WO2011077541A1 - エピタキシャル成長用テンプレート及びその作製方法 - Google Patents
エピタキシャル成長用テンプレート及びその作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011077541A1 WO2011077541A1 PCT/JP2009/071541 JP2009071541W WO2011077541A1 WO 2011077541 A1 WO2011077541 A1 WO 2011077541A1 JP 2009071541 W JP2009071541 W JP 2009071541W WO 2011077541 A1 WO2011077541 A1 WO 2011077541A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 47
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910017840 NH 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 240000004050 Pentaglottis sempervirens Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000004522 Pentaglottis sempervirens Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/186—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being specially pre-treated by, e.g. chemical or physical means
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/183—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being provided with a buffer layer, e.g. a lattice matching layer
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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- C30B35/00—Apparatus not otherwise provided for, specially adapted for the growth, production or after-treatment of single crystals or of a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B35/002—Crucibles or containers
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/20—Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth solid phase epitaxy
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an epitaxial growth template serving as a base for epitaxially growing a GaN-based compound semiconductor layer (general formula: Al x Ga y In 1-xy N), and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a GaN-based compound semiconductor layer generally formula: Al x Ga y In 1-xy N
- the p-type AlGaN electron blocking layer 106, the p-type AlGaN p-type cladding layer 107 having a thickness of 50 nm, and the p-type GaN contact layer 108 having a thickness of 20 nm are sequentially stacked.
- a Ni / Au p-electrode 109 is formed on the surface of the layer 108, and a Ti / Al / Ti / Au n-electrode 110 is formed on the exposed n-type cladding layer 104, for example.
- the emission wavelength is shortened by changing the Al composition ratio and film thickness, or the emission wavelength is lengthened by adding In, and the wavelength is from 200 nm to 400 nm.
- a light emitting diode in the ultraviolet region can be manufactured.
- a semiconductor laser can be fabricated with a similar configuration. In the crystal layer structure shown in FIG. 13, a sapphire substrate 101, an AlN underlayer 102, and an ELO-AlN layer 103 form an epitaxial growth template.
- the crystal quality of the template surface directly affects the crystal quality of the GaN-based compound semiconductor layer formed thereon, and greatly affects the characteristics of the light-emitting element formed as a result.
- a template having a threading dislocation density reduced to 10 7 / cm 2 or less, preferably about 10 6 / cm 2 .
- FIG. 13 when the ELO-AlN layer 103 is epitaxially grown on the AlN underlayer 102 having a periodic groove structure by using a lateral growth (ELO) method, the gap between the grooves is increased.
- ELO lateral growth
- a periodic groove structure is directly formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate by photolithography and reactive ion etching.
- a method of forming an ELO-AlN layer directly on the sapphire substrate to form a template for epitaxial growth has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2, and Non-Patent Document 3).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the object thereof is to provide a dense and flat surface on a surface of a sapphire (0001) substrate having a concavo-convex process such as a groove structure, even at a growth temperature of less than 1300 ° C.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an epitaxial growth template capable of epitaxially growing a surface AlN layer or an AlGaN layer by a lateral growth method, and to provide an epitaxial growth template having a low threading dislocation density.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the Al atoms are arranged on the outermost surface of the grown crystal so as to be C + -axis oriented on the flat surface at the top of the convex portion of the sapphire (0001) substrate having a concavo-convex processed groove structure or the like.
- an initial AlN layer whose C-axis orientation is controlled (polarity control) so as to appear on the surface is first epitaxially grown, and then an AlN layer or an AlGaN layer is epitaxially grown so as to cover the upper part of the recess by using a lateral growth method.
- an AlN layer or an AlGaN layer epitaxially grown by the lateral growth method of a dense and flat surface can be obtained, and as a result, a template for epitaxial growth with a reduced threading dislocation density is provided.
- I can do it.
- the direction of the polarity of the group 3 atom or nitrogen atom with respect to the C-axis direction depends on the type of substrate and the growth conditions of the initial growth process. To do.
- AlN is grown on the surface of the sapphire (0001) substrate, the N polarity face may appear on the outermost surface of the grown crystal unless the Al polarity is positively controlled.
- the present invention processes the surface of the sapphire (0001) substrate so that the top of the convex portion is flat and has a predetermined plan view pattern, C-axis orientation control is performed so that a C + -axis oriented AlN layer grows on the flat surface excluding the edge portion of the convex portion on the sapphire (0001) substrate surface that has been subjected to the concavo-convex processing, and is formed by the concavo-convex processing.
- the method for producing an epitaxial growth template having the above characteristics is characterized in that the depth of the concave portion formed on the surface of the sapphire (0001) substrate is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for producing an epitaxial growth template having the above-described feature is characterized in that when the initial AlN layer is grown, an AlN layer that is not C + -axis oriented grows in the vicinity of the stepped portion formed by the uneven processing.
- an AlN layer grown on a flat surface excluding an edge portion at the top of the convex portion has a C + axis orientation, and an AlN layer deposited in the concave portion formed by the concave / convex processing newly adds a new one to the concave portion.
- a template for epitaxial growth is provided, wherein a recess is formed, and the upper portion of the new recess is covered with the Al x Ga y N (0001) layer grown laterally from above the top of the protrusion. .
- the template for epitaxial growth having the above characteristics is characterized in that the depth of the concave portion formed on the surface of the sapphire (0001) substrate is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the template for epitaxial growth having the above characteristics is characterized in that the initial AlN layer includes an AlN layer that is not C + -axis oriented in the vicinity of the stepped portion formed by the uneven processing.
- lateral growth is performed using a sapphire (0001) substrate having a roughened surface, at a growth temperature lower than 1300 ° C. compared to the conventional case.
- a sapphire (0001) substrate having a roughened surface at a growth temperature lower than 1300 ° C. compared to the conventional case.
- the portion epitaxially grown from the flat surface of the top of the convex portion of the initial AlN layer, which is an underlayer for epitaxially growing the AlN layer or AlGaN layer thereon by the lateral growth method is C + -axis oriented, that is, the initial Since the surface of the AlN layer is made uniform to the Al polar plane, even at a growth temperature of less than 1300 ° C., low threading dislocations on a dense and flat surface as an AlN layer or AlGaN layer epitaxially grown from above by a lateral growth method. A densified layer is obtained.
- a semiconductor element composed of the GaN-based nitride semiconductor layer can be stably obtained with a high crystal quality as the GaN-based nitride semiconductor layer formed thereon without causing an increase in manufacturing cost. High performance can be achieved.
- the irregularities on the surface of the substrate 2 are formed by a plurality of grooves 6 extending in the ⁇ 11-20> direction, the inside of the groove is a concave portion, and the gap between the grooves is a convex portion.
- a sapphire (0001) substrate 2 is prepared, and a Ni mask 5 patterned in a stripe shape is formed on the substrate surface (see FIG. 1A).
- the substrate surface is etched using a known anisotropic etching method such as RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) to form a plurality of grooves 6 extending in the ⁇ 11-20> direction (FIG. 1 ( b)).
- the convex top 7 between the grooves 6 is a flat (0001) crystal plane.
- the depth is about 0.3 to 1.0 ⁇ m
- the width is about 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m
- the distance between the grooves is 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m. Assuming something of a degree.
- a stripe shape is assumed as a plan view pattern of the groove. However, since there are three directions equivalent to the ⁇ 11-20> direction, the top of the convex portion sandwiched between the groove and the groove is present.
- a regular triangular shape, a regular hexagonal shape, a rhombus shape, or the like is assumed as the plane view pattern 7.
- the growth temperature of the initial AlN layer 3 is less than 1300 ° C., and is set to be higher (for example, 1250 ° C.) than the growth temperature of epitaxial growth of a general AlGaN layer (1100 ° C. to 1200 ° C. above the crystallization temperature).
- the pressure is set to about 50 Torr or less (for example, about 25 Torr).
- the initial AlN layer 3 is formed so that the growth film from the convex top portion 7 of the sapphire substrate 2 has a C + axis orientation, that is, the surface of the growth film (the convex surface 9) is an Al polar surface.
- C-axis orientation control polarity control
- the surface of the growth film from the top 7 of the convex portion (the convex surface 9) is an Al polar surface, and the growth film from the bottom of the concave portion of the groove 6 is not necessarily in the C + axis orientation. You don't have to.
- the AlN layer grown from the side wall surface of the recess of the groove 6 does not have the C + -axis orientation and grows a semipolar surface or a nonpolar surface. Accordingly, the edge portion of the convex surface 9 is not an Al polar surface because the growth film exists from the concave side wall surface of the groove 6.
- the convex surface 9 (excluding the edge portion) is sufficient if it is an Al polar surface means that the AlN layer 4 epitaxially grown on the upper layer of the initial AlN layer 3 by the lateral growth method is finally formed on the convex surface. Since the upper part of the recess 8 is closed by the laterally grown film from 9 and the film growth from the recess 8 stops, it means that only the influence on the growth film from the surface 9 of the protrusion needs to be considered.
- the AlN layer 4 is formed on the initial AlN layer 3 having a concavo-convex structure (concave portion 8, convex portion surface 9) formed along the groove 6 formed in the sapphire substrate 2 by a known lateral growth method. Grow (see FIG. 1 (d)). Similar to the initial AlN layer 3, the AlN layer 4 is also epitaxially grown by the MOVPE method. Similar to the initial AlN layer 3, the growth temperature of the AlN layer 4 is less than 1300 ° C., which is higher than the growth temperature of typical AlGaN layer epitaxial growth (1100 ° C. to 1200 ° C. above the crystallization temperature) (for example, 1250 °C).
- the growth temperature and pressure conditions are the same as those of the initial AlN layer 3, and the initial AlN layer 3 and the AlN layer 4 can be continuously grown in the same reaction chamber.
- the flow rate ratio (NH 3 / TMA) between TMA and NH 3 is within the predetermined growth film thickness range (for example, about 3 to 10 ⁇ m) in the C-axis direction under the above temperature and pressure conditions.
- the laterally grown film grown from both sides of the film is adjusted so that the laterally grown film is united above it and sufficient lateral growth is induced to close the top.
- examples (Examples 1 to 8) of the template 1 produced by the above production method and comparative examples (Comparative Examples 1 to 3) produced without depending on the production method will be described with reference to the drawings. explain.
- the direction perpendicular to the paper surface (cross section) is the ⁇ 11-20> direction, which is the extending direction of the groove 6, and is parallel to the paper surface (cross section) and the surface of the sapphire substrate 2.
- This direction is the ⁇ 1-100> direction of the sapphire substrate 2.
- the growth temperature of the initial AlN layer 3 and the AlN layer 4 is 1250 ° C., and the growth conditions of the AlN layer 4 are the same.
- FIG. 4 is a bird's-eye view after forming the AlN layer 4 of Comparative Example 1 (a) and after etching with a KOH alkaline solution (b), and FIG. 5 shows Example 2 shown in FIG. It is an overhead view after carrying out an etching process with a KOH alkaline solution.
- Comparative Example 1 instead of the C + -axis oriented initial AlN layer 3, the C-axis oriented initial AlN layer 3 was formed, and then the AlN layer 4 was grown in the lateral direction under the same growth conditions as in Examples 1 and 2. It is a comparative example at the time of making it epitaxially grow using a method. That is, the polarity of the C-axis orientation control of the initial AlN layer 3 is different between Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2.
- the width and interval of the grooves 6 formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate 2 are 2 ⁇ m and the depth are 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively, and the film thicknesses of the initial AlN layer 3 and the AlN layer 4 are 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the growth conditions of the C-axis-oriented initial AlN layer 3 in Comparative Example 1 are the same as those in Examples 1 and 2 in the growth temperature and pressure, and the flow rate ratio (NH 3 / TMA) between TMA and NH 3 is implemented. Different from Examples 1 and 2.
- the flow rate ratio (NH 3 / TMA) between TMA and NH 3 is 148 in Examples 1 and 2, whereas it is set to a high 1154 in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (a) and an overhead view (b) after the initial AlN layer 3 of Example 3 is formed
- FIG. 7 is a view after the initial AlN layer 3 of Comparative Example 2 is formed. It is sectional drawing (a) and an overhead view (b).
- the initial AlN layer 3 of Comparative Example 2 is formed under the same growth conditions as the C-axis oriented initial AlN layer 3 of Comparative Example 1.
- the width and interval of the grooves 6 formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate 2 are 3 ⁇ m and the depth are 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the film thickness of the initial AlN layer 3 in Example 3 is 0.7 ⁇ m
- the film thickness of the C-axis-oriented initial AlN layer 3 in Comparative Example 2 is 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 and 7 show that after the initial AlN layer 3 is formed, there is already a difference in the roughness of the surface of the growth film (convex surface 9) from the convex top 7.
- Example 3 it can be seen that the convex surface 9 is denser than Comparative Example 2.
- Comparative Example 1 As a result, as shown in the comparison results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 described above, it can be seen that there is a significant difference in the roughness of the crystal surface after the formation of the AlN layer 4. From the comparison results of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described above, it is further clarified that the AlN layer 4 having a dense and flat surface can be obtained by setting the initial AlN layer 3 to the C + axis orientation. It was.
- FIG. 8 the SEM photograph of the comparative example 3 is shown. 8 is a cross-sectional view (a) and an overhead view (b) after the AlN layer 4 of Comparative Example 3 is formed.
- Comparative Example 3 As shown in FIG. 8, in Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the surface of the AlN layer 4 is not dense and flat compared to the case where the C + -axis oriented initial AlN layer 3 is provided. Further, as in Comparative Example 3, the AlN layer 4 is directly formed on the sapphire substrate 2 having the groove 6 formed on the surface thereof without forming the C + -axis oriented initial AlN layer 3. SEM photographs are not shown in other comparative examples when epitaxial growth is performed using the lateral growth method under growth temperature and pressure conditions, but with different flow ratios of TMA and NH 3 (NH 3 / TMA).
- the surface of the AlN layer 4 is not dense and flat compared to the case where the C + -axis oriented initial AlN layer 3 is provided. From this, it is understood that it is difficult to epitaxially grow the AlN layer 4 directly on the sapphire substrate 2 having the grooves 6 formed on the surface by using the lateral growth method at a growth temperature of 1250 ° C.
- the AlN layer 4 having a dense and flat surface can be obtained at a growth temperature of 1250 ° C., that is, in a growth temperature region of less than 1300 ° C. became.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view (a) and an overhead view after an Al 0.8 Ga 0.2 N layer is continuously grown on the upper layer of the AlN layer 4 of Example 4 by the MOVPE method.
- the growth temperature of the Al 0.8 Ga 0.2 N layer is 1160 ° C., and the flow ratio (NH 3 / MO) of TMA, TMG (trimethylgallium), and NH 3 is 899.
- Example 5 the width of the grooves 6 formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate 2 is 5 ⁇ m, the interval between the grooves 6 is 5 ⁇ m, the depth is 0.3 ⁇ m, and the initial AlN layer 3, AlN layer 4, Al 0.8 Each film thickness of the Ga 0.2 N layer is 1.3 ⁇ m, 5.8 ⁇ m, and 1.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the Al 0.8 Ga 0.2 N layer formed on the AlN layer 4 can also have a dense and flat surface, similar to the AlN layer 4. It was revealed that an AlGaN layer having a high crystal quality was formed on the template 1.
- the surface analysis of the Al 0.8 Ga 0.2 N layer of Example 4 was performed by the X-ray rocking curve (XRC) method. As a result, the average half-value width FWHM (arcsec) was 293 ( ⁇ mode: tilt distribution) ) And 625 ( ⁇ mode: twist distribution), showing good results.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of evaluating the threading dislocation density of Example 5 using the cross-sectional TEM photograph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11A shows the edge dislocation density in the three regions A to C by white circles, and the screw dislocation density by the black circles ⁇
- FIG. 11B shows the average penetration in the three regions A to C. The dislocation density is shown.
- the region A represents the region of the initial growth layer of the initial AlN layer 3 and the AlN layer 4 above the convex surface 9 (the vertical position is below the center of the cavity 10)
- the region B is Represents the region of the late growth layer of the AlN layer 4 above the convex surface 9 (the vertical position is above the tip of the cavity 10)
- the region C is the late growth layer of the AlN layer 4 above the concave portion 8 (the vertical position) Represents the region above the tip of the cavity 10).
- FIG. 12 shows the results of surface analysis of the AlN layer 4 of Examples 6 to 8 performed by the XRC method.
- the groove 6 formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate 2 has three types: the width is 3 ⁇ m, the interval is 5 ⁇ m, the depth is 1 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m, and 0.3 ⁇ m. 3 and AlN layer 4 are 1.3 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, respectively, within an error range of about ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 12 shows the respective half-value widths FWHM (arcsec) of the sixth to eighth embodiments.
- white circles ⁇ indicate the average half-value width of the tilt distribution
- black circles ⁇ indicate the average half-value width of the twist distribution.
- the depth of the groove formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate is generally preferred to be deeper (for example, the above-mentioned Non-Patent Document 3). That is, if the groove is shallow, the layer grown from the convex portion between the grooves and the layer grown from the inside of the groove cannot be effectively separated, and the effect of lateral growth cannot be obtained. However, according to this manufacturing method, it was confirmed that good results were obtained even when the depth of the groove formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate was relatively shallow at 0.3 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the groove depth is preferably as shallow as about 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m from the observation of the pits on the surface.
- the depth of the groove is about 0.5 ⁇ m or less, damage to the sapphire substrate 2 due to the etching process for forming the groove is reduced, so that a higher quality initial AlN layer 3 is obtained.
- the cost required for forming the groove can be reduced, which is more preferable.
- the initial AlN layer 3 is set to the C + axis orientation.
- the AlN layer 4 having a dense surface and a low threading dislocation density can be obtained.
- a GaN-based nitride semiconductor layer (AlGaNIn layer) constituting a GaN-based nitride semiconductor device such as a light-emitting diode or a semiconductor laser is formed on the AlN layer 4 of the template 1, so that a high crystal quality GaN-based material is formed. It was also revealed that a nitride semiconductor layer can be obtained. As a result, the use of this template 1 can improve the performance of the GaN-based nitride semiconductor device.
- the present manufacturing method and the present template have been described in detail.
- the feature of the present invention is that it includes the initial AlN layer 3 oriented in the C + axis.
- the method, conditions, and the like used in the above description are for explanation. These conditions are examples, and these conditions and the like can be changed as appropriate as long as the present invention has the above-described features.
- the case where the AlN layer 4 is epitaxially grown on the initial AlN layer 3 using the lateral growth method has been described.
- the semiconductor layer that is epitaxially grown on the initial AlN layer 3 using the lateral growth method May be an AlGaN layer in addition to the AlN layer.
- the explanation by the example is omitted, but since Ga is easily decomposed, the AlGaN layer has a property that it is easier to grow in the lateral direction than the AlN layer, and the surface is processed to be uneven.
- the template for epitaxial growth and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention can be used for manufacturing a GaN-based nitride semiconductor device such as a light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser.
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Abstract
Description
前記凹凸加工した前記サファイア(0001)基板面に、前記凸部頂部のエッジ部を除く平坦面上にC+軸配向したAlN層が成長するようにC軸配向制御を行って、前記凹凸加工で形成された凹部に堆積するAlN層によって前記凹部に新たな凹部が形成されるように初期AlN層をエピタキシャル成長させ、
前記初期AlN層上に、横方向成長法を用いてAlxGayN(0001)層(1≧x>0,x+y=1)をエピタキシャル成長させ、
前記新たな凹部の上方が、前記凸部頂部の上方から横方向成長した前記AlxGayN(0001)層で覆われることを特徴とするエピタキシャル成長用テンプレートの作製方法を提供する。
前記初期AlN層は、前記凸部頂部のエッジ部を除く平坦面上に成長したAlN層がC+軸配向しており、前記凹凸加工で形成された凹部に堆積したAlN層によって前記凹部に新たな凹部が形成され、前記新たな凹部の上方が、前記凸部頂部の上方から横方向成長した前記AlxGayN(0001)層で覆われていることを特徴とするエピタキシャル成長用テンプレートを提供する。
図2及び図3に、実施例1及び実施例2のSEM写真(断面図(a)と俯瞰図(b))を示す。実施例1は、サファイア基板2の表面に形成された溝6の幅及び間隔が夫々3μm、深さが1μmであり、初期AlN層3及びAlN層4の膜厚は夫々1.0μmと9.8μmである。実施例2は、サファイア基板2の表面に形成された溝6の幅及び間隔が夫々2μm、深さが0.5μmであり、初期AlN層3及びAlN層4の膜厚は夫々1.0μmと6.2μmである。
図4及び図5に、比較例1及び実施例2のSEM写真を示す。図4は、比較例1のAlN層4を成膜した後(a)とKOHアルカリ液でエッチング処理した後(b)の俯瞰図であり、図5は、図3に示した実施例2をKOHアルカリ液でエッチング処理した後の俯瞰図である。
図6及び図7に、実施例3と比較例2のSEM写真を示す。図6は、実施例3の初期AlN層3を成膜した後の断面図(a)と俯瞰図(b)であり、図7は、比較例2の初期AlN層3を成膜した後の断面図(a)と俯瞰図(b)である。比較例2の初期AlN層3は、比較例1のC-軸配向した初期AlN層3と同じ成長条件で成膜されている。実施例3及び比較例2は、何れも、サファイア基板2の表面に形成された溝6の幅及び間隔が夫々3μm、深さが0.5μmである。実施例3の初期AlN層3の膜厚は0.7μmであり、比較例2のC-軸配向した初期AlN層3の膜厚は0.5μmである。
図8に、比較例3のSEM写真を示す。図8は、比較例3のAlN層4を成膜した後の断面図(a)と俯瞰図(b)である。
図9に、実施例4のSEM写真を示す。図9は、実施例4のAlN層4を成膜した後に、その上層にMOVPE法によりAl0.8Ga0.2N層を連続して成長させた後の断面図(a)と俯瞰図(b)である。尚、Al0.8Ga0.2N層の成長温度は1160℃であり、TMA、TMG(トリメチルガリウム)、NH3の流量比(NH3/MO)は899である。実施例5は、サファイア基板2の表面に形成された溝6の幅が5μm、溝6の間隔が5μm、深さが0.3μmであり、初期AlN層3、AlN層4、Al0.8Ga0.2N層の各膜厚は夫々1.3μm、5.8μm、1.8μmである。
図10に、実施例5のAlN層4を成膜した後の断面TEM写真(明視野図)を示す。実施例5は、サファイア基板2の表面に形成された溝6の幅及び間隔が2μm、深さが0.5μmであり、初期AlN層3、AlN層4の膜厚は夫々1.0μm、6.5μmである。
図12に、実施例6~実施例8のAlN層4の表面解析を、XRC法で実施した結果を示す。実施例6~実施例8は、サファイア基板2の表面に形成された溝6の幅が3μm、間隔が5μm、深さが1μm、0.5μm、0.3μmの3種類であり、初期AlN層3及びAlN層4の膜厚は、±0.3μm程度の誤差範囲内で何れも1.3μmと5μmである。実施例6~実施例8は、溝6の深さが異なるだけで、後の条件は全く同じである。図12は、実施例6~実施例8の各半値幅FWHM(arcsec)を示している。尚、図12において、白丸○がチルト分布の平均の半値幅を、黒丸●がツイスト分布の平均の半値幅を夫々示している。
2: サファイア(0001)基板
3: 初期AlN層
4: AlxGayN(0001)層
5: Niマスク
6: サファイア基板表面に加工された溝
7: 凸部頂部
8: 初期AlN層の凹部
9: 初期AlN層の凸部表面
10: 空洞(ボイド)
Claims (8)
- サファイア(0001)基板の表面を、凸部頂部が平坦で所定の平面視パターンとなるように凹凸加工し、
前記凹凸加工した前記サファイア(0001)基板面に、前記凸部頂部のエッジ部を除く平坦面上にC+軸配向したAlN層が成長するようにC軸配向制御を行って、前記凹凸加工で形成された凹部に堆積するAlN層によって前記凹部に新たな凹部が形成されるように初期AlN層をエピタキシャル成長させ、
前記初期AlN層上に、横方向成長法を用いてAlxGayN(0001)層(1≧x>0,x+y=1)をエピタキシャル成長させ、
前記新たな凹部の上方が、前記凸部頂部の上方から横方向成長した前記AlxGayN(0001)層で覆われることを特徴とするエピタキシャル成長用テンプレートの作製方法。 - 前記サファイア(0001)基板の表面に形成する前記凹部の深さが1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のエピタキシャル成長用テンプレートの作製方法。
- 前記初期AlN層の成長時において、前記凹凸加工で形成された段差部近傍では、C+軸配向していないAlN層が成長することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のエピタキシャル成長用テンプレートの作製方法。
- 前記AlxGayN(0001)層がAlN(0001)層であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のエピタキシャル成長用テンプレートの作製方法。
- 凸部頂部が平坦で所定の平面視パターンとなるように表面を凹凸加工したサファイア(0001)基板と、
前記凹凸加工した前記サファイア(0001)基板面にエピタキシャル成長した初期AlN層と、
前記初期AlN層上に、横方向成長法を用いてエピタキシャル成長したAlxGayN(0001)層(1≧x>0,x+y=1)と、を備え、
前記初期AlN層は、前記凸部頂部のエッジ部を除く平坦面上に成長したAlN層がC+軸配向しており、前記凹凸加工で形成された凹部に堆積したAlN層によって前記凹部に新たな凹部が形成され、
前記新たな凹部の上方が、前記凸部頂部の上方から横方向成長した前記AlxGayN(0001)層で覆われていることを特徴とするエピタキシャル成長用テンプレート。 - 前記サファイア(0001)基板の表面に形成された前記凹部の深さが1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のエピタキシャル成長用テンプレート。
- 前記初期AlN層は、前記凹凸加工で形成された段差部近傍では、C+軸配向していないAlN層を含むことを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載のエピタキシャル成長用テンプレート。
- 前記AlxGayN(0001)層がAlN(0001)層であることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載のエピタキシャル成長用テンプレート。
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EP09852558.7A EP2518191B1 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2009-12-25 | Template for epitaxial growth and process for producing same |
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US13/517,970 US9412586B2 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2009-12-25 | Method for producing a template for epitaxial growth having a sapphire (0001) substrate, an initial-stage A1N layer and laterally overgrown A1XGAYN (0001) layer |
US15/206,043 US20160319459A1 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2016-07-08 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TEMPLATE FOR EPITAXIAL GROWTH HAVING A SAPPHIRE (0001) SUBSTRATE, AN INITIAL-STAGE AlN LAYER AND LATERALLY OVERGROWN AlxGayN (0001) LAYER |
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JP2013021028A (ja) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-31 | Ritsumeikan | AlN層の製造方法およびAlN層 |
JP2013209273A (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-10 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 周期表第13族金属窒化物半導体結晶 |
JP2013252989A (ja) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-19 | Mie Univ | 半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板、半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の作製方法、およびAlN単結晶自立基板 |
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CN214254448U (zh) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-09-21 | 苏州晶湛半导体有限公司 | 图案化衬底 |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2011077541A1 (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
EP2518191A4 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2518191B1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
JP5635013B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
KR101570625B1 (ko) | 2015-11-19 |
KR20140039071A (ko) | 2014-03-31 |
US20120258286A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
US20160319459A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
KR20120103683A (ko) | 2012-09-19 |
US9412586B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
EP2518191A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
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