WO2011063641A1 - 一种起重机工况识别系统、起重机控制系统及起重机 - Google Patents

一种起重机工况识别系统、起重机控制系统及起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011063641A1
WO2011063641A1 PCT/CN2010/074236 CN2010074236W WO2011063641A1 WO 2011063641 A1 WO2011063641 A1 WO 2011063641A1 CN 2010074236 W CN2010074236 W CN 2010074236W WO 2011063641 A1 WO2011063641 A1 WO 2011063641A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crane
condition
main
detecting device
working condition
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Application number
PCT/CN2010/074236
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
部小平
周斌
罗军
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一汽车制造有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一汽车制造有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2011063641A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011063641A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64Jibs
    • B66C23/66Outer or upper end constructions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • B66C23/90Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • B66C23/905Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crane control technology, in particular to a crane working condition recognition system, and to a crane control system and a crane including the above crane working condition recognition system.
  • the crane is one of the most widely used construction machines. At present, in order to be able to adapt to the needs of a variety of operations, cranes generally have a variety of optional operating conditions to select the appropriate conditions for lifting operations based on actual operations.
  • the crane In order to adapt to the difference in the weight of the hoist and the lifting speed, the crane usually includes the main hook, the auxiliary hook and the hoisting brake system; the hoisting brake system includes the main hoisting brake subsystem and the auxiliary hoisting brake subsystem.
  • the main hoisting brake subsystem is connected to the main hook by a sling
  • the auxiliary hoisting brake subsystem is connected to the auxiliary hook by a sling.
  • the crane lifting condition includes two working conditions, namely the main hook working condition and the auxiliary hook working condition. Under the main hook condition, the main hoisting brake subsystem is hoisted, so that the main hook moves under the action of the sling.
  • the crane has a large sling magnification and more slings bear *3 ⁇ 4
  • the weight of the hanging item the crane has a large lifting limit and can lift heavy items; however, due to the large sling ratio, the lifting speed is low.
  • the auxiliary hoisting brake subsystem is hoisted, so that the auxiliary hook acts under the action of the sling, the crane has a smaller sling magnification, and less slings bear the weight of the hoisted items.
  • the crane has a higher lifting speed; however, because the hoisting rate is small, the upper limit of the hoisting weight is small, and it is impossible to lift heavy items.
  • you can choose the main hook condition to avoid overloading the crane and ensure the safety of cranes and cranes.
  • the existing crane is also provided with a jib, that is, the jib includes the main arm and the jib, and the jib can be installed.
  • the jib is subjected to a predetermined load during the lifting operation, and the height of the crane arm is extended, thereby increasing the radius of the lifting operation.
  • the crane's lifting conditions include the main boom and jib conditions.
  • the main arm working condition the main arm is subjected to the weight of the lifting object, and the heavy arm can be lifted due to the large bearing capacity of the main arm.
  • the jib lifting condition since the jib has a predetermined length, the position of the auxiliary hook can be correspondingly increased, so that the crane has a higher hoisting height and working radius; and at the same time, since the jib has a longer length, The weight of the load is small, so under this condition, the heavier cargo cannot be lifted.
  • main hook working condition and auxiliary hook working condition can be combined with the main arm working condition to form the main arm main hook working condition and the main arm auxiliary hook working condition, and the auxiliary hook working condition can also be combined with the auxiliary arm working condition to form the auxiliary working condition.
  • Arm hook hook condition In this way, the crane has three lifting conditions; when lifting, it is possible to select the appropriate working conditions for lifting according to the actual lifting operation.
  • the operator first determines the working conditions required by the crane, and compares the determined working conditions with the current working conditions of the crane, and then determines whether the current working conditions can meet the lifting requirements; In the working condition, due to misjudgment, or negligence of the work, the operator often cannot judge correctly; thus, the judgment error is caused, and the lifting operation is performed based on the wrong judgment, which causes the crane to carry out the lifting work under the inappropriate working condition, and thus is easy
  • the crane is overloaded; the overload of the crane not only damages the crane, shortens the service life of the crane, but also affects the safety of the lifting operation, and in serious cases, it may cause a safety accident.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a crane condition recognition system for automatically identifying a crane operating condition, thereby reducing damage to the crane due to misjudgment of the working condition, thereby improving the safety performance of the crane lifting operation.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a crane control system for reducing the occurrence of improper selection of humans and further improving the safety performance of the crane.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a crane having the above-described crane condition recognition system or crane control system.
  • the present invention provides a crane condition recognition system, the corresponding crane comprising a main hook, a secondary hook and a hoisting brake system, the hoisting brake system comprising a main hoisting brake a subsystem and a secondary hoisting brake subsystem, wherein the main hoisting brake subsystem is connected to the main hook by a sling, and the auxiliary hoisting brake subsystem is connected to the auxiliary hook by a sling, the crane condition recognition
  • the system includes a first detecting device, a controller, and an output device;
  • the first detecting device is configured to detect an operating state of the hoist braking system and generate a first state signal indicative of an operating state of the main hoisting brake subsystem;
  • the controller is configured to determine a working condition of the crane according to the first state signal; the output device outputs a predetermined signal according to a crane working condition determined by the controller.
  • the first detecting device is configured to detect an operating state of the main hoisting brake subsystem;
  • the crane condition recognition system further includes a second detecting device connected to the controller, wherein the second detecting device is configured to Detecting an operating state of the secondary hoisting brake subsystem and generating a second status signal indicative of an operating state of the secondary hoisting brake subsystem; the controller determining the crane based on the first state signal and the second state signal Working condition.
  • the first detecting device and the second detecting device are respectively connected to a starting circuit of the main hoist braking subsystem and a starting circuit of the auxiliary hoist braking subsystem, and respectively according to the starting circuit
  • the electrical signal outputs the first state signal and the second state signal.
  • the boom of the crane comprises a main arm and a jib; in the jib condition,
  • the crane condition recognition system further includes a third detecting device connected to the controller, and the third detecting device is configured to detect whether the crane is in the jib condition And generating a third status signal indicative of whether the crane is in the jib condition; the controller determining the operating condition of the crane based on the first status signal, the second status signal, and the third status signal.
  • the third detecting device includes a proximity switch and a sensing block that are used together; the proximity switch and the sensing block are respectively installed at an inner end of the main arm and the inner end of the jib, or are respectively installed at an inner end of the jib And a main arm arm head, the proximity switch generating a first status signal indicative of an operational state of the main hoist brake subsystem.
  • the third detecting device comprises a travel switch mounted on an inner end of the main arm arm or the jib.
  • the travel switch respectively In a different state.
  • the controller includes a first determining unit, a second determining unit, and a third determining unit.
  • the first determining unit is configured to determine, according to the first state signal, whether the crane is in the main arm main hook condition, and if And outputting a signal indicating the main hook main hook operating condition to the output device; if not, outputting the indication signal to the second determining unit;
  • the second determining unit is configured to determine, according to the indication signal output by the first determining unit and the second state signal, whether the crane is in the auxiliary hook working condition; if not, outputting a signal indicating the unlifted working condition to the output device; If yes, the third determining unit is configured to output an indication signal to the third determining unit.
  • the third determining unit is configured to determine, according to the indication signal of the second determining unit and the third state signal, whether the crane is in the auxiliary arm auxiliary hook condition, and if yes, The output device outputs a signal indicative of the jib secondary hook operating condition, and if not, outputs a signal indicative of the primary arm secondary hook operating condition to the output device.
  • the crane control system comprises a hoisting weight detecting device for obtaining the actual hoisting weight of the crane, a safety detecting device and any one of the above-mentioned crane working condition recognition systems; a setting unit, a comparison unit, and a processing unit, wherein the setting unit is configured to determine a working condition rated lifting weight according to a crane working condition determined by the controller; and the comparing unit is configured to use the actual lifting weight obtained by the lifting weight detecting device The predetermined processing determined by the setting unit.
  • the crane provided by the present invention includes any of the above-described crane condition recognition systems, or the above-described crane control system.
  • the first detecting means is configured to detect an operating state of the main hoisting brake subsystem, and further comprising: a second detecting means for detecting an operating state of the auxiliary hoisting brake subsystem, the second detecting means It is also possible to generate a second status signal that characterizes the operational state of the secondary hoist brake subsystem.
  • the controller can determine whether the crane is in a lifting condition according to the first state signal and the second state signal, and the first state signal and the second state signal indicate the main winding braking When both the system and the sub-winding brake subsystem are in an un-rolled state, it can be determined that the crane is in an un-lifted condition. In this way, the technical solution can not only realize the automatic identification of the lifting condition of the crane, but also realize the automatic identification of the unlifted working condition.
  • the first detecting device and the second detecting device are respectively a first pressure switch and a second pressure switch, and the first pressure switch and the second pressure switch are respectively installed on the main volume
  • the hydraulic drive oil passage of the lift brake subsystem and the hydraulic drive oil passage of the auxiliary hoist brake system, the first pressure switch second pressure switch can respectively generate a predetermined first state signal according to the hydraulic oil pressure of the hydraulic drive oil passage And the second signal; since the hydraulic drive oil pressure is directly related to the state of the main hoist brake subsystem, the controller can determine the main hoist brake subsystem and the slave according to the first state signal and the second state signal The hoisting state of the brake subsystem is hoisted to further determine the condition of the crane.
  • the technical solution has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation and low cost; Moreover, the detection performance of the technical solution is very reliable and the maintenance is very convenient.
  • the status of the primary hoist braking subsystem and the secondary hoist braking subsystem is detected by detecting an electrical signal of a starting circuit of the primary hoist braking subsystem. The technical solution can obtain the detection result quickly and improve the recognition efficiency of the crane working condition recognition system.
  • the lifting arm of the crane comprises a main arm and a jib. Therefore, the lifting condition of the crane also includes a main hook main hook condition, a main arm auxiliary hook working condition and a jib auxiliary hook working condition. kind of working conditions.
  • the crane condition recognition system further comprises a third detecting device, wherein the third detecting device is configured to detect whether the crane is in the jib working condition and generate a third character indicating whether the crane is in the jib working condition.
  • the controller determines a working condition of the crane according to the first state signal, the second state signal, and the third state signal; and the first state signal indicates that the main hoisting brake subsystem is not hoisted In the state, the main arm main working condition can be excluded; and according to the second state signal, it can be determined whether the crane is in the unlifted working condition; further, according to the third state signal, it can be determined that the crane is in the auxiliary arm pair The hook condition is still in the main arm auxiliary hook condition, so as to realize the automatic identification of the three lifting conditions of the crane and an unlifted working condition.
  • the third detecting device may be a proximity switch and an inductive block used together, or a travel switch or a limit switch.
  • the controller includes a plurality of determining units, and the plurality of determining units respectively determine the first state signal, the third state signal, and the second state signal, and the technical solution can ensure the accuracy of the judgment, thereby Improve the reliability of the crane condition recognition system.
  • the crane control system provided by the present invention not only includes any of the above-mentioned crane condition recognition systems, but also includes a hoisting weight detecting device for obtaining the actual hoisting weight of the crane, and can further determine whether the crane is determined according to the working condition identification state and the actual hoisting weight.
  • the safety detecting device comprises: a setting unit, a comparing unit and a processing unit, wherein the setting unit is configured to determine a rated lifting weight of the working condition when performing the lifting operation according to the crane working condition determined by the controller, Determining the corresponding actual hoisting weight limit or determining the actual hoisting weight limit according to different working conditions; the comparing unit can determine the actual hoisting weight obtained by the hoisting weight detecting device and the working condition rated hoist determined by the setting unit The relative ratio is to determine whether the actual hoisting weight is within the safe range and whether the lifting operation is safe; the processing unit can perform predetermined processing according to the comparison result of the comparison unit, or generate an appropriate report.
  • the alarm signal is used to remind the operator that the processing unit can be connected to the crane total control system to forcibly stop the lifting operation in a dangerous state, or to output safety detection results by other means, and the like.
  • the crane control system provided by the technical solution not only can automatically recognize the working condition of the crane, but also can judge the safety of the lifting operation of the crane according to the actual lifting weight of the crane, and can perform predetermined processing when the crane is in a dangerous state, thereby being able to overload the crane less. Phenomenon, reduce the occurrence of security incidents.
  • cranes including the above-described crane condition recognition system and crane control system also have corresponding technical effects to achieve the above-mentioned corresponding purposes.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial structural view of a first type of crane in the prior art, showing the main arm, the main body and the auxiliary hook and their positional relationship;
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a crane working condition recognition system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a crane working condition recognition system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of a second type of crane; The figure shows the main arm, the main body, the jib and the auxiliary hook and their positional relationship;
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a crane control system provided by the present invention. detailed description
  • Fig. 1 is a partial structural view of a first type of crane in the prior art, showing the main arm, the main structure and the auxiliary hook and their positional relationship.
  • the crane shown in FIG. 1 includes a main arm 10, a main hook 20 and a sub-hook 30; the main arm 10 includes a plurality of box-type telescopic arms that are sleeved with each other, and a telescopic drive mechanism is provided between the telescopic arms to drive the telescopic drive mechanism.
  • the relative motion is generated to realize the expansion and contraction of the main arm 10 to adjust the lifting height and working radius of the crane.
  • the hoisting brake system of the crane further includes a main hoisting brake subsystem and a secondary hoisting brake subsystem (not shown), and the main hoisting brake subsystem Attached to the main hook 20 by a sling, the main hook 20 is suspended from the arm of the main arm 10;
  • the moving subsystem is connected to the auxiliary hook 30 by a sling, and the auxiliary hook is suspended from the arm of the main arm 10.
  • the main hook 20 and the sub-hook 30 respectively have appropriate hook frames and hook bodies to lift the hoisting objects during the lifting operation.
  • the crane has two lifting conditions, one main arm main hook condition for lifting work by the main hook 20 when the main hoist brake system is hoisted, and the other is the auxiliary hoist brake system hoisting At the time, the main boom sub-hook condition of the lifting operation is performed by the sub-hook 30.
  • the crane condition recognition system provided by the present invention will be described below.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a crane working condition recognition system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the crane condition recognition system provided in the first embodiment includes a first detecting device 110, a controller 200 and an output device 300.
  • the first detecting device 110 is connected to the controller 200, and the controller 200 is connected to the output device 300.
  • the first detecting device 110 is coupled to the main hoist braking subsystem for detecting an operating state of the main hoist braking subsystem and generating a first state signal indicative of an operating state of the main hoisting brake subsystem; the controller 200
  • the operating condition of the crane is determined based on the first status signal, and the output device 300 is capable of outputting a predetermined signal according to the crane operating condition determined by the controller 200.
  • the first detecting device 110 can also determine the working state of the auxiliary hoist braking subsystem, determine the state of the main hoist braking subsystem by determining the working state of the auxiliary hoist braking subsystem, and further, control The device 200 determines the operating condition of the crane according to the first state signal generated by the first detecting device 110, thereby achieving the above object.
  • the output device 300 can have a variety of options, for example, can be a display to move the crane
  • the lifting condition is shown in an appropriate manner; it can also be an indicator group, according to the determined working conditions, different indicator lights show different lifting conditions of the crane, and so on.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a crane working condition recognition system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the crane identification system provided in the second embodiment further includes a second detecting device 120 for detecting the working state of the auxiliary hoisting brake subsystem, and the second detecting device 120 is further capable of Generating, according to the detection result, a second state signal indicating the working state of the main hoisting brake subsystem; meanwhile, the second detecting device 120 is connected to the controller 200, and can send the generated second state signal to the controller 200; the hoist
  • the condition recognition system is also applied to the first type of crane described above.
  • the controller 200 can determine whether the crane is in the lifting condition according to the first state signal and the second state signal, and can not only realize the automatic recognition of the crane lifting condition but also realize The automatic identification of the unlifted working condition is not only able to output a signal characterizing the lifting condition, but also output a signal characterizing the unlifted working condition, thereby providing a more comprehensive information for the operator to judge the working condition. , thus facilitating the timely discovery of problems in the crane.
  • the technical solution of using the pressure switch as the detecting device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation and low cost; moreover, the pressure switch has very reliable detection performance and is very convenient to maintain.
  • the second detecting device 120 can be The second pressure switch has the same detection principle as the first pressure switch.
  • first detecting device 110 and the second detecting device 120 can also be other detecting components, for example, may be appropriate voltage or current sensors, and the sensor and the main hoist braking subsystem and the sub-winding system
  • the starting circuit of the moving subsystem is connected to determine the state of the starting circuit according to the voltage or current of the starting circuit, thereby realizing the detection of the state of the main hoisting brake subsystem and the auxiliary hoist braking subsystem;
  • the electrical signal can obtain the detection result faster, thereby improving the recognition efficiency of the crane working condition recognition system.
  • the crane of the current crane usually has a jib, and the hoisting arm includes a main arm and a jib; when the hoisting height is required to be increased, the jib can be hoisted when the working radius is enlarged.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of the second type of crane, showing the main arm, the main body, the jib and the auxiliary hook and their positional relationship.
  • the crane includes a jib 40 in addition to the main boom 10, the main hook 20 and the sub-hook 30 of the first type of crane.
  • the jib 40 can be coupled to the main arm 10 by a detachable or foldable structure; under the main arm condition, the jib 40 can be detached or folded; under the jib condition, the inner end of the jib 40 and the main arm
  • the 10 arm head is fixed, and the jib 40 is extended outward; as shown by the broken line in Fig.
  • the auxiliary hook 30 can be hung from the outer end of the jib 40, thereby increasing the hoisting height and operation of the crane. radius.
  • the above-mentioned second type of crane lifting operation includes the main boom main hook condition, the main arm auxiliary hook working condition, and the auxiliary arm auxiliary hook working condition.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention provides another crane working condition recognition system.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a crane working condition recognition system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the crane working condition recognition system provided in the third embodiment further includes a third detecting device 130, and the third detecting device 130 is configured to detect whether the crane is in the jib working condition, that is, detecting the inner end of the auxiliary arm 40. Whether it is fixed with the main arm 10 arm head, and can generate a third state signal indicating whether the crane is in the jib working condition according to the detection result.
  • the third detecting device 130 can have various options, for example: a proximity switch and a sensing block that can be used together, and the proximity switch and the sensing block are respectively installed at the inner end of the main arm 10 arm head and the jib 40, or separately installed.
  • the sensing block enters the sensing area of the proximity switch.
  • the proximity switch generates a corresponding signal; when the inner end of the jib 40 is separated from the arm head of the main arm 10, the proximity switch generates another signal, so that the third detecting device 130 can be different according to the position of the jib 40.
  • the controller 200 outputs a third state signal to detect the state of the jib 40; the third detecting device 130 can also be a stroke switch or a limit switch, and the stroke switch or the limit switch can be fixed at the inner end or the main arm of the jib 40 When the head of the arm is fixed, different signals can be generated according to the position of the jib 40 to characterize the state of the jib 40, and the state of the jib 40 can be detected.
  • the above methods have reliable performance, easy maintenance, manufacturing, and maintenance costs. Low features.
  • the controller 200 includes a first determining unit 210, a second determining unit 220, and a third determining unit 230.
  • the first determining unit 210 can determine whether the crane is in the main arm main hook condition according to the first state signal, and if the determination result is yes, output to the output device 300.
  • the second determining unit 220 can determine whether the crane is in the secondary hook condition according to the indication signal output by the first determining unit 210 and the second status signal.
  • the second judging unit 220 can determine whether the sub-winding brake subsystem is in the hoisting state according to the second state signal, and further can determine whether the crane is in the auxiliary hook working condition; if not, it can be determined that the crane is in the un-lifting working condition,
  • the second determining unit 220 can output a signal indicating that the unlifted working condition is output to the output device 300; if yes, because in the auxiliary hook working condition, further including the main arm auxiliary hook working condition and the auxiliary arm auxiliary hook working condition, in this case Next, it is necessary to further judge the state of the sub-arm 40.
  • the second judging unit 220 can output an instruction signal to the third judging unit 230 to perform further judgment.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the working process of the crane working condition recognition system in the third embodiment:
  • step S600 is started.
  • the first detecting device 110, the second detecting device 120, and the third detecting device 130 perform detection, and output the signals obtained by the detection to the respective determining units of the controller 200.
  • Step S601 determining whether the crane is in the main arm main hook condition, that is, determining whether the crane is in the main arm main hook condition according to the first state signal generated by the first detecting device 110; if yes, outputting the judgment result, returning to the next step Determine the loop process; if no, go to the next step.
  • Step S602 determining whether the crane is in the auxiliary hook working condition, that is, determining according to the indication signal output by the first determining unit 210 and the second state signal; if not, determining that the crane is in the unlifted working condition, and proceeding to the next judgment
  • the loop process step S601 then outputs the judgment result; if YES, the process proceeds to the next step.
  • Step S603 determining whether the crane is in the jib working condition, determining whether the crane is in the jib working condition according to the second determining unit 220 and the third state signal; if not, determining that the crane is in the main arm auxiliary hook working condition, if Yes, it can be determined that the crane is in the jib auxiliary hook condition, and the judgment result is respectively output; and then proceeds to the next judgment loop process step S601.
  • the working condition of the crane can also be determined in the above manner, and, because the crane working condition recognition system provided in the second embodiment only needs to determine the main hook main working condition, the main The arm auxiliary hook condition and the unlifted working condition, therefore, when judging by the above manner, the purpose of the crane working condition can be determined by two steps; accordingly, the controller 200 of the crane identification system includes two judging units The above purpose can be achieved. It can be understood that the controller 200 is not limited to being determined in the above manner, and those skilled in the art may determine the crane working condition according to the generated state signal of the corresponding detecting device according to the above description, and the following describes another manner. .
  • the controller 200 may assign different values to the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter according to the first state signal, the third state signal, and the third state signal, and then acquire the first parameter, the second parameter.
  • the sum of the parameters and the third parameter based on the sum of the three parameters, can determine the crane operating conditions.
  • the first parameter when the main hoisting brake subsystem is not hoisted, the first parameter can be 0, and when the main hoisting brake subsystem is hoisted, the first parameter can be made 1;
  • the second parameter when the auxiliary hoist brake system is not hoisted, the second parameter may be 0, and when the auxiliary hoist brake system is hoisted, the second parameter may be 2; in the jib condition, Let the third parameter be 0; and in the jib condition, the third parameter can be made 3.
  • the crane working condition when the sum of the three parameters is 0, it can be determined that the crane is in the unlifted condition; when the sum of the three parameters is 1, the crane is in the main hook main hook condition; when the sum of the three parameters is 2, the crane It is in the condition of the main arm auxiliary hook; when the sum of the three parameters is 5, the crane is in the jib auxiliary hook condition.
  • determining the crane working condition by setting the numerical value can also be applied in the technical solution of the second embodiment; when applying in the crane working condition identification system in the second embodiment, the two parameters can be preset to realize the determination of the working condition of the crane. purpose.
  • those skilled in the art can also select other values according to the above description, and the purpose of determining and identifying the working conditions of the crane can also be achieved.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a crane control system provided by the present invention; the system not only includes the above-mentioned crane condition recognition system, but also includes a hoisting weight detecting device 400 for obtaining the actual hoisting weight of the crane and A safety detecting device 500 that determines whether the lifting operation is safe.
  • the hoisting and detecting device 400 may be a technical solution disclosed in the prior art to obtain the actual hoisting weight of the crane; for example, the Chinese patent documents CN101214903 and CN2920952 respectively disclose a technical solution for measuring the hoisting weight of the crane, that is, applying appropriate superiority.
  • the actual lifting weight can be obtained by measuring the supporting force of the supporting leg by measuring the force of the supporting leg and then subtracting the weight of the crane itself.
  • the security detecting device 500 includes a setting unit 510, a comparing unit 520, and a processing unit 530.
  • the maximum lifting weight of the crane under different working conditions there are corresponding differences in the maximum lifting weight of the crane under different working conditions, and the corresponding difference in the weight limit that can be lifted, if the lifting can be determined according to the working conditions, the corresponding lifting is determined.
  • the upper limit value not only maximizes the lifting capacity of the crane, but also ensures the safety of the lifting operation.
  • the setting unit 510 is configured to determine a rated hoisting weight corresponding to the working condition according to the working condition of the crane determined by the controller 200, to provide a judgment basis for determining the safe lifting value under the working condition, or provide a judgment hoisting weight limit. Benchmark.
  • the specific manner may be that the corresponding data is preset in the setting unit 510, and the data is corresponding to the working condition of the crane, so that the setting unit 510 can select the predetermined data as the working condition rated hanging according to the determined crane working condition. weight.
  • the comparing unit 520 is configured to compare the actual hoisting weight obtained by the hoisting weight detecting device 400 with the rated hoisting weight determined by the setting unit 510 to determine whether the lifting weight is within a safe range, whether the lifting operation is safe, and capable of The result of the comparison is sent to processing unit 530.
  • the processing unit 530 is configured to perform predetermined processing according to the comparison result of the comparison unit 520.
  • the manner of processing may be determined according to actual conditions, or an appropriate signal may be generated, for example, when it is safe, a corresponding signal is generated, and when it is unsafe, another type is generated.
  • the signal generates a corresponding alarm signal when it is dangerous; or, when it is dangerous, forcibly stops the lifting operation by the crane's total control system, or outputs the safety detection result by other means, and so on.
  • the crane control system not only can automatically recognize the working condition of the crane, but also can judge the safety of the crane according to the actual hoisting weight of the crane, and perform predetermined processing when the crane is in an unsafe or dangerous state, thereby being able to reduce the crane. Overloading, which in turn reduces the occurrence of safety incidents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

一种起重机工况识别系统、 起重机控制系统 ^重机 本申请要求于 2009 年 11 月 27 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910225694.8、 发明名称为 "一种起重机工况识别系统、起重机控制系统 及起重机"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请 中。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种起重机控制技术,特别涉及一种起重机工况识别系统, 还涉及到包括上述起重机工况识别系统的起重机控制系统和起重机。 背景技术
起重机是当前应用非常广泛的工程机械之一。 目前, 为了能够适应多 种作业的需要, 起重机一般具有多种可选的工况, 以根据实际作业, 选择 适当的工况进行起重作业。
为了适应起吊物重量的不同, 同时兼顾起吊速度, 起重机通常包括主 钩、 副钩和卷扬制动系统; 卷扬制动系统又包括主卷扬制动子系统和副卷 扬制动子系统; 主卷扬制动子系统通过吊绳与主钩相连, 副卷扬制动子系 统通过吊绳与副钩相连。 与起重机的结构相适应, 根据进行起吊作业时所 用吊钩的不同, 起重机起吊工况包括两种工况, 即主钩工况和副钩工况。 在主钩工况下, 主卷扬制动子系统卷扬, 使主钩在吊绳作用下动作, 此工 况下,起重机具有较大的吊绳倍率,有较多的吊绳承受 *¾吊物品的重量; 起重机具有较大的起重上限, 能够起吊较重的物品;但由于吊绳倍率较大, 起吊速度较低。 在副钩工况下, 副卷扬制动子系统卷扬, 使副钩在吊绳作 用下动作, 起重机具有较小的吊绳倍率, 较少的吊绳承受被起吊物品的重 量, 此工况下, 起重机具有较高的起吊速度; 但由于吊绳倍率较小, 起吊 吊重的上限较小, 不能起吊较重的物品。 在起吊重量较大的物品时, 可以 选择主钩工况, 以避免起重机过载, 保证起重机及起重机作业的安全; 在 起吊重量较小的物品时, 可以选择副钩工况, 以提高起吊速度, 保证起重 机具有较高的作业效率。
另外, 在副钩工况下, 吊绳倍率较小, 起吊物品重量较小, 起重臂承 受的负载较小, 为了使起重机具有更高的起吊高度, 充公利用起重臂的承 载能力, 现有的起重机还设置有副臂, 即起重臂包括主臂和副臂, 副臂能 够安装在主臂上端, 以在进行起吊作业时, 使副臂承受预定的负载, 延长 起重机臂的高度, 进而增加起重作业的半径。 根据起吊时, 使用的起重臂 的不同, 起重机的起吊工况又包括主臂工况和副臂工况。 在主臂工况下, 主臂承受起吊物品重量, 由于主臂具有较大的承重能力, 能够对较重的物 品进行起吊。 在副臂起吊工况下, 由于副臂具有预定的长度, 从而能够副 钩位置也相应提高,从而使起重机具有更高的起吊高度和作业半径; 同时, 由于副臂具有较长的长度, 其承载的重量较小, 因此, 该工况下, 不能对 较重的货物进行起吊。
上述的主钩工况、 副钩工况能够分别与主臂工况相结合形成主臂主钩 工况和主臂副钩工况, 副钩工况还能够与副臂工况相结合形成副臂副钩工 况。 这样, 起重机就有了三种起吊工况; 在进行起吊作业时, 可以根据实 际起吊作业的需要, 选择适合的工况进行起吊作业。
虽然起重机具有多种工况能够为起吊作业提供多种选择, 兼顾起吊重 量、起吊高度和起吊效率;但多种可选工况的存在也造成严重的安全问题。
首先, 在进行起吊作业时, 操作人员首先确定起重机所需要的工况, 并就确定的工况和起重机的当前工况进行对比, 然后确定当前工况是否能 够满足起吊需要; 在确定起重机所处工况时, 由于判断失误, 或存在工作 疏忽, 操作人员往往不能正确判断; 从而导致判断错误, 并以错误判断为 基础进行起吊作业, 导致起重机在不合适的工况下进行起吊作业, 进而容 易导致起重机超载; 起重机超载不仅会对起重机造成损害, 缩短起重机的 使用寿命, 还会影响起重作业的安全性, 严重者还会造成安全事故。
其次, 由于操作人员的人为因素, 如为了逃避起重机设定的最大吊装 限值上, 同时为了提高起吊效率, 可能倾向于选择起吊速度较高的副臂副 钩工况或主臂副钩工况进行起吊; 在起吊物品超过该工况下的最大起吊限 值时, 造成起重机的超载, 损害起重机性能, 超载严重时还会造成安全事 故。 发明内容 因此, 本发明的第一个目的在于, 提供一种起重机工况识别系统, 以 自动识别起重机工况, 减少由于对工况的判断错误而导致起重机受损, 进 而提高起重机起吊作业的安全性能。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种起重机控制系统, 以减小人为选择 不当情况的发生, 进一步地提高起重机的安全性能。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种具有上述起重机工况识别系统或起 重机控制系统的起重机。
为了实现上述第一个目的, 本发明提供了一种起重机工况识别系统, 所对应的起重机包括主钩、 副钩和卷扬制动系统, 所述卷扬制动系统包括 主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统, 所述主卷扬制动子系统通过吊绳 与主钩相连, 所述副卷扬制动子系统通过吊绳与副钩相连, 该起重机工况 识别系统包括第一检测装置、 控制器和输出装置;
所述第一检测装置用于检测卷扬制动系统的工作状态, 并产生表征主 卷扬制动子系统工作状态的第一状态信号;
所述控制器用于根据所述第一状态信号确定起重机的工况; 所述输出装置根据所述控制器确定的起重机工况输出预定信号。
优选的, 所述第一检测装置用于检测主卷扬制动子系统的工作状态; 所述起重机工况识别系统还包括与控制器相连的第二检测装置, 所述 第二检测装置用于检测副卷扬制动子系统的工作状态, 并产生表征副卷扬 制动子系统工作状态的第二状态信号; 所述控制器根据所述第一状态信号 和所述第二状态信号确定起重机的工况。
可选的, 所述第一检测装置和第二检测装置为第一压力开关和第二压 力开关; 所述第一压力开关和第二压力开关分别安装在所述主卷扬制动子 系统的液压驱动油路和所述副卷扬制动子系统的液压驱动油路上, 并分别 根据液压油的压力值输出所述第一状态信号和所述第二状态信号。
可选的, 所述第一检测装置和第二检测装置分别与所述主卷扬制动子 系统的启动电路和所述副卷扬制动子系统的启动电路相连, 并分别根据启 动电路的电信号输出所述第一状态信号和所述第二状态信号。
优选的, 在所述起重机的起重臂包括主臂和副臂; 在副臂工况下, 所 述副臂内端部与主臂臂头部固定时, 所述起重机工况识别系统还包括与控 制器相连的第三检测装置, 所述第三检测装置用于检测起重机是否处于副 臂工况,并产生表征起重机是否处于副臂工况的第三状态信号; 所述控制 器根据所述第一状态信号、 第二状态信号和第三状态信号确定起重机的工 况。
可选的, 所述第三检测装置包括配合使用的接近开关和感应块; 所述 接近开关和感应块分别安装在主臂臂头部和副臂内端部, 或分别安装在副 臂内端部和主臂臂头部, 所述接近开关产生表征主卷扬制动子系统工作状 态的第一状态信号。
可选的, 所述第三检测装置包括安装在主臂臂头或副臂内端部的行程 开关, 所述副臂内端部与主臂臂头部固定和分离时, 所述行程开关分别处 于不同的状态。
优选的, 所述控制器包括第一判断单元、 第二判断单元和第三判断单 元; 所述第一判断单元用于根据第一状态信号判断起重机是否处于主臂主 钩工况, 如果为是, 则向输出装置输出表征主臂主钩工况的信号; 如果为 否, 则向第二判断单元输出指示信号;
所述第二判断单元用于根据第一判断单元输出的指示信号和第二状态 信号判断起重机是否处于副钩工况; 如果为否, 则向输出装置输出表征未 起吊工况的信号; 如果为是, 则向第三判断单元输出指示信号; 所述第三 判断单元用于根据第二判断单元的指示信号和第三状态信号判断起重机是 否处于副臂副钩工况, 如果为是, 则向输出装置输出表征副臂副钩工况的 信号, 如果为否, 则向输出装置输出表征主臂副钩工况的信号。
为了实现上述第二个目的, 本发明提供的起重机控制系统包括用于获 得起重机实际吊重的吊重检测装置, 安全检测装置和上述任一种起重机工 况识别系统; 所述安全检测装置包括设定单元、 对比单元和处理单元, 所 述设定单元用于根据控制器确定的起重机工况确定工况额定吊重; 所述对 比单元用于将所述吊重检测装置获得的实际吊重与所述设定单元确定的工 预定处理。 为了实现上述第三个目的, 本发明提供的起重机包括上述任一种起重 机工况识别系统, 或上述起重机控制系统。
与现有技术相比, 本发明提供的起重机工况识别系统包括第一检测装 置、控制器和输出装置, 第一检测装置用于检测卷扬制动系统的工作状态, 并产生表征主卷扬制动子系统工作状态的第一状态信号; 控制器用于根据 第一状态信号确定起重机的工况; 主卷扬制动子系统处于卷扬状态, 控制 器可以确定起重机处于主臂主钩工况, 然后向输出装置输出该工况; 输出 装置能够根据控制器确定起重机工况, 输出预定信号。 采用该技术方案, 操作人员就能够根据预定信号, 确定起重机所处的工况, 从而实现自动识 别起重机工况的目的; 进而减少由于对工况判断错误导致的起重机受损, 从而提高起重机起吊作业的安全性能。
在进一步的优选技术方案中, 第一检测装置用于检测主卷扬制动子系 统的工作状态, 还包括用于检测副卷扬制动子系统的工作状态第二检测装 置, 第二检测装置还能够产生表征副卷扬制动子系统工作状态的第二状态 信号。 该技术方案中, 由于第二检测装置的加入, 控制器能够根据第一状 态信号和第二状态信号确定起重机是否处于起吊工况, 在第一状态信号和 第二状态信号表示主卷扬制动系统和副卷扬制动子系统都处于未卷扬状态 时, 可以确定起重机处于未起吊工况。 这样, 该技术方案不仅能够实现对 起重机起吊工况的自动识别, 还能够实现对未起吊工况的自动识别。
在进一步的可选技术方案中, 所述第一检测装置和第二检测装置分别 为第一压力开关和第二压力开关, 所述第一压力开关和第二压力开关分别 安装在所述主卷扬制动子系统的液压驱动油路和副卷扬制动子系统的液压 驱动油路上, 第一压力开关第二压力开关能够分别根据液压驱动油路的液 压油压力产生预定的第一状态信号和第二状信号; 由于液压驱动油路压力 与主卷扬制动子系统的状态直接相关, 因此, 控制器能够根据第一状态信 号和第二状态信号确定主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统的卷扬状 态, 从而进一步地确定起重机的工况。 该技术方案具有结构筒单、 安装方 便, 成本较低的特点; 而且, 该技术方案的检测性能非常可靠, 维护也非 常方便。 在进一步的可选技术方案中, 通过检测主卷扬制动子系统的启动电路 的电信号检测主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统的状态。 该技术方案 能够较快地获得检测结果, 提高起重机工况识别系统的识别效率。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述起重机的起重臂包括主臂和副臂, 因此, 起重机起吊工况也包括主臂主钩工况、 主臂副钩工况和副臂副钩工况三种 工况。为了区分上述三种工况,起重机工况识别系统还包括第三检测装置, 所述第三检测装置用于检测起重机是否处于副臂工况, 并产生表征起重机 是否处于副臂工况的第三状态信号; 与此相适应, 控制器根据第一状态信 号、 第二状态信号和第三状态信号确定起重机所处的工况; 在第一状态信 号表征主卷扬制动子系统处于未卷扬状态时,就可以将主臂主构工况排除; 再根据第二状态信号就可以确定起重机是否处于未起吊工况;再进一步地, 根据第三状态信号, 就可以确定起重机是处于副臂副钩工况, 还是处于主 臂副钩工况, 从而实现对起重机三种起吊工况和一种未起吊工况的自动识 别。
在进一步的可选技术方案中, 第三检测装置可以是配合使用的接近开 关和感应块, 也可以行程开关或限位开关, 上述方式都具有性能可靠, 便 于维护和制造、 维护成本低的特点。
在更进一步的技术方案中, 所述控制器包括多个判断单元, 多个判断 单元分别判断第一状态信号、 第三状态信号和第二状态信号, 该技术方案 能够保证判断的准确性, 从而提高起重机工况识别系统的可靠性。
本发明提供的起重机控制系统中, 不仅包括上述任一种起重机工况识 别系统, 还包括用于获得起重机实际吊重的吊重检测装置和能够根据工况 识别状态和实际吊重进一步判断起重机是否安全的安全检测装置; 所述安 全检测装置包括设定单元、 对比单元和处理单元, 所述设定单元用于根据 控制器确定的起重机工况确定进行起重作业时的工况额定吊重, 以根据工 况的不同确定相对应的实际吊重限值或判断实际吊重限值的基准; 对比单 元能够将所述吊重检测装置获得的实际吊重与设定单元确定的工况额定吊 重相对比, 以确定实际吊重是否处于安全的范围内,及起重作业是否安全; 处理单元能够根据对比单元的对比结果进行预定处理, 或者产生适当的报 警信号, 以提醒操作人员, 还可以使处理单元与起重机总控制系统相连, 以在危险状态下强制停止起吊作业,或者通过其他方式输出安全检测结果, 等等。该技术方案提供的起重机控制系统不仅能够自动识别起重机的工况, 还能够根据起重机实际吊重, 判断起重机起吊作业安全性, 并能够在起重 机处于危险状态时, 进行预定处理, 从而能够少起重机超载现象, 减少安 全事故的发生。
同样, 包括上述起重机工况识别系统和起重机控制系统的起重机也具 有相应的技术效果, 实现上述相对应的目的。 附图说明
图 1是现有技术中, 第一种起重机的部分结构图, 图中示出了主臂、 主构和副钩及其位置关系;
图 2是本发明实施例一提供的起重机工况识别系统的结构框图; 图 3是本发明实施例二提供的起重机工况识别系统的结构框图; 图 4是第二种起重机的部分结构图, 图中示出了主臂、 主构、 副臂和 副钩及其位置关系;
图 5是本发明实施例三提供的起重机工况识别系统的结构框图; 图 6是起重机工况识别系统的工作过程流程图;
图 7是本发明提供的一种起重机控制系统的结构框图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述, 本部分的描述仅是示范性和解 释性, 不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。
请参考图, 图 1是现有技术中, 第一种起重机的部分结构图, 图中示 出了主臂、 主构和副钩及其位置关系。
图 1所示的起重机包括主臂 10、主钩 20和副钩 30; 主臂 10包括多节 相互套接的箱式伸缩臂, 伸缩臂之间具有伸缩驱动机构, 以在伸缩驱动机 构的驱动下产生相对运动,进而实现主臂 10的伸缩, 以调整起重机的起吊 高度和作业半径。 与主钩 20和副钩 30相对应, 起重机的卷扬制动系统还 包括主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统(图中未示出),主卷扬制动子 系统通过吊绳与主钩 20相连,使主钩 20悬挂于主臂 10的臂头; 副卷扬制 动子系统通过吊绳与副钩 30相连, 使副钩悬挂于主臂 10臂头。 主钩 20 和副钩 30分别具有适当的钩架与钩体, 以在进行起吊作业时,将被起吊物 吊起。 该起重机具有两种起吊工况, 一种主卷扬制动子系统卷扬时, 通过 主钩 20 进行起吊作业的主臂主钩工况, 另一种是副卷扬制动子系统卷扬 时, 通过副钩 30进行起吊作业的主臂副钩工况。 对应上述第一种起重机, 以下对本发明提供的起重机工况识别系统进行描述。
请参考图 2, 该图是本发明实施例一提供的起重机工况识别系统的结 构框图。 实施例一提供的起重机工况识别系统包括第一检测装置 110、 控 制器 200和输出装置 300, 第一检测装置 110与控制器 200相连, 控制器 200又与输出装置 300相连。 第一检测装置 110与主卷扬制动子系统相连, 用于检测主卷扬制动子系统的工作状态, 并产生表征主卷扬制动子系统工 作状态的第一状态信号;控制器 200根据第一状态信号确定起重机的工况, 输出装置 300能够根据控制器 200确定的起重机工况输出预定信号。
由于上述第一种起重机具有两种起吊工况, 第一检测装置 110能够根 据主卷扬制动子系统的状态产生相应的第一状态信号; 控制器 200根据第 一状态信号就可以确定主卷扬制动子系统是否卷扬, 如果主卷扬制动子系 统处于卷扬状态, 就可以确定该起重机处于主臂主钩工况; 如果主卷扬制 动子系统处于未卷扬状态, 就可以确定该起重机处于主臂副钩工况; 从而 方便地确定起重机的起吊工况; 然后再通过输出装置 300将确定的起重机 工况输出。 操作人员能够根据预定信号确定起重机的工况, 实现自动识别 起重机工况的目的, 进而减少由于工况判断错误导致起重机受损的现象产 生, 提高起重机起吊作业的安全性能。 另外, 可以理解, 第一检测装置 110 不限于通过检测主卷扬制动子系统确定起重机的起吊工况, 在主卷扬制动 系统和副卷扬制动系统只能有一个进行卷扬的情况下, 第一检测装置 110 也可以通过检测副卷扬制动子系统的工作状态, 通过确定副卷扬制动子系 统的工作状态, 确定主卷扬制动子系统的状态, 进而, 控制器 200才艮据第 一检测装置 110产生的第一状态信号确定起重机所处的工况, 实现上述目 的。
输出装置 300可以有多种选择, 比如说, 可以为显示器, 以将起重机 的起吊工况通过适当的方式示出; 也可以是指示灯组, 根据确定的工况, 由不同的指示灯示出起重机不同的起吊工况, 等等。
本领域技术人员可以理解, 对于第一种起重机来讲, 虽然起吊工况包 括两种, 但还存在非起吊的工况, 为了进一步确定该起重机处于非起吊工 况的情况, 本发明实施例二还提供了另一种起重机工况识别系统。
请参考图 3 , 该图是本发明实施例二提供的起重机工况识别系统的结 构框图。 在实施例一提供的起重机工况识别系统的基础上, 实施例二提供 的起重机识别系统还包括用于检测副卷扬制动子系统工作状态第二检测装 置 120, 第二检测装置 120还能够根据检测结果产生表征主卷扬制动子系 统工作状态的第二状态信号; 同时,第二检测装置 120与控制器 200相连, 能够将产生的第二状态信号输送给控制器 200; 该起重机工况识别系统同 样应用于上述第一种起重机。
实施例二中, 由于第二检测装置 120的加入, 在第一状态信号和第二 状态信号表示主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统都处于未卷扬状态 时, 可以确定起重机处于未起吊工况; 从而, 本例中, 控制器 200能够根 据第一状态信号和第二状态信号确定起重机是否处于起吊工况, 不仅能够 实现对起重机起吊工况的自动识另 还能够实现对未起吊工况的自动识另' J ; 输出装置 300不仅能够输出表征起吊工况的信号, 还能够输出表征未起吊 工况的信号, 进而为操作人员对工况的判断提供更全面的信息, 从而为及 时发现起重机存在的问题提供便利。
上述第一检测装置 110和第二检测装置 120具有多种选择, 可以根据 实际需要选择能够根据卷扬制动系统状态产生变化信号的传感器; 实施例 一中, 第一检测装置 110为第一压力开关, 第一压力开关安装在所述主卷 扬制动子系统的液压驱动油路上, 并能够根据液压驱动油路的液压油压力 产生预定的第一状态信号; 由于液压驱动油路压力与主卷扬制动子系统卷 扬状态直接相关, 因此, 控制器 200能够根据第一状态信号, 确定主卷扬 制动子系统的状态, 进一步地确定起重机的工况。 用压力开关作为检测装 置的技术方案具有结构筒单、 安装方便, 成本较低的特点; 而且, 压力开 关检测性能非常可靠, 维护也非常方便。 同样, 第二检测装置 120可以为 第二压力开关, 其检测原理与第一压力开关的检测原理相同。 可以理解, 第一检测装置 110和第二检测装置 120也可以为其他检测元件, 比如说, 可以是适当的电压或电流传感器, 并将该传感器与主卷扬制动子系统和副 卷扬制动子系统的启动电路相连, 以根据启动电路的电压或电流等信号, 确定启动电路的状态, 从而实现对主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统 的状态的检测; 通过检测电信号能够较快地获得检测结果, 进而提高起重 机工况识别系统的识别效率。
如背景技术描述, 当前起重机的起重机通常还具有副臂, 起重臂包括 主臂和副臂; 在需要提高起吊高度时, 扩大作业半径时, 可以通过副臂进 行起吊作业。
请参考图 4, 该图是第二种起重机的部分结构图, 图中示出了主臂、 主构、 副臂和副钩及其位置关系。 该起重机除了包括第一种起重机的主臂 10、 主钩 20和副钩 30外, 还包括副臂 40。 副臂 40可以通过可拆卸或可 折叠的结构与主臂 10相连; 在主臂工况下, 副臂 40可以拆下或折叠; 在 副臂工况下, 副臂 40内端部与主臂 10臂头部固定, 副臂 40向外伸出; 如 图 4中虚线所示, 在副臂工况下, 副钩 30可以悬挂于副臂 40外端, 从而 能够增加起重机的起吊高度和作业半径。 这样, 上述第二种起重机起吊工 况就包括主臂主钩工况、 主臂副钩工况和副臂副钩工况。 为了区分上述三 种起吊工况及未起吊工况, 本发明实施例三提供了另一种起重机工况识别 系统。
请参考图 5 , 该图是本发明实施例三提供的起重机工况识别系统的结 构框图。 在实施例二的基础上, 实施例三提供的起重机工况识别系统还包 括第三检测装置 130, 第三检测装置 130用于检测起重机是否处于副臂工 况, 即检测副臂 40内端部是否与主臂 10臂头部固定, 并能够根据检测结 果产生表征起重机是否处于副臂工况的第三状态信号。
第三检测装置 130可以有多种选择, 比如说: 可以是配合使用的接近 开关和感应块, 接近开关和感应块分别安装在主臂 10臂头部和副臂 40内 端部,或分别安装在副臂 40内端部和主臂 10臂头部,在副臂 40内端部与 主臂 10臂头部固定时, 即处于副臂工况时,感应块进入接近开关的感应区 内,接近开关产生对应的信号; 在副臂 40内端部与主臂 10臂头部分离时, 接近开关产生另一种信号,从而使第三检测装置 130能够根据副臂 40的位 置不同向控制器 200输出第三状态信号, 实现对副臂 40状态的检测; 第三 检测装置 130也可以行程开关或限位开关, 行程开关或限位开关可以固定 在副臂 40内端部或主臂 10臂头部固定时,并能够根据副臂 40的位置产生 不同的信号, 以表征副臂 40状态, 实现对副臂 40状态的检测, 上述方式 都具有性能可靠, 便于维护和制造、 维护成本低的特点。
实施例二中, 控制器 200可以根据第一状态信号、 第二状态信号和第 三状态信号确定起重机的多种工况。 基本判断原理是: 如果主卷扬制动子 系统处于卷扬状态,就可以确定起重机处于主臂主钩工况; 在副臂工况下, 如果主卷扬制动子系统处于未卷扬状态, 且副卷扬制动子系统处于卷扬状 态, 则可以确定起重机处于副臂副钩工况; 在主臂工况下, 如果主卷扬制 动子系统处于未卷扬状态, 且副卷扬制动子系统处于卷扬状态, 则可以确 定起重机处于主臂副钩工况; 如果主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动子系统 都处于未卷扬状态, 可以确定起重机处于未起吊工况。
为了实现上述判断目的, 如图 5所示, 本实施例中, 控制器 200包括 第一判断单元 210、 第二判断单元 220和第三判断单元 230。
由于第一状态信号可以表征卷扬制动系统的状态, 从而第一判断单元 210 能够根据第一状态信号判断起重机是否处于主臂主钩工况, 如果判断 结果为是, 则向输出装置 300输出表征主臂主钩工况的信号; 如果为否, 由于在该状态下, 存在未起吊工况、 副臂副钩工况和主臂副钩工况三种情 况, 因此, 有必要进一步进行判断, 因此, 第一判断单元 210向第二判断 单元 220输出指示信号。
第二判断单元 220能够根据第一判断单元 210输出的指示信号和第二 状态信号判断起重机是否处于副钩工况。 第二判断单元 220根据第二状态 信号可以确定副卷扬制动子系统是否处于卷扬状态, 进而可以判断起重机 是否处于副钩工况时; 如果为否, 可以确定起重机处于未起吊工况, 第二 判断单元 220能够向输出装置 300输出表征未起吊工况的信号;如果为是, 由于在副钩工况下, 进一步包括主臂副钩工况和副臂副钩工况, 在此状况 下, 有必要进一步判断副臂 40的状态, 此时, 第二判断单元 220能够向第 三判断单元 230输出指示信号, 以进行进一步的判断。
第三判断单元 230根据第三状态信号和第二判断单元 220的指示信号 判断起重机是否处于副臂副钩工况, 如果为是, 则可以确定起重机处于副 臂副钩工况, 第三判断单元 230向输出装置 300输出表征副臂副钩工况的 信号, 如果为否, 则可以确定起重机处于主臂副钩工况, 由第三判断单元 230向输出装置 300输出表征主臂副钩工况的信号, 实现对起重机工况的 自动识别。
请参考图 6, 该图是实施例三中起重机工况识别系统的工作过程流程 图:
启动起重机工况识别系统后, 开始步骤 S600, 第一检测装置 110、 第 二检测装置 120和第三检测装置 130进行检测, 并将检测获得的信号输出 给控制器 200的各判断单元。
步骤 S601 , 判断起重机是否处于主臂主钩工况, 即根据第一检测装置 110产生的第一状态信号确定起重机是否处于主臂主钩工况; 如果为是, 则输出判断结果, 返回下一判断循环过程; 如果为否, 则进入下一步骤。
步骤 S602, 判断起重机是否处于副钩工况, 即根据第一判断单元 210 输出的指示信号和第二状态信号进行判断; 如果为否, 则可以确定, 起重 机处于未起吊工况, 进入下一判断循环过程步骤 S601 ; 则输出判断结果; 如果为是, 则进入下一步骤。
步骤 S603 , 判断起重机是否处于副臂工况, 根据第二判断单元 220和 第三状态信号确定起重机是否处于副臂工况; 如果为否, 则可以确定起重 机处于主臂副钩工况, 如果为是, 则可以确定起重机处于副臂副钩工况, 并分别输出判断结果; 然后进入下一判断循环过程步骤 S601。
才艮据上述描述, 可以确定, 在实施例二中, 也可以采用上述方式确定 起重机的工况, 而且, 由于实施例二提供的起重机工况识别系统只需要确 定主臂主钩工况、 主臂副钩工况和未起吊工况, 因此, 在采用上述方式进 行判断时, 通过两个步骤就可以确定起重机工况的目的; 相应地, 起重机 识别系统的控制器 200包括两个判断单元就可以实现上述目的。 可以理解, 控制器 200不限于采用上述方式进行判断, 本领域技术人 员根据上述描述, 还可以采用多种方式根据相应检测装置的产生的状态信 号确定起重机工况, 以下对另一种方式进行描述。
在控制器 200中预置第一参数、第二参数和第三参数,并使第一参数、 第二参数和第三参数分别与第一状态信号、 第二状态信号和第三状态信号 相对应; 在进行识别时, 控制器 200可以根据第一状态信号、 第三状态信 号和第三状态信号给第一参数、 第二参数和第三参数赋予不同的值, 再获 取第一参数、 第二参数和第三参数第之和, 根据三个参数之和, 可以确定 起重机工况。 以下说明一个具体赋值的技术方案; 在主卷扬制动子系统未 卷扬时, 可使第一参数为 0, 在主卷扬制动子系统卷扬时, 可使第一参数 为 1 ; 在副卷扬制动子系统未卷扬时, 可使第二参数为 0, 在副卷扬制动子 系统卷扬时, 可使第二参数为 2; 在未处于副臂工况下, 使第三参数为 0; 在处于副臂工况下, 可使第三参数为 3。 这样, 在三个参数之和为 0时, 可以确定起重机处于未起吊工况; 三个参数之和为 1时, 起重机就处于主 臂主钩工况; 三个参数之和为 2时, 起重机就处于主臂副钩工况; 三个参 数之和为 5时, 起重机就处于副臂副钩工况。 同样, 通过设定数值确定起 重机工况也可以在实施例二的技术方案中应用; 在实施例二中的起重机工 况识别系统中应用时, 预置两个参数就可以实现确定起重机工况的目的。 另外, 本领域技术人员根据上述描述, 还可以选择其他值, 同样可以实现 确定和识别起重机工况的目的。
在提供上述起重机工况识别系统的基础上, 还提供了一种起重机控制 系统。 请参考图 7、 该图是本发明提供的一种起重机控制系统的结构框图; 该系统不仅包括上述起重机工况识别系统, 还包括用于获得起重机实际吊 重的吊重检测装置 400和用于判断起重作业是否安全的安全检测装置 500。
吊重检测装置 400可以是现有技术公开的技术方案, 以获得起重机的 实际吊重; 如: 中国专利文献 CN101214903和 CN2920952就分别公开一 种测量起重机吊重的技术方案, 即应用适当的优越感器分别通过测量支承 腿的受力确定支撑腿的支撑力, 然后减去起重机本身的重量, 就可以得到 实际吊重。 安全检测装置 500包括设定单元 510、 对比单元 520和处理单元 530。 根据背景技术中的描述, 起重机在不同工况下, 其最大起吊重量存在 相应的差别, 其能够起吊的重量限值也存在的相应的差别, 如果能够根据 工况的不同, 确定相对应的起吊上限值, 不仅能够充分发挥起重机的起吊 能力, 还能够保证起吊作业的安全。
设定单元 510用于根据控制器 200确定的起重机工况, 确定与该工况 相对应的工况额定吊重, 以为该工况下判断安全起吊值提供判断基础, 或 提供判断吊重限值的基准。 具体方式可以是在设定单元 510中预置相应的 数据, 并使数据与起重机的工况相对应, 这样, 设定单元 510就能够根据 确定的起重机工况选择预定的数据作为工况额定吊重。
对比单元 520 用于将吊重检测装置 400 获得的实际吊重与设定单元 510确定的工况额定吊重相对比, 以确定起吊的重量是否处于安全的范围 内, 起吊作业是否安全, 并能够将对比的结果发送给处理单元 530。
处理单元 530用于根据对比单元 520的对比结果进行预定处理, 处理 的方式可以根据实际情况进行确定, 或者产生适当信号, 比如, 在安全时, 产生相应的信号, 在不安全时产生另一种信号, 在危险时产生相应的报警 信号; 或者在危险时, 通过起重机的总控制系统强制停止起吊作业, 或者 通过其他方式输出安全检测结果, 等等。
由于本发明提供的起重机控制系统不仅能够自动识别起重机的工况, 还能够根据起重机实际吊重, 判断起重机的安全性, 在起重机处于不安全 或危险状态时, 进行预定的处理, 从而能够少起重机超载现象, 进而减少 安全事故的发生。
基于上述起重机工况识别系统和起重机控制系统, 本发明还提供了一 种包括上述起重机工况识别系统的起重机, 或者包括上述起重机控制系统 的起重机, 由于起重机工况识别系统具有的技术效果, 上述起重机控制系 统也具有相应的技术效果, 提供的起重机也具有相对应的技术效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的 普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进 和润饰, 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种起重机工况识别系统, 所述起重机包括主钩(20 )、 副钩(30 ) 和卷扬制动系统, 所述卷扬制动系统包括主卷扬制动子系统和副卷扬制动 子系统, 所述主卷扬制动子系统通过吊绳与主钩 (20 )相连, 所述副卷扬 制动子系统通过吊绳与副钩 (30 )相连, 其特征在于, 该起重机工况识别 系统包括第一检测装置 (110 )、 控制器 (200 )和输出装置(300 );
所述第一检测装置( 110 )用于检测卷扬制动系统的工作状态, 并产生 表征主卷扬制动子系统工作状态的第一状态信号;
所述控制器(200 )用于根据所述第一状态信号确定起重机的工况; 所述输出装置(300 )根据所述控制器(200 )确定的起重机工况输出 预定信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述第一检测装置(110 )用于检测主卷扬制动子系统的工作状态; 还包括与控制器( 200 )相连的第二检测装置( 120 ), 所述第二检测装 置( 120 )用于检测副卷扬制动子系统的工作状态, 并产生表征副卷扬制动 子系统工作状态的第二状态信号;
所述控制器( 200 )根据所述第一状态信号和所述第二状态信号确定起 重机的工况。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述第 一检测装置( 110 )和第二检测装置( 120 )分别为第一压力开关和第二压 力开关; 所述第一压力开关和第二压力开关分别安装在所述主卷扬制动子 系统的液压驱动油路和所述副卷扬制动子系统的液压驱动油路上, 并分别 根据液压油的压力值输出所述第一状态信号和所述第二状态信号。
4、根据权利要求 2所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述第 一检测装置( 110 )和第二检测装置( 120 )分别与所述主卷扬制动子系统 的启动电路和所述副卷扬制动子系统的启动电路相连, 并分别根据启动电 路的电信号输出所述第一状态信号和所述第二状态信号。
5、根据权利要求 2、 3或 4所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述起重机的起重臂包括主臂( 10 )和副臂(40 ); 在副臂工况下, 所述副 臂(40) 内端部与主臂(10)臂头部固定;
该起重机工况识别系统还包括与控制器 (200)相连的第三检测装置 ( 130 ), 所述第三检测装置( 130 )用于检测起重机是否处于副臂工况, 并 产生表征起重机是否处于副臂工况的第三状态信号;
所述控制器( 200 )根据所述第一状态信号、 第二状态信号和第三状态 信号确定起重机的工况。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述第 三检测装置(130)包括配合使用的接近开关和感应块; 所述接近开关和感 应块分别安装在主臂(10)臂头部和副臂(40) 内端部, 或分别安装在副 臂(40) 内端部和主臂(10)臂头部, 所述接近开关产生表征主卷扬制动 子系统工作状态的第一状态信号。
7、根据权利要求 5所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述第 三检测装置( 130) 包括安装在主臂( 10)臂头或副臂(40) 内端部的行程 开关, 所述副臂(40) 内端部与主臂(10)臂头部固定和分离时, 所述行 程开关分别处于不同的状态。
8、根据权利要求 5、 6或 7所述的起重机工况识别系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制器 (200) 包括第一判断单元(210)、 第二判断单元(220)和第 三判断单元(230);
所述第一判断单元( 210 )用于根据第一状态信号判断起重机是否处于 主臂主钩工况, 如果为是, 则向输出装置(300)输出表征主臂主钩工况的 信号; 如果为否, 则向第二判断单元(220)输出指示信号;
所述第二判断单元(220)用于根据第一判断单元(210)输出的指示 信号和第二状态信号判断起重机是否处于副钩工况; 如果为否, 则向输出 装置( 300 )输出表征未起吊工况的信号;如果为是,则向第三判断单元( 230 ) 输出指示信号;
所述第三判断单元(230)用于根据第二判断单元(220) 的指示信号 和第三状态信号判断起重机是否处于副臂副钩工况, 如果为是, 则向输出 装置(300)输出表征副臂副钩工况的信号,如果为否,则向输出装置(300) 输出表征主臂副钩工况的信号。
9、一种起重机控制系统, 包括用于获得起重机实际吊重的吊重检测装 置(400), 其特征在于, 还包括安全检测装置(500)和权利要求 1-8任一 项所述的起重机工况识别系统;
所述安全检测装置(500) 包括设定单元(510)、 对比单元(520)和 处理单元(530), 所述设定单元(510)用于根据控制器 (200)确定的起 重机工况确定工况额定吊重; 所述对比单元(520)用于将所述吊重检测装 置获得的实际吊重与所述设定单元(510)确定的工况额定吊重相对比; 所 述处理单元(530)用于根据所述对比单元(520) 的对比结果进行预定处 理。
10、 一种起重机, 其特征在于, 包括权利要求 1-8任一项所述的起重 机工况识别系统, 或包括权利要求 9所述的起重机控制系统。
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