホン系溶媒、スルホキサイド系溶媒、水などが挙げられる)の存在下、若しくは、溶媒非存在下、塩基の存在下(無機、有機の種々の塩基、例えば、ナトリウムメトキシド、t-ブトキシカリウム、トリエチルアミン、炭酸カリウムなどが挙げられる)、若しくは、塩基非存在下、室温以下、若しくは加熱し(通常の加熱以外にもマイクロウェーブで加熱する手法も有効である)得ることができる。
一般式(T-1)で表される化合物について説明する。
Qは窒素を1つ以上含む5員又は6員の芳香族複素環又は縮合芳香族複素環である。
R3、R4、R5及びR6は隣り合う任意の2つが互いに結合して縮合4~7員環を形成してもよく、該縮合4~7員環は、シクロアルキル、アリール又はヘテロアリールであり、該縮合4~7員環は更に置換基Zを有していてもよい。
R3’とR6は、-C(RT)2-C(RT)2-、-CRT=CRT-、-C(RT)2-、-O-、-NRT-、-O-C(RT)2-、-NRT-C(RT)2-及び-N=CRT-から選択される連結基によって連結されて環を形成してもよく、RTはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヘテロアルキル基、アリール基、又はヘテロアリール基を表し、更に置換基Zを有していてもよい。
Zはそれぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、-R’、-OR’、-N(R’)2、-SR’、-C(O)R’、-C(O)OR’、-C(O)N(R’)2、-CN、-NO2、-SO2、-SOR’、-SO2R’、又は-SO3R’を表し、R’はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、ペルフルオロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヘテロアルキル基、アリール基又はヘテロアリール基を表す。
(X-Y)は、配位子を表す。mは1~3の整数、nは0~2の整数を表す。m+nは3である。)
シクロアルキル基としては、置換基を有していてもよく、飽和であっても不飽和であってもよく、置換してもよい基としては、前述の置換基Zを挙げることができる。R3’、R3、R4、R5、R6で表されるシクロアルキル基として、好ましくは環員数4~7のシクロアルキル基であり、より好ましくは総炭素原子数5~6のシクロアルキル基であり、例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
R3’、R3、R4、R5、R6で表されるアルケニル基としては好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばビニル、アリル、1-プロペニル、1-イソプロペニル、1-ブテニル、2-ブテニル、3-ペンテニルなどが挙げられる。
R3’、R3、R4、R5、R6で表されるアルキニル基としては、好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばエチニル、プロパルギル、1-プロピニル、3-ペンチニルなどが挙げられる。
R3’、R3、R4、R5、R6で表されるアリール基としては、好ましくは、炭素数6から30の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、例えば、フェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
以下に、(X-Y)で表される配位子の例を具体的に挙げるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
好ましくは、Rx、Rzはそれぞれ独立にアルキル基、ペルフルオロアルキル基、フッ素原子、アリール基のいずれかであり、より好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のペルフルオロアルキル基、フッ素原子、置換されていても良いフェニル基であり、最も好ましくはメチル基、エチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、フッ素原子、フェニル基である。Ryは好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基、ペルフルオロアルキル基、フッ素原子、アリール基のいずれかであり、より好ましくは水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、置換されていても良いフェニル基であり、最も好ましくは水素原子、メチル基のいずれかである。これら配位子は素子中で電荷を輸送したり励起によって電子が集中する部位ではないと考えられるため、Rx、Ry、Rzは化学的に安定な置換基であれば良く、本発明の効果にも影響を及ぼさない。
錯体合成方法が容易であるため好ましくは(I-1)、(I-4)、又は(I-5)であり、最も好ましくは(I-1)である。
これらの配位子を有する錯体は、対応する配位子前駆体を用いることで公知の合成例と同様に合成できる。例えば国際公開2009-073245号の46ページに記載の方法と同様に、市販のジフルオロアセチルアセトンを用いて以下に示す方法で合成する事ができる。
R3、R4、R5及びR6は隣り合う任意の2つが互いに結合して縮合4~7員環を形成してもよく、該縮合4~7員環は更に置換基Zを有していてもよい。
R3’とR6は、-C(RT)2-C(RT)2-、-CRT=CRT-、-C(RT)2-、-O-、-NRT-、-O-C(RT)2-、-NRT-C(RT)2-及び-N=CRT-から選択される連結基によって連結されて環を形成してもよい。
RTはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヘテロアルキル基、アリール基、又はヘテロアリール基を表し、更に置換基Zを有していてもよい。
Zはそれぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、-R’、-OR’、-N(R’)2、-SR’、-C(O)R’、-C(O)OR’、-C(O)N(R’)2、-CN、-NO2、-SO2、-SOR’、-SO2R’、又は-SO3R’を表し、R’はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、ペルハロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヘテロアルキル基、アリール基又はヘテロアリール基を表す。
(X-Y)は、配位子を表す。mは1~3の整数、nは0~2の整数を表す。m+nは3である。)
一般式(T-2)におけるR3’、R3~R6、(X-Y)、m及びnの好ましい範囲は、一般式(T-1)におけるR3’、R3~R6、(X-Y)、m及びnの好ましい範囲と同様である。
R4’は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、フッ素原子が好ましく、水素原子がより好ましい。
R5’及びR6’は水素原子を表すか、又は互いに結合して縮合4~7員環式基を形成することが好ましく、該縮合4~7員環式基は、シクロアルキル、シクロヘテロアルキル、アリール、又はヘテロアリールであることがより好ましく、アリールであることが更に好ましい。
R4’~R6’における置換基Zとしてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、フッ素原子、シアノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基が好ましく、アルキル基がより好ましい。
R7~R10は、R3~R6と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。R7’~R10’は、R3’~R6’と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
また、発光層は一層であっても二層以上の多層であってもよく、それぞれの層に同じ発光材料やホスト材料を含んでもよいし、層毎に異なる材料を含んでもよい。発光層が複数の場合、それぞれの発光層が異なる発光色で発光してもよい。
ホスト材料とは、発光層において主に電荷の注入、輸送を担う化合物であり、また、それ自体は実質的に発光しない化合物のことである。ここで「実質的に発光しない」とは、該実質的に発光しない化合物からの発光量が好ましくは素子全体での全発光量の5%以下であり、より好ましくは3%以下であり、更に好ましくは1%以下であることを言う。
ホスト材料としては、本発明の一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を用いることができる。
ピロール、インドール、カルバゾール、アザインドール、アザカルバゾール、トリアゾール、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾール、ピラゾール、イミダゾール、チオフェン、ポリアリールアルカン、ピラゾリン、ピラゾロン、フェニレンジアミン、アリールアミン、アミノ置換カルコン、スチリルアントラセン、フルオレノン、ヒドラゾン、スチルベン、シラザン、芳香族第三級アミン化合物、スチリルアミン化合物、ポルフィリン系化合物、ポリシラン系化合物、ポリ(N-ビニルカルバゾール)、アニリン系共重合体、チオフェンオリゴマー、ポリチオフェン等の導電性高分子オリゴマー、有機シラン、カーボン膜、ピリジン、ピリミジン、トリアジン、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、トリアゾ-ル、オキサゾ-ル、オキサジアゾ-ル、フルオレノン、アントラキノジメタン、アントロン、ジフェニルキノン、チオピランジオキシド、カルボジイミド、フルオレニリデンメタン、ジスチリルピラジン、フッ素置換芳香族化合物、ナフタレンペリレン等の複素環テトラカルボン酸無水物、フタロシアニン、8-キノリノ-ル誘導体の金属錯体やメタルフタロシアニン、ベンゾオキサゾ-ルやベンゾチアゾ-ルを配位子とする金属錯体に代表される各種金属錯体及びそれらの誘導体(置換基や縮環を有していてもよい)等を挙げることができる。
本発明において、前記発光層が、ホスト材料を含むことが好ましい。前記ホスト材料は下記一般式(4-1)又は(4-2)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明においては、発光層に一般式(4-1)又は(4-2)で表される化合物の少なくとも1つ以上を含むことがより好ましい。
gは0~8の整数を表し、電荷輸送を担うカルバゾール骨格を遮蔽しすぎない観点から0~4が好ましい。また、合成容易さの観点から、カルバゾールが置換基を有する場合、窒素原子に対し、対称になるように置換基を持つものが好ましい。
(電荷輸送層)
電荷輸送層とは、有機電界発光素子に電圧を印加した際に電荷移動が起こる層をいう。具体的には正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層、発光層、正孔ブロック層、電子輸送層又は電子注入層が挙げられる。好ましくは、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層又は発光層である。塗布法により形成される電荷輸送層が正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層又は発光層であれば、低コストかつ高効率な有機電界発光素子の製造が可能となる。また、電荷輸送層として、より好ましくは、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層又は電子ブロック層である。
正孔注入層、正孔輸送層は、陽極又は陽極側から正孔を受け取り陰極側に輸送する機能を有する層である。
正孔注入層、正孔輸送層については、特開2008-270736号公報の段落番号〔0165〕~〔0167〕に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
電子注入層、電子輸送層は、陰極又は陰極側から電子を受け取り陽極側に輸送する機能を有する層である。これらの層に用いる電子注入材料、電子輸送材料は低分子化合物であっても高分子化合物であってもよい。
電子輸送材料としては、本発明の一般式(Cz-1)又は(Cz-2)で表される化合物を用いることができる。その他の材料としては、ピリジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、ピラジン誘導体、フタラジン誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、トリアジン誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン誘導体、アントロン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、カルボジイミド誘導体、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、ジスチリルピラジン誘導体、ナフタレン、ペリレン等の芳香環テトラカルボン酸無水物、フタロシアニン誘導体、8-キノリノール誘導体の金属錯体やメタルフタロシアニン、ベンゾオキサゾールやベンゾチアゾールを配位子とする金属錯体に代表される各種金属錯体、シロールに代表される有機シラン誘導体、等を含有する層であることが好ましい。
電子輸送層の厚さとしては、1nm~500nmであるのが好ましく、5nm~200nmであるのがより好ましく、10nm~100nmであるのが更に好ましい。また、電子注入層の厚さとしては、0.1nm~200nmであるのが好ましく、0.2nm~100nmであるのがより好ましく、0.5nm~50nmであるのが更に好ましい。
電子注入層、電子輸送層は、上述した材料の1種又は2種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成又は異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
正孔ブロック層は、陽極側から発光層に輸送された正孔が、陰極側に通りぬけることを防止する機能を有する層である。本発明において、発光層と陰極側で隣接する有機層として、正孔ブロック層を設けることができる。
正孔ブロック層を構成する有機化合物の例としては、アルミニウム(III)ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリナト)4-フェニルフェノレート(Aluminum (III)bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenolate(BAlqと略記する))等のアルミニウム錯体、トリアゾール誘導体、2,9-ジメチル-4,7-ジフェニル-1,10-フェナントロリン(2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCPと略記する))等のフェナントロリン誘導体、等が挙げられる。
正孔ブロック層の厚さとしては、1nm~500nmであるのが好ましく、5nm~200nmであるのがより好ましく、10nm~100nmであるのが更に好ましい。
正孔ブロック層は、上述した材料の一種又は二種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成又は異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
電子ブロック層は、陰極側から発光層に輸送された電子が、陽極側に通りぬけることを防止する機能を有する層である。本発明において、発光層と陽極側で隣接する有機層として、電子ブロック層を設けることができる。
電子ブロック層を構成する有機化合物の例としては、例えば前述の正孔輸送材料として挙げたものが適用できる。
電子ブロック層の厚さとしては、1nm~500nmであるのが好ましく、5nm~200nmであるのがより好ましく、10nm~100nmであるのが更に好ましい。
電子ブロック層は、上述した材料の一種又は二種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成又は異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
本発明において、有機EL素子全体は、保護層によって保護されていてもよい。
保護層については、特開2008-270736号公報の段落番号〔0169〕~〔0170〕に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
本発明の素子は、封止容器を用いて素子全体を封止してもよい。
封止容器については、特開2008-270736号公報の段落番号〔0171〕に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、陽極と陰極との間に直流(必要に応じて交流成分を含んでもよい)電圧(通常2ボルト~15ボルト)、又は直流電流を印加することにより、発光を得ることができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子の駆動方法については、特開平2-148687号、同6-301355号、同5-29080号、同7-134558号、同8-234685号、同8-241047号の各公報、特許第2784615号、米国特許5828429号、同6023308号の各明細書等に記載の駆動方法を適用することができる。
本発明の素子は、表示素子、ディスプレイ、バックライト、電子写真、照明光源、記録光源、露光光源、読み取り光源、標識、看板、インテリア、又は光通信等に好適に利用できる。特に、照明装置、表示装置等の発光輝度が高い領域で駆動されるデバイスに好ましく用いられる。
図2は、本発明の発光装置の一例を概略的に示した断面図である。図2の発光装置20は、基板(支持基板)2、有機電界発光素子10、封止容器16等により構成されている。
ここで、接着層14としては、エポキシ樹脂等の光硬化型接着剤や熱硬化型接着剤を用いることができ、例えば熱硬化性の接着シートを用いることもできる。
次に、図3を参照して本発明の照明装置について説明する。
図3は、本発明の照明装置の一例を概略的に示した断面図である。本発明の照明装置40は、図3に示すように、前述した有機EL素子10と、光散乱部材30とを備えている。より具体的には、照明装置40は、有機EL素子10の基板2と光散乱部材30とが接触するように構成されている。
光散乱部材30は、光を散乱できるものであれば特に制限されないが、図3においては、透明基板31に微粒子32が分散した部材とされている。透明基板31としては、例えば、ガラス基板を好適に挙げることができる。微粒子32としては、透明樹脂微粒子を好適に挙げることができる。ガラス基板及び透明樹脂微粒子としては、いずれも、公知のものを使用できる。このような照明装置40は、有機電界発光素子10からの発光が散乱部材30の光入射面30Aに入射されると、入射光を光散乱部材30により散乱させ、散乱光を光出射面30Bから照明光として出射するものである。
(実施例1-1)例示化合物(1)の合成
前述の国際公開第2004/074399の合成例2に記載の方法で合成・精製し、例示化合物(1)の粗結晶(以下、「粗1」と表記)を得た。この粗結晶を先の文献に記載の方法で昇華精製し、例示化合物(1)の精製結晶(以下、「昇1」と表記)を得た。
また、粗1をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:トルエン/ヘキサン=1/1(体積比))により精製することにより、粗結晶(以下、「粗2」と表記)を得た。粗2をトルエン/ヘキサン(1/1(体積比))で再結晶することにより、粗結晶(以下「粗3」と表記)を得た。粗3を更にトルエン/ヘキサン(1/1(体積比))で再結晶することにより、粗結晶(「粗4」と表記)を得た。粗2を昇華精製した精製結晶を「昇2」、粗3を昇華精製した精製結晶を「昇3」、粗4を昇華精製した精製結晶を「昇4」、昇4を更にもう1回昇華精製した精製結晶を「昇5」と表記した。また、比較のため、昇5で得られたサンプルに合成中間体である3,5-(ジフェニル)フェニルボロン酸の粉末を微量添加し、乳鉢ですり潰して組成が均一な粉末を得た(以下「比1」と表記)。同様に、昇5で得られたサンプルに出発原料である1,3,5-トリブロモベンゼンの粉末を微量添加し、乳鉢ですり潰して組成が均一な粉末を得た(以下「比2」と表記)。
前述の国際公開第2004/074399の合成例2の合成中間体(D)を3,5-ビス(3’-ビフェニル)フェニルボロン酸に代える以外は同様の方法で例示化合物(2)を合成し、上記実施例1-1における例示化合物(1)と同様の精製操作を行い、同様の名前(「粗1」、「昇1」等)をつけた。
前述の国際公開第2004/074399の合成例2のカルバゾールを3-t-ブチルカルバゾールに代える以外は同様の方法で例示化合物(9)を合成し、上記実施例1-1における例示化合物(1)と同様の精製操作を行い、同様の名前(「粗1」、「昇1」等)をつけた。
前述の国際公開第2004/074399の合成例2のカルバゾールを3,6-ジフェニルカルバゾールに代える以外は同様の方法で例示化合物(11)を合成し、上記実施例1-1における例示化合物(1)と同様の精製操作を行い、同様の名前(「粗1」、「昇1」等)をつけた。
前述の国際公開第2004/074399の合成例2のカルバゾールを3-トリフェニルシリルカルバゾールに代える以外は同様の方法で例示化合物(13)を合成し、上記実施例1-1における例示化合物(1)と同様の精製操作を行い、同様の名前(「粗1」、「昇1」等)をつけた。
国際公開第2004/074399の合成例5に記載の方法で合成・精製し、例示化合物(20)の白色粉末(以下、「粗1」と表記)を得た。粗1をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:トルエン/ヘキサン=1/1(体積比))により精製することで、粗結晶(以下、「粗2」と表記)を得た。粗2をトルエン/ヘキサン(1/1(体積比))で再結晶することにより粗結晶(以下、「粗3」と表記)を得た。粗1を昇華精製することにより、精製結晶(以下、「昇1」と表記)を得た。粗2を昇華精製することにより、精製結晶(以下、「昇2」と表記)を得た。粗3を昇華精製することにより、精製結晶(以下、「昇3」と表記)を得た。昇3を昇華精製することにより、精製結晶(以下、「昇4」と表記)を得た。
国際公開第2004/074399の合成例9に記載の方法で合成・精製し、例示化合物(25)の白色粉末(以下、「粗1」と表記)を得た。その後の精製法、ロット名は例示化合物(20)の場合と同様にして、精製方法の異なる複数の純度のサンプルを作製した。
HPLC装置:島津製作所製HPLC(LC-10ADVPポンプ、CTO-10ACVPカラムオーブン、SIL-10ADVPオートサンプラー,RID-10A示差屈折検出器、CLASS-VP解析ソフト)
カラム:東ソーTSKgel ODS-100Z
移動層、流速:60%テトラヒドロフラン(THF)水溶液、1.0ml/min
カラム温度:40℃
試料濃度:0.05質量%
なおHPLCによる分析に供する試料の濃度が0.05質量%であることは、通常のHPLCによる分析における試料濃度よりも濃く、これにより0.001%までの不純物が有効に検出可能となった。
(実施例2-1)
[素子の作製]
厚み0.5mm、2.5cm角のITO膜を有するガラス基板(ジオマテック社製、表面抵抗10Ω/□)を洗浄容器に入れ、2-プロパノール中で超音波洗浄した後、30分間UV-オゾン処理を行った。この透明陽極(ITO膜)上に真空蒸着法にて以下の有機化合物層を順次蒸着した。
第1層:CuPc :膜厚10nm
第2層:NPD :膜厚30nm
第3層:化合物(1)の昇5及びGD-1(質量比95:5):膜厚40nm
第4層:BAlq:膜厚10nm
第5層:Alq :膜厚20nm
この上に、フッ化リチウム0.1nm及び金属アルミニウム100nmをこの順に蒸着し陰極とした。
このものを、大気に触れさせることなく、窒素ガスで置換したグローブボックス内に入れ、ガラス製の封止缶及び紫外線硬化型の接着剤(XNR5516HV、長瀬チバ(株)製)を用いて封止し、本発明の有機電界発光素子1-1を得た。同様に、第3層のホスト材料として化合物(1)の代わりに下記表1中に示す材料を用いることにより、素子1-2~1-6、及び比較素子1-1~1-5を得た。
得られた各素子を以下の方法で効率及び耐久性の観点で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(a)効率
東陽テクニカ製ソースメジャーユニット2400を用いて、直流電圧を各素子に印加し発光させ、その輝度をトプコン社製輝度計BM-8を用いて測定した。発光スペクトルと発光波長は浜松ホトニクス製スペクトルアナライザーPMA-11を用いて測定した。これらを元に輝度が1000cd/m2付近の外部量子効率を輝度換算法により算出し、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の外部量子効率を10とした際の相対値で記載した。効率は数字が大きいほど優れており好ましい。
(b)耐久性
各素子を輝度が1000cd/m2になるように直流電圧を印加して発光させ続け、輝度が500cd/m2になるまでに要した時間を耐久性の指標とし、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の耐久性を10とした際の相対値で記載した。耐久性は数字が大きいほど優れており好ましい。なお、耐久性の評価における記号「<」は不等号を意味し、例えば「<1」は耐久性の相対値が1未満であったことを意味する。
次に、実施例2-1において、発光材料のGD-1をGD-2に変更した以外は素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例2-1において、発光材料のGD-1をBD-1に変更した以外は素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例2-1において、発光材料のGD-1をRD-1に変更した以外は素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を表4に示す。
ホスト材料として、実施例2-1における化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(2)を用いた以外は、素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を、化合物(2)の各精製方法による純度(%)、含有不純物量(%)とともに表5に示した。なお、表中に記載した不純物(2-1)、(2-2)及び(2-3)以外の不純物はHPLCでは検出されなかった。不純物(2-1)、(2-2)及び(2-3)の構造は、以下に示すものである。また、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
ホスト材料として、実施例2-1における化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(9)を用いた以外は、素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を、化合物(9)の各精製方法による純度(%)、含有不純物量(%)とともに表6に示した。なお、表中に記載した不純物(9-1)、(9-2)及び(9-3)以外の不純物はHPLCでは検出されなかった。不純物(9-1)、(9-2)及び(9-3)の構造は、以下に示すものである。また、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
ホスト材料として、実施例2-1における化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(11)を用いた以外は、素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を、化合物(11)の各精製方法による純度(%)、含有不純物量(%)とともに表7に示した。なお、表中に記載した不純物(11-1)、(11-2)及び(11-3)以外の不純物はHPLCでは検出されなかった。不純物(11-1)、(11-2)及び(11-3)の構造は、以下に示すものである。また、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
ホスト材料として、実施例2-1における化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(13)を用いた以外は、素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を、化合物(13)の各精製方法による純度(%)、含有不純物量(%)とともに表8に示した。なお、表中に記載した不純物(13-1)、(13-2)及び(13-3)以外の不純物はHPLCでは検出されなかった。不純物(13-1)、(13-2)及び(13-3)の構造は、以下に示すものである。また、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
ホスト材料として、実施例2-1における化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(20)を用いた以外は、素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を、化合物(20)の各精製方法による純度(%)、含有不純物量(%)とともに表9に示した。なお、表中に記載した不純物(20-1)、(20-2)及び(20-3)以外の不純物はHPLCでは検出されなかった。不純物(20-1)、(20-2)及び(20-3)の構造は、以下に示すものである。また、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇4」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
ホスト材料として、実施例2-1における化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(25)を用いた以外は、素子1-1と同様にして素子を作製し、評価した結果を、化合物(25)の各精製方法による純度(%)、含有不純物量(%)とともに表10に示した。なお、表中に記載した不純物(25-1)、(25-2)及び(25-3)以外の不純物はHPLCでは検出されなかった。不純物(25-1)、(25-2)及び(25-3)の構造は、以下に示すものである。また、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇4」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
(実施例9-1)
厚み0.5mm、2.5cm角のITO膜を有するガラス基板(ジオマテック社製、表面抵抗10Ω/□)を洗浄容器に入れ、2-プロパノール中で超音波洗浄した後、30分間UV-オゾン処理を行った。この透明陽極(ITO膜)上にPEDOT(ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン))/PSS(ポリスチレンスルホン酸)水溶液(BaytronP(標準品))をスピンコート(4000rpm、60秒間)し、120℃で10分間乾燥することにより、ホール輸送層(厚さ150nm)を形成させた。
次いで、化合物(1)を1質量%及びGD-1を0.05質量%含有するトルエン溶液を先のホール輸送層上にスピンコート(2000rpm、60秒間)し、発光層(厚さ50nm)を形成させた。
この発光層の上に、BAlqを真空蒸着法により50nm蒸着して電子輸送層とし、更にフッ化リチウム0.1nm及び金属アルミニウム100nmをこの順に蒸着し陰極とした。
これを、大気に触れさせること無く、窒素ガスで置換したグローブボックス内に入れ、ガラス製の封止缶及び紫外線硬化型の接着剤(XNR5516HV、長瀬チバ(株)製)を用いて封止し、有機電界発光素子11-1及び11-2並びに比較素子11-1及び11-2を得た。得られた各素子に対して素子1-1と同様の効率及び耐久性の評価を行った結果を表11に示す。なお、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
次に、実施例9-1において、化合物(1)を用いる代わりに化合物(9)を用いた以外は素子11-1と同様の方法で素子を作製し、同様に評価した結果を表12に示す。なお、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
次に、実施例9-1において、化合物(1)を用いる代わりに化合物(11)を用いた以外は素子11-1と同様の方法で素子を作製し、同様に評価した結果を表13に示す。なお、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
次に、実施例9-1において、化合物(1)を用いる代わりに化合物(13)を用いた以外は素子11-1と同様の方法で素子を作製し、同様に評価した結果を表14に示す。なお、効率及び耐久性の結果は、「昇5」の材料を使用した素子の結果を10とした際の相対値で記載した。
また、本発明の素子は車載用途などの高温環境で使用する際においても発光効率や耐久性にも優れ、発光装置、表示装置、照明装置に好適である。
本出願は、2010年01月15日出願の日本特許出願(特願2010-007535)、2010年05月20日出願の日本特許出願(特願2010-116666)、及び2010年11月04日出願の日本特許出願(特願2010-247908)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
3・・・陽極
4・・・正孔注入層
5・・・正孔輸送層
6・・・発光層
7・・・正孔ブロック層
8・・・電子輸送層
9・・・陰極
10・・・有機電界発光素子(有機EL素子)
11・・・有機層
12・・・保護層
14・・・接着層
16・・・封止容器
20・・・発光装置
30・・・光散乱部材
30A・・・光入射面
30B・・・光出射面
31・・・透明基板
32・・・微粒子
40・・・照明装置
Claims (13)
- 以下の一般式(Cz-1)で表される化合物を含む電荷輸送材料において、以下の一般式(I-1)で表される不純物の前記電荷輸送材料における含有量を、254nmを測定波長とする高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した、前記電荷輸送材料の全吸収強度面積に対する、前記一般式(I-1)で表される不純物の吸収強度面積の比で算出した際に、0.000%以上0.10%以下である、電荷輸送材料。
R5はアルキル基、アリール基、又はシリル基を表す。但し、R5がカルバゾリル基又はペルフルオロアルキル基を表すことはない。R5が複数存在する場合、複数のR5は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また複数のR5は、互いに結合してアリール環を形成してもよい。
n1~n4はそれぞれ独立に、0~4の整数を表す。
n5は0~5の整数を表す。
n1~n4は、前記一般式(Cz-1)においてn1~n4が表す整数とそれぞれ同一である。 - 前記一般式(Cz-1)で表される化合物が以下の一般式(Cz-2)で表され、かつ、前記一般式(I-1)で表される不純物が以下の一般式(I-2)で表される、請求項1又は2に記載の電荷輸送材料。
R6及びR7はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、シアノ基、又はフッ素原子を表す。R6及びR7がそれぞれ複数存在する場合、複数のR6及び複数のR7は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また複数のR6及び複数のR7は、それぞれ互いに結合してアルキル基を有していてもよいアリール環を形成してもよい。
n6及びn7はそれぞれ独立に、0~5の整数を表す。
- 前記一般式(Cz-2)及び前記一般式(II-2)において、R6及びR7がフェニル基を表し、n6及びn7がそれぞれ独立に0又は1を表し、かつ、前記一般式(Cz-2)及び前記一般式(I-2)において、R8~R11がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、t-ブチル基、フェニル基、トリメチルシリル基又はトリフェニルシリル基を表す、請求項3又は4に記載の電荷輸送材料。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電荷輸送材料を含む組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電荷輸送材料を含む薄膜。
- 基板上に、一対の電極と、該電極間に発光層を含む少なくとも一層の有機層とを有する有機電界発光素子であって、前記少なくとも一層の有機層のいずれかの層に、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電荷輸送材料を含む、有機電界発光素子。
- 前記電荷輸送材料が、前記発光層に含まれる、請求項8に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一対の電極間にある有機層の少なくとも一層が、溶液塗布法により成膜された、請求項8又は9に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた発光装置。
- 請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた表示装置。
- 請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた照明装置。
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JP2008084913A (ja) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-04-10 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置および照明装置 |
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JP2010087488A (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-04-15 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機電界発光素子材料、有機電界発光素子用組成物、有機電界発光素子、有機elディスプレイ、有機el照明およびナフタレン系化合物 |
Cited By (1)
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US9406891B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2016-08-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Compound for organic optoelectronic device, organic light emitting diode including the same, and display including the organic light emitting diode |
Also Published As
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KR20120125467A (ko) | 2012-11-15 |
TW201130798A (en) | 2011-09-16 |
JP2012001708A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
KR101701206B1 (ko) | 2017-02-13 |
TWI532719B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
JP5722000B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
US20120256173A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
US8735878B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
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