WO2011046035A1 - 画像投射装置、画像投射方法、距離測定装置及び距離測定方法 - Google Patents
画像投射装置、画像投射方法、距離測定装置及び距離測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011046035A1 WO2011046035A1 PCT/JP2010/067340 JP2010067340W WO2011046035A1 WO 2011046035 A1 WO2011046035 A1 WO 2011046035A1 JP 2010067340 W JP2010067340 W JP 2010067340W WO 2011046035 A1 WO2011046035 A1 WO 2011046035A1
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- focus lens
- variable focus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B3/00—Focusing arrangements of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
- G02B27/102—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths for generating a colour image from monochromatic image signal sources
- G02B27/104—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths for generating a colour image from monochromatic image signal sources for use with scanning systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/145—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only having sequential partially reflecting surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/48—Laser speckle optics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
- G03B21/006—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto using LCD's
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image projection apparatus that displays an image by scanning a projection surface with a light beam such as a Gaussian beam (for example, laser light).
- a light beam such as a Gaussian beam (for example, laser light).
- Patent Document 1 describes an image display device that displays an image by scanning an irradiated surface with a light beam modulated in accordance with an image signal.
- the image display device includes a condensing optical system that condenses a light beam from a light source, and a scanning unit including a reflection mirror that reflects the light beam condensed by the condensing optical system toward a projection surface.
- a condensing optical system that condenses a light beam from a light source
- a scanning unit including a reflection mirror that reflects the light beam condensed by the condensing optical system toward a projection surface.
- the condensing optical system forms a beam waist at a position farther from the reflection mirror than an intermediate position between the reflection mirror and the projection surface.
- speckle When an image is displayed by scanning the projection surface with laser light, noise on speckles called speckle is generated due to the coherence of the laser light. Speckle is an obstacle when observing a display image, and deteriorates the image quality.
- a beam waist is formed at a position between the reflection mirror of the scanning unit and the irradiated surface and farther from the reflection mirror than the intermediate position. Even in this configuration, the above speckles are generated, thereby degrading the image quality.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image projecting apparatus and an image projecting method capable of solving the above-described problems and reliably reducing speckles.
- an image projection apparatus includes: A variable focus lens capable of changing the focal length; Scanning means for scanning the projection surface with the light beam condensed by the variable focus lens; Distance measuring means for measuring a distance from the variable focus lens to the projection surface; Control means for controlling the variable focus lens so that the focal length of the variable focus lens is longer than the distance measured by the distance measuring means.
- An image projection method includes: An image projection method for displaying an image by scanning a projection surface with a light beam condensed by a variable focus lens capable of changing a focal length, A distance from the variable focus lens to the projection surface is measured, and a focal length longer than the measured distance is set in the variable focus lens.
- FIG. 3 It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the principal part of the image projection apparatus which is the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the variable focus lens of the image projection apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of the variable focus lens of the image projection apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the pattern of the Fresnel zone plate formed with the variable focus lens shown to FIG. 5A. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the image projection apparatus shown in FIG. 3. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the principal part of the image projection apparatus which is the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- the inventors of the present application analyzed speckle generation factors and obtained the following new knowledge.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a state of a synthetic wavefront generated when a scattering object is irradiated with parallel light.
- a secondary spherical wave is generated in the scattering object 101.
- the direction of the wave number vector defined by the combined wave front of the secondary spherical wave and the wave front of the parallel light 100 is a diverging direction, and the dispersion of the wave number vector is also increased.
- the speckle increases as the dispersion of the wave vector increases.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing a state of a synthetic wavefront generated when a scattering object is irradiated with divergent light.
- a secondary spherical wave is generated in the scattering object 111.
- the direction of the wave number vector defined by the combined wavefront of the secondary spherical wave and the wavefront of the diverging light 110 is a direction of further diverging (diffusing) than the case shown in FIG. 1A. Since the dispersion of the wave vector in this case becomes larger than that shown in FIG. 1A, the speckle is further increased.
- FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram showing a state of a synthetic wavefront generated when a scattered object is irradiated with convergent light.
- a secondary spherical wave is generated in the scattering object 121.
- the wave vector defined by the combined wavefront of the secondary spherical wave and the wavefront of the convergent light 120 is substantially parallel. Since the dispersion of the wave vector in this case is smaller than that shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the speckle becomes smaller.
- the beam projected on the projection surface becomes convergent light. It may not be possible.
- FIG. 2A schematically shows the state of a wavefront when the projection surface is scanned with a focused beam.
- the laser light from the laser light source 200 is condensed by the condenser lens 201.
- the scanning unit 202 scans the projection surface 203 with the beam from the condenser lens 201.
- the beam emitted from the condensing lens 201 propagates as a convergent spherical wave 205, and the state changes from the convergent spherical wave 205 to the divergent spherical wave 206 at the position where the beam waist 204 is formed.
- the projection surface 203 When the projection surface 203 is positioned closer to the condenser lens 201 than the beam waist 204, the projection surface 203 is scanned with the beam of the convergent spherical wave 205. In this case, since the projection surface 203 is scanned with the convergent light, speckle can be reduced.
- the projection surface 203 is positioned on the side farther from the condenser lens 201 than the beam waist 204, the projection surface 203 is scanned with the beam of the divergent spherical wave 206. In this case, since the projection surface 203 is scanned with diverging light, it is difficult to reduce speckle.
- FIG. 2B shows a change in speckle contrast (%) when the projection surface is moved forward and backward with respect to the position of the beam waist.
- the speckle contrast indicates the degree of speckle.
- the speckle contrast is a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation value of the pixel value for the speckle image by the average value of each pixel.
- the horizontal axis indicates the distance (mm) from the beam waist.
- the position of the beam waist is 0, the condensing lens 201 side is indicated by minus, and the opposite side is indicated by plus.
- speckle contrast changes when the focal length of the condensing lens 201 is 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm are indicated by a broken line (short), a solid line, and a broken line (long), respectively.
- speckle contrast is reduced when the projection surface is located closer to the condenser lens than the position of the beam waist. In this case, the closer the projection surface is to the condenser lens side, the more speckle contrast is reduced. Moreover, speckle contrast is reduced as the focal length is shorter.
- the speckle contrast increases when the projection surface is located on the side farther from the condenser lens than the position of the beam waist.
- speckle contrast increases as the projection surface is further away from the beam waist position.
- speckle contrast increases as the focal length is shorter.
- the projection surface in the vicinity of the beam waist. Specifically, it is desirable that the projected surface be disposed within a range defined by the Rayleigh length from the reference (range of a distance where the beam diameter becomes ⁇ 2 times) with respect to the beam waist.
- the beam waist may be located on the near side of the projection surface depending on the arrangement position of the projection surface. In this case, the speckle reduction effect by the convergent light cannot be obtained.
- an image projection apparatus that can reliably scan a projection surface (screen) with convergent light regardless of the position of the projection surface will be described.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the main part of the image projection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the image projection apparatus includes a laser light source 1, a variable focus lens 2, a scanning unit 3, a control unit 4, and a distance measuring unit 9.
- the scanning unit 3 scans the projection surface 12 with the light beam condensed by the variable focus lens 2 that can change the focal length.
- the distance measuring unit 9 measures the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12.
- the control unit 4 controls the variable focus lens 2 so that the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is longer than the distance measured by the distance measurement unit 9.
- variable focus lens 2 the scanning means 3, the control means 4, and the distance measuring means 9 will be described in detail.
- variable focus lens 2 and the scanning means 3 are arranged in this order in the traveling direction of the laser light from the laser light source 1.
- the variable focus lens 2 is configured such that its focal length changes in accordance with a control signal from the control means 4.
- the range of the focal length that can be varied is, for example, 50 mm to infinity.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the variable focus lens 2.
- the variable focus lens 2 includes a zoom lens including a condenser lens 20 and a diverging lens 21.
- the distance between the condenser lens 20 and the diverging lens 21 changes according to the control signal from the control means 4, and as a result, the focal length changes.
- FIG. 5A shows another example of the variable focus lens 2.
- the variable focus lens 2 includes a spatial light modulator 22 such as a matrix liquid crystal panel.
- the spatial light modulator 22 forms an image corresponding to the Fresnel zone plate in response to a control signal from the control means 4.
- the Fresnel zone plate is composed of a plurality of concentric annular zones in which transparent and opaque annular zones are alternately arranged.
- the Fresnel zone plate includes a phase type Fresnel zone plate in which the phase difference between the transparent zone and the opaque zone is 0 and ⁇ , and the transmittance of each of the transparent zone and the opaque zone is 100. % And 0% transmission type Fresnel zone plate.
- the focal length of the Fresnel zone plate is determined by the interval between the transparent and opaque annular zones and the width of the annular zone.
- the Fresnel zone plate pattern changes according to the control signal from the control means 4, and thereby the focal length changes continuously or stepwise.
- the Fresnel zone plate pattern having a small focal length shown in FIG. 5B is displayed, the first beam 23a having a large converging angle as shown in FIG. 5A is obtained.
- the second beam 23b having a small converging angle as shown in FIG. 5A is obtained.
- variable focus lens 2 In addition to the above, a varifocal lens, a varifocal mirror, a liquid crystal lens, or the like can be used as the variable focus lens 2.
- the varifocal lens is a lens filled with a liquid, and the pressure of the filled liquid changes according to a control signal from the control means 4. This pressure change changes the shape of the lens and changes the focal length.
- a varifocal mirror has a mirror shape that changes depending on electrostatic force, magnetic force, pressure, and the like.
- the mirror shape is changed by an electrostatic force (or magnetic force or pressure) according to a control signal from the control means 4.
- the focal length changes.
- the liquid crystal lens is a lens-shaped space in which liquid crystal is sealed.
- the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal changes according to the control signal from the control means 4.
- the refractive index in the lens-like space changes and the focal length changes.
- the distance measuring means 9 has an imaging means 5, an image memory 6, a speckle contrast calculating means 7, and a look-up table means 8.
- the imaging means 5 captures an image displayed on the projection surface 12, and includes an image sensor 5a and an imaging lens 5b.
- the imaging lens 5b for example, a lens having a focal length of 18 mm, a pupil diameter of 2.25 mm, and an F number of 8 is used. According to this lens, the resolution limit for light having a wavelength of 532 nm is 5 ⁇ m.
- the image sensor 5a is a two-dimensional area sensor represented by a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor or a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor.
- the image sensor 5a is composed of, for example, a 1000 ⁇ 1000 pixel CMOS sensor, and the pixel pitch is, for example, 2.2 ⁇ m.
- a one-dimensional line sensor can also be used as the image sensor 5a.
- a cylindrical lens may be used as the imaging lens 5b.
- the output of the image sensor 5a is supplied to the image memory 6.
- the image data output from the image sensor 5 a is stored in the image memory 6.
- the image data stored in the image memory 6 is supplied to the speckle contrast calculation means 7.
- the speckle contrast calculation means 7 calculates the speckle contrast based on the image data (speckle image data) from the image memory 6, and includes an image average calculation means 7a, an image standard deviation calculation means 7b, and a division means. 7c.
- the image data from the image memory 6 is supplied to the image average calculation means 7a and the image standard deviation calculation means 7b.
- the image average calculation means 7 a calculates the average value of the pixels of the image data from the image memory 6.
- the output (average value) of the image average calculating means 7a is supplied to the dividing means 7c.
- the image standard deviation calculating means 7b takes the standard deviation for each pixel value of the image data from the image memory 6, and supplies the standard deviation value to the dividing means 7c.
- the dividing means 7c divides the standard deviation value supplied from the image standard deviation calculating means 7b by the average value supplied from the image average calculating means 7a, and uses the calculation result as a speckle contrast value as a lookup table means 8. To supply.
- the look-up table means 8 holds characteristic data indicating changes in speckle contrast when the projection surface is moved back and forth with respect to the position of the beam waist for each focal length of the variable focus lens 2. .
- the look-up table means 8 holds the characteristic data shown in FIG. 2B.
- the look-up table means 8 refers to the stored characteristic data and calculates the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12 based on the speckle contrast value supplied from the dividing means 7c.
- the distance calculation result by the lookup table means 8 is supplied from the distance measurement means 9 to the control means 4.
- the control unit 4 controls the variable focus lens 2 so that the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is longer than the distance supplied from the distance measurement unit 9.
- the image projection apparatus is characterized in that the variable focus lens 2 is controlled so that the beam waist of the light beam from the variable focus lens 2 is located on the back side of the projection surface 12. Is basically the same as the control of an existing image projection apparatus. Therefore, the characteristic control (focal length setting method) will be described below, and description of other controls will be omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing one procedure of the focal length setting method of the variable focus lens 2.
- control unit 4 sets the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 to an initial value, and notifies the distance measurement unit 9 of the set value (step S10).
- imaging means 5 captures an image displayed on the projection surface (step S11).
- the captured image data is supplied to the speckle contrast calculation means 7 via the image memory 6.
- the speckle contrast calculation means 7 calculates the speckle contrast based on the image data captured in step S11 (step S12).
- the image average calculation unit 7a calculates the average value of the values of each pixel of the image data
- the image standard deviation calculation unit 7b calculates the standard deviation of the value of each pixel of the image data. Is calculated.
- the dividing unit 7c divides the standard deviation value calculated by the image standard deviation calculating unit 7b by the average value calculated by the image average calculating unit 7a, and outputs the calculation result as a speckle contrast value. To do.
- the look-up table means 8 obtains characteristic data corresponding to the focal length value (initial value) supplied from the control means 4 in step S10 from the characteristic data held. Identify. Further, the look-up table means 8 refers to the specified characteristic data, and acquires the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12 from the speckle contrast value calculated in step S12 (step S13).
- control means 4 controls the variable focus lens 2 so that the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is longer than the distance calculated in step S13 (step S14).
- the characteristic data shown in FIG. 2B is held in the look-up table means 8, the initial value of the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is 300 mm, and the speckle contrast value calculated by the speckle contrast calculation means 7 is 20
- the processes in steps S13 and S14 are performed in the following procedure.
- the look-up table means 8 acquires characteristic data having a focal length of 300 mm from the characteristic data shown in FIG. 2B.
- the look-up table means 8 refers to the acquired characteristic data (focal length 300 mm) and specifies the projection surface position with respect to the beam waist corresponding to the speckle contrast value 20%.
- the control means 4 controls the variable focus lens 2 so that the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is greater than 450 mm.
- the control unit 4 sets the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 to 500 mm.
- the process shown in FIG. 6 may be executed, for example, when the image projection apparatus is activated, or may be executed by pressing a specific button provided on the operation unit of the image projection apparatus. Further, the processing of steps S11 to S14 may be repeated. In this repetitive processing, in the distance calculation processing in step S13, the characteristic data corresponding to the focal length changed in the previous step S14 is referred to.
- the processing shown in FIG. 6 is executed.
- the beam waist of the light beam from the varifocal lens 2 is always located behind the projection surface 12, and the projection surface 12 can be scanned with convergent light. Therefore, the speckle reduction effect by the convergent light can be obtained regardless of the arrangement position of the projection surface.
- a convergent light projection region with a small speckle with a speckle contrast of 13% can be always formed on the projection surface 12.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the main part of the image projection apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the image projection apparatus is configured such that the imaging unit constituting the distance measuring unit 9 images the projection surface 12 via the polarization beam splitter (PBS) 10, and this point is the first. Different from the embodiment. Since other configurations are basically the same as those of the first embodiment, a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- PBS 10 is provided in the traveling direction of the light beam (P-polarized light) from the laser light source 1.
- the light beam (P-polarized light) from the laser light source 1 passes through the PBS 10.
- the variable focus lens 2 and the scanning unit 3 are arranged in this order in the traveling direction of the light beam (P-polarized light) that has passed through the PBS 10.
- the reflected light from the portion onto which the light beam (P-polarized light) from the scanning unit 3 is projected includes P-polarized light and S-polarized light.
- the reflected light (P-polarized light + S-polarized light) from the projection surface 12 passes through the scanning unit 3 and the variable focus lens 2 in order and reaches the PBS 10.
- P-polarized light is transmitted through the PBS 10
- S-polarized light is reflected by the PBS 10 in the direction of the imaging lens 5b.
- the image on the projection surface 12 is imaged on the image sensor 5a via the scanning means 3, the variable focus lens 2, the PBS 10, and the imaging lens 5b.
- Image data from the image sensor 5 a is supplied to the speckle contrast calculation means 7 via the image memory 6. Then, by the processing shown in FIG. 6, the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is adjusted to be longer than the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12.
- the imaging lens 5b for example, a lens having a focal length of 4 mm and an F number of 20 is used.
- a diaphragm 5c is provided on the incident surface side of the imaging lens 5b.
- the diameter of the diaphragm 5c is, for example, 0.2 mm. In this case, the resolution limit in light having a wavelength of 532 nm is 13 ⁇ m.
- the image sensor 5b a 500 ⁇ 500 pixel CMOS sensor (pixel pitch: 5 ⁇ m) is used. Since the diameter of the diaphragm 5c is 0.2 mm, when the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is 1000 mm, the F number viewed from the imaging side is 5000.
- the imaging lens 5b can maintain a focused state within a range of 200 mm to 1800 mm. Thereby, the blur of the captured image which arises with the focus change of the variable focus lens 2 can be suppressed.
- the image projection apparatus can be reduced in size by integrating the scanning system and the imaging system.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the main part of an image projection apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the image projection apparatus of this embodiment is provided with a photodiode 5d and speckle contrast calculation means 70 as light detection means instead of the image sensor 5a, image memory 6 and speckle contrast calculation means 7.
- a photodiode 5d and speckle contrast calculation means 70 as light detection means instead of the image sensor 5a, image memory 6 and speckle contrast calculation means 7.
- FIG. 9 shows the configuration of the speckle contrast calculation means 70.
- the speckle contrast calculation means 70 includes integration circuits 71 and 74, square circuits 72 and 73, a subtractor 75 and a divider 76.
- the output signal I (x) of the photodiode 5d is supplied to the integrating circuit 71 and the squaring circuit 73.
- the integrating circuit 71 calculates an average ⁇ I (x) value of I (x) values supplied from the photodiode 5d.
- the squaring circuit 73 squares the value of I (x) supplied from the photodiode 5d.
- the output of the integrating circuit 71 is supplied to the squaring circuit 72, and the output of the squaring circuit 73 is supplied to the integrating circuit 74.
- the squaring circuit 72 squares the average ⁇ I (x) value supplied from the integrating circuit 71.
- the integrating circuit 74 calculates the average ⁇ I (x) 2 value of the value I (x) 2 supplied from the squaring circuit 73.
- the output of the squaring circuit 72 ( ⁇ I (x)) 2 is supplied to the negative input and a divider 76 of the subtractor 75.
- the output ⁇ I (x) 2 of the integrating circuit 74 is supplied to the plus side input of the subtractor 75.
- the subtractor 75 outputs a value (variance) obtained by subtracting the value of ( ⁇ I (x)) 2 supplied from the square circuit 72 from the value of ⁇ I (x) 2 supplied from the integrating circuit 74.
- the output (dispersion) of the subtractor 75 is supplied to the divider 76.
- the divider 76 divides the value (variance) supplied from the subtractor 75 by the value ( ⁇ I (x)) 2 supplied from the squaring circuit 72. This calculation result corresponds to a value obtained by squaring the speckle contrast.
- the output of the divider 76 is supplied to the look-up table means 8 of FIG.
- the look-up table means 8 acquires the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12 based on the value obtained by taking the square root of the output value of the divider 76 (the value obtained by squaring the speckle contrast).
- the control means 4 controls the variable focus lens 2 so that the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is longer than the distance acquired by the look-up table means 8 (the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12). .
- the speckle contrast is calculated based on the image data from the image sensor.
- the image projection apparatus calculates a value obtained by squaring the speckle contrast based on the time series signal of the light intensity I (x) output from the photodiode 5d. This point is different from those of the first and second embodiments. Processing other than the calculation of speckle contrast is basically the same as the processing shown in FIG.
- the light intensity I (x) detected by the photodiode 5d corresponds to the image displayed on the projection surface 12, and the time-series signal is I (v ⁇ t).
- the first process by the integration circuit 71 and the square circuit 72 and the second process by the square circuit 73 and the integration circuit 74 are executed in parallel.
- an average value (average value per predetermined time) of the time-series intensity signal I (x) output from the photodiode 5d is obtained, and a square value thereof is further obtained.
- the square value of the time-series intensity signal I (x) output from the photodiode 5d is obtained, and the average value (average value per predetermined time) is obtained.
- the standard of the intensity signal I (x) is determined from the difference between the result of the first process (average square of I (x)) and the result of the second process (average square of I (x)).
- the square value (variance) of the deviation is obtained.
- the square value of the speckle contrast is obtained by dividing the square value of the standard deviation of the intensity signal I (x) by the mean square of the intensity signal I (x).
- the integration time of the integration circuits 71 and 74 (corresponding to the predetermined time described above). Is 33.3 ⁇ s.
- the predetermined time is set to half the scanning time for one horizontal scanning line.
- the cutoff frequency of the photodiode 5d is 40 MHz
- the clock for image display is at least twice the value of 18.4 MHz.
- the integration time (predetermined time) is not limited to the above values. As long as the speckle contrast can be calculated, an arbitrary time may be set as the integration time (predetermined time).
- the speckle contrast calculation means may be realized by any circuit of an analog arithmetic circuit and a digital arithmetic circuit.
- the output signal of the photodiode 5d is sampled by an AD converter, and a square value of speckle contrast is obtained based on the sampling data.
- the beam waist of the light beam from the varifocal lens 2 is always located behind the projection surface 12 as in the first and second embodiments. Therefore, the projection surface 12 can be scanned with convergent light. Therefore, the speckle reduction effect by the convergent light can be obtained regardless of the arrangement position of the projection surface.
- the processing of steps S11 to S14 shown in FIG. 6 can be repeatedly executed for each horizontal scanning line, so that the vertical scanning position (for each horizontal scanning line)
- the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 can be controlled according to the position). Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the projection surface 12 is inclined with respect to the vertical direction, the beam waist of the light beam from the variable focus lens 2 is necessarily covered over the entire vertical scanning direction. Control can be performed so that the projection surface 12 is located behind the projection surface 12. Thereby, the speckle reduction effect by convergent light can be acquired over the whole vertical scanning direction of a display image.
- the beam waist of the light beam from the variable focus lens 2 is always located behind the projection surface 12 over the entire vertical scanning direction. It can control to be located in. Therefore, the speckle reduction effect by the convergent light can be obtained over the entire vertical scanning direction of the display image.
- the resolution decreases as the beam diameter on the projection surface 12 increases.
- control means 4 holds Rayleigh length correspondence information indicating the correspondence between the focal length of the variable focal length lens 2 and the Rayleigh length, and the focal length in step S14 shown in FIG. At the time of change, the following processing may be performed.
- the control unit 4 changes the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 so that the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 is longer than the distance acquired by the lookup table unit 8.
- the control unit 4 refers to the Rayleigh length correspondence information, and the difference between the changed focal length and the distance acquired by the lookup table unit 8 is defined by the Rayleigh length at the changed focal length.
- the focal length of the varifocal lens 2 is determined so as to be within the range.
- the beam waist of the light beam from the variable focus lens 2 is always located on the back side of the projection surface 12, and the projection surface 12 is located within the range of the Rayleigh length of the light beam. . Therefore, a display image with high resolution can be provided.
- the beam waist is located behind the projection surface 12 over the entire vertical scanning direction, and The projected surface 12 is positioned within the range of the Rayleigh length of the light beam. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a focused image with high resolution over the entire vertical scanning direction.
- the image projection apparatus of each embodiment described above can be applied to a configuration that displays a color image.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an image projection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the image projection apparatus includes a variable focus lens 2, a scanning unit 3, a control unit 4, a distance measuring unit 9, a light source driving circuit 30, a green laser light source 31, a red laser light source 32, a blue laser light source 33, a reflection.
- a mirror 34 and dichroic prisms 35 and 36 are provided.
- the variable focus lens 2, the scanning unit 3, the control unit 4, and the distance measuring unit 9 are the same as those in any of the above-described embodiments.
- the light source driving circuit 30 generates a green laser modulation signal, a red laser modulation signal, and a blue laser modulation signal in accordance with the input video signal.
- the green laser modulation signal is supplied to the green laser light source 31.
- the red laser modulation signal is supplied to the red laser light source 32.
- the blue laser modulation signal is supplied to the blue laser light source 33.
- FIG. 12 shows the configuration of a laser light source used as the red laser light source 32 or the blue laser light source 33.
- the laser light source shown in FIG. 12 includes a current modulation circuit 71, a semiconductor laser 72, and a collimating optical system 73.
- the current modulation circuit 71 controls the current flowing through the semiconductor laser 72 in accordance with the laser modulation signal (for red or blue) from the light source driving circuit 30. Thereby, the intensity of the output light of the semiconductor laser 72 is modulated.
- the laser light from the semiconductor laser 72 is converted into a parallel beam by the collimating optical system 73.
- the red laser light source 32 is a semiconductor laser 72 that uses a semiconductor laser having an oscillation wavelength of 640 nm.
- the blue laser light source 33 is a semiconductor laser 72 using a semiconductor laser having an oscillation wavelength of 440 nm.
- FIG. 13A shows the configuration of the green laser light source 31.
- the laser light source shown in FIG. 13A includes a drive circuit 74, an infrared solid laser 75, a second harmonic element 76, an acoustooptic element 77, a collimating optical system 78, and condensing optical systems 79a and 79b.
- the second harmonic element 76 outputs the second harmonic (532 nm) of the infrared laser (1064 nm) incident from the infrared solid laser 75 via the condensing optical system 79a.
- the second harmonic beam from the second harmonic element 76 enters the acousto-optic element 77 via the condensing optical system 79b.
- the drive circuit 74 drives the acoustooptic device 77 in accordance with the laser modulation signal (for green) from the light source drive circuit 10. As a result, the intensity of the second harmonic beam from the second harmonic element 76 is modulated.
- the beam from the acoustooptic device 77 is converted into a parallel beam by a collimating optical system 78.
- FIG. 13B shows another configuration of the green laser light source 31.
- the laser light source illustrated in FIG. 13B includes a current modulation circuit 80, an infrared semiconductor laser 81, a condensing optical system 82, a second harmonic element 83, and a collimating optical system 84.
- the current modulation circuit 80 modulates the current supplied to the infrared semiconductor laser 81 in accordance with the laser modulation signal (for green) from the light source driving circuit 10.
- the infrared laser from the infrared semiconductor laser 81 is incident on the second harmonic element 83 via the condensing optical system 82.
- the second harmonic element 83 outputs the second harmonic of the incident infrared laser.
- the second harmonic beam from the second harmonic element 83 is converted into a parallel beam by the collimating optical system 84.
- a reflection mirror 34 is provided in the traveling direction of the laser beam (green) from the green laser light source 31, and the dichroic prisms 35 and 36 are variable in the traveling direction of the laser beam (green) reflected by the reflecting mirror 34.
- the focus lens 2 and the scanning means 3 are provided in this order.
- the dichroic prism 35 is disposed at the intersection of the laser light (green) from the green laser light source 31 and the laser light (red) from the red laser light source 32.
- the dichroic prism 35 transmits the laser light (green) from the green laser light source 31 and reflects the laser light (red) from the red laser light source 32. Thereby, the color of the laser beam (green) and the laser beam (red) is synthesized.
- the dichroic prism 36 is disposed at the intersection of the color-combined beam (green + red) from the dichroic prism 35 and the laser light (blue) from the blue laser light source 33.
- the dichroic prism 36 transmits the color-combined beam (green + red) from the dichroic prism 35 and reflects the laser light (blue) from the blue laser light source 33. Thereby, the color of the beam (green + red) and the laser beam (blue) is synthesized.
- the color composite beam (green + red + blue) from the dichroic prism 36 is supplied to the scanning means 3 via the variable focus lens 2.
- the scanning means 3 has a horizontal scanner and a vertical scanner.
- the horizontal scanner is composed of, for example, a resonant micromechanical scanning element.
- a resonant micromechanical scanning element is an element capable of reciprocal scanning.
- the touch angle is ⁇ 20 degrees, and the drive frequency is 15 KHz.
- a rectangular mirror having a diameter of 1400 ⁇ m is used as the resonant micromechanical scanning element.
- the vertical scanner consists of a galvanometer mirror.
- the galvanometer mirror has, for example, a touch angle of ⁇ 15 degrees and is driven by a 60 Hz sawtooth wave.
- the image definition was 640 pixels for the horizontal and 480 pixels for the vertical.
- the screen size was 290 cm in the horizontal direction and 220 cm in the vertical direction at a projection distance of 400 mm.
- the laser light source synchronizes with the scanning means 3 and controls the light emission timing and intensity in a time unit (for example, 6 ns) of 1/8 or less of the pixel clock 18.4 MHz (54 ns).
- the wavelength width of these light sources can be expanded. Thereby, the speckle contrast which arises with a red laser beam and a blue laser beam can further be reduced.
- the above-described color image projection apparatus is an example, and the configuration thereof can be changed as appropriate.
- a dichroic prism instead of the dichroic mirror, a dichroic prism, a fiber coupler, and other various combining optical systems may be used.
- Each laser light source may be a fiber laser.
- various optical modulators such as a grating type MEMS modulator, a waveguide type modulator, and an electro-optic crystal may be used.
- acousto-optic elements As the means for horizontal scanning and vertical scanning, acousto-optic elements, electro-optic crystals, etc. may be used.
- the beam deflection unit (mirror, etc.) of the means for horizontal scanning and vertical scanning only needs to be larger than the collimated beam diameter. If this condition is satisfied, the size and shape of the beam deflection unit can be appropriately changed.
- distance measuring means for calculating the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12 based on speckle contrast is used, but instead of this, triangulation is performed.
- the existing distance measuring means (ranging means) used may be used.
- the distance measuring means includes a light emitting element, a light projecting lens for projecting light from the light emitting element toward the projection surface, a light receiving lens, and a one-dimensional array image sensor.
- the light from the light emitting element is reflected by the projection surface, and the reflected light is supplied to the one-dimensional array image pickup element through the light receiving lens.
- the image of the bright spot formed on the projection surface by the light from the light emitting element is formed on the one-dimensional array imaging element via the light receiving lens. Based on the triangulation principle, the distance from the variable focus lens to the projection surface is obtained from the position of the bright spot image on the one-dimensional array image sensor.
- the image projection apparatus when the projection surface 12 is scanned with a light beam, the display image may be distorted due to the inclination or curved surface state of the projection surface 12.
- the image projection apparatus according to the third embodiment may be configured as follows.
- the distance measuring unit 9 supplies the distance calculated for each horizontal scanning line to the modulation signal generating unit (for example, the light source driving circuit shown in FIG. 11). Based on the distance information for each horizontal scanning line supplied from the distance measurement unit 9, the modulation signal generation unit determines the inclination of the projection surface 12 and the curved surface state in the vertical direction.
- the modulation signal generation means performs processing for correcting the image distortion corresponding to the determined inclination and curved surface state of the projection surface 12 on the input video signal. Then, the modulation signal generating means generates a modulation signal for modulating the laser light source based on the video signal subjected to the image distortion correction.
- the distance measuring means 9 may be configured as shown in FIG.
- the image projected or displayed on the projection surface is projected or displayed on the projection surface based on not only image data such as video and photographs but also electronic data such as characters, figures, and tables. Including what is possible.
- a process for creating characteristic data may be performed after activation.
- the control unit 4 determines the focal length of the variable focus lens 2 step by step.
- the speckle contrast calculation means 7 calculates the speckle contrast value for each focal length. Further, the speckle contrast calculating means 7 calculates the change in speckle contrast with respect to the change in the distance from the beam waist position of the light beam condensed by the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12 based on the calculation result.
- the characteristic data shown is created, and the created characteristic data is held in the lookup table means 8.
- the characteristic data relating to the actual projection surface 12 is held in the look-up table means 8, so that the distance from the position of the beam waist of the light beam collected by the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12. Can be calculated more accurately. As long as the object to be the projection surface 12 is not changed to another object, the characteristic data can be used repeatedly.
- the characteristic data may be created for each type of the object to be the projection surface 12. In this case, in the distance measuring device, it is necessary to perform an input operation for selecting characteristic data after activation.
- characteristic data relating to the screen may be held in the lookup table means 8 in advance.
- the present invention can be applied not only to raster scanning but also to vector scanning.
- the means (distance measuring device and distance measuring method) for calculating the distance from the variable focus lens 2 to the projection surface 12 based on the speckle contrast is a main component for realizing the projection image device of the present invention. It is one of the new configurations, and provides a new configuration by itself.
- the laser light source is used as the illumination means for the detected object (surface), and the distance of the detected object (surface) is measured from the lookup table means.
- One aspect of the distance measuring device includes a variable focus lens capable of changing a focal length, a scanning unit that scans a detection surface with a light beam condensed by the variable focus lens, and a scan performed by the light beam.
- An imaging unit that images the detection surface
- a speckle contrast calculation unit that calculates a speckle contrast indicating a degree of speckle generated on the detection surface based on image data from the imaging unit
- the variable focus A characteristic indicating a change in the speckle contrast with respect to a change in the distance from the position of the beam waist of the light beam collected by the variable focus lens to the detected surface for each of a plurality of different focal lengths set in the lens.
- Data is stored, and it is set at the time of imaging by the imaging means with reference to the stored characteristic data.
- Lookup table means for acquiring a distance from the variable focus lens to the detection surface based on a focal length of the variable focus lens and a speckle contrast value calculated by the speckle contrast calculation means. .
- the surface to be detected is scanned with the light beam collected by the variable focus lens capable of changing the focal length, and the surface to be detected scanned by the light beam is scanned.
- the speckle contrast indicating the degree of speckle generated on the detected surface is calculated, and each of a plurality of different focal lengths set in the variable focus lens Referring to a table holding characteristic data indicating changes in the speckle contrast with respect to changes in the distance from the position of the beam waist of the light beam collected by the variable focus lens to the detection surface.
- the variable focus lens is used. From said lens to calculate the distance to the surface to be detected.
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Abstract
Description
焦点距離を変えることが可能な可変焦点レンズと、
前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームで被投射面を走査する走査手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズから前記被投射面までの距離を測定する距離測定手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離が前記距離測定手段にて測定された距離よりも長くなるように前記可変焦点レンズを制御する制御手段を有する。
焦点距離を変えることが可能な可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームで被投射面を走査して画像を表示する画像投射方法であって、
前記可変焦点レンズから前記被投射面までの距離を測定し、該測定された距離よりも長い焦点距離を前記可変焦点レンズに設定する。
3 走査手段
4 制御手段
5 撮像手段
5a 画像センサ
5b 撮像レンズ
6 画像メモリ
7 スペックルコントラスト算出手段
7a 画像平均算出手段
7b 画像標準偏差算出手段
7c 除算手段
8 ルックアップテーブル手段
9 距離測定手段
図3は、本発明の第1の実施形態である画像投射装置の主要部の構成を示す模式図である。
図7は、本発明の第2の実施形態である画像投射装置の主要部の構成を示す模式図である。
図8は、本発明の第3の実施形態である画像投射装置の主要部の構成を示す模式図である。
Claims (12)
- 焦点距離を変えることが可能な可変焦点レンズと、
前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームで被投射面を走査する走査手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズから前記被投射面までの距離を測定する距離測定手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離が前記距離測定手段にて測定された距離よりも長くなるように前記可変焦点レンズを制御する制御手段を有する画像投射装置。 - 前記距離測定手段は、
前記走査手段からの光ビームによって前記被投射面に表示された表示画像を撮像する撮像手段と、
前記撮像手段からの画像データに基づいて、前記被投射面で生じたスペックルの度合いを示すスペックルコントラストを算出するスペックルコントラスト算出手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズに設定される異なる複数の焦点距離のそれぞれについて、前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームのビームウェストの位置から前記被投射面までの距離の変化に対する前記スペックルコントラストの変化を示す特性データを保持しており、該保持した特性データを参照し、前記撮像手段による撮像時に設定されていた前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離と、前記スペックルコントラスト算出手段にて算出したスペックルコントラストの値とに基づいて、前記可変焦点レンズから前記被投射面までの距離を取得するルックアップテーブル手段を有する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 前記スペックルコントラスト算出手段は、
前記撮像手段からの画像データに基づいて前記表示画像の各画素の値の平均値を算出する画像平均算出手段と、
前記撮像手段からの画像データに基づいて前記各画素の値の標準偏差を算出する画像標準偏差算出手段と、
前記画像標準偏差算出手段にて算出された標準偏差の値を前記画像平均算出手段にて算出した平均値で割った値を前記スペックルコントラストとして出力する除算手段を有する、請求の範囲第2項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 第1の偏光成分の光を透過し、前記第1の偏光成分とは異なる第2の偏光成分の光を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタと、
前記偏光ビームスプリッタを介して前記第1の偏光成分の光ビームを前記可変焦点レンズに供給するレーザ光源を、さらに有し、
前記偏光ビームスプリッタは、前記可変焦点レンズから入射した光ビームのうち、前記第2の偏光成分の光を前記撮像手段へ向けて反射する、請求の範囲第2項または第3項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 前記距離測定手段は、
前記走査手段からの光ビームが前記被投射面で反射された反射光を検出し、該反射光の強度の変化を示す時系列の強度信号を出力する光検出手段と、
前記光検出手段から出力された時系列の強度信号に基づいて、前記被投射面で生じたスペックルの度合いを示すスペックルコントラストを算出するスペックルコントラスト算出手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズに設定される異なる複数の焦点距離のそれぞれについて、前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームのビームウェストの位置から前記被投射面までの距離の変化に対する前記スペックルコントラストの変化を示す特性データを保持しており、該保持した特性データを参照し、前記光検出手段による反射光の検出時に設定されていた前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離と、前記スペックルコントラスト算出手段にて算出したスペックルコントラストの値とに基づいて、前記可変焦点レンズから前記被投射面までの距離を取得するルックアップテーブル手段を有する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 前記スペックルコントラスト算出手段は、
前記光検出手段からの時系列の強度信号の値を2乗する第1の2乗回路と、
前記第1の2乗回路の出力信号の所定時間あたりの平均値を算出する第1の積分回路と、
前記光検出手段からの時系列の強度信号の前記所定時間あたりの平均値を算出する第2の積分回路と、
前記第2の積分回路の出力信号の値を2乗する第2の2乗回路と、
前記第1の積分回路から出力された前記時系列の強度信号の2乗の時間平均の値から前記第2の2乗回路から出力された前記時系列の強度信号の時間平均の2乗の値を減算する減算回路と、
前記減算回路の出力値を前記第2の2乗回路から出力された前記時系列の強度信号の時間平均の2乗の値で割った値を前記スペックルコントラストの2乗の値として出力する除算器を有する、請求の範囲第5項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 第1の偏光成分の光を透過し、前記第1の偏光成分とは異なる第2の偏光成分の光を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタと、
前記偏光ビームスプリッタを介して前記第1の偏光成分の光ビームを前記可変焦点レンズに供給するレーザ光源を、さらに有し、
前記偏光ビームスプリッタは、前記可変焦点レンズから入射した光ビームのうち、前記第2の偏光成分の光を前記光検出手段へ向けて反射する、請求の範囲第5項または第6項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 前記走査手段は、
前記可変焦点レンズからの光ビームを第1の方向に沿って走査する第1の走査手段と、
前記第1の走査手段からの光ビームを前記第1の方向と交差する第2の方向に沿って走査する第2の走査手段を有し、
前記所定時間が、前記第1の走査手段による前記第1の方向の走査線1本分の走査時間の半分の時間である、請求の範囲第5項から第7項のいずれか1項に記載の画像投射装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離とレーリー長との対応関係を示すレーリー長対応情報を保持しており、前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離を変更する場合に、前記レーリー長対応情報を参照し、変更後の焦点距離と前記距離測定手段で取得した距離との差分がその変更後の焦点距離におけるレーリー長により規定される範囲内になるように、前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離を決定する、請求の範囲第1項から第8項のいずれか1項に記載の画像投射装置。
- 焦点距離を変えることが可能な可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームで被投射面を走査して画像を表示する画像投射方法であって、
前記可変焦点レンズから前記被投射面までの距離を測定し、該測定された距離よりも長い焦点距離を前記可変焦点レンズに設定する、画像投射方法。 - 焦点距離を変えることが可能な可変焦点レンズと、
前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームで被検出面を走査する走査手段と、
前記光ビームによって走査された被検出面を撮像する撮像手段と、
前記撮像手段からの画像データに基づいて、前記被検出面で生じたスペックルの度合いを示すスペックルコントラストを算出するスペックルコントラスト算出手段と、
前記可変焦点レンズに設定される異なる複数の焦点距離のそれぞれについて、前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームのビームウェストの位置から前記被検出面までの距離の変化に対する前記スペックルコントラストの変化を示す特性データを保持しており、該保持した特性データを参照し、前記撮像手段による撮像時に設定されていた前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離と、前記スペックルコントラスト算出手段にて算出したスペックルコントラストの値とに基づいて、前記可変焦点レンズから前記被検出面までの距離を取得するルックアップテーブル手段を有する、距離測定装置。 - 焦点距離を変えることが可能な可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームで被検出面を走査して、該光ビームによって走査された被検出面を撮像し、
前記撮像により得られた画像データに基づいて、前記被検出面で生じたスペックルの度合いを示すスペックルコントラストを算出し、
前記可変焦点レンズに設定される異なる複数の焦点距離のそれぞれについて、前記可変焦点レンズによって集光された光ビームのビームウェストの位置から前記被検出面までの距離の変化に対する前記スペックルコントラストの変化を示す特性データを保持したテーブルを参照し、前記撮像時に設定されていた前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離と、算出した前記スペックルコントラストの値とに基づいて、前記可変焦点レンズから前記被検出面までの距離を計算する、距離測定方法。
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WO2013157607A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-24 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | ズームレンズ |
JP2014032371A (ja) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-20 | Oxide Corp | スペックルコントラスト発生器及びスペックルコントラスト評価装置 |
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Also Published As
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US20120200832A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
CN102648431B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
CN102648431A (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
US9195115B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
JPWO2011046035A1 (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
JP5729304B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
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