WO2011026259A1 - 用于抗血栓性疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

用于抗血栓性疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2011026259A1
WO2011026259A1 PCT/CN2009/001009 CN2009001009W WO2011026259A1 WO 2011026259 A1 WO2011026259 A1 WO 2011026259A1 CN 2009001009 W CN2009001009 W CN 2009001009W WO 2011026259 A1 WO2011026259 A1 WO 2011026259A1
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timosaponin
pharmaceutical composition
group
present
ethanol
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PCT/CN2009/001009
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马百平
从玉文
康利平
高月
谭大维
熊呈琦
赵阳
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中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所
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Application filed by 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所 filed Critical 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所
Priority to JP2012527172A priority Critical patent/JP5606532B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2009/001009 priority patent/WO2011026259A1/zh
Priority to US13/394,375 priority patent/US20120316122A1/en
Priority to EP09848864.6A priority patent/EP2476422B1/en
Priority to KR1020127008858A priority patent/KR101667224B1/ko
Publication of WO2011026259A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011026259A1/zh
Priority to HK12107753.8A priority patent/HK1167085A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/58Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7034Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
    • A61K31/704Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/896Liliaceae (Lily family), e.g. daylily, plantain lily, Hyacinth or narcissus
    • A61K36/8964Anemarrhena
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • composition for anti-thrombotic disease preparation method and use thereof
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for anti-thrombotic diseases, a preparation method and use thereof, and particularly to a pharmaceutical composition comprising timosaponin and timosaponin BII, a preparation method thereof and preparation for use in preparation Use in medicines for the prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases.
  • thrombosis is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in many patients with myocardial infarction and stroke. It is also an aggravating factor for some important diseases such as diabetes and vasculitis.
  • Antithrombotic therapy is one of the main treatments for these diseases. Inhibition of platelet aggregation, anticoagulation and thrombolysis are the three major themes of the treatment of thrombotic diseases. Among them, antiplatelet aggregation therapy is the most widely used, and the curative effect is outstanding. The development of related drugs is also the most active.
  • the mother of Chinese medicine is the genus Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., the perennial herb of the Liliaceae family.
  • the main component is steroidal saponins. So far, the literature reports that it has been isolated and identified from Zhimu. Dozens of saponins and sapogenins; followed by flavonoids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and fatty acids.
  • BII timosaponin and guanidine
  • the timosaponin ⁇ Ma Baiping reported that the monomeric compound timosaponin can significantly improve the neurological symptoms of rats with focal cerebral ischemia, reduce the extent of cerebral infarction, reduce the degree of cerebral edema, and significantly improve the blood rheology and alleviation of model animals. Inflammatory damage caused by cerebral ischemia, etc., can be used to prevent stroke (brain stroke) (invention patent application, application number 200410037347.X).
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition mainly comprising timosaponin and timosaponin for preventing or treating a thrombotic disease.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • the inventors of the present invention have discovered and confirmed for the first time through years of painstaking research that the combination of timosaponin AIII and timosaponin BII is used for antithrombotic diseases, as long as the content of timosaponin is greater than or equal to the content of timosaponin.
  • the composition can alleviate the bleeding or bleeding tendency normally possessed by antithrombotic agents while producing a satisfactory antithrombotic effect. Based on this finding, the inventors completed the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a thrombotic disease comprising an effective amount of timosaponin and timosaponin, with or without one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, It is characterized in that the content of the timosaponin AIII is greater than or equal to the content of the timosaponin BII.
  • both timosaponin AIII and timosaponin are used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention in the form of an extract of timosaponin.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain only an effective amount of an extract containing timosaponin and an extract containing timosaponin, and may not use a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
  • an timosaponin in the pharmaceutical composition of the invention, an timosaponin
  • the weight ratio of AIII to timosaponin is from 1:1 to 10:1.
  • the weight ratio of timosaponin to timosaponin in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is from 2:1 to 5:1.
  • the weight ratio of timosaponin AIII to timosaponin in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is 3:1.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, which comprises mixing a desired amount of an extract of timosaponin and an extract of timosaponin, and optionally, without adding excipients.
  • a pharmaceutical excipient may be added and then the desired formulation may be prepared using suitable methods.
  • a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises mixing a desired amount of an timosaponin AIII monomer compound and a timosaponin monomer compound, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and then using appropriate The method is prepared into the desired preparation.
  • a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the steps of:
  • the component is transformed with an enzyme or microorganism selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -glucanase, ⁇ -glucosidase, pectinase, cellulase, amygdalase, and Aspergillus niger for a sufficiently long period of time, and the transformation solution is centrifuged to obtain Infant secondary saponins;
  • the method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the steps of:
  • the present invention provides the use of timosaponin and timosaponin in the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating a thrombotic disease, wherein the content of timosaponin in the prepared medicament is greater than or equal to an imaginary mother The content of saponin.
  • the weight ratio of timosaponin to timosaponin in the prepared drug is from 1:1 to 10:1.
  • the weight ratio of timosaponin to timosaponin is from 2:1 to 5:1 in the prepared drug. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of timosaponin to timosaponin is 3:1 in the prepared drug.
  • the thrombotic disease and thrombosis-related diseases include, for example, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, cerebral thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, diabetes, and vasculitis.
  • the "effective amount” referred to in the present application means the amount of the target for clinical prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases when the combination of the timosaponin AIII and the timosaponin BII is used in combination.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be easily formulated into various dosage forms by various conventional methods in the art, such as oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions and Granules, etc.; parenteral dosage forms, such as injections, ointments, patches, and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used by various administration routes in the art.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention or a preparation thereof can be administered to a patient in need thereof by oral or parenteral administration or the like.
  • the daily oral dose per person is about 150 mg to 450 mg, for example about 300 mg.
  • timosaponin can significantly inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, enhance the anti-platelet aggregation of PGE1, and have obvious antithrombotic activity in vivo; and timosaponin can not inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, but can dilate blood vessels, body It can improve blood rheology and reduce the adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, in the present invention, a certain proportion of the mixture of the timosaponin and the timosaponin BII has a combination of different action mechanisms and targets, and can obtain an anti-thrombotic effect in vivo, but has the advantage of bleeding tendency.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can alleviate the bleeding or bleeding tendency of a patient while exerting the action of preventing or treating a thrombotic disease.
  • Figure 1 is a plot of the lethal time scatter distribution of collagen injected into the tail vein of each group.
  • Figure 2 is a scatter plot of tail vein bleeding time in each group of mice.
  • the timosaponin and BII monomer compounds are prepared according to known methods (Acta Pharmacy 1996; 31(4): 271-277; Chem Pharm Bull, 1963, 11: 1221), and the purity of both compounds is greater than 98.5%.
  • Wistar rats, male, weighing 280-320 g, Kunming mice, male, weighing 22-24 g, were provided by the Animal Feeding Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences.
  • Adrenaline was purchased from Beijing Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Collagen is a laboratory-made rat tail collagen.
  • PBS was purchased from Tianwei Times.
  • Heparin was purchased from Sigma, and saline was purchased from Linyi Pharmaceutical Factory in Shandong. Aspirin, Shijiazhuang Pharmaceutical Group Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, aspirin group (ASP, 40 mg/Kg), AIII group (40 mg/K), and sputum group (40 mg/Kg) > 1 to 1 group. (weight ratio of strontium to barium, 40 mg/kg), group 1 to group 3 (weight ratio of AIII to BII, 40 mg/kg), group 3 to group 1 (weight ratio of AIII to strontium, 40 mg/kg).
  • the drug was administered by continuous gavage for seven days, once a day, and the experiment was started one hour after the seventh day of administration.
  • the control group was given the same volume of physiological saline.
  • Wistar rats 1 hour after the 7th day of administration, sodium pentobarbital (40 ⁇ 60 mg/k) was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection, blood was taken from the heart, and anticoagulated with 3.8% sodium citrate (1:9 by volume). .
  • the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was separated by centrifugation at 800 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature to separate platelet-poor plasma (PPP).
  • Count with F-820 blood cell counter adjust PRP concentration to S.OxlO 11 /! ⁇ with PIT
  • Chronolog platelet aggregation instrument detection The platelet suspension concentration was adjusted to S.OXIOU/L with plasma, the platelet accumulator was turned on and pre-warmed for 30 minutes, and the light transmittance was adjusted to 100% with a PPP blank control. Take 450 L of platelet suspension, add stir bar 37 ⁇ pre-warmed for 3 minutes, add inducer ( 50 ) ADP reagent (final concentration of 20 ⁇ ), then record the pattern for 5 minutes, read for 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and The largest aggregation rate.
  • the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 2% sodium pentobarbital solution (30-40 mg/kg), fixed in the supine position, and the right common carotid artery and left external jugular vein were separated.
  • Three polyethylene tubes were connected and one end was inserted into the right.
  • the common carotid artery was inserted into the left external jugular vein at the other end.
  • the polyethylene tube at both ends was filled with 25 u/mL heparin (with a new saline solution), and the middle segment was 10 cm long.
  • a 7 cm operation was performed with a length of 8 cm. Line (weighed), the tube is filled with normal saline (note: no air bubbles), establish an arteriovenous bypass.
  • the cannula was removed, the thrombus was removed, and the wet filter paper was rolled to remove excess floating blood, and the weighed sulfuric acid paper was weighed. Then, it was baked in an oven at 60 ° C for 1 h to constant weight, and the weight of the thrombus was weighed by cooling.
  • mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, aspirin group (40 mg/Kg), BII group (40 mg/K), AIII group (40 mg/Kg), and 1:1 group (weight ratio of bismuth to BII, 40 mg/K), 1 to 3 groups (weight ratio of AIII to BII, 40 mg/Kg), 3 to 1 group (weight ratio of strontium to barium, 40 mg/Kg).
  • the drug was administered by continuous gavage for five days, twice a day, and the experiment was started one hour after the sixth day of administration.
  • the control group was given the same volume of physiological saline.
  • the ratio of all drugs is ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • mice were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40-60 mg/Kg), placed on a warm and comfortable mat, and the tail tip was cut at a diameter of 2.25-2.5 mm on the tail of the mouse, and immediately placed.
  • PBS 37 °C
  • start timing The hemostasis time and rebleeding were observed within 10 minutes, and the volume of bleeding in the mice was estimated by the amount of hemoglobin. No bleeding was stopped within 10 minutes, and hemostasis was stopped. The bleeding time was recorded as 600 seconds.
  • mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, aspirin group (40 mg/Kg), BII group (40 mg/K), AIII group (40 mg/Kg), 1:1 group (40 mg/Kg), 1 Compared with the 3 groups (weight ratio of AIII to BII, 40 mg/Kg), 3 to 1 group (weight ratio of bismuth to BII, 40 mg/Kg).
  • the drug was administered by continuous gavage for five days, twice a day, and the experiment was started one hour after the sixth day of administration.
  • the control group was given the same volume of physiological saline.
  • mice After the mice were fixed on a mouse mount, a thrombus agent consisting of collagen (0.5 mg/kg) and epinephrine (60 ug/kg) was injected into the tail vein. The symptoms, symptoms, and time of death of the mice were observed within 10 minutes, and deaths of more than 10 minutes were considered as survival.
  • a thrombus agent consisting of collagen (0.5 mg/kg) and epinephrine (60 ug/kg) was injected into the tail vein. The symptoms, symptoms, and time of death of the mice were observed within 10 minutes, and deaths of more than 10 minutes were considered as survival.
  • the mean time to death in the control group was 129.3 ⁇ 26.9 seconds, whereas the time to death of animals given BII and AIII alone was significantly longer, 259.1 ⁇ 169.9 seconds and 237.9 ⁇ 125.1 seconds, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group.
  • the death time of the animals combined with the two drugs was also prolonged to some extent compared with the control group, but except for the group of 3 to 1, the effect was not as good as that of the simple drug group.
  • the death time and survival rate of the animals in the 3 to 1 group were similar to those in the simple administration group, indicating that sputum plays a leading role in the combined administration.
  • the specific survival rate and death time of each group are shown in Table 3 and Figure 1.
  • Table 3 The drug combination of the present invention is administered to the tail vein of the mouse
  • Control group 15 129.3 ⁇ 26.9
  • the mean hemostasis time of the control group was 88.9 ⁇ 45.9 seconds. Compared with the control group, the bleeding time of the administration group was significantly prolonged. The average hemostasis time of the positive control aspirin group was 277.4 ⁇ 188.5 seconds, which was significantly different from the normal control group. The average hemostasis time of sputum and sputum was greater than that of the positive control drug, indicating that the timosaponin BII and sputum had obvious bleeding tendency when administered alone. Compared with the control group, the bleeding time of the combined administration was also prolonged, but the bleeding volume was significantly less than that of the simple administration group and the aspirin group.
  • timosaponin has a significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation
  • timosaponin BII has a significant vasodilator effect.
  • timosaponin inhibited platelet aggregation activity in rats and had the strongest anti-rat arteriovenous bypass thrombosis, and the sputum was weak, and the different combinations of timosaponin also had anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects.
  • a 3:1 combination of timosaponins AIII and BII is particularly, a 3:1 combination of timosaponins AIII and BII.
  • the anti-platelet aggregation of the timosaponin and the vasodilating timosaponin BH can significantly prolong the survival time of the model mice, improve the survival rate of the model mice, but small
  • the tail-tailing experiment showed that the two compounds were prolonged in tail vein bleeding and the bleeding volume was increased.
  • the combination of timosaponin and sputum 3:1 also had antithrombotic effect comparable to that of single administration, tail vein bleeding.
  • the time is prolonged, the bleeding volume is significantly reduced.
  • the other proportions of timosaponin combined with tail vein bleeding time and bleeding volume are reduced, the antithrombotic activity is also significantly reduced.
  • Wistar rats male, weighing 280-320 g, white rabbit, female, weight 2-2.5
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention which was a white powder, was prepared according to the method described in Example 15.
  • Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA:), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are products of Sigma; Ristomycin and adrenaline are purchased from Biopool.
  • Sodium pentobarbital (30 ⁇ 40 mg/kg) was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection, and blood was taken from the heart; female rabbits with large ears, in the quiet state, blood was taken from the middle ear artery, and 3.8% of the acid was taken immediately after the blood was taken.
  • Sodium (volume ratio 1:9) is anticoagulated.
  • the blood was centrifuged at 800 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and the upper platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was taken and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature to obtain the upper platelet-poor plasma (PPP).
  • the cells were counted by an F-820 blood cell counter, and the PRP concentration was 3.0 x 10"/L with PPP.
  • Chronolog platelet aggregation instrument detection The platelet suspension concentration was adjusted to S.OxlOU/L with plasma, the platelet aggregation instrument was turned on, and the light transmittance was adjusted to 100% with a blank control. Take 450 ⁇ L of platelet suspension, pre-warmed for 3 minutes at 37 °C with a stir bar, and add various inducers (50 ⁇ ): ADP reagent (final concentration 20 ⁇ ), AA (final concentration 80 ⁇ ), Rees Tocomycin (final concentration 1.2 mg/mL), epinephrine (final concentration 10 ⁇ ), and then recorded for 5 minutes, read 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and maximum aggregation rate.
  • inducers 50 ⁇
  • the drug composition of the present invention inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats.
  • 10 g/mL of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can significantly inhibit the aggregation of rat platelets, and the inhibitory effect is remarkably enhanced as the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is increased, and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention 50 g/mL completely inhibited the aggregation of rat platelets.
  • the IC 50 value of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for inhibiting rat platelet aggregation was calculated by statistical processing to be 26.92 ⁇ 4.75 g / mL. Table 5.
  • Rabbit is one of the commonly used animals for antithrombotic drug research. This experiment observed the inhibitory effect of different doses of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention on rabbit platelet aggregation. Result list
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention of lO g/mL can inhibit the maximum aggregation rate of rabbit platelets induced by ADP to 23%, and the inhibitory effect is remarkably enhanced as the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is increased, the present invention
  • the pharmaceutical composition 60 g/mL inhibited the maximum aggregation rate of rabbit platelets to 80%.
  • the IC 5 o value of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for inhibiting platelet aggregation in rabbits was 16.1 ⁇ 2.1 g / mL. Table 6.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention inhibits platelet aggregation of macaques
  • the genetic background of macaques is closest to humans, and the inhibition of the platelet aggregation of macaques by the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is continuously observed.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can inhibit the maximum aggregation rate of ADP-induced macaque platelets to 13%, and the inhibitory effect is remarkably enhanced as the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is increased, and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be 150 g/mL.
  • the maximum aggregation rate of rhesus monkey platelets was inhibited to 90%.
  • the IC 50 value of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for inhibiting platelet aggregation of macaques was calculated by statistical processing to be 79.16 ⁇ 5.31 g/mL. It can be seen that the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention inhibits the IC 5 o value of macaque platelets significantly higher than that of rabbits and rats. Table 7.
  • ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention
  • ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention
  • ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention
  • ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention
  • ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention 20-25 g/mL is effective for inhibiting platelet aggregation caused by the above inducer, and the inhibitory effect is remarkably enhanced as the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is increased, and the pharmaceutical composition 150 of the present invention -300 g/mL completely inhibits human platelet aggregation caused by the above inducer.
  • the IC 5 o values of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for inhibiting human platelet aggregation caused by different inducers are shown in Table 12.
  • ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention ADP 20 ⁇ + drug group of the present invention
  • composition 50 pg/mL
  • composition 200 pg/mL
  • composition 400 pg/mL
  • compositions of the invention induce epinephrine to humans
  • Adrenalin 10 ⁇ 13.67 ⁇ 3.87 44.33 ⁇ 1.53 50.67 ⁇ 1.53 55.67 ⁇ 1.15 Adrenaline + Drug group of the present invention
  • Adrenalin + drug group of the invention Adrenalin + drug group of the invention
  • Adrenalin + drug group of the invention Adrenalin + drug group of the invention
  • Adrenalin + drug group of the invention Adrenalin + drug group of the invention
  • Adrenalin + drug group of the invention Adrenalin + drug group of the invention
  • the timosaponin BII and AIII compositions were prepared according to the method described in Example 5.
  • Heparin purchased from Sigma, USA.
  • Saline purchased from Beijing Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Aspirin Shijiazhuang Pharmaceutical Group Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • the clotting time (PT, ⁇ and ⁇ ) kits were purchased from Shanghai Sun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely, blank control group, aspirin 40 mg/kg group, pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/k group, each group of animals.
  • the rats were administered by continuous intragastric administration for seven days, once a day, and the administration volume was 10 mL/kg.
  • the surgery was performed 1 hour after the seventh day of administration, and the blank control group was given an equal volume of distilled water.
  • Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 2% sodium pentobarbital solution (30-40 mg/kg), fixed in supine position, and the right common carotid artery and left external jugular vein were separated. Three polyethylene tubes were connected and one end was inserted into the right. The common carotid artery was inserted into the left external jugular vein at the other end. The polyethylene tube at both ends was filled with 25 u/mL heparin (using a new saline solution), and the middle section was 10 cm long. The "H : ⁇ is 8 cm long 7 # ⁇ (weighed), the tube is filled with normal saline (note: no air bubbles), establish an arteriovenous bypass.
  • Wistar male rats 1 hour after the 7th day, sodium pentobarbital (30 ⁇ 40) Mg/kg was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection, blood was taken from the heart, and anticoagulated with 3.8% sodium citrate (1:9 by volume). After centrifugation at 800 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, the upper platelet-rich plasma (PP) was taken and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature to obtain the upper platelet-poor plasma (PP). Count with F-820 blood cell counter, adjust PRP concentration with PP to S.OxlO 11 /! ⁇
  • Chronolog platelet aggregation instrument detection The platelet suspension concentration was adjusted to OxlO ⁇ /L with plasma, the platelet aggregation instrument was turned on, and the light transmittance was adjusted to 100% with PPP as a blank control. Take 450 L of platelet suspension, add a stir bar at 37 ° C for 3 minutes, add the inducer (50 L) ADP reagent (final concentration of 20 ⁇ ), then record the 5 minute pattern, read for 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and the maximum aggregation rate.
  • kit instructions After taking blood and separating plasma, refer to the kit instructions.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered orally at a dose of 40, 20 and 10 mg/kg, once daily, aspirin 40 mg/Kg is a positive control, and the seventh day after administration, the neck-vein is administered.
  • Road thrombosis experiment. The results showed that the dry weight and wet weight of the thrombus in the high-dose group and the middle-dose group of the present invention were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the decrease was most significant in the high-dose group.
  • the thrombus weight in the low-dose group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant difference. difference.
  • the aspirin-positive control group had a slightly higher thrombus and wet weight than the high-dose group, and there was a significant difference compared with the control group.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered in the same manner and in the same manner as in the third part.
  • the blood is taken from the heart seven days after the administration of the rat, and the ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate and clotting time (PT, ⁇ and ⁇ ) are detected in the same batch.
  • the results showed that the platelet aggregation rate of the three dose groups of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was significantly lower than that of the control group, and had a certain dose effect.
  • the platelet aggregation rate in the aspirin group was lower than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference.
  • Normal control group 8 24.84 ⁇ 1.45 17.74 ⁇ 1.55 28.37 ⁇ 0.90
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention 40 mg/kg 8 24.91 ⁇ 1.46 16.85 ⁇ 1.11 27.34 ⁇ 1.58
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a rat with focal cerebral ischemia
  • ischemic cerebrovascular disease mainly cerebral thrombosis
  • active treatment measures are expected to minimize damage.
  • most patients with cerebral ischemia occur in a quiet state such as sleep, and the sequelae such as hemiplegia and aphasia are not treated in time due to transportation, imaging examination, etc., so the treatment intervention for the subacute phase and early recovery of cerebral ischemia appears. especially important.
  • This experiment is intended to pass the middle cerebral artery occlusion of rats (middle cerebral Artery occlusion, MCAO) model, in the subacute phase of pathological changes: 3-14 days after ischemia, the composition of the present invention is administered to investigate the effect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention on motor function of rats with cerebral ischemia injury, It provides a certain experimental basis for the rational use of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention in clinical practice.
  • MCAO middle cerebral Artery occlusion
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6.
  • Rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate 0.15g/kg intraperitoneally, fixed in supine position, routinely disinfected skin, median neck incision, separation of right common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery, threading spare, ligation of external carotid artery With the common carotid artery, after clamping the distal end of the internal carotid artery with an artery clamp, make a mouth at the bifurcation of the external carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. Insert a smooth nylon thread (0.25 mm in diameter) from the incision into the head.
  • the diameter of the head end is 0.27 mm, which is marked at 18 mm from the head.)
  • the line is stopped and the ischemic time is recorded.
  • the insertion depth is about 18 mm, and the middle cerebral artery occlusion leads to cerebral ischemia.
  • fix the nylon thread suture the muscles and skin layer by layer, and disinfect.
  • the nylon thread end was gently pulled out to the near incision to achieve reperfusion.
  • the sham operation group only exposed and separated the right common carotid artery. Maintain room temperature during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion 23 . C, regular caged feeding.
  • Rats with neurological symptoms 1 - 3 were divided into 5 groups: model group; pharmaceutical composition of the invention 15 mg/kg (low), 30 mg/kg (middle), 60 mg/kg (high) administration group; Angong Niuhuang Pills (please specify the manufacturer and its batch number) 400 mg/kg as a positive control group. Sham operation and model group were given an equal amount of 0.5% CMC solution. It was administered orally 3 days to 14 days after surgery, once a day.
  • the crossbar is 2.0 cm wide, 120 cm long and 1 cm thick. It is suspended horizontally at a distance of 80 cm from the ground. One end of the crossbar is connected to a cassette (length 25 cm, width 22 cm, height 18 cm), and the rats are encouraged to pass through the crossbar into the cassette. .
  • Rats can not stay on the crossbar, 0 points; rats can stay on the crossbar but do not move, 1 point; the rat tries to pass, but falls from the crossbar, 2 points; the rat walks on the crossbar, but the injury The number of hind limbs slipped more than 50%, 3 points; more than 1 time but less than 50%, 4 points; only slipped once, 5 points; passed smoothly, 6 points. Training for 2 days before ischemia, let the rats learn to walk through the crossbar. The detection was performed at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after ischemia as observation time points.
  • the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10% chloral hydrate (0.35 g/kg), and were intubated through the left ventricle with 37-degree saline and pre-cooled 4% paraformaldehyde phosphate buffer (pH 7. 2) Perfusion, the rat was broken and the brain was decapitated, soaked in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 24 hours, routinely dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and taken from the previous 2.2 mm-anterior iliac 1.7 mm tissue block, continuous coronal position Slice, slice 3 ⁇ thick.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg administration group, Angong Niuhuang Pill group can promote the recovery of walking ability of rats, compared with the model group, I ⁇ 0.05 after 4 days after surgery, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 01. Effect of pharmaceutical composition of the invention on walking ability of rats in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
  • the tactile sensitivity and fine motor performance of the ischemic contralateral forelimbs in the ischemic rats were significantly reduced. Although they gradually recovered during the observation period, the index was still significantly lower than the normal group after 14 days.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg of the administration group significantly shortened the incubation period of the rats to remove the tape, P ⁇ 0.05.
  • the cortical motor sensation area and the new striatum nerve cells were degenerated and necrotic, arranged in disorder, the nucleus of the membrane was unclear, the nucleus was condensed and deep-stained, the cell body shrunk, the neuron density decreased, and the neuron was lost. Obviously, the interstitial is loose and sieved.
  • the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg administration groups the Angong Niuhuang Pill group had a significantly increased number of neurons compared with the model group, and the denatured necrotic tissue was smaller and less severe.
  • compositions of the invention for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat cortex for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat cortex
  • VEGF-positive neurons and endothelial cells cerebral ischemia rats, cortical and striatum infarct area showed a large number of neurons, Shield Shield cells and endothelial cells were VEGF-positive, scattered or clustered CD34-positive
  • the cells and their formed capillaries are distributed in the peri-infarct region and extend to the infarct central region.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg administration group, Angong Niuhuang Pill group and the model group: VEGF expression increased significantly, and the number of blood vessels increased significantly; ⁇ 0.05, P ⁇ 0.01.
  • composition of the present invention can accelerate the recovery of motor sensory function after focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and its possible mechanism is to promote the expression of VEGF in the brain and the regeneration of microvessels.
  • Example 5 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
  • the fresh rhizome of Zhimu was 3 Kg, sliced, soaked in 70% ethanol 8 L for 1 hour, extracted by reflux, filtered, and the residue was extracted twice with 70% ethanol 6 L reflux. The extracts were combined, ethanol was recovered, and concentrated to 10 L under reduced pressure.
  • the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin SP825 (Mitsubishi, Japan) was packed in a column (4 L) and the water was equilibrated. The concentrate was filtered, and the filtrate was passed through a color column, which was washed successively with 4 BV (4 column volumes) of water and 4 BV of 20% ethanol, and then eluted with 4 BV of 70% ethanol and 3 BV of 95% ethanol.
  • the content of timosaponin in the total saponins was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 58.7 %, and the content of saponins in crude saponins was 55.4%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was obtained by uniformly mixing 80 g of the original total saponin and 210 g of crude mash.
  • the content of timosaponin and strontium was determined by HPLC-ELSD external standard two-point method to be 40.9 % and 16.1%, and the content of total timosaponin was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry to be 82.7 %.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention Preparation Chinese medicine Zhimu decoction pieces 6 Kg, properly pulverized, add 48 L of water, soak for 1 hour, heat to cook for 1 hour, filter; the dregs are added with water 36 L for 2 times, and filtered. The filtrate was combined, concentrated to 30 L under reduced pressure, and then filtered.
  • the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin SP700 (Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan) was packed in a column (18 L) and the water was equilibrated. The spare supernatant was passed through a well-balanced SF700 resin column with water balance. The extract concentrate was filtered, the filtrate was applied, and the impurities were removed by washing with water.
  • the contents of the total saponins and secondary saponins in the total saponins and saponins were determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 52.6% and 66.3 %, respectively.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing 75 g of the original total saponin and 180 g of the secondary total saponin.
  • the content of timosaponin and BII was determined by HPLC-ELSD external standard two-point method to be 47.1% and 15.6%, and the content of total timosaponin was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry to be 88.5 %.
  • Example 7 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
  • the mother must be 8 Kg, cut into the mouth, add 48 L of 60% ethanol, soak for 1 hour, reflux for 1 hour, and filter; the residue is added with 60% ethanol 48 L reflux and extracted twice.
  • the filtrate was combined, and ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure to 20 L, and ethanol was added to a concentration of 30%, which was allowed to stand overnight.
  • the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin SP700 (Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan) was packed in a column (10 L) and equilibrated with 30% ethanol.
  • the solution was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate, and the precipitate was placed in an oven for 8 hours to dry for 6 hours to obtain a secondary saponin of 119 g.
  • the content of timosaponin BII and strontium in the total saponins was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 19.2% and 32.6%, and the content of timosaponin in the secondary total saponins was 61.3%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing 100 g of the total saponins and 100 g of the secondary saponins.
  • Chinese medicine Zhimu decoction pieces 6 Kg properly pulverized, add 48 L of water, soak for 1 hour, heat for 1 hour, filter; the dregs add 36 L of water and cook twice. Combine the extracts, concentrate to 30 L under reduced pressure, add ethanol to a concentration of 30%, shake and place overnight. Centrifuge and the supernatant is ready for use.
  • the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin (Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan) was packed in a column (18 L) and equilibrated with 30% ethanol.
  • the spare supernatant was passed through a well-balanced HP20 resin column, washed with 4 BV of 30% ethanol, and then eluted with 4 BV of 50% ethanol and 4 BV of 80% ethanol, and finally with 3 BV of 95% ethanol. Regenerate the column. Collect 50% and 80% ethanol eluents.
  • the 80% ethanol concentrate was dried to give a crude AIII of 125 g.
  • the ethanol was partially recovered from 50% ethanol and concentrated to 4000 ml.
  • the 50% ethanol concentrate was taken out of 1500 mL and lyophilized to obtain a crude BII of 153 g.
  • Chinese medicine Zhimu decoction piece 6 Kg appropriate pulverization, add 50% ethanol 48 L, soak for 1 hour, reflux extraction for 1 hour, filtration; the drug residue plus 50% ethanol 36 L also reflux extraction 2 times. The extracts were combined, and the ethanol was evaporated to a concentration of 6 L under reduced pressure. The mixture was extracted three times with water-saturated n-butanol. The n-butanol layer was combined and concentrated to give 551 g of the original total saponin. After 500 g of the original total saponin was dissolved in 10000 mL of water, 110 mL of cellulase (AE80) was added and mixed, and placed in a 50 ° C shaker at 120 rpm for 36 h.
  • AE80 cellulase
  • the solution was centrifuged to obtain a precipitate, which was baked in an oven at 80 ° C for 6 h to dryness to obtain 283 g of secondary saponins.
  • the content of the timosaponin BII in crude BII was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 44.1%, and the content of timosaponin in the secondary total saponin was 62.3%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing g secondary saponins.
  • Zhimu fresh ⁇ stalk 6 Kg, cut into thin slices, add 70 L of ethanol, 8 L, soak for 2 hours, extract by heating and reflux for 1 hour, filter; add 70% ethanol and 6 L of medicinal residue and reflux for 2 times. The extracts were combined, ethanol was recovered, and concentrated to 10 L under reduced pressure.
  • the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin SP700 (Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan) was packed in a column (6 L) and equilibrated with 20% ethanol.
  • the concentrated solution was added with ethanol to 20%, filtered, and the filtrate was passed through a column, which was sequentially eluted with 4 BV of 20% ethanol, 4 BV of 80% ethanol and 3 BV of 95% ethanol, and the solvent was recovered by 80% ethanol.
  • the original total saponin 56 g was obtained by freeze-drying 500 mL.
  • the remaining 1500 mL was diluted to 7000 mL, 200 mL of bitter almond enzyme solution was added, mixed, placed in a 37 ° C shaker, and transformed at 120 rpm for 24 h.
  • the solution was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate, and the precipitate was dried in an oven at 80 ° C to obtain a secondary saponin of 105 g.
  • the content of timosaponin BII in the total saponins was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 43.3 %, and the content of timosaponin in the secondary total saponins was 55.6 %.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing 50 g of the total saponins and 100 g of the secondary saponins.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by mixing 43 g of the total saponins and 90 g of the total saponins.
  • the content of timosaponin and BII was determined by HPLC-ELSD external standard two-point method and the content of total timosaponin was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. BII was 17.3%, ⁇ was 42.7%, and total saponin was 83.4%.
  • Example 13 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
  • the extracted concentrate was passed through a color column, and sequentially eluted with 4 BV of water, 4 BV of 15% acetone, and 4 BV of 70% acetone, and 70% of the acetone fraction was collected, and the solvent was recovered and concentrated to 3000 mL.
  • a total of 46 g of the original total saponin was obtained by freeze-drying 500 mL.
  • the remaining 2500 mL was diluted to 11000 mL, 54 mL of ⁇ -glucanase (NCB-10) was added, mixed and placed in a 50 °C water bath for 20 ho conversion. The solution was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate.
  • the above-mentioned alternate extract was centrifuged, and the supernatant was passed through a well-balanced resin column, which was sequentially eluted with 4 BV of 30% ethanol, 3 BV of 80% ethanol, and 3 BV of 95% ethanol, and 80% ethanol was collected and partially concentrated to 2000. mL. Take 400 mL of lyophilized 21 g of primary saponins, and add 1600 mL of the remaining Aspergillus niger broth 2000 mL, mix and place in a 37 ° C water bath for 20 h.
  • the solution was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate, and the precipitate was dried in an oven at 80 ° C to obtain 63 g of secondary total saponins.
  • the content of timosaponin BII in the total saponins was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 44.3 %, and the content of timosaponin in the secondary total saponins was 52.3 %.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing 20 g of the total saponins and 60 g of the secondary saponins.
  • timosaponins AIII and BII The content of timosaponins AIII and BII was determined by HPLC-ELSD external standard two-point method to be 39.5 % and 11.2 %, and the total saponin content was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry to be 71.8%.
  • Example 15 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
  • the content of BII in the total saponins was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 50.2%, and the content of timosaponin AIII in the secondary total saponins was 57.1%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing 40 g of the original total saponin and 165 g of the secondary total saponin.
  • the content of timosaponins AIII and BII was determined by HFLC-ELSD external standard two-point method to be 46.1% and 10.4%, and the content of total timosaponin was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry to be 81.5%.
  • Example 16 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
  • Chinese medicine Zhimu decoction pieces 6 Kg properly pulverized, add 48 L of water, soak for 1 hour, heat for 1 hour, filter; add the water to the dregs and cook twice.
  • the extracts were combined, concentrated to 30 L under reduced pressure, acetone was added to a concentration of 15%, shaken and placed overnight, centrifuged, and the supernatant was used.
  • the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin SP825 (Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan) was packed in a column (18 L) and equilibrated with 15% acetone.
  • the spare supernatant was passed through a well-balanced SP825 resin column, washed with 15% acetone in 4 column volumes (4 BV), and then eluted with 4 BV of 70% acetone. A 70% acetone eluate was collected, ethanol was recovered, and concentrated to 5000 mL. The concentrate was taken out of 1500 mL and lyophilized to give a crude BII of 87 g. Add another 3500 mL of solution, add sulfuric acid, adjust the pH to 2-3, mix and hydrolyze for 2 h. The supernatant was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate, and the precipitate was dried in an oven at 80 ° C to obtain 113 g of secondary total saponins.
  • the content of timosaponin BII in the total saponins was determined by HPLC-ELSD method to be 55.6 %, and the content of timosaponin in the secondary total saponins was 46.3%.
  • the primary total saponin and the secondary total saponin are mixed to obtain the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • HPLC-ELSD external standard two-point method for the determination of timosaponin and BII content 26.7% and 24.3%
  • UV spectrophotometry The content of total timosaponin was determined to be 73.7%.
  • Example 17 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention
  • the alternate supernatant was passed through a well-balanced SF700 resin column, washed 4 BV, washed with 4 BV in 30% ethanol to remove impurities, and then eluted with 3 BV of 50% ethanol to collect 50% ethanol eluate to recover ethanol.
  • the concentrate was repeatedly passed through a C18 column chromatography, eluted at a constant ratio of 55% methanol, and finally obtained a ⁇ (percent area method greater than 95%) 32 g.
  • the fresh rhizome of Zhimu is 24 Kg, cut into thin slices, and added with water 48 L. It is naturally fermented with 37 ° C water bath for 72 h.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing 20 g of BII and 180 g of AIII.
  • the spare supernatant was passed through a well-balanced SP700 resin column, washed with 2 BV in 25% ethanol, and then eluted with 3 BV of 50% ethanol and 85% ethanol to collect 50% and 85% ethanol eluate to recover ethanol.
  • the crude saponins 152 g and the secondary total saponins 316 go were separately lyophilized under reduced pressure to obtain 150 g of the primary total saponins and 300 g of the secondary total saponins, and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was obtained.
  • the content of timosaponin and BII in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was determined by HPLC-ELSD external standard two-point method to be 27.6 % and 13.5%, and the content of total timosaponin was determined to be 60.3 % by f spectrophotometry.

Description

用于抗血栓性疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于抗血栓性疾病的药物组合物及其制备方 法和用途, 具体涉及一种包含知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和知母皂苷 BII的药 物組合物, 及其制备方法和在制备用于预防或治疗血栓性疾病的 药物中的用途。 背景技术
血小板的粘附、 聚集、 释放反应导致血栓形成。 血栓形成是心 肌梗塞、 脑卒中等许多人类心脑血管疾病的主要发病原因, 也是糖 尿病、 脉管炎等一些重要疾病的加重因素。 抗血栓治疗是这些疾病 的主要治疗措施之一。 抑制血小板聚集、 抗凝和溶栓是血栓性疾病 治疗的三大主题, 其中以抗血小板聚集治疗应用最广, 疗效突出, 相关药物的研发也最为活跃。 从最早的环氧化酶抑制剂阿司匹林, 到 ADP受体拮抗剂塞氯吡啶, 再到血小板 GPIIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂 替罗非斑, 以及系列前列腺素类药物, 如 PGE1、 PGI2等, 已广泛 应用于心、 脑血管性疾病的临床治疗。
中药知母为百合科 (Liliaceae)知母属多年生草本植物知母 Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.的才艮 , 主要成分是甾体鬼苷 (steroidal saponins), 到目前为止, 文献报道从知母中分离鉴定了 几十种 体皂苷及皂苷元; 其次还有黄酮、 寡糖、 多糖及脂肪酸 等。
Jianying ZHANG等报道了单体化合物知母皂苷 Ia、 BI、 ΒΠ、 Bill和 AIII具有显著的抗人血小板聚集及延长凝血时间的活性。
( Jianying ZHANG等, Clinica Chimica Acta, 1999; 289:79-88 )。
知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ、 Β和; BII的结构如下:
Figure imgf000004_0001
知母皂苷 AIII 知母皂苷 ΒΠ
Figure imgf000004_0002
知母皂苷 Β 马百平等报道了单体化合物知母皂苷 ΒΠ可明显改善局灶性 脑缺血大鼠神经症状, 缩小脑梗塞范围, 减轻脑水肿程度; 明显 改善模型动物的血液流变性、 减轻脑缺血所致炎性损伤等, 可用 于防治脑卒中 (脑中风 ) (发明专利申请书, 申请号 200410037347.X ) 。
陈万生等报道了知母总皂苷用于制备防治脑卒中药物的用途 (发明专利申请公开书, 公开号 CN1451384A , 申请号 03116824.8 )。该申请中公开的知母总皂苷的特征为知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ、 E、 B、 AIII的含量之和≥50%。
陈万生等还报道了知母提取物的注射剂 (含知母皂苷 BII、 El 和 B, 三者比例为 78-92: 7-12: 0-6 ) 可明显改善大鼠脑缺血再 灌注损伤引起的行为症状, 缩小脑梗塞体积, 降低脑缺血大鼠脑 水肿, 可用于治疗缺血性脑血管疾病 (发明专利申请公开书, 公 开号为 CN1628790A, 申请号为 200410054146.0 ) 。
至今未发现以知母皂苷 AIII为主, 联合知母皂苷 ΒΠ的抗血 栓药物。 因此, 提供一种以知母皂苷 AIII 为主, 联合知母皂苷 ΒΠ的抗血栓药物是合乎临床需要的。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于预防或治疗血栓性疾病的 主要包含知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和知母皂苷 ΒΠ的药物组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于制备本发明药物组合物的方 法。
本发明的还一个目的是提供本发明药物组合物在制备用于预 防或治疗血栓性疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的发明人通过多年潜心研究, 首次发现并证实, 将知 母皂苷 AIII和知母皂苷 BII联合用于抗血栓性疾病, 只要知母皂 苷 ΑΠΙ的含量大于或等于知母皂苷 ΒΠ的含量,该组合物就可以 在产生令人满意的抗血栓作用的同时, 减轻抗血栓药通常具有的 出血或出血倾向。 基于此发现, 本发明人完成了本发明。
一方面, 本发明提供一种用于预防或治疗血栓性疾病的药物 组合物, 其包含有效量的知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和知母皂苷 ΒΠ, 并且包 含或不含一种或多种药用辅料,其特征在于其中知母皂苷 AIII的 含量大于或等于知母皂苷 BII的含量。
在一个实施方案中,知母皂苷 AIII和知母皂苷 ΒΠ都以知母 皂苷提取物的形式用于本发明的药物组合物中。在该实施方案中, 本发明的药物组合物可以仅包含有效量的含有知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ 的 提取物和含有知母皂苷 ΒΠ的提取物, 可以不使用药用辅料。 在另一个实施方案中, 在本发明的药物组合物中, 知母皂苷
AIII与知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 1:1至 10:1。
在另一个实施方案中, 在本发明的药物组合物中, 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ与知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 2:1至 5:1。
在再一个实施方案中, 在本发明的药物组合物中, 知母皂苷 AIII和知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 3:1。
另一方面, 本发明提供用于制备本发明药物组合物的方法, 该方法包括将含所需量的知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ提取物和知母皂苷 ΒΠ提 取物混合, 并且根据需要, 可以不加入辅料或加入一种或多种药 用辅料, 然后使用适当的方法制成所需的制剂。
在一个实施方案中, 制备本发明药物组合物的方法包括将所 需量的知母皂苷 AIII单体化合物和知母皂苷 ΒΠ单体化合物, 以 及一种或多种药用辅料混合, 然后使用适当的方法制成所需的制 剂。
在另一个实施方案中, 制备本发明药物组合物的方法包括如 下步骤:
使用适合的提取方法提取知母药材饮片、新鲜根茎、须根等, 将提取液过滤并收集滤液, 然后将滤液注入大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 适合的溶剂洗脱,收集相应的组分,分离得到主要含知母皂苷 BII 的知母原生总皂苷;
使用自然发酵、 酶转化、 緩冲盐转化、 酸水解或它们的组合 方法转化所述组分足够的时间, 得到知母次生总皂苷;
以及将一定比例的知母原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷混合得到本 发明的药物组合物。
在一个具体实施方案中, 制备本发明药物组合物的方法包括 如下步骤:
使用 40 ~ 70% Ci-C4醇或 40 ~ 70%丙酮提取知母饮片、 新鲜 根茎或须根, 将提取液过滤, 收集滤液并离心, 然后将上清液注 入大孔吸附树脂柱, 用选自水、 20 ~ 90% d- 醇和 10 ~ 80%丙 酮的溶剂梯度洗脱, 收集 50 ~ 90% d-Ct醇組分或 35 ~ 80%丙酮 组分, 得到所述知母原生总皂苷;
使用选自 β-葡聚糖酶、 β-葡萄糖苷酶、 果胶酶、 纤维素酶、 苦 杏仁酶和黑曲霉的酶或微生物转化所述组分足够长的时间, 将转 化溶液离心后得到知母次生总皂苷;
以及将一定比例的上述知母原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷混合得 到本发明的药物组合物。
在另一个具体实施方案中, 制备本发明药物组合物的方法包 括如下步驟:
用 40 ~ 70%的乙醇提取知母饮片、 新鲜根茎, 或须根, 将提 取液过滤并收集滤液, 减压浓缩后加入 90 ~ 100 %乙醇, 离心, 然 后将上清液装入大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 20 ~ 95%乙醇梯度洗脱, 收 集 50 ~ 90%乙醇组分, 得到所述知母原生总皂苷;
使用选自 Ρ-葡聚糖酶、 β-葡萄糖苷酶、 果胶酶、 纤维素酶、 苦 杏仁酶和黑曲霉的酶或 _生物的一种或几种组合酶转化所述组分 至少 1小时, 将转化溶液离心后得到知母次生总皂苷;
以及将一定比例的上述知母原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷混合得 到本发明的药物组合物。
另一方面, 本发明提供知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ和知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ在制备 用于预防或治疗血栓性疾病的药物中的用途,其中在所制备的药物 中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ的含量大于或等于知母皂苷 ΒΠ的含量。
在一个实施方案中, 在所制备的药物中, 知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ与知 母皂苷 ΒΙΙ的重量比为 1 :1至 10:1。
在另一个实施方案中, 在所制备的药物中, 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ与 知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 2:1至 5:1。 在另一个实施方案中, 在所制备的药物中, 知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和 知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 3:1。
在另一个实施方案中, 所述血栓性疾病及与血栓相关性疾病 包括例如冠心病、 心绞痛、 心肌梗塞、 脑卒中、 脑血栓、 肺栓塞、 糖尿病和脉管炎。
本申请中所称的"有效量"是指知母皂苷 AIII和知母皂苷 BII 二者联合应用时能够实现临床上预防或治疗血栓性疾病目标的 量。
对于本领域的技术人员来说 , 本发明的药物组合物可以通过 本领域中的各种常规方法被轻易地配制成各种剂型,如口服制剂, 如片剂, 胶嚢, 溶液, 悬浮液和颗粒剂等; 非肠道给予剂型, 如 注射剂, 软膏, 贴剂等。 本发明的药物组合物可以通过本领域中 的各种给药途径使用。
可以用口服或肠胃外给药等方式将本发明的药物组合物或其 制剂给予需要它的患者。对于成人来说, 每人口服日剂量为约 150 mg ~ 450 mg, 例如约 300 mg。
经研究表明, 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ体外可以显著抑制血小板聚集, 增强 PGE1的抗血小板聚集作用, 体内给药具有明显的抗血栓活 性; 而知母皂苷 ΒΠ体外不能抑制血小板聚集, 但可扩张血管, 体内可改善血液流变性、 减少白细胞在血管内皮细胞上粘附。 因 此, 本发明中一定比例配比的知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和知母皂苷 BII两个 具有不同作用机制和靶点的组合,可以在体内获得抗血栓作用强, 但出血倾向氐的优点。
本发明的药物組合物在发挥预防或治疗血栓性疾病的作用的 同时, 可以减轻患者的出血或出血倾向。 附图说明
图 1是各组小鼠尾静脉注射胶原致死时间散点分布图
图 2是各組小鼠尾静脉出血时间散点分布图 具体实施方式
下面的实施例用于进一步说明本发明, 但其不意味着对本发 明的任何限制。
除非特别指明, 否则本申请中的百分比或份数均指重量百分 比或份数, 并且组合物中各组分的含量之和等于百分之百。 实施例 1
本发明的药物组合物对小鼠尾静脉出血时间 和尾静脉胶原注射致死时间的影响 一、 实验材料和方法
1 实验材料
根据已知方法(药学学报 1996; 31(4): 271-277; Chem Pharm Bull, 1963, 11: 1221 )制备了知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和 BII单体化合物, 这 2种化合物的纯度均大于 98.5%; Wistar大鼠,雄性,体重 280-320 克, 昆明种小鼠, 雄性, 体重 22-24克, 由军事医学科学院动物饲 养中心提供。 肾上腺素购自北京市永康药业有限公司。 胶原为本实 验室自制的大鼠尾部胶原。 PBS购自天为时代公司。肝素购自 Sigma 公司, 生理盐水购自山东临淄制药厂。 阿司匹林, 石家庄制药集团 欧意药业有限公司。
2 动物分组
将 Wistar大鼠随机分成七组, 对照组、 阿司匹林组(ASP, 40 mg/Kg ) 、 AIII组 ( 40 mg/K ) 、 ΒΠ组 ( 40 mg/Kg ) > 1比 1组 ( ΑΙΠ与 ΒΠ的重量比, 40 mg/Kg ) 、 1比 3组( AIII与 BII的重 量比, 40 mg/Kg ) 、 3比 1组( AIII与 ΒΠ的重量比, 40 mg/Kg ) 。 连续灌胃给药七天,每天给药一次,第七天给药一小时后开始实验。 对照组给予相同体积的生理盐水。
3 实验方法
3.1血小板最大聚集率的检测
Wistar大鼠,第 7天给药 1小时后,戊巴比妥钠( 40〜60 mg/k ) 腹腔注射麻醉, 心脏取血, 以 3.8%枸橼酸钠(体积比 1: 9 )抗凝。 于室温 800 rpm离心 10分钟, 分离富血小板血浆(PRP ) , 然后 再室温 3000 rpm离心 20分钟, 分离贫血小板血浆(PPP ) 。 用 F - 820血细胞计数仪计数, 以 PIT将 PRP浓度调整为 S.OxlO11/!^
Chronolog血小板聚集仪检测。 用血浆将血小板悬液浓度调整 到 S.OXIOU/L, 打开血小板聚集仪并预温 30分钟, 以 PPP做空白 对照调节透光率到 100 %。取血小板悬液 450 L, 加入搅拌子 37Ό 预温 3分钟,分别加入诱导剂( 50 )ADP试剂(终浓度为 20 μΜ ), 然后记录 5分钟图形, 读取 1分钟、 3分钟、 5分钟及最大的聚集 率。
3.2 动 -静脉旁路血栓实验
将大鼠腹腔注射 2 %戊巴比妥钠溶液 ( 30-40 mg/kg )麻醉, 仰 卧位固定,分离右侧颈总动脉和左颈外静脉,将三段聚乙烯管相连, 一端插入右颈总动脉, 另一端插入左颈外静脉, 两端聚乙烯管内充 满 25 u/mL肝素 (以生理盐水临用新制) , 中间段长 10 cm, 放入 一根长为 8 cm的 7#手术线(已称重), 管内注满生理盐水(注意: 不得有气泡) , 建立动静脉旁路。 15分钟后取下套管, 取出血栓, 在湿润的滤紙上滚动,去除多余浮血,置已称重的硫酸紙上称湿重。 再置于烘箱内 60°C烘烤 1 h至恒重, 冷却称重得血栓干重。
3.3 小鼠尾静脉出血时间实验 将小鼠随机分成七组, 对照组、 阿司匹林组(40 mg/Kg ) 、 BII 组( 40 mg/K ) 、 AIII组( 40 mg/Kg ) 、 1比 1组( ΑΙΠ与 BII 的重量比, 40 mg/K )、 1比 3組( AIII与 BII的重量比, 40 mg/Kg )、 3比 1组( ΑΠΙ与 ΒΠ的重量比, 40 mg/Kg )。 连续灌胃给药五天, 每天给药两次, 第六天给药一小时后开始实验。 对照组给予相同体 积的生理盐水。 所有药物比例均为 ΑΠΙ和 ΒΠ。
将小鼠用戊巴比妥钠 (40-60 mg/Kg )麻醉小鼠, 放置在温暖 舒适的垫子上, 在小鼠尾巴的直径为 2.25-2.5 mm处切去尾尖, 并 立即置入 PBS ( 37 °C ) 中, 开始计时。 观察 10分钟内的止血时间 和再出血现象, 并通过血红蛋白的含量推测小鼠出血的体积。 10分 钟内没有止住出血的, 压迫止血, 出血时间记为 600秒。
3.4小鼠尾静脉胶原注射致死时间实验
将小鼠随机分成七组, 对照组、 阿司匹林组(40 mg/Kg ) 、 BII 组 ( 40 mg/K ) 、 AIII組 ( 40 mg/Kg ) 、 1比 1組( 40 mg/Kg ) 、 1比 3組(AIII与 BII的重量比, 40 mg/Kg ) 、 3比 1组( ΑΙΠ与 BII的重量比, 40 mg/Kg ) 。 连续灌胃给药五天, 每天给药两次, 第六天给药一小时后开始实验。 对照组给予相同体积的生理盐水。
将小鼠在小鼠固定架上固定以后, 尾静脉注射由胶原 (0.5 mg/Kg )和肾上腺素 (60 ug/Kg )组成的血栓剂 100 /只。 观察 10分钟内小鼠的症状、 症状出现时间和死亡时间, 10分钟以上死 亡的视为存活。
二、 实验结果
1. 知母皂苷灌胃给药对小鼠血小板聚集率的影响
知母皂甙末次灌胃给药 1小时后进行麻醉心脏取血, 检测给药 后对 ADP ( 20 μΜ )诱导的血小板聚集率, 结果显示, 同对照組相 比, ΑΙΠ组、 3: 1组和 1:1組的血小板最大聚集率均明显降低, 其 中 AIII组和 3:1组血小板聚集抑制效应与阿司匹林组相当。说明知 母皂甙 ΑΠΙ在体内对血小板聚集的抑制作用强于 BII, 但 3:1组仍 有明显的抗血小板聚集活性。 表 1, 本发明的药物组合物体内给药对血栓形成的影响
組 另 例数 最大聚集率 (% ) 对 照 组 6 54.9±5.8
ASP 40 mg/Kg組 6 40.8+7.6**
AHI 40 mg/Kg組 6 39.8±5.0**
BII 40 mg/K 組 6 50.8±6.7
1:1 40 mg/Kg组 6 44.5+9.4*
1:3 40 mg/Kg組 6 48.3±5.6
3:1 40 mg/Kg组 6 42.2±4.5** 注: 与对照组比: P < 0.01 P < 0.05
2. 动-静脉旁路血栓形成实验
与正常对照相比各给药组的血栓湿重和干重均有下降的趋势, ΑΙΠ组和 3:1组血栓湿重与对照组相比差异显著, 1:1组存在差异, 但 ΒΠ組和 1:3组与对照组相比没有统计学上的差异。 从本实验的 结果来看 AIII在抗血栓方面占主导作用。 ΑΠΙ组的血栓湿重低于 阳性对照药阿司匹林, 说明 ΑΙΠ在抗血栓方面强于阿司匹林。 具 体实验结果如表 2所示。
-10- 表 2. 本发明的药物组合物体内给药对血栓形成的影响 组 另 例数 血栓湿重 ( mg ) 血栓干重 ( mg ) 对 照 組 11 117.12±38.33 35.9±8.35
ASP 40 mg/ 組 11 79.74±18.95** 25.5±7.37**
AIII 40 mg/K 组 8 64.29±22.58** 24.4±6.30**
BII 40 mg/Kg组 9 90.39±29.59 28.6±7.82
1:1 40 mg/Kg組 8 87.75±14.24* 29.6±6.52
3:1 40 mg/Kg组 7 70.31±12.73** 26.6±8.10*
1:3 40 mg/Kg组 6 88.60±17.17 29.5±5.35 注: 与对照组比: < 0.01 *P < 0.05
3.3 小鼠尾静脉胶原注射致死时间实验
小鼠尾静脉注入血栓剂后, 出现呼吸加快、 燥动不宁、 旋转和 眼球突出等症状, 随后很快死亡。 对照组的平均死亡时间为 129.3±26.9秒 , 而单纯给予 BII和 AIII的动物死亡时间明显延长, 分别为 259.1±169.9秒、 237.9±125.1秒, 与对照组相比具有显著差 异。 两药合用的动物死亡时间与对照组相比也有一定程度的延长, 但除 3比 1组外, 其效果不如单纯用药组。 3比 1组动物死亡时间 及存活率与单纯给药组相仿, 说明 ΑΠΙ在组合给药中占主导作用。 各組的具体存活率和死亡时间见表 3和图 1。 表 3. 本发明的药物組合物体内给药对小鼠尾静脉
胶原注射致死时间的影响
组 另 例数 死亡时间 (秒)
对 照 组 15 129.3±26.9
ASP 40 mg/K 組 15 244.6±195.3★
AIII 40 mg/Kg組 14 237.9±125.1
BII 40 mg/K 組 14 259.1±169.9
1:1 40 mg/Kg组 13 198.6±140.2
3:1 40 mg/Kg iS. 13 254.6±199.5 *
1:3 40 mg/Kg组 12 142.7±56.9
注: 与对照组比: < 0.01 *P < 0.05 3.2 小鼠尾静脉出血时间实验
对照組的平均止血时间为 88.9±45.9秒, 与对照组相比给药组 的出血时间明显延长, 阳性对照阿司匹林组的平均止血时间为 277.4±188.5秒, 与正常对照组相比差异极显著。 ΒΠ和 ΑΠΙ单纯 用药时平均止血时间大于阳性对照药,这说明知母皂苷 BII和 ΑΠΙ 单独给药时有明显的出血倾向。 同对照组相比, 组合给药出血时间 也有所延长, 但出血体积明显少于单纯给药组及阿司匹林组。 说明 知母皂苷 ΒΠ和 ΑΙΠ虽然具有强烈抗血栓的作用,但有明显的出血 倾向; 二者合理组合后 (3比 1组) , 在产生抗血栓活性的同时, 出血时间及总的出血量明显减少。 具体结果如表 4和图 2所示。 表 4. 本发明的药物组合物体内给药对小鼠尾静脉
出血时间及出血体积的影响
组 别 例数 止血时间 (秒) 出血体积( L ) 对 照 组 17 88.9±45.9 11.3±8.3
ASP 40 mg/Kg组 17 277.4±188.5 13.5±13.8
AIII 40 mg/K 組 17 396.6±208.9 21.3±29.6
BII 40 mg/Kg组 17 325.1±200.6 10.7±9.8
1:1 40 mg/Kg組 17 209.9±148.0**§§ 6.0±5.2 §§
3:1 40 mg/Kg組 16 200.3±162.0*#§§ 5.5±6.5#§§
1:3 40 mg/Kg组 17 209.7±206.7*§§ 11.6±13.7§§ 注: 与对照组比: ★★★P < 0.001 ★★P < 0.01 * P < 0.05
与 BII组比: 漏 P < o.ooi; ## P < o.oi; # P < 0.05
与 AIII組比: §§§Ρ < ο.οοι; §§P < o.oi; §P < o.05 三、 讨论
体外活性筛选发现知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ具有明显的抑制血小板聚集 作用, 而知母皂苷 BII具有明显的扩血管作用。 动物体内实验结果 显示, 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ抑制体内血小板聚集活性和抗大鼠动静脉旁 路血栓形成作用最强, ΒΠ较弱, 且知母皂苷不同组合也具有抗血 小板聚集和抗血栓形成作用, 尤其是知母皂苷 AIII和 BII的 3: 1 组合。
在尾静脉胶原注射致死实验中,具有抗血小板聚集作用的知母 皂苷 ΑΙΠ和具有扩血管作用的知母皂苷 BH均能明显延长模型小鼠 的存活时间, 提高模型小鼠的存活率, 但小鼠断尾实验发现这两个 化合物单独给药尾静脉出血时间延长, 出血体积增加; 同时实验也 发现知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和 ΒΠ3: 1组合也有与单独给药相当的抗血栓形 成作用, 尾静脉出血时间虽有延长, 但出血体积明显减少; 知母皂 苷其它比例组合尾静脉出血时间和出血体积虽有减少, 但抗血栓活 性也明显降低。 实验表明, 较强的抑制血小板聚集和适当的扩血管 可达到体内最为理想的抗血栓效果。
因此, 本实验的一个重要发现是以 ΑΠΙ比例为主的知母皂苷 组合在体内可发挥最佳的抗血栓形成作用, 同时具有较低的出血副 作用。 以此而开发的各种剂型的药物, 用于各种心脑血管性疾病的 治疗, 可达到安全、 高效的目的。 实施例 2 本发明的药物组合物体外抑制
血小板聚集作用的研究 一、 材料与方法
1. 实验材料
Wistar大鼠,雄性,体重 280-320 g,大耳白兔,雌性,体重 2-2.5
-13-
»3 Kg, 猕猴, 雄性, 体重 5-7Kg, 均由军事医学科学院动物养殖中心 提供。 人血小板由北京血液中心提供。 本发明的药物組合物, 为白 色粉末,是根据实施例 15中所述的方法制备的。二磷酸腺苷(ADP )、 花生四烯酸(AA:) 、 二甲基亚砜 ( DMSO )均为 Sigma公司产品; 瑞斯托霉素 (Ristocetin ) 、 肾上腺素购自 Biopool公司。
2. 实验方法
2.1 血液的采集
Wistar雄性大鼠, 2°/。戊巴比妥钠(30〜40 mg/kg )腹腔注射麻 醉, 心脏取血; 大耳雌性白兔, 在安静的状态下, 耳中动脉取血, 取血完成后立即以 3.8%枸橼酸钠 (体积比 1: 9 )抗凝。
2.2血小板的制备
将所取血液室温 800 rpm离心 10分钟, 取上层富血小板血浆 ( PRP ),室温 3000 rpm离心 20分钟,取上层贫血小板血浆( PPP )。 用 F - 820血细胞计数仪计数, 以 PPP调 PRP浓度为 3.0xlO"/L。
2.3血小板最大聚集率测定
Chronolog血小板聚集仪检测。 用血浆将血小板悬液浓度调整 到 S.OxlOU/L, 打开血小板聚集仪, 以 Ϊ Ρ做空白对照调节透光率 到 100 %。 取血小板悬液 450 μί, 加入搅拌子 37°C预温 3分钟, 分 别加入各种诱导剂 (50 μΐ ) : ADP试剂 (终浓度为 20 μΜ ) 、 AA (终浓度为 80 μΜ ) 、 瑞斯托霉素(终浓度为 1.2 mg/mL )、 腎 上腺素 (终浓度为 10 μΜ ) , 然后记录 5分钟图形, 读取 1分钟、 3分钟、 5分钟及最大的聚集率。
二、 实验结果
1. 本发明的药物組合物体外抑制 ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集作 用
对大鼠血小板预先给予不同浓度的本发明的药物组合物, 孵育 2分钟后, 加入聚集诱导剂 ADP, 检测不同时间血小板聚集率。 结
-14-
'个 果如表 5所示, 10 g/mL 的本发明的药物组合物便能明显抑制大 鼠血小板的聚集, 随着本发明的药物组合物剂量的增加, 抑制作用 明显增强,本发明的药物组合物 50 g/mL可完全抑制大鼠血小板的 聚集。 通过统计处理, 计算出本发明的药物组合物抑制大鼠血小板 聚集的 IC50值为 26.92±4.75 g/mL。 表 5. 本发明的药物组合物对大鼠血小板
聚集的抑制作用(n=8)
血小板聚集率 (%)
组 別
1分钟 3分钟 S分钟 最大
ADP 20 μΜ 22.4±2.83 39.0±1.77 43.9±2.42 43.9±2.42
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药
19.6±5.32 35.6±3.50 37.5±3.82 38.13±3.04** 物组合物 10 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药
16.0±4.44 30.6±5.32 27.5±8.75 31.38±6.74** 物組合物 20 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药
9.8±5.78 19.0±9.47 14.4±12.32 20.75±8.78** 物组合物 30 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药
7.3±5.50 14.0±10.28 10.8±8.63 15.25±8.83** 物组合物 40 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药
0.4±0.74 0.1±0.93 0 1.0±1.85** 物组合物 50 g/mL
注: 最大聚集率与 ADP组比: *P<0.05, **P<0.01
2. 本发明的药物组合物体外抑制兔子血小板聚集作用 兔子是抗血栓药物研究的常用动物之一,本实验观察了不同 剂量的本发明的药物組合物对兔血小板聚集的抑制作用。结果如表
-15- 6所示, lO g/mL 的本发明的药物组合物可使 ADP诱导的兔血小 板最大聚集率抑制到 23%, 随着本发明的药物组合物剂量的增加, 抑制作用明显增强, 本发明的药物組合物 60 g/mL可使兔血小板 的最大聚集率抑制到 80%。 通过统计处理, 计算出本发明的药物 组合物抑制兔血小板聚集的 IC5o值为 16.1± 2.1 g/mL 表 6. 本发明的药物组合物对兔子
血小板聚集的抑制作用(n=3)
组 别 最大聚集率(%)
1分钟 3分钟 5分钟 最大
ADP 20 μΜ 16.7±2.08 32.0±2.65 35.7±4.73 35.7±4.73
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
18.0±5.20 26.5±4.50 26.7±3.79 27.3±3.51** 组合物 10 g/mL
ADP.20 μΜ +本发明的药物
10.5±4.09 14.7±3.51 14.2±3.75 15.2±3.33** 组合物 20 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
9.0±4.24 10.4±4.74 9.5±0.36 11.0±4.24** 组合物 30 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
7.3±1.77 7.5±2.12 7.0±4.24 9.0±1.41** 组合物 40 pg/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
0.4±0. 74 5.0±1.41 3.8±3.89 6.8±0.35** 组合物 60 ^g/mL
注: 最大聚集率与 ADP组比: *P<0.05, **Ρ<0·01
3. 本发明的药物组合物体外抑制猕猴血小板聚集作用
猕猴的基因背景与人最为接近,本文继续观察了本发明的药 物組合物对猕猴血小板聚集的抑制作用。 实验发现 50 g/mL 的 本发明的药物组合物可使 ADP诱导的猕猴血小板最大聚集率抑制 到 13%, 随着本发明的药物组合物剂量的增加, 抑制作用明显增 强,本发明的药物組合物 150 g/mL可使猕猴血小板的最大聚集率 抑制到 90%。 通过统计处理, 计算出本发明的药物组合物抑制猕 猴血小板聚集的 IC50值为 79.16±5.31 g/mL。 从中看出, 本发明 的药物组合物抑制猕猴血小板的 IC5o值明显高于兔和大鼠。 表 7. 本发明的药物组合物对猕猴
血小板聚集的抑制作用(ir=5)
最大聚集率(%)
組 别
1分钟 3分钟 5分钟 最大
ADP 20 μΜ 34.8±1.94 54±5.02 58.2±5.84 58.2±5.84
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物组
24.6±1.74 40.4±2.24 45±3.46 45±3.46** 合物 50 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物组
15±4.20 29.4±5.35 32.8±5.31 32.8±5.31** 合物 75 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物组
11.6±4.41 20.6±4.76 23.6±3.72 23.6i3.72** 合物 100 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物組
4.5±1.12 9.8±1.79 12.5±2.06 12.5±2.06** 合物 125 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物组
0 4±2.94 7.3±2.36 7.3±2.36** 合物 150 g/mL
注: 最大聚集率与 ADP组比: *Ρ<0·05, **Ρ<0.01
4. 本发明的药物组合物对不同诱导剂诱导人血小板聚集的体 外抑制效果比较 在新鲜健康人血小板中预先加入不同浓度的本发明的药物组 合物后,再以各种诱导剂诱导血小板聚集,得到的结果见表 8 ~ 11。 实验发现, ADP ( 20 μΜ ) 、 花生四稀酸(80 μΜ ) 、 瑞斯托霉素 ( 1.2 mg/mL )和腎上腺素( 10 μΜ )均能诱导人血小板聚集, 聚集 率均在 50%以上。 本发明的药物组合物 20-25 g/mL均能有效抑制 上述诱导剂引起的血小板聚集, 随着本发明的药物组合物给药剂量 的增加,抑制作用明显增强,本发明的药物组合物 150-300 g/mL可 完全抑制上述诱导剂引起的人血小板聚集。 本发明的药物組合物抑 制不同诱导剂引起的人血小板聚集的 IC5o值见表 12。
通过以上实验, 不同来源的血小板对本发明的药物组合物的敏 感性存在差异, 但大剂量的本发明的药物组合物可完全抑制 ADP、 花生四稀酸、 瑞斯脱霉素和肾上腺素诱导的人血小板聚集。 提示本 发明的药物组合物具有潜在的临床应用价值。 表 8. 本发明的药物组合物对 ADP诱导人
血小板聚集功能的影响 ( 11=5 )
最大聚集率(%)
SB. Λ')
1分钟 2分钟 3分钟 5分钟
ADP 20 μΜ 23.5±3.87 34.50±1.73 42.75±2.75 51.25±9.07
ADP 20 μΜ+本发明的药物组
23.25±2.22 33.00±2.16 42.25±5.91 50.75±9.11 合物 12.5 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
23.75±4.92 32.25±4.11 41.75±6.55 46.75±9.84** 组合物 25 pg/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
21.00±2.58 30.00±4.55 36.75±6.90 40.75±8.42** 组合物 50 g/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
10.50±1.73 17.00±0.82 20.50±1.29 24.00±4.32** 組合物 100 pg/mL
ADP 20 μΜ +本发明的药物
0.25±0. 50 0.50±1.00 0.75±1.50 1.50±1.91** 组合物 200 g/mL
注: 最大聚集率与 ADP組比, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 表 9. 本发明的药物组合物对 AA诱导的人
血小板聚集功能的影响 (IT =5 )
组 别 最大聚集率 (%)
1分钟 2分钟 3分钟 5分钟
AA 80 μΜ 39.00±9.50 53.03±7.30 62.00±5.50 67.75±2.25
AA 80 μΜ +本发明的药物
18.00±3.50 38.13±2.83 49.50±10.50 63.25±3.75 组合物 25 g/mL
AA 80 μΜ +本发明的药物
16.25±4.75 42.25±3.75 54.75±2.96 61.25±3.25* 組合物 50 g/mL
AA 80 μΜ +本发明的药物
11.00±7.00 29.15±6.24 37.75±3.38 43.75i3.25** 組合物 100 g/mL
AA 80 μΜ +本发明的药物
7.50±1.25 18.27±1.85 28.75±10.63 33.00±9.50** 组合物 200 pg/mL
AA 80 μΜ +本发明的药物
0 0 0 0** 组合物 300 g/mL
注: 5分钟最大聚集率与 AA组比: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 表 10. 本发明的药物组合物对瑞斯托霉素诱导人
血小板聚集功能的影响 (n=5 )
组 別 最大聚集率(%)
1分钟 2分钟 3分钟 5分钟 瑞斯托霉素 1.2 mg/mL 38.67±4.62 54.33±6.35 60.67±5.13 64.67±4.04 瑞斯托霉素 1.2 mg/mL +本发明的
32.33±2.52 51.67±5.86 57.67±6.66 63.00±3.61 药物组合物 2S g/mL
瑞斯托尊素 1.2 mg/mL +本发明的
30.67±6.43 49.33±7.23 53.00±7.00 58.33±2.89* 药物组合物 50 pg/mL
瑞斯托霉素 1.2 mg/mL +本发明的
23.33±1.15 43.00±6.08 49.00±7.21 54.00±2.65* 药物組合物 100 g/mL
瑞斯托審素 1.2m g/mL +本发明的
2.00±2.00 6.67±3.06 12.33±1.15 24.67±4.16** 药物組合物 200 pg/mL
瑞斯托霉素 1.2 mg/mL +本发明的
0 0 0.33±0.58 0.33±0.58** 药物組合物 400 pg/mL
注: 最大聚集率与瑞斯托霉素組比: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 表 11. 本发明的药物组合物对肾上腺素诱导人
血小板聚集功能的影响 ( n=5 )
最大聚集率(%)
组 别
1分钟 2分钟 3分钟 5分钟 肾上腺素 10 μΜ 13.67±3.87 44.33±1.53 50.67±1.53 55.67±1.15 肾上腺素 +本发明的药物组
17.33±2.08 41.33±9.07 49.33±5.13 55.33±0.58 合物 25 pg/niL
肾上腺素 +本发明的药物组
9.67±2.52 21.33±3.51 35.00±5.57 43.33±4.04* 合物 50 pg/mL
肾上腺素 +本发明的药物组
9.67±2.52 19.00±1.73 31.67±3.51 35.33±1.15** 合物 75 g/mL
肾上腺素 +本发明的药物组
1.33±0.58 2.67±0.58 3.33±0.58 4.33±2.08** 合物 100 g/mL
肾上腺素 +本发明的药物组
0.33±0.58 0.33±0.58 0.67±0.58 1.33±0.58** 合物 150 g/mL
注: 最大聚集率与肾上腺素组比: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 表 12 . 本发明的药物组合物对不同诱导剂
引起人血小板聚集的 IC50
ADP 花生四稀酸 瑞斯托審素 上腺素
IC50 ( g/mL ) 81.28±3.64 131.92±16.75 147.54±9.34 89.42±5.74
实施例 3. 本发明的药物组合物体内给药
抑制血栓形成作用研究 一、 材料与方法
1. 实验材料
Wistar大鼠, 雄性, 体重 280 ~ 320g, 由军事医学科学院实验 动物中心提供。知母皂苷 BII和 AIII组合物是根据实施例 5中所述 的方法制备得到的。 肝素, 购自美国 Sigma公司。 生理盐水, 购自 北京双鹤药业股份有限公司。 阿司匹林, 石家庄制药集团欧意药业 有限公司。 出凝血时间 (PT、 ΤΤ和 ΑΡΤΤ )试剂盒购于上海太阳 生物技术公司。
2. 实验方法
2.1 动物分组
将 Wistar 大鼠随机分为五组, 即空白对照组、 阿斯匹林 40 mg/kg组、本发明的药物组合物 10 mg/kg、 20 mg/kg、 40 mg/k 组, 各組动物连续灌胃给药七天,每日给药一次,给药体积为 10 mL/kg, 第七天给药后 lh施行手术, 空白对照组给予等体积蒸馏水。
2.2 大鼠动-静脉旁路血栓形成实验
参考文献方略加改进。 将大鼠腹腔注射 2 %戊巴比妥钠溶液 ( 30-40 mg/kg )麻醉, 仰卧位固定, 分离右侧颈总动脉和左颈外静 脉, 将三段聚乙烯管相连, 一端插入右颈总动脉, 另一端插入左颈 外静脉,两端聚乙烯管内充满 25 u/mL肝素(以生理盐水临用新制), 中间段长 10 cm, 放入" H:艮长为 8 cm的 7#手术线 (已称重) , 管 内注满生理盐水(注意: 不得有气泡), 建立动静脉旁路。 20分钟 后取下套管, 取出血栓, 在湿润的滤纸上滚动, 去除多余浮血, 置 已称重的硫酸纸上称湿重。 再置于烘箱内 60°C烘烤 l h至恒重, 冷 却称重得血栓干重。
2.3 PRP和 PPP的制备
Wistar雄性大鼠, 第 7天给药 1小时后, 戊巴比妥钠 (30〜40 mg/kg )腹腔注射麻醉, 心脏取血, 以 3.8%枸橼酸钠 (体积比 1: 9 )抗凝。于室温 800 rpm离心 10分钟,取上层富血小板血浆( P P ), 室温 3000 rpm离心 20分钟, 取上层贫血小板血浆( PP ) 。 用 F - 820血细胞计数仪计数, 以 P P调 PRP浓度为 S.OxlO11/!^
2.4血小板最大聚集率的检测
Chronolog血小板聚集仪检测。 用血浆将血小板悬液浓度调整 到 OxlO^/L, 打开血小板聚集仪, 以 PPP做空白对照调节透光率 到 100 %。 取血小板悬液 450 L, 加入搅拌子 37°C预温 3分钟, 分 别加入诱导剂 (50 L ) ADP试剂 (终浓度为 20 μΜ ),然后记录 5 分钟图形, 读取 1分钟、 3分钟、 5分钟及最大的聚集率。
2.5 出凝血时间的测定
取血、 分离血浆后, 参照试剂盒说明书操作。
二、 实验结果
1. 本发明的药物组合物灌胃给药对大鼠大鼠动静脉旁路血栓 形成的影响
本发明的药物组合物灌胃给药, 给药剂量分別为 40、 20和 10 mg/Kg, 每日一次, 阿司匹林 40 mg/Kg 为阳性对照, 给药后第七 天进行颈动 -静脉旁路血栓形成实验。结果显示本发明的药物组合物 大剂量组和中剂量组血栓干重和湿重较对照组均明显降低, 其中以 大剂量組降低最为明显, 小剂量组血栓重量低于对照组, 但无明显 差异。 阿司匹林阳性对照组血栓干、 湿重略高于大剂量组, 同对照 组相比有明显差异。 这些结果说明本发明的药物组合物具有抑制体 内血栓形成的作用。 表 13. 本发明的药物组合物灌胃给药对大鼠
颈动静脉旁路血栓形成的影响
血栓重量 (mg) 例数
湿重 干重 对照组 11 117.1+38.3 35.9+8.4 本发明的药物组合物 40 ug/mL 9 64.3±22.6** 24.4±6.3** 本发明的药物組合物 20 ug/mL 8 70.3+12.7* 26.6+8.1* 本发明的药物組合物 10 ug/mL 8 88.6±17.2 29.5±5.4
阿司匹林組 11 79.7+19.0* 26.7+6.4* 同对照組相比, **p<0.01; *p<0.05
2. 本发明的药物组合物灌胃给药对大鼠血小板聚集率及出凝 血时间的影响
本发明的药物组合物给药方式及分组同第三部分, 大鼠给药后 笫七天进行心脏取血, 同批检测 ADP诱导血小板聚集率和出凝血 时间 (PT、 ΤΤ和 ΑΡΤΤ ) 。 结果显示本发明的药物组合物三个剂 量组的血小板聚集率均明显低于对照组, 并具有一定的剂量效应。 阿司匹林组血小板聚集率低于对照组, 但无明显差异。 本发明的药 物組合物各处理组 ΡΤ、 ΤΤ和 ΑΡΤΤ同对照组相比均没有统计学差 异; 阿司匹林组除 ΑΡΤΤ同对照组相比有明显延长外, 其余两个指 标同对照组相比没有明显差异。 上述结果表明, 本发明的药物组合 物体内给药可抑制血小板聚集, 阻止血栓形成, 但不影响出凝血时 间。 表 14. 本发明的药物组合物灌胃给药对大鼠 ADP
诱导血小板聚集率的影响
AIII和 ΒΠ组 ΑΙΠ和 BII組 本发明的药物组 阿司匹 对照组
合物 40 ug/mL 合物 20 ug/mL 合物 10 ug/mL 林組
PLT最大聚
54.9±5.8 43.3+7.6** 48.3+5.1* 49.9±4.6 49.1+4.8 集率
同对照组相比, **p<0.01; *p<0.05 表 15. 口服给药后对大鼠凝血参数 AFTT、 PT、 ΤΤ的影响
凝血时间 (s)
组 另' J n
APTT PT TT
正常对照组 8 24.84±1.45 17.74±1.55 28.37±0.90 本发明的药物组合物 40 mg/kg 8 24.91±1.46 16.85±1.11 27.34±1.58 本发明的药物组合物 20 mg/kg 8 24.53±1.07 17.15±1.15 28.20±1.84 本发明的药物組合物 10 mg/kg 8 24.47±1.67 16.91±0.76 27.65±2.32
阿司匹林组 8 17.50±2.37* 16.49±2.08 28.98±0.97 注: 与正常对照组相比, *P<0.05 实施例 4. 本发明药物组合物对局灶性脑缺血大鼠
运动感觉功能的影响
缺血性脑血管病 (主要指脑血栓形成) 的最佳治疗时间 窗是发病 6小时以内, 积极的治疗措施有望使损伤减少到最低 限度。 然而, 大多数脑缺血患者多在睡眠等安静状态发生, 加 之运送、 影像学检查等原因不能及时救治而残留偏瘫、 失语等 后遗症, 因此对于脑缺血亚急性期及恢复早期的治疗干预显得 尤为重要。 本实验拟通过大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞( middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)模型, 于病理改变的亚急性期: 缺血 后 3 - 14天, 给予本发明的组合物, 以探讨本发明的药物组合 物对脑缺血损伤大鼠运动功能的影响, 为本发明的药物组合物 合理应用于临床提供一定实验依据。
一、 材料和方法
1. 实验动物
SD大鼠, 雄性, 体重 280-300g, 由北京维通利华实验动物 技术有限公司提供, 合格证号: SCXK (京) 2002-2003。
2. 实臉药品
本发明的药物组合物, 按实施例 6的方法制备。
3, 实验方法
3.1 大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型的制备
大鼠用 10 %水合氯醛 0.35g/kg腹腔注射麻醉,仰卧位固定, 常规消毒皮肤, 颈正中切口, 分离右侧颈总动脉、 颈内动脉及 颈外动脉, 穿线备用, 结扎颈外动脉与颈总动脉, 以动脉夹夹 闭颈内动脉远心端后, 于颈外动脉与颈内动脉分叉处作一切口, 从切口处插入头端磨成球形的光滑尼龙线(直径 0.25 mm, 头端 直径 0.27 mm, 距头端 18 mm处作标记) , 有阻力感时停止进 线并记录缺血时间, 插入深度 18 mm左右, 实现大脑中动脉阻 塞导致脑缺血。 结扎切口处, 固定尼龙线, 逐层缝合肌肉和皮 肤, 消毒。 2小时后将尼龙线头端轻轻拔出到近切口处, 实现再 灌注。 假手术组只暴露和分离右侧颈总动脉。 脑缺血及再灌注 过程中保持室温 23。C, 常规分笼饲养。
3.2 模型成功的判定
按照 Zea Longa S 级评分法 (请注明文献出处) , 大鼠完 全清醒后进行评定, 评分标准: 无明显神经病学症状, 0 分; 不能完全伸展左侧前爪, 1 分; 向左侧旋转, 2 分; 行走时向 左侧倾倒, 3 分; 不能自行行走, 4 分。 1 - 3分的大鼠入选后 续的实验。
3.3 分組及给药
将神经症状 1 - 3分的大鼠分成 5组: 模型组; 本发明 的药物组合物 15 mg/kg (低)、 30 mg/kg (中)、 60 mg/kg (高) 给药组; 安宫牛黄丸 (请注明生产厂家及其批号) 400 mg/kg作为阳性对照组。假手术与模型组给等量 0.5 % CMC溶液。 术后 3天至 14天灌胃给药, 每天一次。
3.4 肢体运动感觉功能检测
3.4.1 横木行走实验
横木行走实验 [Feeney DM et al, Science, 1982, 217: 855-857] 评价运动的协调和整合缺损。 横木宽 2.0 cm, 长 120 cm, 厚 1 cm,, 距地面 80cm水平悬空放置, 横木一端连接一个暗盒 (长 25 cm, 宽 22 cm, 高 18 cm ) , 用噪音刺激大鼠通过横木走进 暗盒。 评分标准: 大鼠不能呆在横木上, 0分; 大鼠能呆在横木 上但不动, 1分; 大鼠试图通过, 但从横木摔下, 2分; 大鼠走 上横木, 但损伤的后肢滑落次数超过 50%, 3分; 超过 1 次但 不到 50%, 4分; 仅滑落 1次, 5分; 顺利通过, 6分。 缺血前 训练 2天, 让大鼠学会顺利走过横木。 以缺血后 3, 7, 10, 14 天为观察时间点分别进行检测。
3.4.2 触觉刺激实验
评价躯体感觉和精细运动执行功能 (请注明该方法的文献 出处) 。 用相同面积 (0.7 cmx0.7 cm ) 的医用胶布贴在大鼠左 前肢腕部腹側面作为触觉刺激, 记录大鼠揭除胶布的潜伏期。 术前训练 2天, 1次 /天, 使大鼠能够在 20秒内完成揭除胶布的 动作。 以缺血后 3, 7, 10 , 14天为观察时间点分别进行检测。
3.5 取材
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« 检测结束后, 大鼠腹腔注射 10%水合氯醛麻醉 (0.35 g/kg ), 经左心室插管, 分别用 37度生理盐水及预冷的 4%多聚甲醛磷 酸盐緩冲液(pH7.2 )灌注,大鼠僵硬后断头取脑, 浸泡于 4%多 聚甲醛溶液中固定 24小时, 常规脱水, 石蜡包埋,取前自前 2.2 mm-前囟前 1.7 mm组织块, 冠状位连续切片, 脑片厚 3 μπι。
3.6 组织病理学及免疫组织化学染色
每组取 5例进行 HE染色及免疫纽织化学染色( Sp两步法)。
200倍光学显微镜下 ,每张切片在梗死周围区选取 3个固定视野 白照, 用 Image-Pro Plus (v.5.1, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA) 软件进行图象分析, 观察皮层运动感觉区神经细胞的形态结构, 计数 200倍视野 (HP ) 内神经细胞的数目, 即: n/200 HP; 测 定梗死灶周围脑组织 VEGF阳性细胞(细胞浆出现棕黄色颗粒) 的积分光密度 ( IOD ) 以及微血管的密度 (MVD) , 按 Weidner 等 [Weidner N. et al, N Engl J Med, 1991, 324: 1-8·]方法进行,凡染 成棕黄色的单个内皮细胞或内皮细胞簇作为一个血管计数,不以 出现血管腔为唯一计数标准,计算出每 m 2面积内 血管的数量, 取 3个视野的均值作为测定结果。
3.7 统计方法
运用 Windows适用的 SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据统计分 析, 数值采用 ±s表示, 组间比较采用单因素方差分析。
二、 实验结果
1. 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠运动感觉功能 的影响
1.1 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠横木行走能 力的影响
由表 16可见, 假手术組大鼠横木行走能力没有变化, 各缺 血组大鼠横木行走能力明显降低, 观察期内未恢复到正常水平。 本发明的药物组合物 30 mg/kg、 60 mg/kg给药组、 安宫牛黄丸 组能够促进大鼠行走能力的恢复, 与模型组比较, 在术后 I4天 Ρ<0.05, Ρ<0·01。 本发明的药物組合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠横木行走能力的影响
( ^ ±s )
组別 11 剂量 (mg/kg) 横木行走评分
3day 7day lOday 14day 假手术 10 - 5.60±0.49 6.00±0 6.00±0 6.00±0 模型 10 - 1,20±0.6 1.30±0.46 2.10±0.54 3.60±0.66# 本发明组合物(低) 10 15 1.00±0.45 1.30±0.46 1.90±0.70 3.90±0.83 本发明組合物(中) 11 30 1.00±0.63 1.20±0.75 2.30±0.46 4.27±0.64* 本发明组合物(高) 11 60 1.00±0.60 1.30±0.45 2.30±0.62 4.64±0.77** 安宫牛黄丸 11 400 1.09±0.51 1.40±0.64 2.50±0.50 4.30±0.45* 注: 与模型组比较 * <0.05, * * <0.01; 与假手术组比较 # <0.01
1.3 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠触觉剌激反 应的影响
各缺血组大鼠缺血对侧前肢的触觉敏感度以及精细运动执 行能力明显减弱, 虽然在观察期中逐渐有所恢复, 但 14天后该 指标仍显著低于正常组。 与模型组比较, 本发明的药物组合物 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg 给药組明显缩短大鼠揭除胶布的潜伏期, P < 0.05。
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个 表 17. 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠触觉刺激 的影响 ( ^ ±S )
剂量
组别 n 触觉刺激潜伏期 (s)
(mg/kg)
3day 7day lOday 14day 假手术 10 - 18.80±3.06 19.30±3.80 18.40±2.37 16.10±2.26 模型 10 - 335.20±36.17 259.90±28.58 146.20±12.39 71.70±9.22# 本发明组合物(低) 10 15 317.70di37.05 251.90±16.07 135.40±19.59 73.00±13.75 本发明组合物(中) 11 30 328.55±39.56 245.64±15.71 142.09±16.21 60.82±9.97 * 本发明组合物(高) 11 60 340.09±31.61 231.09±32.71 137.64±11.36 60.18±8.92 * 安宫牛黄丸 11 400 307.09±38.34 232.64±38.51 145.00±19.68 67.09±7.67 注: 与模型组比较 * /><0. 5, * * <0.01; 与假手术组比较 # P<0.01
2. 本发明组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠皮层运动感觉区神经元 损伤的影响
模型组大鼠皮层运动感觉区以及新紋状体神经细胞大量变性 坏死, 排列散乱, 胞膜胞核轮廓不清, 胞核固缩深染, 胞体皱缩, 神经元密度降低, 神经元脱失明显, 间质疏松呈筛状。 本发明的药 物組合物 30 mg/kg、 60 mg/kg给药组, 安宫牛黄丸组与模型组相 比, 神经元数量明显增多, 变性坏死组织范围较小、 程度较轻。
-29- 表 18. 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠皮层
运动感觉区神经元数目的影响 ( ±s ) 組别 n 剂量 (mg/kg) n/200倍 HP 假手术 10 - 91.6±8.2 模型 10 - 12.7±4.8# 本发明组合物(低) 10 15 22.8±6.7 本发明组合物(中) 11 30 32.2±11.7** 本发明组合物(高) 11 60 47.2±8.4**
安宫牛黄丸 11 400 39.6±9.8**
注: 与模型组比较 * Ρ<0.05, * * <0.01, 与假手术组比较 # <0.01
3. 本发明组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠血管新生及 VEGF表达 的影响
假手术组大鼠, 在皮层及紋状体可见少量棕黄色的微血管及
VEGF呈阳性的神经元和内皮细胞; 脑缺血各组大鼠, 皮层及纹状 体梗死周围区可见大量神经元,胶盾细胞和内皮细胞均呈 VEGF阳 性, 散布或丛集呈簇的 CD34阳性细胞及其形成的毛细血管分布于 梗死周围区, 并向梗死中心区延伸。 其中本发明的药物組合物 30 mg/kg、 60 mg/kg给药组、 安宫牛黄丸组与模型组比较: VEGF表 达明显增多, 血管数目明显增加; <0.05, P<0.01。
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. Ό 表 19. 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠血管新生的影响
( x ±s )
組别 n 剂量(mg/kg ) MVD(n/麵 2) 假手术 5 - 214.8±26.8 模型 5 - 359.6±14.5# 本发明組合物(低) 5 15 352.1±37.5 本发明组合物(中) 5 30 撒 5±28.9* 本发明组合物(高) 5 60 440.4±19.4** 安宫牛黄丸 5 400 424.5±34.2** 与模型組比较 * <0.05, * * <0.01, 与假手术组比较 # <0.01 表 20. 本发明的药物组合物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠 VEGF表达的影 响 ( x ±s )
組别 n 剂量(mg/kg ) IOD 假手术 5 70.0±5.4 模型 5 172.4±22.8 # 本发明組合物(低) 5 15 196.1±26.2 本发明組合物(中) 30 224.9±26.8* 本发明組合物(高) 5 60 229.9±22.9** 安宫牛黄丸 400 262.2±27.8** 与模型组比较 * JP<0.05, * * <0.01 , 与假手术组比较 #P<0.01
Figure imgf000033_0001
大鼠局灶性脑组织缺血再灌注后, 损伤导致皮层运动感觉区及 新紋状体大量神经细胞变性坏死, 肢体运动感觉功能发生障碍, 运 动协调平衡能力明显降低, 尽早建立缺血组织的血液供应是神经功 能恢复的关键环节。 本研究在缺血后的亚急性期 (第 3 - 14天) , 通过本发明组合物 (30 mg/kg 60 mg/kg )给药干预后, 大鼠的感 觉运动功能得到明显改善, 与模型组比较, 能够提高大鼠横木行走 的能力, 缩短揭除胶布的潜伏期, 减轻皮层运动感觉区的神经细胞 损伤, 升高梗死周围区 VEGF的表达以及微血管的数目, P<0.05, P<0.01。 总之, 本发明组合物可加快大鼠局灶性脑缺血后运动感觉 功能的恢复,其可能的机制是促进了大脑 VEGF的表达和微血管的 新生。 实施例 5. 本发明药物组合物的制备
知母新鲜根茎 3 Kg, 切薄片, 加 70 %乙醇 8 L浸泡 1小时, 回流提取, 过滤, 药渣再加 70 %乙醇 6 L回流提取两次。 合并提取 液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 10 L。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP825 (日本三菱公司)装柱(4 L ) , 水平衡。 浓缩液过滤, 滤液 通入色傳柱, 依次用 4 BV ( 4倍柱体积)水和 4 BV的 20%乙醇洗 除杂, 再用 4 BV的 70 %乙醇和 3 BV的 95 %乙醇洗脱, 70%部分 洗脱液回收乙醇, 浓缩至 1000 mL, 冷冻干燥,得原生总皂苷 81 g 知母新鲜根茎 9 Kg, 切薄片, 加水 24 L, 与 37°C水浴保温 72 h自 然发酵。 过滤, 滤液舍去, 药渣用 18 L甲醇回流提取 1小时, 过 滤, 药渣再用 18 L甲醇同样回流提取两次。 合并甲醇提取液, 回 收部分溶剂, 析出沉淀, 千燥, 称重得 212 g 粗 AIII 样品。
HPLC-ELSD法测定原生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΒΠ含量为 58.7 % , 粗 ΑΙΠ中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ的含量为 55.4 %。取 80 g原生总皂苷和 210 g 粗 ΑΠΙ混合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 分别用 HPLC-ELSD 外标两点法测定知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和 ΒΠ的含量为 40.9 %和 16.1 %,紫 外分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 82.7 % 实施例 6. 本发明药物组合物的制备 中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加水 48 L, 浸泡 1小时, 加 热煎煮 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加水 36 L煎煮 2次, 过滤。 合并滤 液, 减压浓缩至 30 L, 离心, 上清液备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸 附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装柱 (18 L ) , 水平衡。 备用上清 液通入平衡好的 SF700树脂柱, 水平衡。 提取浓缩液过滤, 滤液上 样, 用水洗除去杂质。 之后依次用 4 BV的 25%乙醇、 4 BV的 90 %乙醇洗脱。 90%部分洗脱液回收乙醇, 浓缩至 5000 mL。 取其中 1000 mL冷冻干燥,得原生总皂苷 78 g。 另外 4000 mL加氷稀释到 15000 mL, 加入 20 mL的 β-葡萄糖苷酶混匀后放在 50 °C水浴中保 温转化 24 h。转化后溶液离心得上清液和沉淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80Ό 烘 10 h 至干燥, 得次生总皂苷 213 g, 粉碎成粉末状。 分别用 HPLC-ELSD 法测定原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΒΠ 和 ΑΠΙ的含量为 52.6 %和 66.3 %。取 75 g原生总皂苷和 180 g次生总 皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法 测定知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和 BII的含量为 47.1 %和 15.6 %,紫外分光光度 法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 88.5 %。 实施例 7. 本发明药物组合物的制备
知母须才艮 8 Kg, 切咀, 加入 60 %乙醇 48 L, 浸泡 1小时, 回 流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 60 %乙醇 48 L回流提取两次, 过 滤。 合并滤液, 减压回收乙醇至 20 L, 加乙醇至浓度为 30 % , 静 置备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装 柱(10 L ) , 30 %乙醇平衡。 上述备用提取液离心, 上清液通入平 衡好的树脂柱, 依次用 4 BV的 30%乙醇、 4 BV的 90 %乙醇洗脱, 收集 90 %乙醇部分, 回收乙醇, 浓缩至 4000 mL。 取其中 2000 mL 冷冻干燥,得原生总皂苷 165 g0另外 2000 mL加水稀释到 3200 mL 后, 加入 30 mL果胶酶 ( NCB-PE40 ) 混匀后放在 50 °C水浴中保 温转化 12 h。转化后溶液离心得上清液和沉淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80Ό 烘 6 h至干燥,得次生总皂苷 119 g。 HPLC-ELSD法测定原生总皂 苷中知母皂苷 BII和 ΑΙΠ的含量为 19.2 %和 32.6 % ,次生总皂苷中 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ的含量为 61.3 %。 取 100 g原生总皂苷和 100 g次生 总皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点 法测定知母皂苷 AIII和 ΒΠ的含量为 47.2 %和 9.7 %, 紫外分光光 度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 79.4 %。 实施例 8. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 30 %乙醇 48 L, 浸泡 1小 时, 回流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 30 %乙醇 36 L同样回流提 取 2次。 合并醇提液, 备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP825 (日本三菱公司)装柱 ( 18 L ) , 30 %乙醇平衡。 备用上清液通入 平衡好的 SP825树脂柱, 30 %乙醇洗 4 BV除去杂质,再依次用 4 BV 的 50 %乙醇和 3 BV的 80 %乙醇洗脱, 最后用 3 BV的 95 %乙醇再 生色谱柱。 收集 50 %和 80 %乙醇洗脱液, 分别回收乙醇, 减压浓 缩。 50 %乙醇浓缩液冷冻干燥得粗 ΒΠ为 113 g, 80 %乙醇浓缩液 干燥得粗 AIII为 221 ga HPLC-ELSD法测定粗 BII和粗 ΑΙΠ中知 母皂苷 ΒΠ和 ΑΠΙ的含量为 61.2 %和 55.9 %。取 110 g粗 ΒΠ和 150 粗 ΑΙΠ混合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两 点法测定知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和 ΒΠ的含量为 32.4 %和 26.2 % ,紫外分光 光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 83.3 %。 实施例 9. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加水 48 L, 浸泡 1小时, 加 热煎煮 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加水 36 L同样煎煮 2次。 合并提取 液, 减压浓缩至 30 L, 加乙醇至浓度为 30 %, 摇匀后放置过夜, 离心, 上清液备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (日本三 菱公司)装柱 ( 18 L ) , 30 %乙醇平衡。 备用上清液通入平衡好的 HP20树脂柱, 4 BV的 30 %乙醇洗除去杂质, 再依次用 4 BV的 50 %乙醇和 4 BV的 80 %乙醇洗脱, 最后用 3 BV的 95 %乙醇再生色 谱柱。收集 50 %和 80 %乙醇洗脱液。 80 %乙醇浓缩液干燥得粗 AIII 为 125 g。 50%乙醇部分回收乙醇, 浓缩至 4000 ml。 将 50 %乙醇浓 缩液取出 1500 mL冷冻干燥得粗 BII为 153 g。 将另外 2500 mL溶 液加水稀释到 7000 mL 后, 加入 40 mL 的复合果浆酶 ( NCB-PE200 )混匀后放在 50°C摇床中, 以 120 转 /分钟, 转化 36 h。 转化后溶液离心得沉淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80 °C烘 6 h至干燥, 得 次生总皂苷 183 g0 HPLC-ELSD法测定粗 BII中知母皂苷 BII的含 量为 53.2 %, 粗 ΑΠΙ以及次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ的含量 57.1 %和 64.3 %。 取 50 g粗 ΒΠ、 120 g粗 AIII和 180 g次生总皂苷混 合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPL ELSD外标两点法测定本 发明的药物组合物中知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和 BII的含量 52.7 %和 7.8 %, 紫外分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 85.8 %。 实施例 10. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 50 %乙醇 48 L, 浸泡 1小 时, 回流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 50 %乙醇 36 L同样回流提 取 2次。 合并提取液, 减压回收乙醇浓缩至 6 L, 加入水饱和正丁 醇萃取 3次, 合并正丁醇层, 浓缩得原生总皂苷 551 g。 取原生总 皂苷 500 g用水 10000 mL溶解后,加入 110 mL的纤维素酶( AE80 ) 混匀后放在 50°C摇床中, 以 120 转 /分钟, 转化 36 h。 转化后溶液 离心得沉淀,沉淀放烘箱内 80°C烘 6 h至干燥,得次生总皂苷 283 g。 HPLC-ELSD法测定粗 BII中知母皂苷 BII的含量为 44.1 %, 次生 总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ的含量为 62.3 %。取 50 g原生总皂苷和 280 g次生总皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPL ELSD外 标两点法测定 ΒΠ和 ΑΙΠ组合物中知母皂苷 AIII和 BII的含量 53.7 %和 6.9 %, 紫外分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 86.1 %。 实施例 11. 本发明药物组合物的制备
知母新鲜^:艮茎 6 Kg,切薄片,加入 70%乙醇 8 L,浸泡 2小时, 加热回流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 70%乙醇 6 L同样回流提取 2次。 合并提取液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 10 L。 将预先处理好的 大孔吸附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装柱 ( 6 L ) , 20 %乙醇平衡。 提取浓缩液加乙醇至 20 % , 过滤, 滤液通入色借柱, 依次用 4 BV 的 20%乙醇、 4 BV的 80 %乙醇和 3 BV的 95 %乙醇洗脱, 80 %的 乙醇回收溶剂, 浓缩至小体积, 得 2000 mL。 取 500 mL冷冻干燥 得原生总皂苷 56 g。 剩余 1500 mL稀释到 7000 mL, 加入 200 mL 苦杏仁酶液, 混匀后放在 37°C摇床中, 以 120 转 /分钟转速, 转化 24 h。 转化后溶液离心得上清液和沉淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80 °C烘干, 得次生总皂苷 105 g。 HPLC-ELSD法测定原生总皂苷中知母皂苷 BII的含量为 43.3 % ,次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ的含量为 55.6 %。 取 50 g原生总皂苷和 100 g次生总皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的药物 组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测定知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和 BII的含量 为 37.5 %和 14.7 % , 紫外分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 73.5 %。 实施例 12. 本发明药物组合物的制备
知母新鲜根茎 6 Kg,切薄片,加入 60%乙醇 8 L,浸泡 2小时, 超声波振荡器超声提取 0.5 h, 过滤; 药渣再加 60%乙醇 6 L同样 超声提取 2次, 过滤, 合并提取液, 减压浓缩至 10 L, 加丙酮到 20 %备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 AB-8 (天津南开化工厂) 装柱 ( 6 L ) , 20 %丙酮平衡。 备用的 20 %丙酮溶液通入色谱柱, 依次用 4 BV的 20%丙酮、 4 BV的 80 %丙酮洗脱, 收集 80 %丙酮 部分, 回收丙酮, 浓缩至 2000 mL。 取 500 mL冷冻千燥得原生总 皂苷 43 g。 剩余 1500 mL稀释到 7000 mL, 加入 200 mL苦杏仁酶 液, 混勾后放在 37°C水浴中保温转化 24 h。转化后溶液离心得上清 液和沉淀,沉淀放烘箱内 80°C烘 6小试至干燥,得次生总皂苷 94 g。 分別用 HPLC-ELSD 法测定原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 BII和 ΑΠΙ的含量为 54.1 %和 62.3 %。 取 43 g原生总皂苷和 90 g 次生总皂苷混合均勾即得本发明的药物组合物。 分别用 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测定知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ、 BII的含量和用紫外 分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量。 BII为 17.3 %, ΑΠΙ为 42.7 % , 总皂苷为 83.4 %。 实施例 13. 本发明药物组合物的制备
知母新鲜才艮茎 9 Kg, 切薄片, 加入 40%丙酮 24 L, 浸泡 2小 时, 超声波振荡器超声提取 0.5 h, 过滤; 药渣再加 40%丙酮 18 L 同样超声提取 2次。 合并提取液, 回收丙酮, 减压浓缩至 10 L。 将 预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 D-101 (天津农药厂)装柱 ( 12 L ) , 水平衡。 提取浓缩液通入色 柱, 依次用 4 BV的水、 4 BV的 15% 丙酮、 4BV的 70 %丙酮洗脱, 收集 70 %的丙酮部分, 回收溶剂, 浓缩至 3000 mL。取 500 mL冷冻干燥得原生总皂苷 46 g。剩余 2500 mL稀释到 11000 mL, 加入 54 mL的 β-葡聚糖酶 ( NCB-10 ) , 混 匀后放在 50 °C水浴中保温转化 20 h o转化后溶液离心得上清液和沉 淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80°C烘干, 得次生总皂苷 163 g。 HPLC-ELSD 法测定原生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΒΠ的含量为 56,2 %, 次生总皂苷中 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ的含量为 63.5 %。 取 40 g原生总皂苷和 160 g次生 总皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点 法测定知母皂苷 AIII和 ΒΠ的含量为 51.3 %和 11.2 % ,紫外分光光 度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 87.5 %。 实施例 14. 本发明药物组合物的制备
知母须根 12 Kg, 切咀, 加入水 48 L, 浸泡 1小时, 超声波振 荡器超声提取 0.5 h, 过滤; 药渣再加入水 36 L同样超声提取 2次, 过滤, 合并滤液, 减压浓缩 20 L, 加乙醇至浓度为 30 %, 静置备 用。将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 D-10 天津农药厂)装柱( 8 L ), 30 %乙醇平衡。上述备用提取液离心,上清液通入平衡好的树脂柱, 依次用 4 BV的 30%乙醇、 3 BV的 80 %乙醇和 3 BV的 95 %乙醇 洗脱, 收集 80 %乙醇部分浓缩至 2000 mL。 取 400 mL冷冻干燥得 原生总皂苷 21 g, 剩余 1600 mL加入黑曲霉培养液 2000 mL, 混匀 后放在 37°C水浴中保温转化 20 h。 转化后溶液离心得上清液和沉 淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80°C烘干, 得次生总皂苷 63 g。 HPLC-ELSD法 测定原生总皂苷中知母皂苷 BII 44.3 % , 次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ的含量为 52.3 %。 取 20 g原生总皂苷和 60 g次生总皂苷混合 均匀即得本发明的药物组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测定知母 皂苷 AIII和 BII的含量为 39.5 %和 11.2 %,紫外分光光度法测定知 母总皂苷的含量为 71.8 %。 实施例 15. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加水 48 L, 浸泡 1小时, 加 热煎煮 1小时, 过滤; 药渣加水再同样煎煮 2次。 合并提取液, 减 压浓缩至 30 L, 加乙醇至浓度为 35 % , 摇匀后放置过夜, 离心, 上清液备用, 沉淀干燥另收。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 HP20 (日本三菱公司 )装柱(18 L ) , 35 %乙醇平衡。 备用上清液通入 平衡好的 HP20树脂柱,先用 4 BV的 35 %乙醇除去杂质 ,再用 4BV
-38-
-* 的 85 %乙醇洗脱, 最后用 3 BV的 95 %乙醇再生色讲柱。 收集 85 %乙醇洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 浓缩至 3000 mL。 取浓缩液 600 mL冷 冻干燥得原生总皂苷 52 g。 将另外 2400 mL溶液加 1000 mL醋酸 盐緩冲盐 (pH - 4 ) , 混匀后放在 37°C摇床中, 以 120转 /分钟, 转化 24 h。转化后溶液离心得上清液和沉淀,沉淀放烘箱内 80°C烘 干, 得次生总皂苷 166 g。 HPLC-ELSD法测定原生总皂苷中 BII 的含量为 50.2 %, 次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 AIII的含量为 57.1 %。 取 40 g原生总皂苷和 165 g次生总皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的药物 组合物。 HFLC-ELSD外标两点法测定知母皂苷 AIII和 BII的含量 为 46.1 %和 10.4 %, 紫外分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 81.5 %。 实施例 16. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加水 48 L, 浸泡 1小时, 加 热煎煮 1小时, 过滤; 药渣加水再同样煎煮 2次。 合并提取液, 减 压浓缩至 30 L, 加丙酮至浓度为 15 % , 摇勾后放置过夜, 离心, 上清液备用。将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP825 (日本三菱公司) 装柱( 18 L ) , 15 %丙酮平衡。 备用上清液通入平衡好的 SP825树 脂柱, 15 %丙酮洗 4倍柱体积(4 BV )除去杂质, 再用 4 BV的 70 %丙酮洗脱。 收集 70 %丙酮洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 浓缩至 5000 mL。 将浓缩液取出 1500 mL冷冻干燥得粗 BII为 87 g。将另外 3500 mL 溶液, 加入硫酸, 调 pH至 2-3, 混匀后水解转化 2 h。 转化液离心 得上清液和沉淀, 沉淀放烘箱内 80°C烘干, 得次生总皂苷 113 g。 HPLC-ELSD法测定原生总皂苷中知母皂苷 BII的含量为 55.6 % , 次生总皂苷中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ的含量为 46.3 %。 原生总皂苷和次生 总皂苷混匀, 得本发明的药物组合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测 定知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和 BII的含量为 26.7 %和 24.3 %,紫外分光光度法 测定知母总皂苷的含量为 73.7%。 实施例 17. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 2 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 50%乙醇 16 L, 浸泡 1小 时, 回流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 50%乙醇 12 L同样回流提 取 2次。 合并醇提液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 10 L, 上清液备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装柱( 8 L ), 水平衡。 备用上清液通入平衡好的 SF700树脂柱, 水洗 4 BV, 再 用 30 %乙醇洗 4 BV除去杂质, 再用 3 BV的 50 %乙醇洗脱, 收集 50%乙醇洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至约 1500 mL。 浓缩液反复 通入 C18柱色镨, 以 55%甲醇恒定比例洗脱, 最后得 ΒΠ (百分面 积法含量大于 95% ) 32 g。 知母新鲜根茎 24 Kg, 切薄片, 加水 48 L, 与: 37°C水浴保温 72h自然发酵。 过滤, 滤液舍去, 药渣用 48 L 甲醇回流提取 1小时, 过滤, 药渣再用 48 L甲醇同样回流提取两 次。 合并甲醇提取液, 回收部分溶剂, 析出沉淀, 沉淀用甲醇反复 重结晶, 得 AIII纯品 (百分面积法含量大于 95% ) 181 go (或者 将甲醇提取液通过硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇-水系统洗脱得到 ΑΠΙ 纯品) 。 取 20gBII和 180gAIII混合均匀即得本发明的药物組合 物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测定本发明的药物组合物中知母皂苷 AIII和 ΒΠ的含量为 83.7 %和 9.2 %, 紫外分光光度法测定知母总 皂苷的含量为 99.4%。 实施例 18. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 40%乙醇 48 L, 浸泡 1小 时, 加热回流 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 40%乙醇 36 L同样回流 2 次。 合并提取液, 减压回收乙醇浓缩至 6L, 再加乙醇至 20%, 摇 匀后放置过夜, 离心, 上清液备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装柱 (8L) , 20%平衡。 备用上清液通入 平衡好的 SF700树脂柱, 20%乙醇洗 4 BV除去杂质, 再用 3 BV 的 90%乙醇洗脱, 收集 90%乙醇洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 约 1500 mL。 冷冻干燥得样品 498 g。 即为本发明的药物组合物。
HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测定其中知母皂苷 AIII和 BII的含量 25.3 %和 12.5 % , 紫外分光光度法测定知母总皂苷的含量为 56.4 %。 实施例 19. 本发明药物组合物的制备
中药知母饮片 6 Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 40%乙醇 48 L, 浸泡 1小 时, 加热回流 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再加 40%乙醇 36 L同样回流 2 次。 合并提取液, 减压回收乙醇浓缩至 6 L, 再加乙醇至 25%, 摇 匀后放置过夜, 离心, 上清液备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装柱(8L) , 20%平衡。 备用上清液通入 平衡好的 SP700树脂柱, 25 %乙醇洗 4 BV除去杂质, 再用 3 BV 的 50%乙醇和 85%乙醇洗脱, 收集 50%和 85%乙醇洗脱液, 回收 乙醇,减压浓缩分别冷冻干燥得原生总皂苷 152 g和次生总皂苷 316 go 取 150 g原生总皂苷和 300 g次生总皂苷混合均匀即得本发明的 药物組合物。 HPLC-ELSD外标两点法测定本发明的药物组合物中 知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和 BII的含量为 27.6 %和 13.5 %, f外分光光度法测 定知母总皂苷的含量为 60.3 %。

Claims

1. 用于预防或治疗血栓性疾病的药物组合物, 其包含有效量 的知母皂苷 AIII和知母皂苷 ΒΠ, 以及一种或多种药用辅料, 其 特征在于其中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ的含量大于或等于知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ的含 量
Figure imgf000044_0002
知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ 知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ
2. 用于预防或治疗血栓性疾病的药物组合物, 其包含有效量 的知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ和知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ, 该知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ 以知母皂苷提取物形式用于该药物组合物中, 其特征在于其 中知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ的含量大于或等于知母皂苷 ΒΠ的含量。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2的药物组合物, 其中知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ与 知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 1:1至 10:1。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2的药物组合物, 其中知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ与 知母皂苷 ΒΠ的重量比为 2:1至 5:1。
5. 根据权利要求 1或 2的药物组合物, 其中知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ和 知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ的重量比为 3:1。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 2的药物組合物, 其中该药物組合物被 制成胶嚢、 片剂、 颗粒剂或注射剂。
7. 知母皂苷 ΑΙΙΙ和知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ在制备用于预防或治疗血栓 性疾病和血栓相关性疾病的药物中的用途, 其特征在于在所制备的 药物中知母皂苷 AIII的含量大于或等于知母皂苷 ΒΠ的含量。
8. 根据权利要求 7 的用途, 其中知母皂苷 AIII 与知母皂苷 BII的重量比为 1:1至 10:1。
9. 根据权利要求 6 的用途, 其中知母皂苷 AIII与知母皂苷 BII的重量比为 2:1至 5:1。
10. 根据权利要求 6 的用途, 其中知母皂苷 ΑΠΙ和知母皂苷 BII的重量比为 3:1。
11. 根据权利要求 6至 8任意一项的用途, 其中所述血栓性疾 病选自冠心病、 心绞痛、 心肌梗塞、 脑卒中、 脑血栓、 脑梗塞、 肺 栓塞、 糖尿病和脉管炎。
12. 一种制备权利要求 1至 6任意一项的药物组合物的方法, 它包括如下步骤:
使用 40 - 70%的 Ci-C4醇或 40 ~ 70%丙酮提取知母饮片、 新 鲜根茎或须根, 将提取液过滤, 收集滤液并离心, 然后将上清液 注入大孔吸附树脂柱,用选自水、 20 ~ 90%的 d- C4醇和 10 ~ 80% 丙酮的溶剂梯度洗脱, 收集 50 ~ 90% C C4醇组分或 35 ~ 80%丙 酮组分, 得到知母原生总皂苷;
使用选自 (5-葡聚糖酶、 P-葡萄糖苷酶、 果胶酶、 纤维素酶、 苦 杏仁酶和黑曲霉的一种或几种酶或微生物转化所迷组分足够长的 时间, 将转化溶液离心后得到知母次生总皂苷;
以及将一定比例的上述知母原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷混合得 到本发明的药物组合物。
13. 根据权利要求 12的方法, 它包括如下步骤:
用 40 70%的乙醇提取知母饮片、 新鲜根茎或须根, 将提取 液过滤并收集滤液, 减压浓缩后加入 90 ~ 100 %乙醇, 离心, 然后 将上清液装入大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 20 ~ 95%乙醇梯度洗脱, 收集 50 ~ 90。/。乙醇组分, 得到知母原生总皂苷; 使用选自 β-葡聚糖酶、 Ρ-葡萄糖苷酶、 果胶酶、 纤维素酶、 苦 杏仁酶和黑曲霉的一种或几种酶或微生物转化所述组分至少 1 小 时, 将转化溶液离心后得到知母次生总皂苷;
以及将一定比例的上述知母原生总皂苷和次生总皂苷混合得 到本发明的药物组合物。
PCT/CN2009/001009 2009-09-07 2009-09-07 用于抗血栓性疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 WO2011026259A1 (zh)

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