WO2011062268A1 - 浄水装置及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
浄水装置及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011062268A1 WO2011062268A1 PCT/JP2010/070720 JP2010070720W WO2011062268A1 WO 2011062268 A1 WO2011062268 A1 WO 2011062268A1 JP 2010070720 W JP2010070720 W JP 2010070720W WO 2011062268 A1 WO2011062268 A1 WO 2011062268A1
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- water
- raw water
- supply
- valve
- membrane module
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/04—Backflushing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water purifier provided with a membrane module and an operation method thereof.
- the water purifier provided with the membrane module is likely to be clogged due to the solid matter such as pollutants in the raw water adhering to the surface of the filtration membrane, and the filtration performance is likely to deteriorate with use.
- the recovery of the filtration performance can be solved by making the filtration membrane disposable and replacing it as necessary.
- the replacement takes time.
- disposable is not always preferable in terms of environmental problems and resource saving.
- Patent Literature 1 includes two filtration units (membrane modules) provided in parallel and a switchable three-way valve that supplies raw water to one of the filtration units, and the filtered water (permeated water) is supplied.
- a filtration device that supplies water-absorbed buildings is disclosed. According to the said filtration apparatus, raw water is first supplied to one filtration unit A, it filters, and the obtained permeated water is supplied to a water supply building.
- the filtration filter A provided in the filtration unit A is clogged with dirt or the like, the supply of the raw water to the filtration unit A is stopped and the three-way valve is switched so that the raw water is supplied to the other filtration unit B.
- filtration is performed in the filtration unit B, and most of the obtained permeated water is supplied to the water-supplied building, and a part of the permeated water is sent to the filtration unit A, and the permeated water is caused to flow back to the filter A. Wash (backwash). And when the filter B of the filtration unit B is clogged, this time, the supply of raw water is switched from the filtration unit B to the filtration unit A by the three-way valve. Next, filtration is performed by the filtration unit A, and most of the obtained permeated water is supplied to the water supply building, and a part of the permeated water is sent to the filtration unit B to backwash the filter B.
- the clogged filtration filter can be reused, and the use can be continued without replacing the filter over a long period of time.
- the filtration device described in Patent Document 1 performs filtration alternately by two filtration units, the filtration capacity is low, and the amount of permeated water that can be supplied is small.
- the other filtration unit is backwashed using a part of the obtained permeate, the amount of permeate that can be supplied is easily reduced.
- a filtration unit having a large filtration filter or a plurality of filtration filters may be installed, but it is difficult to make the filter compact.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a water purifier and a method for operating the water purifier that are compact and have a high filtration capacity and can stably supply a certain amount of permeate.
- the water purifier of the present invention includes a raw water supply line, a plurality of membrane modules provided in parallel for filtering the raw water, and a plurality of supply channels branched from the raw water supply line and connected to the raw water inlet of each membrane module And an on-off valve provided in each of the supply channels, a backwash water discharge line connected to the on-off valve, a permeate transfer line, and a permeate of each membrane module branched from the permeate transfer line. And a plurality of transfer channels connected to the outlet.
- the operation method of the water purification apparatus of the present invention operates a water purification apparatus including a plurality of membrane modules provided in parallel for filtering raw water and a plurality of on-off valves for switching supply and stop of the raw water to the membrane modules.
- the on-off valve is switched so as to supply raw water to all of the membrane modules, and the raw water is supplied to some of the membrane modules (A) of the membrane modules, the filtration step of filtering the raw water, and the remaining
- the on-off valve is switched to stop the supply of raw water to the membrane module (B), all the permeated water that has passed through the membrane module (A) is sent to the membrane module (B), and the membrane module (B) is backwashed
- the on-off valve is switched so as to stop the supply of raw water to all of the membrane modules, and air is taken into the membrane modules to supply raw water. It is preferable to perform a raw water discharging step of discharging and a raw water filling step of switching the on-off valve so as to supply raw water to all of the membrane modules and supplying and filling raw water to all of the membrane modules.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a water purifier and a method for operating the water purifier that are compact, have a high filtration capacity, and can stably supply a certain amount of permeated water.
- Drawing 1 is a schematic structure figure showing an example of a water purifier used for the present invention.
- This water purifier 1 includes two membrane modules 10 and 10 provided in parallel for filtering raw water supplied from a tap water, a raw water supply line 20 for supplying raw water to the membrane modules 10 and 10, and a membrane module.
- On-off valves 40, 40 for switching the supply and stop of the raw water to the membrane modules 10, 10 provided in the middle of the raw water supply line 20 and the permeated water transfer line 30 for transferring the permeated water that has passed through 10, 10; Via the backwash water discharge line 50 for discharging the backwash water used for backwashing the membrane modules 10, 10, the air supply / exhaust line 60 for supplying and exhausting air to the membrane modules 10, 10, and the membrane modules 10, 10 And a bypass line 70 that can transfer the raw water to the permeate transfer line 30 without being configured.
- the membrane module 10 includes a filtration membrane 11.
- a filtration membrane usually used in a water purifier such as a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a nanofiltration membrane can be used. Of these, a microfiltration membrane is preferred.
- the shape of the filtration membrane 11 include a hollow fiber membrane, a flat membrane, a tubular membrane, and a spiral membrane. These are suitable as filtration membranes because they can easily block the passage of solids and fungi of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- hollow fiber membranes are preferred, for example, cellulose-based, polyolefin-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, PMMA (polymethacrylic acid) It is preferable to use hollow fiber membranes made of various materials such as methyl) and polysulfone. In particular, it is preferable to use a hollow fiber membrane made of a material having high elongation such as polyethylene. Further, when a hollow fiber membrane is used as the filtration membrane 11, its pore diameter (filtration accuracy), filtration area, film thickness, outer diameter, etc. are not particularly limited. For example, the pore diameter is 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m, filtration The area is 0.2 to 10 m 2 , the film thickness is 5 to 300 ⁇ m, the outer diameter is 20 to 2000 ⁇ m, and the porosity is 20 to 90%.
- the raw water supply line 20 is branched at a branch point 21 into a first supply channel 21A and a second supply channel 21B.
- the first supply channel 21A and the second supply channel 21B are connected to the raw water inlets 12 and 12 of the membrane modules 10 and 10 via the on-off valves 40 and 40, respectively.
- the raw water supply line 20 includes a valve 22 that adjusts the water pressure of the raw water upstream of the branch point 21.
- the on-off valve, the membrane module, and the raw water inlet to which the first supply channel 21A is connected are referred to as the first on-off valve 40A, the first membrane module 10A, and the raw water inlet 12A, respectively.
- the on-off valve, the membrane module, and the raw water inlet to which the second supply channel 21B is connected are referred to as a second on-off valve 40B, the second membrane module 10B, and the raw water inlet 12B, respectively.
- the upstream channel 211A is from the branch point 21 to the first on-off valve 40A
- the downstream channel 212A is from the first on-off valve 40A to the raw water inlet 12A.
- the section from the branch point 21 to the second on-off valve 40B is the upstream flow path 211B
- the section from the second on-off valve 40B to the raw water inlet 12B is the downstream flow path 212B.
- the valve 22 is not particularly limited as long as the water pressure of the raw water can be adjusted, and a valve normally used in a water purifier such as a pressure reducing valve can be used.
- the on-off valve 40 may be two two-way valves, but a three-way valve is preferable.
- the on-off valve 40 is controlled to open and close based on a control command from a control unit (not shown), and switches between supply and stop of raw water to the membrane module 10.
- the on-off valve 40 can be manually opened and closed to switch between supply and stop of raw water.
- the permeated water transfer line 30 is branched at a branch point 31 into a first transfer channel 31A and a second transfer channel 31B.
- the first transfer channel 31A and the second transfer channel 31B are connected to the permeate outlets 13 and 13 of the first membrane module 10A and the second membrane module 10B, respectively.
- the backwash water discharge line 50 branches at a branch point 51 into a first discharge channel 51A and a second discharge channel 51B.
- the first discharge channel 51A is connected to the downstream channel 212A via the first on-off valve 40A.
- the second discharge channel 51B is connected to the downstream channel 212B via the second on-off valve 40B.
- the air supply / exhaust line 60 branches off at a branch point 61 into a first supply / exhaust flow path 61A and a second supply / exhaust flow path 61B.
- the first air supply / exhaust flow path 61A and the second air supply / exhaust flow path 61B are connected to the air supply / exhaust ports 14 and 14 of the first membrane module 10A and the second membrane module 10B, respectively.
- the air supply / exhaust ports 14 and 14 are preferably provided in the vicinity of the permeate outlets 13 and 13.
- the air supply / exhaust line 60 includes a valve 62 that controls supply / exhaust of air upstream from the branch point 61.
- the valve 62 is not particularly limited as long as air supply / exhaust can be controlled, and a valve normally used in a water purifier such as an electromagnetic valve or an air vent can be used.
- the valve 71 is not particularly limited as long as the flow direction of the raw water can be controlled, and a valve normally used in a water purifier such as a water stop valve can be used.
- the water purifier used for this invention is not limited to what is shown in FIG. 1, For example, the number of membranes according to the required amount of water You may use the water purifier with which the module was provided in parallel.
- the operation method of the water purifier of the present invention will be described according to the operation using the water purifier 1 shown in FIG.
- the filtration step, the first backwashing step, and the second backwashing step are repeatedly performed.
- the valve 22 is opened and the valve 62 is closed. Further, the valve 71 selects the raw water supply line 20, and the first on-off valve 40A selects the first supply channel 21A (that is, the upstream channel 211A and the downstream channel 212A communicate with each other). In addition, the second on-off valve 40B is opened so as to select the second supply channel 21B (that is, the upstream channel 211B and the downstream channel 212B communicate with each other).
- raw water is supplied from the raw water supply line 20 to the first membrane module 10A and the second membrane module 10B via the first supply channel 21A and the second supply channel 21B. And filter the raw water.
- the water pressure in the raw water supply line 20 is adjusted by the valve 22.
- the water pressure is preferably about 0.1 to 0.3 MPa.
- the raw water flows from the raw water inlet 12 of each membrane module, permeates through the filtration membrane 11 of the membrane module, becomes permeate, and is discharged from the permeate outlet 13.
- the permeated water discharged from the first membrane module 10A passes through the first transfer channel 31A, while the permeated water discharged from the second membrane module 10B passes through the second transfer channel 31B and reaches the branch point.
- the water is fed from the permeate transfer line 30 to a pipe (not shown) connected to each water tap.
- natural water and permeated water is shown by the arrow.
- each membrane module is back-washed as follows.
- the flow of raw water or the like during backwashing is shown by arrows in FIGS.
- the valve 22 is opened and the valve 62 is closed. Further, the valve 71 selects the raw water supply line 20, and the first on-off valve 40A selects the first supply channel 21A (that is, the upstream channel 211A and the downstream channel 212A communicate with each other). ) Each open. Then, the second on-off valve 40B switches so as to select the downstream flow path 212B and the second discharge flow path 51B (that is, the downstream flow path 212B and the second discharge flow path 51B communicate with each other).
- the second on-off valve 40B is switched as described above, and the raw water is supplied from the raw water supply line 20 through the first supply passage 21A as shown in FIG. Supply only to 10A, and stop supply of raw water to the second membrane module 10B.
- the water pressure in the raw water supply line 20 is adjusted by the valve 22.
- the water pressure is preferably about 0.1 to 0.3 MPa.
- the raw water flows from the raw water inlet 12A of the first membrane module 10A, passes through the filtration membrane 11 (11A) of the first membrane module 10A, becomes permeated water, and is discharged from the permeated water outlet 13 (13A). . All of the discharged permeated water is sent to the second membrane module 10B via the first transfer channel 31A and the second transfer channel 31B.
- a valve (not shown) is installed in the permeated water transfer line 30 and the valve is closed.
- the permeated water sent to the second membrane module 10B flows in from the permeated water outlet 13B of the second membrane module 10B and passes through the second membrane module 10B. At this time, dirt or the like accumulated in the filtration membrane 11 (11B) of the second membrane module 10B is washed away by the permeated water, and the second membrane module 10B is backwashed.
- the permeated water containing dirt becomes backwash water and is discharged from the raw water inlet 12B.
- the backwash water passes through the downstream flow path 212B and the second discharge flow path 51B, and is discharged from the backwash water discharge line 50 to the outside of the system.
- the backwashing time in the first backwashing step is preferably 30 to 90 seconds. If the backwash time is 30 seconds or longer, the second membrane module 10B can be sufficiently backwashed. On the other hand, if the backwash time is 90 seconds or less, the supply stop time to the water supply building can be shortened, and the amount of water used for washing can be reduced.
- the backwash time can be set by a rotary switch (not shown).
- the second backwashing step is subsequently performed.
- the valve 22 is opened and the valve 62 is closed. Further, the valve 71 is opened to select the raw water supply line 20.
- the first on-off valve 40A selects the downstream flow path 212A and the first discharge flow path 51A (that is, the downstream flow path 212A and the first discharge flow path 51A communicate with each other).
- the on / off valve 40B is switched so as to select the second supply flow path 21B (that is, the upstream flow path 211B and the downstream flow path 212B communicate with each other).
- the first on-off valve 40A and the second on-off valve 40B are switched as described above, and the raw water is supplied from the raw water supply line 20 to the second supply passage 21B as shown in FIG. Then, only the second membrane module 10B is supplied, and the supply of raw water to the first membrane module 10A is stopped. At this time, the water pressure in the raw water supply line 20 is adjusted by the valve 22.
- the water pressure is preferably about 0.1 to 0.3 MPa.
- the raw water flows in from the raw water inlet 12B of the second membrane module 10B, passes through the filtration membrane 11B of the second membrane module 10B, becomes permeated water, and is discharged from the permeated water outlet 13 (13B). All of the discharged permeated water is sent to the first membrane module 10A via the second transfer channel 31B and the first transfer channel 31A. In order to send all of the permeated water to the first membrane module 10A, it may be performed in the same manner as in the first back washing step.
- the permeate sent to the first membrane module 10A flows from the permeate outlet 13A of the first membrane module 10A and passes through the first membrane module 10A. At this time, dirt accumulated in the filtration membrane 11A of the first membrane module 10A is washed away by the permeated water, and the first membrane module 10A is backwashed.
- the permeated water containing dirt becomes backwash water and is discharged from the raw water inlet 12A.
- the backwash water passes through the downstream flow path 212A and the first discharge flow path 51A and is discharged from the backwash water discharge line 50 to the outside of the system.
- the backwashing time in the second backwashing step is preferably 30 to 90 seconds. If the backwash time is 30 seconds or more, the first membrane module 10A can be sufficiently backwashed. On the other hand, if the backwash time is 90 seconds or less, the supply stop time to the water supply building can be shortened, and the amount of water used for washing can be reduced.
- the backwash time can be set by a rotary switch (not shown).
- the process may be directly transferred to the filtration process.
- the first backwashing process and the second backwashing process are performed. It is preferable to repeat. The number of repetitions is preferably 2 to 10 sets, with the first backwashing step and the second backwashing step as one set.
- the first backwashing step and the second backwashing step may be performed in the reverse order.
- the operating method of the water purifier of this invention performs the raw
- FIG. 4 shows the flow of raw water and the like during the raw water discharging step by arrows
- FIG. 5 shows the flow of raw water and the like during the raw water filling step by arrows.
- the valve 62 is opened.
- the valve 22 may be open or closed.
- the valve 71 may be opened so as to select the raw water supply line 20 or may be opened so as to select the bypass line 70.
- the first on-off valve 40A selects only the downstream flow path 212A and the first discharge flow path 51A (that is, the downstream flow path 212A and the first discharge flow path 51A communicate with each other).
- the second on-off valve 40B is switched so that only the downstream flow path 212B and the second discharge flow path 51B are selected (that is, the downstream flow path 212B and the second discharge flow path 51B communicate with each other).
- the first on-off valve 40A and the second on-off valve 40B are switched as described above, and the supply of raw water to each membrane module is stopped as shown in FIG. Then, air is taken in from the air supply / exhaust line 60, and air is taken into the first membrane module 10A and the second membrane module 10B via the first supply / exhaust channel 61A and the second supply / exhaust channel 61B.
- the raw water staying in the membrane module is discharged from the raw water inlet 12.
- the raw water discharged from the first membrane module 10A passes through the downstream flow channel 212A and the first discharge flow channel 51A, while the raw water discharged from the second membrane module 10B flows into the downstream flow channel 212B and the second discharge channel. It passes through the flow path 51B, merges at the branch point 51, and is discharged out of the system from the backwash water discharge line 50.
- the discharge time in the raw water draining process is preferably 15 to 60 seconds. If the drainage time is within the above range, the raw water can be sufficiently discharged from each membrane module.
- the drainage time can be set by a rotary switch (not shown).
- the raw water filling process is subsequently performed.
- the valves 22 and 62 are opened.
- the valve 71 is opened to select the raw water supply line 20.
- the first on-off valve 40A selects the first supply passage 21A (that is, the upstream passage 211A and the downstream passage 212A communicate), and the second on-off valve 40B Switching is performed so that the supply flow path 21B is selected (that is, the upstream flow path 211B and the downstream flow path 212B communicate with each other).
- the first on-off valve 40A and the second on-off valve 40B are switched, and as shown in FIG.
- Raw water is supplied (filled) to the first membrane module 10A and the second membrane module 10B via the supply flow path 21B.
- the water pressure in the raw water supply line 20 is adjusted by the valve 22.
- the water pressure is preferably about 0.1 to 0.3 MPa.
- Raw water flows in from the raw water inlet 12 of each membrane module, fills each module with the raw water, and simultaneously discharges air in each module from the air supply / exhaust port 14.
- Air exhausted from the first membrane module 10A passes through the first air supply / exhaust flow path 61A, while air exhausted from the second membrane module 10B passes through the second air supply / exhaust flow path 61B to branch off.
- they are discharged from the air supply / exhaust line 60 to the outside of the system, and each module can be filled with raw water.
- a valve (not shown) in the permeate transfer line 30 and closing the valve, the raw water passes through the filtration membrane 11 of each membrane module, and the permeate is discharged from the permeate outlet 13. Can be suppressed.
- the discharge time in the raw water filling step is preferably 5 to 20 seconds. If the filling time is within the above range, each membrane module can be sufficiently filled with raw water.
- the filling time can be set by a rotary switch (not shown).
- a first backwash process and a second backwash process are performed. That is, it is preferable to repeat in order of the filtration step, the raw water discharging step, the raw water filling step, the first backwashing step, the raw water discharging step, the raw water filling step, and the second backwashing step.
- a raw water discharge process and a raw water is preferably performed before each backwashing step.
- the means for controlling switching from filtration to backwashing is not particularly limited, and may be switched manually, or an automatic control means is provided in the water purification apparatus, and automatic control is performed. You may switch.
- the automatic control for example, the first backwashing process and the second backwashing process can be performed when the water purifier is activated or at midnight.
- the valve 71 switches to the bypass line 70,
- the raw water can be transferred to the permeate transfer line without going through the membrane module, and can be supplied to the pipe connected to each water tap.
- it is set to switch from the raw water supply line 20 to the bypass line 70 at the time of a power failure or the like, normal water supply can be performed by automatic control.
- a membrane module employing a so-called out-in system in which raw water permeates from the outside to the inside of the filtration membrane 11 and is filtered is used.
- a membrane module employing a so-called in-out system in which raw water permeates from the inside to the outside of the filtration membrane and is filtered may be used.
- the filtration is performed in all the membrane modules, so that the filtration capacity is high. Therefore, since a sufficient amount of permeated water can be supplied (water supply), the water purifier can be made compact. Furthermore, when the membrane module is backwashed, all of the permeated water obtained by the membrane module that is not backwashed is used for backwashing, that is, the permeated water supply by filtration and backwashing are not performed at the same time. An amount of permeated water can be stably supplied.
- the water purifier of the present invention and the operation method thereof are useful when treating tap water having high turbidity, that is, tap water having a clogging degree in the range of 20 to 70, which is an index representing turbidity of tap water. It is. Among them, particularly remarkable effects are shown when processing tap water having higher turbidity, that is, tap water having a clogging degree in the range of 40 to 70.
- the degree of clogging is obtained by the following method.
- Clogging degree 100- (filtration flow rate after 10 minutes / initial filtration flow rate) ⁇ 100 (Filtration conditions) Pressurized pressure: 100 KPa Membrane area: 5.0 m 2 Flow rate: 5 mL / min
- the present invention is particularly remarkable when treating tap water in which the content of organic components in the clogging material filtered on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane is in the range of 60% to 90%. Show the effect.
- content of the said organic component is the value analyzed by 700 degreeC and the ashing method for 2 hours.
- Example 1 The tap water was filtered using the water purifier shown in FIG.
- a hollow fiber membrane (“MPOE050” manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., filtration area: 5.0 m 2 , filtration accuracy as a filtration membrane) : 0.1 ⁇ m, film thickness: 55 ⁇ m, outer diameter: 380 ⁇ m).
- a pressure reducing valve (size: 20A) was used, and the maximum value of the working pressure was set to 0.8 MPa, and the secondary pressure was set to 0.15 MPa.
- an electric three-way valve (size: 20A, operating voltage: DC 24V) was used.
- an electromagnetic valve (size: 8A, operating voltage: DC24V) was used.
- a water stop valve (size: 20A) was used.
- Each valve was switched by automatic control, and the conditions of each process were set as shown below.
- the supply amount of the raw water (tap water) was set to 18 L / min, and the valve 22 was adjusted so that the water pressure of the raw water in the raw water supply line 20 was 0.15 MPa.
- the backwashing time of the first backwashing process and the second backwashing process was set to 45 seconds, the discharging time of the raw water discharging process was set to 30 seconds, and the filling time of the raw water filling process was set to 10 seconds.
- the raw water discharging step, the raw water filling step, the first back washing step, the raw water discharging step, the raw water filling step, and the second back washing step are repeated twice in this order, and then the filtration step It was moved to.
- the cleaning time set by the timer by automatic control was reached, switching from filtration to backwashing was performed (that is, opening and closing of each valve was switched by automatic control).
- Example 2 A water purification apparatus similar to that in Example 1 was installed, and the operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw water discharging process and the raw water filling process were not performed. The tap water was filtered. As a result, a sufficient and constant amount of permeated water could be stably supplied (water supply). In addition, as a result of measuring the flow rate retention at the beginning and the end of the operation, it was 33%.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a water purifier and a method for operating the water purifier that are compact, have a high filtration capacity, and can stably supply a certain amount of permeated water.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年11月20日に、日本に出願された特願2009-265363号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
濾過性能の回復には濾過膜を使い捨てとし、必要に応じて交換すれば解決できるが、交換に手間がかかるという問題があった。また、環境問題や省資源の面で使い捨ては必ずしも好ましいものではない。
ついで、濾過ユニットAにて濾過を行い、得られた透過水の大部分を被給水建築物に供給すると共に、透過水の一部を濾過ユニットBに送り濾過フィルタBを逆洗する。
このように、特許文献1に記載の濾過装置によれば、目詰まりした濾過フィルタを再使用でき、長期間に亘ってフィルタを交換することなく使用を継続できる。
また、逆洗の進み具合によって逆洗に用いられる透過水の量が変わるため、濾過と逆洗を同時に行うと供給できる透過水の量も変わりやすく、一定量の透過水を安定して供給することは必ずしも容易ではなかった。
[浄水装置]
図1は、本発明に用いる浄水装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。この浄水装置1は、水道などから供給される原水を濾過する、並列に設けられた2つの膜モジュール10、10と、前記膜モジュール10、10に原水を供給する原水供給ライン20と、膜モジュール10、10を透過した透過水を移送する透過水移送ライン30と、原水供給ライン20の途中に設けられた、膜モジュール10、10への原水の供給および停止を切り替える開閉弁40、40と、膜モジュール10、10の逆洗に用いた逆洗水を排出する逆洗水排出ライン50と、膜モジュール10、10に空気を給排気する空気給排気ライン60と、膜モジュール10、10を経由せずに原水を透過水移送ライン30へ移送できるバイパスライン70とを具備して概略構成されている。
濾過膜11としては、精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜、ナノ濾過膜など、浄水装置で通常使用される濾過膜を使用できる。中でも精密濾過膜が好ましい。
濾過膜11の形状としては、中空糸膜、平膜、チューブラー膜、スパイラル膜などが挙げられる。これらは0.1μm以上の固形物および菌類の通過を容易に阻止できるので濾過膜として好適であるが、中でも中空糸膜が好ましく、例えばセルロース系、ポリオレフィン系、ポリビニルアルコール系、PMMA(ポリメタクリル酸メチル)系、ポリスルフォン系など、各種材科からなる中空糸膜を使用するのが好ましい。特に、ポリエチレン等の強伸度の高い材質からなる中空糸膜を使用することが好ましい。
また、濾過膜11として中空糸膜を用いる場合、その孔径(濾過精度)、濾過面積、膜厚、外径等は特に限定されるものではないが、例えばその孔径は0.01~2μm、濾過面積は0.2~10m2、膜厚は5~300μm、外径は20~2000μm、空孔率は20~90%とされる。
一方、第二の供給流路21Bが接続する開閉弁、および膜モジュールとその原水入口をそれぞれ第二の開閉弁40B、および第二の膜モジュール10Bとその原水入口12Bとする。
また、第一の供給流路21Aのうち、分岐点21から第一の開閉弁40Aまでを上流流路211Aとし、第一の開閉弁40Aから原水入口12Aまでを下流流路212Aとする。
一方、第二の供給流路21Bのうち、分岐点21から第二の開閉弁40Bまでを上流流路211Bとし、第二の開閉弁40Bから原水入口12Bまでを下流流路212Bとする。
開閉弁40としては、2方弁2個でもよいが、三方弁が好ましい。開閉弁40は制御部(図示略)からの制御指令に基づいて開閉が制御され、膜モジュール10への原水の供給および停止を切り替える。なお、開閉弁40は手動で開閉して、原水の供給および停止を切り替えることもできる。
弁62としては、空気の給排気を制御できるものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、電磁弁、エアーベントなど、浄水装置で通常使用される弁を使用できる。
弁71としては、原水の流れ方向を制御できるものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、止水弁など、浄水装置で通常使用される弁を使用できる。
以下、本発明の浄水装置の運転方法を、図1に示す浄水装置1を用いて操作に従って説明する。
本発明の洗浄装置の運転方法では、濾過工程と第一の逆洗工程と第二の逆洗工程とを繰り返し行う。
なお、図1において、原水および透過水の流れを矢印で示す。
ここで、図2、3に逆洗時の原水等の流れを矢印で示す。
透過水の全てを第二の膜モジュール10Bに送るには、例えば透過水移送ライン30に弁(図示略)を設置し、前記弁を閉じることで実施できる。
汚れを含んだ透過水は、逆洗水となって原水入口12Bから排出される。逆洗水は下流流路212Bおよび第二の排出流路51Bを通り、逆洗水排出ライン50から系外に排出される。
逆洗時間はロータリースイッチ(図示略)等により設定できる。
第二の逆洗工程では、弁22を開、弁62を閉とする。また、弁71は原水供給ライン20を選択するように開かれている。そして、第一の開閉弁40Aは下流流路212Aと第一の排出流路51Aを選択するように(すなわち、下流流路212Aと第一の排出流路51Aが連通するように)、第二の開閉弁40Bは第二の供給流路21Bを選択するように(すなわち、上流流路211Bと下流流路212Bが連通するように)、それぞれ切り替える。
透過水の全てを第一の膜モジュール10Aに送るには、第一の逆洗工程と同様にすればよい。
汚れを含んだ透過水は、逆洗水となって原水入口12Aから排出される。逆洗水は、下流流路212Aおよび第一の排出流路51Aを通り、逆洗水排出ライン50から系外に排出される。
逆洗時間はロータリースイッチ(図示略)等により設定できる。
繰り返し回数は、第一の逆洗工程と第二の逆洗工程を1セットとし、2~10セット繰り返すのが好ましい。
なお、第一の逆洗工程と第二の逆洗工程は、順序を逆にして行ってもよい。
ここで、図4に原水排出工程時の原水等の流れを矢印で示し、図5に原水充填工程時の原水等の流れを矢印で示す。
そして、空気給排気ライン60から空気を取り入れ、第一の給排気流路61Aおよび第二の給排気流路61Bを経て、第一の膜モジュール10Aおよび第二の膜モジュール10Bに空気を取り込む。
各膜モジュール内に空気を取り込むことで、膜モジュール内に滞留している原水が原水入口12から排出される。第一の膜モジュール10Aから排出される原水は下流流路212Aおよび第一の排出流路51Aを通り、一方、第二の膜モジュール10Bから排出される原水は下流流路212Bおよび第二の排出流路51Bを通り、分岐点51にて合流し、逆洗水排出ライン50から系外に排出される。
排水時間はロータリースイッチ(図示略)等により設定できる。
原水充填工程では、弁22、弁62を開とする。また、弁71は原水供給ライン20を選択するように開かれている。そして、第一の開閉弁40Aは第一の供給流路21Aを選択するように(すなわち、上流流路211Aと下流流路212Aが連通するように)、第二の開閉弁40Bは第二の供給流路21Bを選択するように(すなわち、上流流路211Bと下流流路212Bが連通するように)、それぞれ切り替える。
充填時間はロータリースイッチ(図示略)等により設定できる。
なお、上述したように第二の逆洗工程から濾過工程に移行する前に、第一の逆洗工程および第二の逆洗工程を繰り返す場合は、その繰り返し回数に応じて原水排出工程および原水充填工程を各逆洗工程の前に行うのが好ましい。
目詰まり度 : 100-(10分後の濾過流量/初期濾過流量)×100
(濾過条件)
加圧圧力 : 100KPa
膜面積 : 5.0m2
流量 : 5mL/分
本発明は、中空糸膜の表面で濾過された目詰まり物質中の有機成分の含有量が、60%から90%の範囲内にある水道水を処理するときに特に顕著な効果を示す。なお、前記有機成分の含有量は、700℃、2時間の灰化法で分析した値である。
[実施例1]
図1に示す浄水装置を用い、水道水の濾過を行った。
第一の膜モジュール10Aおよび第二の膜モジュール10Bとしては、濾過膜として精密濾過膜の一種である中空糸膜(三菱レイヨン株式会社製、「MPOE050」、濾過面積:5.0m2、濾過精度:0.1μm、膜厚:55μm、外径:380μm)を備える膜モジュールを用いた。
弁22としては、減圧弁(サイズ:20A)を用い、使用圧力の最大値を0.8MPa、二次圧力を0.15MPaに設定した。
第一の開閉弁40Aおよび第二の開閉弁40Bとしては、電動三方弁(サイズ:20A、作動電圧:DC24V)を用いた。
弁62としては、電磁弁(サイズ:8A、作動電圧:DC24V)を用いた。
弁71としては、止水弁(サイズ:20A)を用いた。
また、透過水移送ライン30およびバイパスライン70には、逆止弁(図示略)およびバイパス弁(図示略)をそれぞれ設置した。
原水(水道水)の供給量を18L/分に設定し、原水供給ライン20内の原水の水圧が0.15MPaになるように、弁22にて調節した。
第一の逆洗工程および第二の逆洗工程の逆洗時間をそれぞれ45秒に、原水排出工程の排出時間を30秒に、原水充填工程の充填時間を10秒に設定した。
その結果、十分かつ一定量の透過水を安定して供給(給水)できた。尚、原水(水道水)の目詰まり度を測定した結果、40から60の範囲内であった。
さらに、前記運転終了後、中空糸膜表面の目詰まり物質を採取し、700℃、2時間の灰化法にて有機成分の分析を実施した結果、目詰まり物質の60%が有機成分であった。
流量保持率 : (終了時流量/初期流量)×100
実施例1と同様の浄水装置を設置し、運転工程中の原水排出工程及び原水充填工程を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様に運転を実施し、水道水を濾過した。その結果、十分かつ一定量の透過水を安定して供給(給水)できた。尚、運転初期と終了時の流量保持率を測定した結果、33%であった。
Claims (3)
- 原水供給ラインと、
原水を濾過する並列に設けられた複数の膜モジュールと、
原水供給ラインから分岐して各膜モジュールの原水入口に接続される複数本の供給流路と、
前記各供給流路に設けられた開閉弁と、
前記開閉弁に接続される逆洗水排出ラインと、
透過水移送ラインと、
前記透過水移送ラインから分岐して各膜モジュールの透過水出口に接続される複数本の移送流路と、
を有する浄水装置。 - 原水を濾過する並列に設けられた複数の膜モジュールと、前記膜モジュールへの原水の供給および停止を切り替える複数の開閉弁とを備えた浄水装置を運転する方法であって、
前記膜モジュールの全てに原水を供給するように開閉弁を切り替え、原水を濾過する濾過工程と、
前記膜モジュールのうち、一部の膜モジュール(A)へ原水を供給し、残りの膜モジュール(B)への原水の供給を停止するように開閉弁を切り替え、膜モジュール(A)を透過した透過水の全てを膜モジュール(B)に送り、前記膜モジュール(B)を逆洗する第一の逆洗工程と、
膜モジュール(A)への原水の供給を停止し、膜モジュール(B)へ原水を供給するように開閉弁を切り替え、膜モジュール(B)を透過した透過水の全てを膜モジュール(A)に送り、前記膜モジュール(A)を逆洗する第二の逆洗工程と、
を繰り返す浄水装置の運転方法。 - 前記第一の逆洗工程および第二の逆洗工程の直前に、前記膜モジュールの全てへの原水の供給を停止するように開閉弁を切り替え、膜モジュール内に空気を取り込んで原水を排出する原水排出工程と、膜モジュールの全てに原水を供給するように開閉弁を切り替え、膜モジュールの全てに原水を供給し充填する原水充填工程とを行う請求項2に記載の浄水装置の運転方法。
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JP2013075291A (ja) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-04-25 | Metawater Co Ltd | 膜ろ過システムおよびその運転制御方法 |
CN103265095A (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-28 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | 用于水处理的自清洗膜处理装置 |
CN104436827A (zh) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-03-25 | 高桥金属制品(苏州)有限公司 | 一种清洗机的过滤器压力自动报警装置以及一种清洗机 |
WO2021045437A1 (en) | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Water purifier and filter for the same |
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CN103752080B (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-05-04 | 李�杰 | 一种陶瓷废水处理方法及装置 |
CN114588783B (zh) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-08-01 | 山东水利建设集团有限公司 | 一种泵房多级反冲洗系统 |
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JP2002028460A (ja) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-29 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 膜分離装置の運転方法 |
JP2002346348A (ja) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-03 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 膜濾過装置 |
JP2006255708A (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2006-09-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 中空糸膜の逆洗方法及び中空糸膜水処理装置 |
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JP2002028460A (ja) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-29 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 膜分離装置の運転方法 |
JP2002346348A (ja) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-03 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 膜濾過装置 |
JP2006255708A (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2006-09-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 中空糸膜の逆洗方法及び中空糸膜水処理装置 |
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JP2013075291A (ja) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-04-25 | Metawater Co Ltd | 膜ろ過システムおよびその運転制御方法 |
CN103265095A (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-28 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | 用于水处理的自清洗膜处理装置 |
CN103265095B (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-10-08 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | 用于水处理的自清洗膜处理装置 |
CN104436827A (zh) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-03-25 | 高桥金属制品(苏州)有限公司 | 一种清洗机的过滤器压力自动报警装置以及一种清洗机 |
WO2021045437A1 (en) | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Water purifier and filter for the same |
EP3976220A4 (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2022-07-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | WATER PURIFIERS AND FILTERS THEREOF |
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