WO2011052580A1 - 有機光電変換素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機光電変換素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052580A1 WO2011052580A1 PCT/JP2010/068955 JP2010068955W WO2011052580A1 WO 2011052580 A1 WO2011052580 A1 WO 2011052580A1 JP 2010068955 W JP2010068955 W JP 2010068955W WO 2011052580 A1 WO2011052580 A1 WO 2011052580A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/846—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations comprising getter material or desiccants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic photoelectric conversion element and a manufacturing method thereof.
- organic photoelectric conversion elements Compared with other elements such as inorganic photoelectric conversion elements, organic photoelectric conversion elements have advantages such as a simple structure and easy and inexpensive manufacture such as that they can be manufactured by printing. . However, the inferior photoelectric conversion efficiency has hindered practical use of organic photoelectric conversion elements.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element has an active metal electrode on at least one of the electrodes, and causes electrons or holes to flow through the organic / metal interface. Therefore, when the interface is chemically changed, it becomes an obstacle to charge transfer. Since this chemical change is caused by the reaction of oxygen or water with a metal, it is expected that the lifetime can be extended by removing oxygen and / or water, especially water.
- a substrate having a high barrier property is usually bonded to the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- a light or thermosetting sealant is used for bonding.
- water and oxygen have also entered through the sealant, leading to a reduction in life.
- Patent Document 1 an inorganic sealing layer formed by a vapor deposition method and a surface protective layer made of a resin layer formed on the inorganic sealing layer are stacked on the surface of the organic photoelectric conversion element. It is described that the action of moisture and oxygen can be blocked.
- Patent Document 1 is liable to be deteriorated by ultraviolet light, and has a problem that water and oxygen cannot be sufficiently prevented from entering the element.
- the present invention provides an organic photoelectric conversion element that eliminates deterioration due to ultraviolet light and is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
- An organic photoelectric device comprising an operating part having a pair of electrodes, an active layer located between the pair of electrodes and containing an organic compound, and a sealing layer covering at least a part of the operating part It is a conversion element, Comprising:
- the said sealing layer is an organic photoelectric conversion element containing an oxygen absorptive and / or water absorptive substance.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element according to the above [1], wherein the oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance is a metal oxide.
- At least a part of the operation part including a pair of electrodes and an active layer including an organic compound located between the pair of electrodes includes a seal containing an oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance.
- the manufacturing method of the organic photoelectric conversion element including covering with a stop layer.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a layer configuration of an organic photoelectric conversion element in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of the layer configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of the layer configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the layer configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of the layer configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics of the organic thin film solar cells of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics of the organic thin film solar cells of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- the basic configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a configuration having a pair of electrodes, an active layer, and a sealing layer. At least one of the pair of electrodes is transparent or translucent.
- the transparent or translucent electrode of the pair of electrodes is usually an anode.
- the electrode that may not be transparent or translucent is usually a cathode.
- the position of the active layer in the organic photoelectric conversion element is usually between a pair of electrodes.
- the active layer may be a single layer or a plurality of layers. A layer other than the active layer may be provided between the pair of electrodes, and this layer may be referred to as an intermediate layer in this specification.
- the active layer is a layer containing an organic compound.
- the organic compound include an electron donating compound (p-type semiconductor) and an electron accepting compound (n-type semiconductor).
- the active layer may be a single layer or a laminate in which a plurality of layers are stacked.
- the active layer is of a so-called pn heterojunction type in which a layer formed of an electron donating compound (electron donating layer) and a layer formed of an electron accepting compound (electron accepting layer) are superimposed.
- a pair of electrodes, an active layer, and an intermediate layer provided as necessary may be collectively referred to as an operation part.
- the sealing layer is a layer that covers at least a part of the operating portion.
- Examples of the form of the sealing layer include a form that surrounds the periphery of the operating part, and a form that covers the surface of one of the electrodes.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 are diagrams showing examples of the layer structure of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 are diagrams showing examples of the layer structure of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- a stacked body in which the active layer 40 is sandwiched between the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 is mounted on the substrate 20 to constitute the organic photoelectric conversion element 10.
- the substrate 20 is transparent or translucent.
- the surface of the second electrode 34 is covered with a sealing layer 50.
- the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 are transparent or translucent.
- the first electrode 32 is transparent or translucent.
- Which of the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 is an anode and which is a cathode is not particularly limited.
- the vapor deposition is performed in a later process when the vapor deposition method is used for film formation of the cathode (for example, aluminum).
- the cathode for example, aluminum
- the first electrode 32 is an anode and the second electrode 34 is a cathode.
- the substrate 20 and the first electrode 32 are formed to be transparent or translucent so that the light can be taken from the substrate 20 side.
- the active layer 40 is composed of two layers, a first active layer 42 and a second active layer 44, and is a pn heterojunction type active layer.
- One of the first active layer 42 and the second active layer 44 is an electron accepting layer, and the other layer is an electron donating layer.
- first intermediate layer 52 and a second intermediate layer 54 are provided.
- the first intermediate layer 52 is located between the active layer 40 and the first electrode 32
- the second intermediate layer 54 is located between the active layer 40 and the second electrode 34. Only one of the first intermediate layer 52 and the second intermediate layer 54 may be provided.
- each intermediate layer is depicted as a single layer, but each intermediate layer may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- the intermediate layer may have various functions. Assuming the case where the first electrode 32 is an anode, the first intermediate layer 52 may be, for example, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole injection layer, and a layer having other functions. In this case, the second electrode 34 is a cathode, and the second intermediate layer 54 can be, for example, an electron transport layer, an electron block layer, and a layer having other functions. On the other hand, when the first electrode 32 is a cathode and the second electrode 34 is an anode, the positions of the intermediate layers are also changed accordingly.
- the sealing layer 50 covers not only the second electrode 32 but also the side surfaces of the active layer 40 and the first electrode 32. Thus, the sealing layer 50 may cover the side surface of the operating portion 70.
- the substrate 60 is placed on the sealing layer 50.
- the sealing layer 50 is an adhesive layer and the substrate 60 is bonded.
- an adhesive (not shown) may be interposed between the sealing layer 50 and the substrate 60 to bond them together.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is the organic photoelectric conversion element described above, and the sealing layer is an organic photoelectric conversion element containing an oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance.
- oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substances there are three types of oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substances: substances that absorb oxygen, substances that absorb water, or substances that absorb oxygen and absorb water. In the present invention, Any of these or a combination of two or more types can be used.
- oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substances include metal oxides and silica gel.
- the metal oxide include calcium oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, molybdenum oxide, magnesium oxide, barium oxide and the like. Among these, a metal oxide is preferable and calcium oxide (CaO) is preferable.
- the oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance is usually a particle, preferably a particle having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably a particle having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and a particle size. It is even more preferable that the particle size is 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the sealing layer only needs to contain an oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance.
- a resin in a form in which an oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance is dispersed may be mentioned.
- the resin include an ultraviolet curable resin, a thermosetting resin, and a two-component mixed epoxy resin.
- the ultraviolet curable resin include epoxy resins, polyester resins, and urethane resins. Among these, an ultraviolet curable resin is preferable, and an epoxy resin is more preferable.
- the sealing layer preferably has adhesiveness. Thereby, even if it does not use an adhesive agent, a board
- the material having adhesiveness include ultraviolet curable resins, thermosetting resins, and two-component mixed epoxy resins among the above resins. Among these, an ultraviolet curable resin is preferable, and an epoxy resin is more preferable.
- the thickness of the sealing layer is usually 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes, in addition to the sealing layer, a pair of electrodes at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and an active layer that is located between the pair of electrodes and contains an organic compound. Having an operating part.
- Examples of the electrode material constituting the transparent or translucent electrode include a conductive metal oxide film and a translucent metal thin film. Specifically, indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and a composite of two or more of them (eg, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), NESA), etc. Films produced using materials; metal thin films such as gold, platinum, silver, and copper are exemplified, and films produced using conductive materials such as ITO, indium / zinc / oxide, and tin oxide are preferred. Examples of the electrode manufacturing method include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, and the like. Moreover, you may use organic transparent conductive films, such as polyaniline and its derivative (s), polythiophene, and its derivative (s) as an electrode material.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- NESA a composite of two or more of them
- the electrode paired with the transparent or translucent electrode may be transparent or translucent, but may be transparent or not translucent.
- the electrode material constituting the electrode include metals and conductive polymers. Specific examples of the electrode material include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, and the like.
- Two or more alloys of the metals include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, and calcium-aluminum alloy.
- the active layer is a layer containing an organic compound.
- the organic compound contained in the active layer may include a combination of an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound as described above.
- the electron-donating compound and the electron-accepting compound are not particularly limited, and can be determined relatively from the energy level of the energy level of these compounds.
- Examples of the electron donating compound include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, and aromatic amines in side chains or main chains. And polysiloxane derivatives, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and the like. Of these, oligothiophene and its derivatives are preferred, and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is more preferred.
- P3HT poly (3-hexylthiophene)
- a compound having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) is also preferable.
- the compound having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) preferably further has a structural unit represented by the formula (2).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and represent a trivalent heterocyclic group.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, Arylalkyl group, arylalkyloxy group, arylalkylthio group, acyl group, acyloxy group, amide group, acid imide group, imino group, amino group, substituted amino group, substituted silyl group, substituted silyloxy group, substituted silylthio group, substituted silylamino Represents a monovalent heterocyclic group, heterocyclic oxy group, heterocyclic thio group, arylalkenyl group, arylalkynyl group, carboxyl group or cyano group.
- R 50 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkyloxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkyloxy group, arylalkylthio group, acyl group, acyloxy group, amide Group, acid imide group, imino group, amino group, substituted amino group, substituted silyl group, substituted silyloxy group, substituted silylthio group, substituted silylamino group, monovalent heterocyclic group, heterocyclic oxy group, heterocyclic thio group, aryl An alkenyl group, an arylalkynyl group, a carboxyl group or a cyano group is represented.
- R 51 is an alkyl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 or more carbon atoms, or 6 or more carbon atoms.
- X 1 and Ar 2 are bonded to the adjacent position of the heterocyclic ring contained in Ar 1
- C (R 50 ) (R 51 ) and Ar 1 are bonded to the adjacent position of the heterocyclic ring contained in Ar 2 . .
- a polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene calculated using a standard polystyrene sample is preferably 3000 to 10000000. If the weight average molecular weight is lower than 3000, defects may occur in film formation during device fabrication, and if it exceeds 10000000, solubility in a solvent or applicability during device fabrication may be reduced.
- the weight average molecular weight of the electron donating compound is more preferably 8000 to 5000000, and particularly preferably 10,000 to 1000000.
- the electron donating compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the electron-accepting compound include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, Diphenyldicyanoethylene and its derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoxaline and its derivatives, polyfluorene and its derivatives, fullerenes such as C 60 and its derivatives, bathocuproine, etc.
- Phenanthrene derivatives metal oxides such as titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, and the like.
- titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and fullerene derivatives are preferable, and fullerenes and fullerene derivatives are particularly preferable.
- fullerenes include C 60 fullerene, C 70 fullerene, C 76 fullerene, C 78 fullerene, and C 84 fullerene.
- fullerene derivatives C 60 fullerene derivatives, C 70 fullerene derivatives, C 76 fullerene derivatives, C 78 fullerene derivatives, and C 84 fullerene derivatives.
- Specific examples of the fullerene derivative include the following.
- fullerenes and fullerene derivatives are preferable among the above specific examples, and [5,6] -PCBM and [6,6] -PCBM are more preferable.
- the ratio of the fullerene derivative is preferably 10 to 1000 parts by weight and more preferably 20 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electron donating compound. .
- the electron-accepting compound is not limited to one type of compound, and two or more types of compounds can be used in combination.
- the material for the intermediate layer examples include alkali metals such as lithium fluoride (LiF), halides and oxides of alkaline earth metals.
- alkali metals such as lithium fluoride (LiF)
- halides and oxides of alkaline earth metals.
- fine particles of inorganic semiconductor such as titanium oxide, PEDOT (poly (3,4) ethylenedioxythiophene) and the like are also exemplified.
- the anode side intermediate layer is preferably PEDOT
- the cathode side intermediate layer is preferably alkali metal (more preferably LiF).
- the organic photoelectric conversion element may have a substrate.
- the substrate may be positioned outside one of the electrodes as in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 4, or the element may be sandwiched between two substrates as in the example of FIG.
- the substrate may be any substrate that does not change chemically when the electrodes are formed and when the organic layer is formed. Examples of the material for the substrate include glass, plastic, polymer film, and silicon.
- the opposite electrode that is, the electrode farther from the substrate of the pair of electrodes
- At least a part of the operation part (a pair of electrodes, an active layer, and an intermediate layer provided as necessary) is made of an oxygen-absorbing and / or water-absorbing substance.
- a method including coating with a sealing layer containing.
- a liquid containing the material of the sealing layer is prepared, and this is a portion where the sealing layer is to be provided (for example, the electrode surface).
- a method of applying, a method of immersing the operating part in the liquid, a spray method and the like are exemplified.
- the substrate may be bonded onto the sealing layer.
- the sealing layer itself from an adhesive material, the sealing layer and the substrate can be more easily bonded.
- a liquid containing a sealing layer material is disposed on a portion of an organic solar cell element to be coated, and a transparent or translucent substrate (for example, glass) is disposed thereon, followed by curing. By irradiating and curing the mercury lamp, a sealing layer is formed.
- an electrode is formed on a substrate, an active layer is formed, and then an electrode is formed on the active layer, and a sealing layer is formed.
- the example to form is given, By this example, the organic photoelectric conversion element illustrated in FIG.1, FIG.2, FIG.4 or FIG. 5 is obtained. Also, an electrode is formed on the substrate, an intermediate layer is formed on the electrode, an active layer is formed as described above, an intermediate layer is then formed on the active layer, and an electrode is further formed on the intermediate layer.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element illustrated in FIG. 3 can be formed by forming a sealing layer.
- Examples of the method for forming the active layer include a method in which a liquid containing an organic compound is prepared and formed into a film.
- the liquid containing the organic compound can be prepared by dissolving the organic compound in a solvent.
- the solvent may be either water or an organic solvent, and is appropriately selected depending on the type of organic compound, that is, the electron donating compound and the electron accepting compound.
- organic solvent examples include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane, halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran And ether solvents such as tetrahydropyran. Of these, halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents are preferred, dichlorobenz
- the amount of the organic compound added to the solvent is not particularly limited, and an optimal range can be appropriately selected. Usually, it is 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 0.3% by weight or more, more preferably 0.5%. It is the amount which becomes weight% or more.
- the total amount of the electron donating compound and the electron accepting compound is usually 0.2 in the liquid. It is added in an amount of not less than wt%, preferably not less than 0.5 wt%, more preferably not less than 1 wt%. Further, the compounding ratio of the electron donating compound and the electron accepting compound can be usually adjusted to 1 to 20:20 to 1, preferably 1 to 10:10 to 1, more preferably 1 to 5: 5 to 1. .
- the electron donating compound or the electron accepting compound is usually 0.4% by weight or more in the liquid, preferably It is added so as to be 0.6% by weight or more, more preferably 2% by weight or more.
- a liquid containing an organic compound may be filtered. Thereby, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further improved.
- the pore size of the filter is usually 10 to 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 0.1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.15 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a liquid containing an organic compound may be applied on the electrode or the intermediate layer, and the solvent may be volatilized.
- the coating method include a coating method.
- the coating method spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method, spray coating method, screen printing method, gravure printing method, Examples include a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, an ink jet printing method, a dispenser printing method, a nozzle coating method, and a capillary coating method.
- the spin coating method, flexographic printing method, gravure printing method, ink jet printing method, and dispenser printing method are preferable, and the spin coating method is more preferable.
- an active layer of a bulk heterojunction type
- a liquid containing both an electron-donating compound and an electron-accepting compound is applied on the electrode or the intermediate layer, and the solvent is volatilized.
- an active layer can be formed.
- an organic photoelectric conversion element having an active layer of pn heterojunction for example, a liquid containing an electron donating compound and a liquid containing an electron accepting compound are prepared, and a liquid containing an electron donating compound is prepared. Is applied on the electrode or intermediate layer, and the solvent is volatilized to form an electron donating layer. Subsequently, a liquid containing an electron-accepting compound is applied onto the electron-donating layer, and the solvent is volatilized to form an electron-accepting layer. In this way, an active layer having a two-layer structure can be formed. The order of forming the electron donating layer and the electron accepting layer may be reversed.
- the thickness of the active layer is usually 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, and even more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- various thin film forming methods can be appropriately selected in consideration of conditions such as the type and thickness of the electrode material.
- various thin film forming methods can be appropriately selected in consideration of conditions such as the type and thickness of the material of the intermediate layer.
- the above-described coating methods can be employed as appropriate, and vacuum deposition, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), etc. can be employed. May be.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- An active layer may be formed.
- the material for the intermediate layer examples include alkali metals such as lithium fluoride (LiF), halides and oxides of alkaline earth metals.
- alkali metals such as lithium fluoride (LiF)
- halides and oxides of alkaline earth metals.
- fine particles of inorganic semiconductor such as titanium oxide, PEDOT (poly (3,4) ethylenedioxythiophene) and the like are also exemplified.
- the anode side intermediate layer is preferably PEDOT
- the cathode side intermediate layer is preferably alkali metal (more preferably LiF).
- the organic photoelectric conversion element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention operates as an organic thin film solar cell because photovoltaic power is generated between the electrodes by irradiating light such as sunlight from a transparent or translucent electrode. You may let them. Moreover, you may use as an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality of organic thin film solar cells.
- the organic light sensor may be operated. And you may use as an organic image sensor by integrating a plurality of organic photosensors.
- Organic thin-film solar cells can have basically the same module structure as conventional solar cell modules.
- a solar cell module generally has a structure in which cells are formed on a support substrate such as metal or ceramic, and the cell is covered with a filling resin, protective glass, or the like, and light is taken in from the opposite side of the support substrate.
- a transparent support substrate made of a transparent material such as tempered glass can be used as the support substrate, and a cell can be formed on the support substrate to receive light from the transparent support substrate side.
- a module structure called a super straight type, a substrate type, and a potting type, a substrate integrated module structure used in an amorphous silicon solar cell, and the like are known.
- the module structure of the organic thin film solar cell of the present invention can also be appropriately selected from these module structures depending on the purpose of use, the place of use or the environment.
- a typical module structure called super straight type or substrate type has cells arranged at regular intervals between support substrates that are transparent on one or both sides and treated with antireflection, and adjacent cells are metal leads or flexible wiring.
- the current collector electrode is arranged at the outer edge portion and the generated power is taken out to the outside.
- plastic materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) may be used between the substrate and the cell in the form of a film or a filling resin depending on the purpose in order to protect the cell or improve the current collection efficiency.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the protective function can be achieved by configuring the surface protective layer with a transparent plastic film or by curing the filled resin.
- the periphery of the support substrate is usually fixed in a sandwich shape with a metal frame.
- the support substrate and the frame are usually hermetically sealed with a sealing material.
- a flexible material is used as the material of the cell itself, the material of the support substrate, the filling material, and the sealing material, the solar cell can be formed on a curved surface.
- a solar cell using a flexible support such as a polymer film
- cells are sequentially formed while feeding out a roll-shaped support, cut to a desired size, and then the periphery is sealed with a flexible and moisture-proof material.
- the battery body can be produced.
- a solar cell using a flexible support can also have a module structure called “SCAF” described in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48, p383-391.
- SCAF solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48, p383-391.
- a solar cell using a flexible support can be used by being bonded and fixed to a curved glass or the like.
- cracks may occur on the coating film. Further, insoluble components and / or dust may become nuclei and aggregated particles may be generated.
- the occurrence of cracks and the occurrence of agglomerated flow leads to phenomena such as poor electrical or chemical contact at the bonding interface and the occurrence of leakage current. According to the present invention, the occurrence of these reductions can be reduced, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
- Example 1 Preparation of an organic photoelectric conversion element
- a glass substrate on which ITO having a thickness of about 150 nm formed by sputtering was patterned was washed with an organic solvent, an alkaline detergent, and ultrapure water and dried.
- This substrate was UV-O 3 treated with a UV-O 3 apparatus with the ITO surface facing up.
- a suspension of an aqueous solution of poly (3,4) ethylenedioxythiophene / polystyrene sulfonic acid dissolved in water was filtered through a 0.5 micron filter.
- the suspension after filtration was formed into a film with a thickness of 70 nm by spin coating on the ITO surface side of the substrate, and dried at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate in the air.
- an orthodichlorobenzene solution having a weight ratio of 1: 3 of the polymer compound A and [6,6] -phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester ([6,6] -PCBM) was prepared.
- the amount of polymer compound A added was 1% by weight with respect to orthodichlorobenzene.
- the polymer compound A had a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 17,000 and a polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight of 5,000.
- the light absorption edge wavelength of the polymer compound A was 925 nm.
- LiF was deposited to a thickness of about 2.3 nm and then Al to a thickness of about 70 nm in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus to form an electrode.
- CaO fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less (1 ⁇ m to 800 nm) and an epoxy resin (trade name: UV RESIN XNR 5516Z, manufacturer name: Nagase Chemtech Co., Ltd.), which is an ultraviolet curable resin, are used.
- a sealing material kneaded so as to be 10% by weight it was applied on the electrode so as to have a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, and further, the base material was laminated to perform sealing.
- Example 2 an organic photoelectric conversion element was manufactured in the same manner except that P3HT was used instead of the polymer compound A as the electron donating compound (p-type semiconductor material) and the ratio to C60PCBM was set to 1: 0.8. Produced.
- Comparative Example 1 An organic thin film solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sealing material did not contain CaO fine particles.
- Example 2 an organic thin film solar cell was produced in the same manner except that the sealing material did not contain CaO fine particles.
- the shape of the organic thin film solar cell which is the organic photoelectric conversion element obtained in the examples and comparative examples, was a regular square of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm. It left still in the dark place for 7 days, and measured the solar cell characteristic of the organic thin film solar cell. The measurement was performed as follows. By using a spectral sensitivity measuring device CEP-2000 manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd., the DC voltage applied to the element is swept at a constant speed of 20 mV / second, thereby enabling short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. And photoelectric conversion efficiency were measured.
- Table 1 shows the short-circuit current density, the open-circuit voltage, the fill factor, the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the series resistance, and the parallel resistance of each organic thin-film solar cell in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 6 shows the current-voltage characteristics of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 7 shows the current-voltage characteristics of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, respectively.
- the organic thin film solar cells of Examples 1 and 2 all showed high photoelectric conversion efficiency for a long period of time and had a long life compared to the organic thin film solar cells of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the present invention is useful because it provides an organic photoelectric conversion element.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に位置し有機化合物を含む活性層と、を有する動作部分、及び、前記動作部分の少なくとも一部を被覆する封止層、を備える有機光電変換素子であって、前記封止層は、酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質を含有する、有機光電変換素子。
〔2〕酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質が、金属酸化物である上記〔1〕に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔3〕金属酸化物が、酸化カルシウムである上記〔2〕に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔4〕酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質は、粒子径が1μm以下の粒子である上記〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔5〕封止層上に基板が載置される、上記〔1〕から〔4〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔6〕一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に位置し有機化合物を含む活性層と、を有する動作部分の少なくとも一部を、酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質を含有する封止層で被覆すること、を含む有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
20 基板
32 第1電極
34 第2電極
40 活性層
42 第1活性層
44 第2活性層
52 第1中間層
54 第2中間層
50 封止層
60 基板
70 動作部分
スパッタリング法にて成膜された約150nmの膜厚のITOがパターニングされたガラス基板を有機溶媒、アルカリ洗剤、超純水で洗浄し、乾かした。この基板に、ITO面を上にしてUV-O3装置にてUV-O3処理を行った。
実施例1において、電子供与性化合物(p型半導体材料)として高分子化合物Aの代わりにP3HTを用い、C60PCBMとの比率を1:0.8とした以外は同様に行い、有機光電変換素子を作製した。
実施例1において、封止材にCaO微粒子を含ませなかったこと以外は同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製した。
実施例2において、封止材にCaO微粒子を含ませなかったこと以外は同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製した。
実施例及び比較例において得られた有機光電変換素子である有機薄膜太陽電池の形状は、2mm×2mmの正四角形であった。暗所にて7日間静置し、有機薄膜太陽電池の太陽電池特性を測定した。測定は以下のようにして行った。分光計器株式会社製の分光感度測定装置CEP-2000型を用いて、素子に対するDC電圧印加を20mV/秒の定速で掃引することにより、短絡電流密度、開放端電圧、曲線因子(フィルファクター)、及び光電変換効率を測定した。実施例及び比較例の各有機薄膜太陽電池の短絡電流密度、開放端電圧、曲線因子、光電変換効率、直列抵抗及び並列抵抗を、表1に示す。また、図6に、実施例1と比較例1の電流-電圧特性を、図7に、実施例2と比較例2の電流-電圧特性を、それぞれ示す。
Claims (6)
- 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に位置し有機化合物を含む活性層と、を有する動作部分、及び、前記動作部分の少なくとも一部を被覆する封止層、を備える有機光電変換素子であって、
前記封止層は、酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質を含有する、有機光電変換素子。 - 酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質が、金属酸化物である請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 金属酸化物が、酸化カルシウムである請求項2に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質は、粒子径が1μm以下の粒子である請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 封止層上に基板が載置される、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に位置し有機化合物を含む活性層と、を有する動作部分の少なくとも一部を、酸素吸収性及び/又は水吸収性の物質を含有する封止層で被覆すること、を含む有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
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US13/504,802 US20120216869A1 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2010-10-26 | Organic photovoltaic cell and method for manufacturing the same |
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WO2013045679A1 (de) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Laminierter verbund mit trocknungsmittel, sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US20150144200A1 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2015-05-28 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Composition and electronic device using the same |
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WO2014136359A1 (ja) | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-12 | ローム株式会社 | 有機薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法、および電子機器 |
JP2022166501A (ja) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-11-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | インク組成物及びその製造方法 |
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2010
- 2010-10-26 WO PCT/JP2010/068955 patent/WO2011052580A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-10-26 US US13/504,802 patent/US20120216869A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-10-26 CN CN2010800478418A patent/CN102576810A/zh active Pending
- 2010-10-29 JP JP2010243122A patent/JP2011119705A/ja active Pending
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WO2013045679A1 (de) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Laminierter verbund mit trocknungsmittel, sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US20150144200A1 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2015-05-28 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Composition and electronic device using the same |
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US20120216869A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
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