Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4406—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 3, e.g. zimeldine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
  • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
  • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
  • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
  • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
  • A61K9/7084—Transdermal patches having a drug layer or reservoir, and one or more separate drug-free skin-adhesive layers, e.g. between drug reservoir and skin, or surrounding the drug reservoir; Liquid-filled reservoir patches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of pharmaceutical compositions containing a hypomethylating agent and a histone deacetylase inhibitor for induction therapy used with monoclonal antibody treatment of various cancers, sarcomas, and other malignancies.
• mAB Monoclonal antibody
• a monoclonal antibody is a laboratory-produced molecule that is designed to attach to specific cancer cells.
• mAB treatment examples include: rituximab - for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; gemtuzumab for certain types of acute myelogenous leukemia; cetuximab - for head, neck and colon cancer; and alentuzumab - for T cell leukemias and lymphomas.
• gemtuzumab for certain types of acute myelogenous leukemia
• cetuximab - for head, neck and colon cancer
• alentuzumab - for T cell leukemias and lymphomas.
• the present disclosure relates to embodiments of a relatively non-toxic pharmaceutical composition that combines a hypomethylating agent, specifically, a DNA and histone methylation inhibitor, with a histone deacetylase inhibitor ("HDAC inhibitor” or "HDACi”) to provide a pretreatment ("induction therapy") for mAB treatment of various cancers, sarcomas, and other malignancies.
• a hypomethylating agent e.g., cladribine
• an HDAC inhibitor e.g., entinostat, panobinostat, and vorinostat.
• hypomethylating agent and the HDAC inhibitor may be combined in formulations for various administrations e.g., a continuous delivery system such as a transdermal patch of at least one reservoir or a plurality of reservoirs, oral, a fixed-dose oral combination, intravenous, and combinations thereof.
• Induction therapy that combines a hypomethylating agent and an HDAC inhibitor results in an unexpected and dramatic increase in the efficacy of mAB treatment of cancers, sarcomas, and various other malignancies.
• Figure 1 illustrates a side view of a monolithic patch construction.
• Figure 2 illustrates a side view of a reservoir (“Ravioli”) patch construction.
• Figure 3 illustrates a top view of a dual reservoir patch.
• Figure 4 illustrates a top view of a quadruplet reservoir patch.
• Figure 5 illustrates kinetic profile of transdermal delivery of cladribine in vitro.
• Figure 6 illustrates kinetic profile of transdermal delivery of entinostat in vitro.
• Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. These changes may remain through cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life and may also last for multiple generations. However, there is no change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave or express themselves differently.
• DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of cytosine that is important for silencing gene transcription. Genomic methylation patterns, which remain generally stable in the adult, become profoundly altered in most human tumors. (Smet, CD.; et ai, DNA hypomethylation in cancer: Epigenetic scars of a neoplastic journey, Epigenetics, 5(3):206-13 (2010)). Additionally, epigenetics has a demonstrated and important role in B cell malignancies. (Debatin, K., et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: keeping cell death at bay, Cell, 129(5):853-5, (2007); Martin-Subero, J., Towards defining the lymphoma methylome. Leukemia, 20(10): 1658- 60. (2006)).
• Cladribine also known as 2CdA, acts as a DNA hypomethylating agent.
• cladribine is a deoxyadenosine analogue with substitution of a hydrogen atom with chlorine at the 2-position of the purine ring.
• Other purine analogs include fludarabine, pentostatin and clofarabine.
• cladribine is a purine nucleoside analog anti-metabolite with selective toxicity towards lymphocytes and monocytes. Given its lymphotoxic effects, cladribine has been developed for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, primarily lymphoid malignancies, and inflammatory conditions. Currently, cladribine is FDA approved for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia.
• DNA synthesis and repair allows for cytotoxicity against both resting and dividing lymphocytes.
• indolent lymphoid malignancies are characterized by having a significant proportion of cells that are in the GO phase of the cell cycle, e.g. the resting phase, cladribine has shown therapeutic promise in treating these malignancies.
• cladribine in combination with rituximab may treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia ("CLL”) and mantle cell leukemia (“MCL”), as disclosed in WO 2008/1 16163 and WO 2007/067695, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
• CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• MCL mantle cell leukemia
• cladribine has been shown to inhibit histone methylation.
• S. et al Cladribine: not just another purine analogue? Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 18(8):1169-1181, (2009); Epner, E., The epigenetics of mantle cell lymphoma, Abstract, 2010 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Workshop, Lymphoma Research Foundation, March (2010)).
• Evidence also exists that DNA methylation and histone methylation are linked, and inhibition of both processes may be necessary for effective, permanent reversal of gene silencing in cancer cells.
• cladribine is a hypomethylating agent that inhibits both DNA and histone methylation.
• HDAC inhibitors plus DNA hypomethylation may be additive in successful treatment of various cancers and other malignancies.
• a newly developed embodiment contemplates a continuous delivery system such as through a transdermal patch.
• therapeutic efficacy and permanent reversal of gene silencing in cancer may be optimally achieved by continuous infusion of epigenetic drugs that target histone methylation, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation.
• Transdermal delivery of 2CdA and HDACi prior to mAB treatment is attractive because it provides a mechanism for continuous administration of drugs while not confining the patient to the hospital or immobilizing the patient as with intravenous delivery of drugs.
• the main parts of a transdermal patch are: a liner to protect the patch during storage - the liner is removed prior to use; a composition or drug in solution that is in direct contact with the release liner; an adhesive that adheres the parts of the patch together and adheres the patch to the skin; a membrane that controls the release of the drug from a reservoir and/or multi-layer patches; and a backing that protects the patch from the outer environment.
• a monolithic (drug-in-adhesive) patch (1) (Figure 1) includes a release liner (10); a skin contact adhesive matrix (12) wherein the adhesive matrix contains for example, the drug, drug solubilizers, skin penetration enhancers, skin anti-irritants, crystallization inhibitors; ("transdermal composition”); and an occlusive backing film (14).
• penetration of the transdermal composition may also be enhanced by various forms of skin pre-treatment such as micro-needle poration, scrubbing off the stratum corneum, sonication, laser treatment, iontophoresis, inducing changes in composition polarity, and exothermic reactions that cause a patch to warm when exposed to air.
• skin pre-treatment such as micro-needle poration, scrubbing off the stratum corneum, sonication, laser treatment, iontophoresis, inducing changes in composition polarity, and exothermic reactions that cause a patch to warm when exposed to air.
• Another embodiment, (not shown) is a multi-layer transdermal patch having multiple drug-in-adhesive matrixes that are layered one above the other wherein each layer is separated from the other, for example, by a membrane or heat seal. In a multi-layer transdermal patch each matrix layer is responsible for the releasing a transdermal composition.
• FIG. 2 Another embodiment is shown in Figure 2 as a reservoir patch (“Ravioli patch”) .
• a drug permeable membrane (18) in fluid communication with and forming a portion of a reservoir (20) that contains the transdermal composition wherein the drug permeable membrane (18) controls the release of the transdermal composition from the reservoir (20).
• a drug permeable membrane (18) include 9% EVA, a rate controlling membrane, or microporous membrane.
• the microporous membrane may have pores with diameters in the range of about 0.05 to about 10 micrometers ( ⁇ ), preferably in the range of about 0.1 to about 6.0 ⁇ .
• Figure 3 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a dual reservoir patch (3) with a circular construction with a release liner (10), two reservoirs - reservoir A (22) and reservoir B (24), and a heat seal (26) which is a permanent seal of the membrane and the occlusive backing providing necessary enclosure for the reservoirs and their separation.
• a dual reservoir patch (3) may have reservoirs (22 and 24) arranged in a rectangular or concentric configuration. The reservoirs may be formed in a desired reservoir configuration based on the type and amount of drug required for desired dosage ratios wherein the reservoirs have different volume capacities.
• Figure 4 illustrates a top view of a quadruplet reservoir patch (4) for simultaneous transdermal delivery of four transdermal compositions with a release liner (10), four reservoirs - reservoir A (28), reservoir B (30), reservoir C (32) and reservoir D (34), and a heat seal (26).
• the patch may have an occlusive backing (14) as in figures 1 and 2 that extends over the reservoirs shown in figures 2-4 that exceeds the borders of the reservoirs by a few centimeters.
• the purpose of an occlusive backing (14) that extends over the reservoirs is to secure the patch to skin for an extended period of time such as may be needed in a 1 to 5 day patch as described below.
• skin consists of three major layers: outer stratum corneum, underlying viable epidermis and next to it dermis.
• the transdermal composition that carries the drug or diffusing molecule In transdermal drug delivery the transdermal composition that carries the drug or diffusing molecule must be in intimate contact with the skin's stratum corneum providing passage of the molecule from the transdermal composition into the stratum corneum.
• the diffusing molecules must overcome the diffusion resistance the patch membrane and the thermodynamics of partitioning between the transdermal composition and the stratum corneum. Diffusion is also governed by the size of the molecule and the K ⁇ , w , indicates molecular "ability" to transfer from one medium to another one, when both are in intimate contact. The higher value of K ow the more lipophilic the molecule is.
• Molecules with log K ow values in range of 1-3 are most favorable to partition into the skin from weakly hydrophilic matrices such as hydrogels. Molecules with higher values of log Kow > 3 will typically show slower transdermal rates due to extreme decrease of their solubility in the hydrophilic epidermis.
• molecules of very low log K ow ⁇ 1 such as polar or ionized molecules, are practically insoluble in the stratum corneum and, therefore, their partition into the skin from any matrix is expected to be very low resulting in a very low transdermal flux.
• the target systemic transdermal dose of cladribine was set for 1-2 mg/day.
• the target systemic transdermal dose of entinostat is set for 2-3 mg/day.
• Cladribine was mixed with about 2 percent of a concentration of a thickener comprising a cellulose component to thicken the cladribine composition. This was repeated for entinostat.
• Thickeners for thixotropic compositions range from about 1 percent to about 5 percent.
• Other thickeners may include hydroxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose polyacrylic acid, and/or, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose.
• Cladribine and entinostat were mixed into ethanol/water and other ethanol-based solutions until they were completely dissolved and then the hydroxymethyl cellulose was added and the solution was mixed until it became a homogeneous thixotropic mix.
• the reservoir patches were constructed with a microporous membrane of 0.6 ⁇ and transdermal compositions containing cladnbine or entinostat at saturation concentrations were placed inside of the reservoir and heat sealed. Round pieces of human cadaveric skin were cut out. The patches were placed on top of the skin and mounted in the Franz Cells between the donor compartment and the receiver compartments of the cell. The two compartments were tightened together with a screw-on pinch clamp. The cells were placed in the incubator at 32 degrees Celsius and the receiving phosphate buffer saline ("PBS”) in the Franz Cell was tested for concentration of cladribine or entinostat that passed through the human cadaveric epidermis over a 24 hour time period.
• PBS receiving phosphate buffer saline
• the optimum transdermal flux of cladribine was 170 ⁇ g/cm 2 /day obtained from the patch containing cladribine saturated in ethanol/DMSO (50/50). After 10 hrs of a lag time, the cladribine transdermal delivery was sustained.
• the optimum transdermal flux of entinostat as indicated in figure 6 was 29 ⁇ g/cm 2 /day obtained from the patch containing entinostat saturated in ethanol/water (2/1); after 3 hrs of a lag time the transdermal delivery was sustained.
• compositions may allow for the use of a transdermal patch.
• the following are examples of proposed formulations for a transdermal patch delivery system.
• PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidon
• Oleic Acid (enhancer) 1 -10 mg (or any other enhancer) 1 ,2 Propylene Glycol 10-20 mg (drug solubilizer)
• Oleic Acid 1-10 mg
• the PIB in Example 7 above may also be substituted with any other rubber or acrylkic hybrid adhesive.
• the transdermal composition may be a single drug-based composition of either a hypomethylating agent or an HDAC inhibitor.
• the hypomethylating agent and HDAC inhibitor may be mixed to form an admixture.
• a dual reservoir patch (3) may contain, for example, cladribine in a first reservoir (22) and entinostat in a second (24) reservoir.
• a single reservoir patch (2) may contain, for example, cladribine and entinostat in a single reservoir (20).
• multiple hypomethylation drugs and multiple HDACi's may be used.
• other pharmaceutical agents may be added to enhance the performance of cladribine and the HDACi individually or in combination.
• two separate patches may be used - one with a hypomethylating agent and one with an HDACi.
• the delivered dosages for each of the drugs provided to the individual may be altered based on a variety of factors, including a determined safe and therapeutically effective dose, and the size, age, health, etc. of the patient.
• An effective dose of each of the delivered drugs thus depends on the particular individual treated.
• An "effective dose” may be considered to be the minimum dose that produces the desired effect.
• Patients may be treated with DNA and histone hypomethylating agents in combination with an HDACi as induction therapy for one or more cycles of mAB treatment for a specific cancer, sarcoma and or other malignancy wherein the mAB is specific to the targeted cancer, sarcoma, and/or malignancy.
• the administration and duration of induction therapy duration may be adjusted as needed to the cycles of mAB treatment.
• a suitable mAB cycle duration may be 20-30 days, such as 28 days.
• ten mAB cycles may be implemented.
• four to six mAB cycles may be implemented.
• cladribine is the only known molecule that inhibits both DNA and histone methylation. As other hypomethylating agents are discovered, they may substitute for cladribine in the formulations described herein.
• An effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as entinostat may be delivered in a two-zone or multi-reservoir transdermal patch wherein the concentration of cladribine is about 5 to about 15 mg/m 2 and entinostat is about 10 to about 20 mg/m 2 .
• the transdermal patch may comprise a "1 -day patch" and may be administered every day for 5-7 days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• the concentration of cladribine is about 5 to about 15 mg/m 2 and the HDAC inhibitors, romidepsin or panobinostat, may substitute for entinostat at the same concentration of about 10 to about 20 mg/m 2 .
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as entinostat may be delivered in a two-zone or multi-reservoir transdermal 5-day patch; wherein the concentration of cladribine is about 20 to about 100 mg/m 2 and entinostat is about 40 to about 80 mg/patch. At this dose the transdermal patch is administered once and removed 5 days later prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• the concentration of cladribine is about 20 to about 100 mg/m 2 and the HDAC inhibitors, romidepsin or panobinostat, may substitute for entinostat at about 40 to about 80 mg/m 2 .
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as romidepsin are delivered intravenously ("iv"); wherein the concentration of cladribine is about 2 to about 5 mg/m 2 and romidepsin is about 8 to about 20 mg/m . It is contemplated that for each IV administration described herein, the hypomethylating agent and HDACi may be administered separately or in an admixture. At this dose the IV induction therapy is administered once a day for five days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as valproic acid is delivered intravenously; wherein the concentration of cladribine is about 2 to about 5 mg/m 2 and valproic acid is about 250 to about 1000 mg.
• the IV induction therapy is administered once a day for five days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as belinostat is delivered intravenously; wherein the concentration of cladribine is about 2 to about 5 mg/m 2 and belinostat is about 500 to about 1200 mg/m .
• the IV induction therapy is administered once a day for five days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as vorinostat is delivered in an oral composition comprising a concentration of cladribine at about 5 to about 20 mg/m 2 and vorinostat at about 200 to about 400 mg.
• the hypomethylating agent and HDACi may be administered individually or in a combination oral dose form e.g. a fixed-dose combination ("FDC").
• An FDC is a formulation of two or more active ingredients such as but not limited to the hypomethylating agent and an HDACi combined in a single dosage form; different dose preparations are available within the parameters herein set forth.
• the induction therapy may be administered orally once a day for five days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi, such as valproic acid is delivered in an oral composition comprising a concentration of cladribine at about 5 to about 20 mg/m 2 and valproic acid at about 250 mg to about 500 mg.
• oral valproic acid may be administered three times a day for five days and cladribine may be administered once a day for five days prior to the requisite cycle of mAB treatment.
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as entinostat acid is delivered in an oral composition comprising a concentration of cladribine at about 5 to about 20 mg/m 2 and entinostat at about 5 to about 10 mg.
• a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi
• entinostat acid is delivered in an oral composition comprising a concentration of cladribine at about 5 to about 20 mg/m 2 and entinostat at about 5 to about 10 mg.
• the induction therapy is administered orally once a day for five days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• an effective dose of a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi such as panobinostat is delivered in an oral composition comprising a concentration of cladnbine at about 5 to about 20 mg/m 2 and panobinostat at about 10 to about 20 mg.
• a hypomethylating agent such as cladribine and an HDACi
• panobinostat at about 10 to about 20 mg.
• the induction therapy is administered orally once a day for five days prior to the cycle of mAB treatment.
• Cladribine is readily available for topical, oral and IV formulations.
• Romidepsin is readily available for topical and iv formulations.
• Vorinostat is readily available for oral formulations.
• Valproic acid is readily available for oral and IV formulations.
• Entinostat is readily available for topical and oral formulations.
• Belinostat is readily available in intravenous formulations.
• Panobinostat is readily available for topical and oral formulations.
• hypomethylating agent and HDAC inhibitors presented are illustrative only.
• additional combinations of a hypomethylating agent and HDAC inhibitors can be created to meet the requirements of an individual and/or treatment protocol.
• additional drugs for example a proteasome inhibitor, such as bortezomib, and an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor.
• administration and or “administered” as used herein includes e.g., topical, transdermal, parenteral, vaginal, rectal, ocular, transmucosal, intranasal, and intravenous.
• topical implies intradermal delivery.
• transdermal implies systemic delivery via passage through the skin.
• parenteral as used herein includes e.g., subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intracisternal injection, or infusion techniques.
• Intravenous means intradermal, intramuscular, intramammary, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, retrobulbar, and/or intrapulmonary injection.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art.
• a transdermal composition may be formulated as a cream, salve, emollient, foam, lotion, liquid spray, collagen preparation, gel, semisolid gel, or ointment.
• the transdermal composition may be used "as is” or impregnated onto a breathable film such as polyurethane or nonwoven material or a dermal patch, or skin patch.
• the transdermal composition is combined with substances that increase the drug ability to penetrate the skin by drug solubilization and/or by affecting the skin biological structure that opens the transdermal passages.
• Typical penetration enhancers are e.g. isopropyl myristate, oleic alcohol, oleic acid, lauric acid, isopropyl palmitate, ester of fatty acids, DMSO.
• the composition may include acid or base components.
• component is intended to include those naturally occurring compounds and molecules identified as well as those formulated such as but not limited to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, and combinations thereof.
• an acidic substituent such as --COOH
• the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and like salts are contemplated as possible embodiments for administration to a biological host.
• an acidic salt such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, acetate, maleate, palmoate, phosphate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and the like, is contemplated as a possible form for administration to a biological host.
• esters of the compound e.g., methyl, tert-butyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, succinyl, and the like are contemplated as possible forms of the compounds, such esters being known in the art for modifying solubility and/or hydrolysis characteristics for use as sustained release or prodrug formulations.
• esters being known in the art for modifying solubility and/or hydrolysis characteristics for use as sustained release or prodrug formulations.
• some components may form solvates with water or common organic solvents. Such solvates are contemplated as part of the present invention as well.
• Aqueous suspensions may contain the components or active compounds in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
• excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyl-eneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides
• Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the components in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil or in a carrier such as liquid paraffin.
• the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or acetyl alcohol.
• Other thickeners may include hydroxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose polyacrylic acid, and/or, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose.
• Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active composition admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives.
• a dispersing or wetting agent e.g., kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin,
• compositions may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
• the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
• Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
• compositions may also be in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the composition.
• These compositions can be prepared for example by mixing the composition with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols, for example.
• Formulations of the compositions useful for practicing the present invention may be prepared for storage by mixing the selected composition having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers in the form of a lyophilized cake or an aqueous solution.
• Embodiments of the composition may be sterile. This is accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes, prior to or following lyophilization and reconstitution.
• One embodiment of the composition for parenteral administration ordinarily will be stored in lyophilized form or in solution.
• Embodiments of the composition may be placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.
• a sterile access port for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.
• the route of administration of the composition is in accord with known methods, e.g. topical, or by sustained release systems or imtreeation devices.
• sustained-release preparations include semipermeable polymer matrices in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films, or microcapsules.
• Sustained release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels, polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman, et al, Biopolymers, 22: 547-556 (1983), poly (2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) (Langer, et al, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15:167-277 (1981) and Langer, Chem.
• Sustained-release compositions also may include liposomes, which can be prepared by any of several methods known in the art (e.g., DE 3,218,121; Epstein, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:3688-3692 (1985); Hwang, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77:4030-4034 (1980); EP 52,322; EP 36,676; EP 88,046; EP 143,949).

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Related Parent Applications (1)

Related Child Applications (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=44069079

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (17)

Family Cites Families (62)

• 2010
  • 2010-04-29 US US12/769,913 patent/US8491927B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-04-30 CN CN2010800617444A patent/CN102711686A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-04-30 JP JP2012541988A patent/JP6002040B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-04-30 CA CA2782205A patent/CA2782205A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-04-30 MX MX2012006128A patent/MX2012006128A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2010-04-30 KR KR1020127017074A patent/KR20120127580A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2010-04-30 WO PCT/US2010/001287 patent/WO2011068522A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-04-30 AU AU2010326699A patent/AU2010326699B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-04-30 US US13/513,327 patent/US10434090B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-04-30 EP EP10834854.1A patent/EP2506814A4/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2019
  • 2019-08-23 US US16/549,442 patent/US20200222379A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (17)

Non-Patent Citations (24)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events