WO2009135423A1 - 治疗心脑血管疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和药盒 - Google Patents

治疗心脑血管疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和药盒 Download PDF

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WO2009135423A1
WO2009135423A1 PCT/CN2009/071579 CN2009071579W WO2009135423A1 WO 2009135423 A1 WO2009135423 A1 WO 2009135423A1 CN 2009071579 W CN2009071579 W CN 2009071579W WO 2009135423 A1 WO2009135423 A1 WO 2009135423A1
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Prior art keywords
ginsenoside
pharmaceutical composition
injection
preparation
group
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PCT/CN2009/071579
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄照昌
杨兆祥
普俊学
刘一丹
郑双庆
龚云麒
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昆明制药集团股份有限公司
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Priority to EP09741698.6A priority Critical patent/EP2286819B1/en
Publication of WO2009135423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009135423A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08Solutions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1682Processes
    • A61K9/1688Processes resulting in pure drug agglomerate optionally containing up to 5% of excipient
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for ameliorating, treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and more particularly to a pharmaceutical composition comprising ginsenoside Rb! and ginsenoside R gl as active ingredients.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition and a kit comprising the same.
  • Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading diseases that threaten human health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics on deaths of various diseases in the world in 1996, there are at least 450 million people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases worldwide, which are the diseases that cause death and disability, coronary heart disease, stroke and other heart diseases. The death toll totaled 14 million, accounting for 28.8% of the total death toll, and it is increasing year by year. According to incomplete statistics, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in 2000 accounted for 34% of the total death toll, accounting for about half of the death toll. the above.
  • WHO World Health Organization
  • Ginsenoside Rb! is one of the basic components of Panax notoginseng saponins. Its pharmacological effects are as follows: 1. Anti-aging effects, mainly in improving sexual function, improving adrenal function, anti-stress, and anti-lipid peroxidation. 2, anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, ginsenosides! ⁇ ! It has a calcium block effect and has obvious protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. In vivo experiments in rats revealed that the sublingual intravenous injection of 20 mg / kg ginsenoside Rb before ischemia-reperfusion significantly reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
  • ginsenoside Rb can inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion and reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. 3, anti-pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury, ginsenoside Rb, can regulate airway, vascular smooth muscle tension through NO pathway, inhibit capillary exudation and neutrophil adhesion, to reduce lung deficiency caused by ischemia, hypoxia Blood reperfusion injury.
  • Ginsenoside Rb and ginsenoside Rg! can facilitate the learning and memory process, strengthen the function of choline system, improve neural plasticity, and improve learning and memory function. .
  • Ginsenoside R gl is one of the basic components of Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenosides!
  • the effect of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and adhesion of endothelial cells in rats showed that ginsenoside R gl can improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and adhesion molecule expression.
  • the effect of ginsenoside R<> on apoptosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats indicates that ginsenoside R gl has a protective effect on apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and its mechanism may be related to ginsenoside R Gl influence
  • ginsenoside 11 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ⁇ ( ⁇ -1 ⁇ ) after acute myocardial infarction indicates that severe ischemia can stimulate myocardial tissue to produce large amounts of VEGF and ⁇ -1 ⁇ , which is resistant to ischemia.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • ⁇ -1 ⁇ hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ⁇
  • Myocardium plays a protective role, and ginsenoside 11 ⁇ 1 can stimulate angiogenesis and collateral circulation in the myocardial infarction area by increasing its expression.
  • ginsenoside R gl has obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  • One of the possible mechanisms is to protect mitochondrial function and resistance. Oxygen free radicals.
  • ginsenoside R gl has pharmacological effects such as immune promotion, anti-aging, and promoting wisdom.
  • Ginsenoside Rgi has a significant effect on anti-platelet aggregation, thrombolysis and other blood stasis, and ginsenoside! It has a good effect on reperfusion injury in thrombolytic therapy, and both are active components of vascular smooth muscle.
  • Panax notoginseng saponins have activating blood circulation and promoting blood circulation, and are used clinically for stroke hemiplegia, blood stasis and sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases, chest pain and heart pain, and central retinal vein occlusion is a blood stasis syndrome. Because the chemical composition of total saponins of Panax notoginseng is unclear, the mechanism of action is not clear, and the incidence of adverse reactions is increasing year by year. As usage continues to increase and expand, security issues have become an important issue. Summary of the invention
  • the present inventors have unexpectedly discovered that a pharmaceutical composition having ginsenoside Rb and ginsenoside 11 ⁇ 1 as an active ingredient not only has a remarkable effect on anti-platelet aggregation, thrombolysis and the like, but also can solve the total of Sanqi.
  • the most important safety and control issues that saponin injections have remained unresolved for decades have greatly improved the safety of use.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for improving, treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases which comprises ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside Rl ⁇ as active components, wherein the weight of ginsenoside and ginsenoside R1 is The ratio is 1:10 - 10:1.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention which comprises the step of combining a weight ratio of ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside R1 of 1:10 - 10:1.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament for ameliorating, treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • saponin Rbi for example, the injection preparation of total saponins of Panax notoginseng
  • the components are clearly fixed, the quality is controllable, the incidence of adverse reactions is remarkably lowered, and the safety of use is greatly improved.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for improving, treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases comprising ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside R1 ⁇ as an active ingredient, wherein ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside Rl are provided
  • the weight ratio is 1:10 ⁇ 10:1.
  • Ginsenoside (molecular formula: C 42 H 72 0 14 , molecular weight: 801.01 ) has a structure as shown in formula (I):
  • Ginsenoside Rl (molecular formula: C 54 H 92 0 23 , molecular weight: 1109.29 ) has the formula (II)
  • Ginsenoside used in the present invention! ⁇ and! ⁇ can be purified from, for example, the crude drug Panax notoginseng, ginseng, American ginseng, semi-synthetic ginsenoside according to methods known in the art, can be synthesized by methods known in the art, or can be commercially obtained.
  • Ginsenoside used in the present invention! ⁇ and! The purity of ⁇ is usually from 85% to 99.99%, preferably from 90% to 99.99%, more preferably from 95% to 99.990/. .
  • the present inventors have found that when the content of ginsenoside R1 in the pharmaceutical composition is higher than the content of ginsenoside, the effect of the obtained pharmaceutical composition on Yiqi Ningxin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is particularly remarkable; When the content of ginsenoside R gl is higher than the content of ginsenoside R1, the obtained pharmaceutical composition is particularly effective in promoting blood circulation, replenishing qi and collateral. When the weight ratio of ginsenosides and ginsenoside R1 in the pharmaceutical composition is between 1:10 and 10:1, the best effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can be obtained.
  • ginsenosides and ginsenosides The weight ratio of ⁇ is from 3:5 to 5:1, preferably from 1:1.5 to 1.5:1, more preferably about 1:1.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to prepare a formulation in a variety of dosage forms, and in a manner suitable for the chosen route of administration, such as oral or parenteral, intravenous Various forms of internal, intramuscular, topical or subcutaneous routes are applied to mammals Things such as human patients.
  • the preparation may be in the form of an injection, an injection for injection, an enteric tablet, a pill, a powder, a granule, a mixture, a syrup, a capsule, a pill or the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means a pharmaceutical carrier conventionally used in the pharmaceutical field, such as an excipient, a filler, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, an antioxidant, a coating agent, a coloring agent. , fragrances, surfactants, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared into a conventional preparation of various dosage forms in accordance with a conventional preparation method of the preparation.
  • the respective carriers can be selected according to the different dosage forms of the pharmaceutical composition, and the preparation of the respective dosage forms can be carried out according to the conventional techniques in the preparation of the preparation, and if necessary, the coating can also be carried out.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered systemically, for example orally, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert diluent. They can be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin capsules, can be compressed into tablets or can be added directly to the food of the patient's diet.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert diluent.
  • the active compound may be combined with one or more carriers in the form of tablets, buccal tablets, lozenges, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, glutinous rice bran Used in the form of a dose or the like.
  • Tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also contain the following ingredients: binders such as tragacanth, gum arabic, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; disintegrants such as corn starch , potato starch, alginic acid, etc.; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetener such as sucrose, fructose, lactose or aspartame; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, wintergreen oil; or other flavoring agents may be added.
  • a liquid carrier such as vegetable oil or polyethylene glycol.
  • a variety of other materials may be present as coatings or to modify the physical form of the solid unit dosage form.
  • tablets, pills or capsules may be coated with gelatin, wax, shellac or sugar.
  • a syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose or fructose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
  • any material used in the preparation of any unit dosage form should be pharmaceutically acceptable and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed.
  • the active compounds can be incorporated into sustained release formulations and devices.
  • the active compound can also be administered intravenously or intraperitoneally by infusion or injection.
  • a solution of the active compound or a salt thereof can be prepared in water, optionally mixed with a non-toxic surfactant.
  • Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycol, triacetin, and mixtures thereof, as well as in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  • Pharmaceutical dosage forms suitable for injection or infusion may include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions or dispersions containing the active ingredient, which are suitable for the preparation of sterile injectable or injectable solutions or dispersions Body, optionally encapsulated in a liposome.
  • the final dosage form should be sterile, fluid and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
  • the liquid carrier or vehicle can be a solvent or a liquid dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), vegetable oil, non-toxic glyceride, and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the formation of liposomes, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions or by the use of surfactants.
  • the action of microorganisms can be prevented by various antibacterial and antifungal agents (e.g., parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, etc.).
  • antibacterial and antifungal agents e.g., parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, etc.
  • isotonic agents for example, sugars, buffers or sodium chloride.
  • the absorption of the composition can be extended by the use of delayed absorbents such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin in the injectable compositions.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by admixing the required amount of active compound in a suitable solvent with various other ingredients as listed above, followed by filter sterilization.
  • the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze drying techniques yielding the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredients present in the sterile filtration solution described above powder.
  • the total amount of ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside R1 as an active ingredient is from 85% to 99.99%, preferably from 87% to 98%, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. more preferably 90% to 950/0.
  • a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which comprises the step of combining ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1.
  • composition preparation method is determined as long as a pharmaceutical composition within the scope of the present invention can be produced.
  • the method comprises ginsenoside 11 ⁇ 1 and ginsenosides!
  • the step of combining is carried out at a weight ratio of 3:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:1.5 to 1.5:1, more preferably 1:1.
  • the method comprises, as an active ingredient, ginsenoside Rgi and ginsenoside Rbi in an amount of 85% - 99.99%, preferably 87% - 98 based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition %, more preferably a step of combining 90% - 95% of the total amount with the other components of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the other components of the pharmaceutical composition comprise or consist essentially of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention for use in the preparation for improvement, Use in medicines for treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention has the effects of promoting blood stasis, promoting venous circulation and the like, and can be used for improving, treating or preventing diseases such as blood stasis, stroke hemiplegia, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, chest pain and central venous obstruction.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used according to a conventional method of various preparation types, and the dosage can be changed depending on the route of administration, the age of the patient, the body weight, the type and severity of the disease to be treated, etc., which can be easily diagnosed by a physician according to known common sense. Judging by the ground.
  • the pharmaceutical composition or preparation of the present invention can be administered in the following methods of use and in an effective amount: enteric tablets, pills, powders, granules, mixture, syrup, capsules, pills, once orally, 60 ⁇ 120mg (for example, ginsenoside Rgi/Rbi is 1:1, ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rbi 30mg each ⁇ ginsenoside and ginsenoside!
  • injection Liquid and injectable powder injections can be used for intravenous drip or intramuscular injection, intravenous infusion once a day, once 60 ⁇ 120mg, diluted with 5% or 10% glucose injection 250 ⁇ 500ml, slowly instilled, intramuscular one day Once, once 60 ⁇ 120mg, 15 days for a course of treatment, after a 1-3 days of withdrawal, a second course of treatment.
  • kits for ameliorating, treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases comprising the pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be present in the kit in any dosage form convenient for administration.
  • the kit of the invention may further comprise a drug delivery device and/or instructions for administration.
  • the drug delivery device is preferably a disposable drug delivery device, which may be, for example, a cartridge, ampoule, syringe and/or syringe syringe, etc., and may also include other components such as needles, swabs and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be placed in the drug delivery device at a predetermined dose to facilitate intramuscular injection or preferably subcutaneous injection. Dosing.
  • Such administration instructions generally involve how to be administered by the routes described herein and/or treatment of the disease.
  • the following preparation examples and test examples can explain the present invention in more detail.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by the following test examples.
  • the main drug efficacy comparison study, the toxicity comparison study and the hemolysis test comparative study of the medicine of the present invention and the Panax notoginseng saponins injection can be used to demonstrate that the medicine of the present invention has the improvement, treatment or prevention of the heart and brain.
  • Vascular disease has the advantages of exact drug efficacy, clear composition, controllable quality, and significantly reduced incidence of adverse reactions. It solves the most important safety of the total saponins of Panax notoginseng injection for decades. Full and controllable issues.
  • Preparation Example 1 Preparation of powder injection of ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rb ⁇ J_ in a purity of 99.99%
  • ginsenoside Rl 25g The purity detected by HPLC is 99.6% (if it is not required, then the silica gel column of Part A is applied to the silica gel column until the requirement is reached).
  • the obtained ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside Rl are in weight ratio 4: 3 ratio, add appropriate amount of water for injection, dissolve, filter, fill, freeze-dry, to make injection powder injection.
  • Preparation Example 2 purity of 85.0% of ginsenoside and ginsenoside composition injection preparation
  • the upper neutral alumina column (sample to alumina weight ratio is 1) : 50 ), Part A was eluted with a concentration of 95%, 85% ethanol solution, and the eluate was collected for TLC identification.
  • the ginsenoside 1 ⁇ single spot fraction was combined and evaporated to obtain ginsenoside Rg Og.
  • the purity was determined by HPLC to be 85.5%.
  • Part B was eluted with a gradient of 95%, 75%, and 65% ethanol, and the eluate was collected for TLC identification and combined with ginsenosides! ⁇ A single spot portion, evaporated to dryness, to obtain ginsenoside Rb Gg, which was found to have a purity of 85.6% by HPLC.
  • the prepared ginsenoside R gl and ginsenoside R1 are ratio by weight ratio of 3:4, and the appropriate amount of water for injection is dissolved, ultrafiltered, and filled to prepare an injection.
  • part A eluted with 8: 1 chloroform: methanol, collected eluate and identified by TLC, combined with ginsenoside Rl part (ginsenoside! ⁇ part abbreviated as part B) ), and evaporated to dryness.
  • Part A is added with appropriate amount of methanol and then added with 3 times weight of silica gel for mixing. After drying, pass through a 80 mesh sieve, and apply a silica gel column (sample to silica weight ratio 1:50).
  • Elute with chloroform: methanol 8:1 solution. collect the eluate and perform TLC identification, combined with ginsenosides!
  • ginsenoside Rg! 28g the purity was 91.5% by HPLC.
  • Part B is added with appropriate amount of methanol, and then added with 3 times weight of silica gel for mixing. After drying, pass through a 80 mesh sieve, and apply a silica gel column (sample to silica weight ratio 1:50), elute with chloroform:methanol 5:1 solution. , collect the eluate and perform TLC identification, combined with ginsenosides! ⁇ Single spot fraction, evaporated to dryness, that is, ginsenoside Rl 25g, purity by HPLC was 92.3%.
  • the obtained ginsenoside Rg ⁇ ginseng saponin Rl is ratio by weight ratio of 1:1, and the appropriate amount of water for injection is dissolved, ultrafiltered, filled, and freeze-dried to prepare a powder for injection.
  • the ginsenoside R gl having a purity of 85.5% prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 and the purity of 99.6% ginsenoside Rb prepared in Preparation Example 1 were ratio by weight ratio of 5:1, according to a conventional preparation method. Prepared as a capsule.
  • the ginsenoside R gl having a purity of 85.5% prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 and the ginsenoside Rb having a purity of 85.6% were mixed at a weight ratio of 10:1, and prepared into a dropping pill according to a conventional preparation method.
  • the purity obtained in 3 was 92.3%, and the ginsenoside Rb was compounded in a weight ratio of 2:1, and pelletized according to a conventional preparation method.
  • the ginsenoside R gl having a purity of 85.5% prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 and the purity of 85.6% ginsenoside Rb in a weight ratio of 1:10 were prepared, and a mixture was prepared according to a conventional preparation method.
  • the ginsenoside R gl having a purity of 99.5% prepared in the above Preparation Example 1 and the purity of 99.6% ginsenoside Rb were ratios of 10:1 by weight, and granules were prepared according to a conventional preparation method.
  • the purity of the ginsenoside R gl prepared in the above Preparation Example 3 was 91.5%, and the purity of the ginsenoside Rb prepared in Preparation Example 2 was 8:1 by weight, according to the conventional preparation method. Prepared as a capsule.
  • Test Example 1 Effect on the expression of nerve and cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in experimental mice 1. Test materials:
  • Example 1 of the present invention The powder injection prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, 210m g / bottle (containing ginsenoside Rgi is 120mg, ginsenoside Rl is 90mg), the injection solution prepared in Example 2 of the present invention 70mg / ml (containing ginsenoside is 30mg) , ginsenoside Rbi is 40mg), the powder injection prepared in the third embodiment of the present invention, 210mg / bottle (containing ginsenoside 90mg, ginsenoside Rl is 120mg); Xuesaitong injection, lOOmg total saponins / branch, by Production by Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., batch number: 200701064-13; Xuesaitong for injection, 200mg Panax notoginseng saponins/branches, produced by Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., batch number: 200701001-6; 0.9%, sodium chloride injection Liquid, produced by Beijing Shuanghe Pharmaceutical Co
  • ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody American Phamingn Corp; lmmunostain SP Kit kit, Fuzhou Maixin Company; DAB Kit chromogenic kit, Fuzhou Maixin Company; Neutral gum, Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company; Phosphate Buffer PBS, USA Sigma Corp.
  • Test animals SD rats, common grade, provided by the Laboratory Animals Room of Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (use license number: SYXK ( ⁇ 2005-0006)).
  • the nylon thread made in Japan is 0.25mm in diameter, each length is 40mm, and the head end is fired into a rod shape for use.
  • a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia was established by reference to the method of Zea Longa. SD rats were fasted for 12 hours before operation. They were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (350 m g /k g body weight) and placed in supine position. The neck was cut open, and the right common carotid artery (CCA) and neck were exposed and exposed.
  • CCA right common carotid artery
  • the criterion for the success of the model was the right Horner syndrome (horner sign) and left limb paralysis after the animal was awakened.
  • the sham operation group was operated as above, but the depth of the inserted nylon thread was 15 mm.
  • SD rats (220 ⁇ 240g) were randomly divided into the powder injection 100mg/kg group prepared in the first embodiment of the invention, the injection 100mg/kg group prepared in the second embodiment of the invention, and the powder injection 100mg/kg group prepared in the third embodiment of the invention.
  • injection blood stasis 100mg / kg group, Xuesaitong injection 100mg / kg group, control group and pseudo surgery group (n 7, a total of 7 groups).
  • the drug-administered group and the saline control group were based on occlusion
  • the duration of reperfusion was divided into 3 groups of 1, 3 and 7 days, with 5 in each group.
  • Each group administered was given 100 mg/kg of each drug immediately after reperfusion, and the group was re-perfused for 3 days and then administered once every 24 hours.
  • the 7-day group was administered every other day for 3 days.
  • the drug was administered once, and the control group was given an equal volume of physiological saline at the above time point, and the sham operator was decapitated 24 hours after the operation.
  • SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10% chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg) for deep anesthesia.
  • 10% chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg
  • 4% paraformaldehyde was perfused and fixed, and then the brain was peeled off.
  • the Mannzies method was used for neurological function scores at 2 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after embolization (embolization of the middle cerebral artery occlusion) in each of the drug-administered groups and the control group. No neurological deficit 0 points, right Horner For 1 point, the left front pawl cannot be stretched 2 points, 3 points to the left, 4 points to the left, and 5 points to death. The effects of each administration group on neurological function were observed. The effect of each drug-administered group on ICAM-1 expression was observed.
  • ICAM-1 was expressed under a 10x10 light microscope, and a single positive endothelial cell or endothelial cell cluster was positively stained as a positive vascular marker. One slice was observed in each case, and five non-overlapping fields were randomly selected from the vascular rich region for observation. Quantitative image analysis was performed to measure the number of positive microvessels per square millimeter of tissue sections. The data were expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation (x ⁇ S), and statistical analysis was performed by t test and analysis of variance.
  • Example 1 powder injection 2.94 ⁇ 0.32 2.82 ⁇ 0.18 * 2.64 ⁇ 0.23 * 2.53 ⁇ 0.22*
  • the injection of Example 2 was 2.88 ⁇ 0.16 2.76 ⁇ 0.26* 2.58 ⁇ 0.16* 2.42 ⁇ 0.14*
  • the powder injection of Example 3 was 2.92 ⁇ 0.28 2.81 ⁇ 0.21* 2.62 ⁇ 0.32* 2.51 ⁇ 0.26* Xuesaitong injection 2.86 ⁇ 0.18 2.72 ⁇ 0.24* 2.58 ⁇ 0.20* 2.49 ⁇ 0.12* Xuesaitong for injection 2.91 ⁇ 0.16 2.78 ⁇ 0.21* 2.64 ⁇ 0.25* 2.52 ⁇ 0.18*
  • n 5, x ⁇ s , compared with saline group *P ⁇ 0.05
  • Table 1 shows that ischemia is 2 hours, and the preparations prepared in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention, Xuesaitong injection and Xuesaitong for injection have no difference P ⁇ 0.05 with the saline control group, and then there is no difference P ⁇ 0.05.
  • the neurological function of each group recovered to varying degrees.
  • the preparations prepared in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention, Xuesaitong injection and Xuesaitong for injection have significant difference ( ⁇ 0.05), which can improve cerebral ischemia. 1 case of brain damage caused by reperfusion.
  • the ICAM-1 positive reaction site mainly consisted of microvessels in the area around the infarct, but no significant positive reaction was found in the center of the infarct. There were no obvious ICAM-1 positive staining vessels in the cerebral hemisphere endothelium cells in both the sham operation group and the negative control group. There were different degrees of ICAM-1 positive blood vessels in the ischemic area of rats at different time points after ischemia-reperfusion. Compared with the saline group, the number of ICAM-1 positive blood vessels in the preparations of the present invention, the preparations prepared in Example 3, the Xuesaitong injection and the Xuesaitong injection group were significantly reduced.
  • Example 1 of the present invention The powder injection prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, the injection solution prepared in Example 2, the powder injection prepared in Example 3, Xuesaitong injection, 100m g / branch, produced by Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., batch number : 200701064-13; Xuesaitong for injection, 200mg/piece, produced by Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., batch number: 200701001-6.
  • Test animals SD rats, common grade, provided by the experimental animal room of Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (use license number: SYXK ( ⁇ 2005-0006)).
  • Isoproterenol hydrochloride (3 ml/k g ) was injected intraperitoneally. After 0 minutes, a stable ST-segment shift below 0.2 mV was observed, indicating a typical myocardial ischemia model.
  • the drug was directly injected into the tail vein at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and the nitroglycerin was 0.17 mg/kg.
  • the electrocardiograms were recorded at 5 min, 10 min, and 25 min after the injection, and the ST segment displacement and T wave changes were observed.
  • the heart was quickly taken, and changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxide (LPO) were measured and compared.
  • SOD superoxide dismutase
  • CAT catalase
  • LPO lipid peroxide
  • the TBA method was used to determine the LPO content.
  • the SOD content was determined by the riboflavin-NBT method.
  • the CAT content was determined using H 2 O 2 .
  • the experimental data were expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation (x ⁇ S ), and the degree of difference was measured by t test.
  • N 5, compared with normal indicators *P ⁇ 0.05, **P ⁇ 0.01 5, 10, 25 minutes after the action of various drugs on the ECG indicators
  • the preparations prepared in the first, second, and third embodiments of the present invention, Xuesaitong injection, and Xuesaitong for injection can significantly antagonize the ST segment down-shift caused by isoproterenol (>0.2 mv) in the myocardial ischemia model. , significantly more than the nitroglycerin group.
  • the T wave low level ⁇ 0.12mv
  • the R wave is reduced and the QT interval is prolonged.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Xuesaitong Injection test Normal isopropyl gland
  • Powder injection powder injection, blood injection
  • the preparations prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention, Xuesaitong injection, and Xuesaitong for injection can all increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the myocardial ischemia model.
  • SOD superoxide dismutase
  • the content of catalase (CAT) protects cardiomyocytes.
  • Formulations prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention Xuesaitong injection, Xuesaitong for injection, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) kit (Beijing Chemical Plant Clinical Reagent Branch); Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) Kit (Nanjing Institute of Bioengineering).
  • TC total cholesterol
  • TG triglyceride
  • LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol
  • SOD Superoxide Dismutase
  • MDA Malondialdehyde
  • High-fat diet formula basic feed 84.5%, egg 10%, lard 5%, cholesterol 0.5%.
  • the preparation prepared by the embodiments 1, 2, and 3 of the invention, the Xuesaitong injection, and the high-dose group for injection of blood is: while feeding the high-fat diet, the invention is administered by intragastric administration of 120 m g /k g /d
  • the 12th week was fasted for 12h, 3ml of blood was taken from the ear vein, serum was separated, and serum TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA level and SOD activity were determined according to the kit instructions.
  • serum TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA level and SOD activity were determined according to the kit instructions.
  • the animals were sacrificed, the aorta was taken, the artery was longitudinally dissected, fixed in 10% solution of A, and stained with Sudan IV. After taking a digital camera, the area ratio of AS plaque to the whole artery was determined by Image Pro Plus software analysis.
  • the MDA level in the serum of rabbits in the AS model group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group, and the SOD activity was significantly decreased.
  • the powder injection of Example 1, the injection of Example 2, the powder injection of Example 3, Xuesaitong injection and injection The serum MDA level in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the AS model group (PO.01), and the SOD activity was significantly higher than the AS model group (P ⁇ 0.01).
  • the MDA level was significantly lower than that of the AS model group (P ⁇ 0.05), while the SOD activity was not different from the AS model group.
  • the aorta of rabbits was smooth and flat, and there was no atheromatous plaque.
  • AS model group there were a large number of bulging plaques in the aortic intima of rabbits, some of which were fused into pieces, and the endothelial cells in the plaques were significantly proliferated. A large number of foam cells accumulate, the intima is significantly thickened, and some cells are completely occupied by the fused lipid droplets. Small vacuoles were seen, and there was obvious collagen fibrosis around.
  • the plaque grade of AS was significantly higher than that of other groups.
  • the aortic endothelial cells in the high dose group of PNS were still intact, and a small amount of foam cells were seen under the intima. No smooth muscle cell proliferation was observed. The grade of arterial lesions was significantly reduced.
  • Example 4 Comparative study on toxicity of the drug of the present invention and the total saponin injection preparation of Panax notoginseng
  • Example 1 of Example 2 the blood sputum for injection, the test drug
  • the hemolysis test was carried out according to the test method of "Technical Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Drug Irritant and Hemolysis Research", and the blood sulphuration and coagulation of the drug of the present invention and the related total saponins of Panax notoginseng were observed at different concentrations.
  • Example 1 of the present invention The powder injection prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, the injection solution prepared in Example 2, the powder injection prepared in Example 3, Xuesaitong injection, 100m g / branch, produced by Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., batch number : 200701064-13; Xuesaitong for injection, 200mg/piece, produced by Kunming Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., batch number: 200701001-6.
  • Preparation of 2% red blood cell suspension Take 20 - 30ml of rabbit blood, remove fibrinogen, add chlorination Sodium injection is washed about 10 times, centrifuged at 1500r/min for 15min, the supernatant is discarded, repeated 2 - 3 times, until the supernatant is not red, the supernatant is discarded, and the obtained red blood cells are prepared with sodium chloride injection. 2% red blood cell suspension for testing.
  • test drug accurately weigh the powder injection prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and the powder injection prepared in Example 3 and the blood plug for injection, and dissolved in a solution containing 15 mg and 25 mg per 1 ml of sodium chloride injection;
  • the injection prepared in Example 2 of the present invention and the Xuesaitong injection solution were taken up in an appropriate amount, and diluted with sodium chloride injection to a solution containing 15 mg and 25 mg per 1 ml.
  • tube 1 ⁇ 5 is the test tube
  • tube 6 is the negative tube (only 2% red blood cell suspension and sodium chloride injection)
  • tube 7 is the positive control tube (only 2% red blood cell suspension and distilled water).
  • red blood cell condensation If there is a brownish red or reddish brown flocculent precipitate in the solution, it does not disperse after shaking, indicating that red blood cell condensation has occurred. If there is a phenomenon of red blood cell agglomeration, it can be further determined whether it is agglomeration or pseudo-coagulation by the following method. If the condensate can be dispersed after shaking in the test tube, or the condensate is placed on the slide, add 2 drops of sodium chloride injection on the edge of the slide, and observe under the microscope, the condensed red blood cells can be dissipated as False condensation, if the aggregate is not shaken or not scattered on the slide is agglomerated.
  • Example 3 of the present invention in the third tube (0.3 ml) at a concentration of up to 25 mg/ml did not undergo hemolysis and coagulation within 3 hours, the first tube (0.5 ml) The hemolysis reaction began to occur in 3 hours, and the hemolysis reaction began to occur in the second tube (0.4 ml) for 5 hours; no hemolysis reaction occurred at the concentration of 15 mg/ml.
  • Xuesaitong injection and Xuesaitong injection have a hemolysis reaction in the third tube (0.3ml) at a concentration of up to 15mg/ml for 3 hours.

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Description

治疗心脑血管疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和药盒 技术领域
本发明涉及一种改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的药物组合物, 更具体 而言, 涉及一种以人参皂苷 Rb!和人参皂苷 Rgl为活性组分的药物组合物。 本发明还涉及该药物组合物的制备方法和包含该药物组合物的药盒。
背景技术
心脑血管疾病是威胁人类健康的首要疾病。 据世界卫生组织(WHO )关 于 1996年全球各种疾病的死亡统计显示, 全球心脑血管疾病患者至少有 4.5 亿人, 是导致死亡和致残最多的疾病, 冠心病、 脑卒中和其它心脏病死亡人 数共计 1400万, 占总死亡人数的 28.8%, 并且呈逐年上升的趋势, 据不完全 统计, 2000年死于心脑血管疾病已占总死亡人数的 34 % , 约占疾病死亡人口 的一半以上。
我国的情况与 WHO统计大致相似。 1999年心脑血管疾病导致人口死亡 占总死因的百分比已上升到 39.4%, 也是导致人口死亡的头号疾病和主要原 因。我国现有 600万以上的脑卒中患者,其中 75%不同程度地丧失劳动能力, 4%重残, 每年还有约 150万新发脑卒中患者和 75万冠心病患者, 高血压、 高血脂疾病更是人数众多, 病人现已逾亿。 由此导致的家庭、 医疗和经济负 担已成为不可小觑的社会问题。 心脑血管疾病己成为全世界主要的公共卫生 问题之一, 研制治疗心脑血管疾病的新型药物, 已成为极为迫切的事情。
人参皂苷 Rb!是三七总皂苷的基本成份之一, 其药理作用有: 1、 抗衰 老作用, 主要表现在改善性功能、 改善腎上腺功能、 抗应激作用、 抗脂质过 氧化作用。 2、 抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤, 人参皂苷!^!具有钙离子阻滞作用, 并对犬急性心肌缺血有明显的保护作用。 通过大鼠的在体实验发现, 在缺血 再灌注前舌下静脉注射剂量为 20mg / kg人参皂苷 Rb,时, 可使心肌细胞的凋 亡显著减少。 说明人参皂苷 Rb,可以抑制缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡, 减轻心 肌缺血再灌注损伤。 3、 抗肺缺血再灌注损伤, 人参皂苷 Rb,能通过 NO途径调 节气道、 血管平滑肌张力, 抑制毛细血管渗出及中性粒细胞粘附, 以减少缺 血、 缺氧引起的肺缺血再灌注损伤。 4、 抗脑缺血损伤, 人参皂苷 Rbt对大鼠 离体海马脑片缺血损伤具有保护作用, 能够减少缺氧引起的突触小泡兴奋性 神经递质谷氨酸等的释放, 有助于降低细胞外的谷氨酸水平, 从而减轻其兴 奋性神经毒性, 保护神经细胞。 表明人参皂苷 Rb!抗脑缺血损伤作用机制与其 抗谷氨酸兴奋性毒性的作用有关。 5、 促进周围神经细胞再生, 人参皂苷 Rb! 能够促进雪旺细胞增殖。 6、 改善小鼠学习记忆功能, 人参皂苷!^具有提高 脑组织乙酰胆碱含量和增加 M胆碱受体数目等作用 , 人参皂苷 Rb,和人参皂苷 Rg!都能易化学习记忆过程, 加强胆碱系统功能, 提高神经可塑性, 从而改善 学习记忆功能。
人参皂苷 Rgl是三七总皂苷的基本成份之一, 人参皂苷!^对大鼠脑缺血 再灌注损伤及内皮细胞粘附作用的影响表明,人参皂苷 Rgl可通过抑制白细胞 浸润和粘附分子表达的途径改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤。人参皂苷 R&对大鼠 脑缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡的影响表明,人参皂苷 Rgl对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损 伤引起的细胞凋亡具有明显的保护作用, 其机理可能与人参皂苷 Rgl影响
Caspase— 3, Bel— 2的表达有关。人参皂苷 11 对急性心肌梗死后血管内皮生 长因子(VEGF )和缺氧诱导因子 1α ( ΗΙΓ-1α ) 的作用表明, 严重缺血可刺 激心肌组织产生大量的 VEGF、 ΗΙΓ— 1α, 其对缺血心肌起保护作用, 人参皂 苷 11§1可通过增加其表达而刺激心肌梗死区的血管生成和侧支循环建立。人参 皂苷 Rgl对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑线粒体功能的影响表明, 人参皂苷 Rgl对 脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用, 其可能的作用机制之一是保护线粒体 功能及抗氧自由基。 此外, 人参皂苷 Rgl有免疫促进、 抗衰老、 促智等药理作 用。
魏均娴等在《三七-现代科学研究及应用》一书中阐明人参皂苷 Rb^ 人 参皂苷 Rgi在实验性心肌缺血、对血管平滑肌作用等方面与三七总皂苷相似。 人参皂苷 Rgi在抗血小板聚集、 溶栓等活血化淤方面具有显著的作用, 而人 参皂苷 !在溶栓治疗中的再灌注损伤方面具有良好的作用, 且两者都为扩 张血管平滑肌的有效成分。 三七总皂苷具有活血祛瘀, 通脉活络作用, 临床上用于中风偏瘫、 瘀血 阻络及脑血管疾病后遗症、 胸痹心痛, 视网膜中央静脉阻塞属瘀血阻滞证者。 因三七总皂苷的化学成分不清楚, 作用机理不明确, 不良反应发生率在逐年 上升。 随着用量不断增加和扩大, 安全性问题已成为重要的问题。 发明内容
本发明人意外地发现, 以人参皂苷 Rb,和人参皂苷 11§1为活性组分的药物 组合物不仅在抗血小板聚集、 溶栓等活血化淤方面具有显著的作用, 而且能 够解决三七总皂苷注射剂几十年来悬而未决的最重要的安全和可控问题, 大 大提高了使用的安全性。
因此, 本发明的一个目的是提供一种改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的 药物组合物, 它含有人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 Rl †为活性组分, 其中人参皂 苷 和人参皂苷 Rl 的重量比为 1:10 - 10:1。
本发明的另一个目的是提供本发明药物组合物的制备方法, 所述方法包 括将人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 Rl 重量比 1:10 - 10:1进行组合的步骤。
本发明的再一个目的是提供本发明的药物组合物在制备用于改善、 治疗 或预防心脑血管疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种用于改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的 药盒, 所述药盒包含本发明的药物组合物。
根据本发明的改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的包含人参皂苷 Rgl和人 参皂苷 Rl 的组合物具有例如药效确切、 不良反应率低等优点, 尤其是与其 它包含人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 Rbi的组合物 (例如三七总皂苷的注射制剂) 相比, 药效相当, 成分清楚固定, 质量可控, 不良反应发生率明显降低, 大 大提高了使用的安全性。
具体实施方式
在本发明的第一方面, 提供一种改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的药物 组合物, 它含有人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 Rl †为活性组分,其中人参皂苷 Rgl 和人参皂苷 Rl 的重量比为 1:10 ~ 10:1。
人参皂苷 (分子式: C42H72014, 分子量: 801.01 )具有如式(I )所 示的结构:
Figure imgf000005_0001
人参皂苷 Rl (分子式: C54H92023, 分子量: 1109.29 )具有如式(II )所 示
Figure imgf000005_0002
本发明使用的人参皂苷!^^和!^^可以根据本领域已知的方法从例如生药 三七、 人参、 西洋参、 半合成的人参皂苷中提纯得到, 可以通过本领域已知 的方法合成得到, 也可以从市场上购得。 本发明所使用的人参皂苷!^^和!^^ 的纯度通常为 85% ~ 99.99%,优选为 90% ~ 99.99%,更优选为 95% ~ 99.990/。。
本发明人研究发现,当所述药物组合物中人参皂苷 Rl 的含量高于人参皂 苷 的含量时,所得药物组合物在益气宁心、活血化瘀方面的效果尤其显著; 当所述药物组合物中人参皂苷 Rgl的含量高于人参皂苷 Rl 的含量时, 所得药 物组合物在活血化瘀、 益气通络方面的效果尤其显著。 所述药物组合物中人 参皂苷 和人参皂苷 Rl 的重量比在 1:10与 10:1之间时, 可以取得活血化瘀, 通脉活络的最佳效果。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中, 人参皂苷 和人参皂苷!^^的重量比 为 3:5 ~ 5:1, 优选为 1:1.5 ~ 1.5:1, 更优选为约 1:1。
在本发明的一些实施方案中, 本发明的药物组合物可以包含药学上可接 受的载体, 从而制备成各种剂型的制剂, 并以适合于所选择的给药途径例如 口服或肠胃外、 静脉内、 肌肉内、 局部或皮下途径的各种形式施用于哺乳动 物例如人患者。 所述制剂可以是注射液、 注射用粉针剂、 肠溶片剂、 丸剂、 散剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂、 糖浆剂、 胶嚢剂、 滴丸剂等形式。
在本发明中, 所述药学上可接受的载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体, 如赋形剂、 填充剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 抗氧化剂、 包衣剂、 着色剂、 芳香剂、 表面活性剂等。
本发明的药物组合物可以按照制剂的常规制备方法制成各种剂型的常规 制剂。 根据药物组合物的不同剂型可选择相应的载体, 根据制剂制备方面的 现有常规技术可以实现相应剂型的制备, 必要时还可进行包衣。
例如,本发明的药物组合物可以与药学上可接受的载体 (例如惰性稀释 剂)组合进行全身性施用, 例如口服。可以将它们封入硬壳或软壳明胶胶嚢 中、 可以压成片或者可以直接加入到患者饮食的食物中。 对于口服治疗给 药,可以使所述活性化合物与一种或更多种载体组合并以片剂、 口含片剂、 锭剂、 胶嚢、 酏剂、 混悬剂、 糖浆剂、 糯米纸嚢剂等形式使用。
片剂、 锭剂、 丸剂、 胶嚢等也可以含有下列成分: 粘合剂, 例如黄蓍 胶、 阿拉伯树胶、 玉米淀粉或明胶; 赋形剂, 例如磷酸二钙; 崩解剂, 例 如玉米淀粉、 马铃薯淀粉、 藻酸等; 润滑剂, 例如硬脂酸镁; 以及甜味剂, 例如蔗糖、 果糖、 乳糖或阿斯巴甜; 或者调味剂, 例如薄荷、 冬青油; 或 者可以加入其它香料。 当单位剂型是胶嚢时, 除了上述类型的物质之外, 还可以含有液体载体, 例如植物油或聚乙二醇。 可以存在多种其它物质作 为包衣或者用以改变固体单位剂型的物理形式。 例如, 片剂、 丸剂或胶嚢 可以包覆有明胶、 蜡、 虫胶或糖等。 糖浆剂或酏剂可以含有活性化合物、 作为甜味剂的蔗糖或果糖、 作为防腐剂的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲 酸丙酯、 染料和例如樱桃香料或桔子香料的调味剂。 应当注意, 在制备任 意单位剂型中使用的任何物质应该是药学可接受的并且在所使用的量内 基本上是无毒的。此外,可以将活性化合物加入到持续释放制剂和装置中。
也可以通过输注或注射来静脉内或腹膜内施用活性化合物。 可以在水 中制备活性化合物或其盐的溶液, 任选地与无毒表面活性剂混合。 还可以 在丙三醇、 液态聚乙二醇、 三醋精及其混合物中以及在油中制备分散体。 在普通的储存和使用条件下,这些制剂含有防腐剂,以预防微生物的生长。
适于注射或输注的药物剂型可包括含有活性成分的无菌水溶液或分 散体或无菌粉末, 其适合于临时制备无菌的可注射或可输注溶液或分散 体, 任选地包封在脂质体内。 在所有情况下, 最终的剂型在制备和储存的 条件下应该是无菌的、 流动的和稳定的。 液体载体或媒介物可以是溶剂或 包含例如水、 乙醇、 多元醇 (例如丙三醇、 丙二醇、 液态聚乙二醇等)、 植 物油、 无毒甘油酯及其合适的混合物的液态分散介质。 例如可以通过形成 脂质体、 在分散体情况下保持所需的粒径或使用表面活性剂维持适当的流 动性。 可以通过多种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、 氯代丁醇、 酚、 山梨酸、 硫柳汞等)来预防微生物的作用。 在许多情况下, 优选包含等 渗剂, 例如糖、 緩冲剂或氯化钠。 可以通过在可注射组合物中使用延迟吸 收剂例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶来延长该组合物的吸收。
通过根据需要在合适溶剂中使所需量的活性化合物与如上列举的多 种其它成分混合, 随后过滤杀菌, 来制备无菌可注射溶液。 在用于制备无 菌可注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下, 优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干 燥技术, 得到活性成分加上存在于前述无菌过滤溶液中的任意额外的所希 望成分的粉末。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中, 作为活性组分的人参皂苷 Rgl和人参 皂苷 Rl 的总量基于所述药物组合物的总重量为 85% ~ 99.99% , 优选为 87% ~ 98% , 更优选为 90% ~ 950/0
在本发明的第二方面, 提供本发明药物组合物的制备方法, 所述方法包 括将人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 以重量比 1:10 ~ 10:1进行组合的步骤。
除非特别提及, 在本发明的药物组合物制备方法中的具体工艺步骤和工 艺条件没有特殊限制, 并且可以由本领域技术人员根据本领域的公知常识和 / 或参考本领域已知的任何常规药物组合物制备方法进行确定, 只要能够生产 出本发明范围内的药物组合物即可。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述方法包括将人参皂苷 11§1和人参皂 苷!^^以重量比 3:5 ~ 5:1、 优选 1:1.5 ~ 1.5:1、 更优选为 1:1进行组合的步骤。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中, 所述方法包括将作为活性组分的人参 皂苷 Rgi和人参皂苷 Rbi以基于所述药物组合物的总重量为 85% - 99.99%, 优选为 87% - 98%,更优选为 90% - 95%的总量与所述药物组合物的其它组 分进行组合的步骤。 优选地, 所述药物组合物的其它组分包括药学上可接受 的载体, 或基本上由药学上可接受的载体组成。
在本发明的第三方面, 提供一种本发明的药物组合物在制备用于改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的药物组合物具有活血祛瘀、 通脉活络等功效, 可用于瘀血阻络、 中风偏瘫、 脑血管疾病后遗症、 胸痹心痛和视网膜中央静脉阻塞症等疾病的 改善、 治疗或预防。
本发明的药物组合物可按照各种制剂类型的常规方法使用, 使用剂量可 根据用药途径、 患者年龄、 体重、 所治疗疾病的类型和严重程度等变化, 这 可由医师才艮据已知常识容易地判断。 例如, 本发明的药物组合物或制剂可以 按以下使用方法和使用有效量施用: 肠溶片剂、 丸剂、 散剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂、 糖浆剂、 胶嚢剂、 滴丸剂, 一次口服用量为 60 ~ 120mg (例如, 以人参皂苷 Rgi/Rbi为 1:1计, 人参皂苷 和人参皂苷 Rbi各 30mg ~人参皂苷 和 人参皂苷!^^各 60mg ), 每日 3次, 4周为一疗程; 注射液、 注射用粉针剂 可以用于静脉滴注或肌注, 静脉滴注一日一次, 一次 60 ~ 120mg, 以 5%或 10%葡萄糖注射液 250 ~ 500ml稀释后緩慢滴注, 肌注一日一次, 一次 60 ~ 120mg, 十五天为一疗程, 停药 1 ~ 3天后可进行第二疗程。
在本发明的第四方面, 提供一种用于改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的 药盒, 所述药盒包含本发明的药物组合物。
本发明的药物组合物可以以方便施用的任何剂型存在于药盒中。任选地, 本发明的药盒还可以包含给药装置和 /或给药说明。 所述给药装置优选为一次 性给药装置, 可以是例如药筒、 安瓿、 注射器和 /或注射器针筒等, 还可以 包括其它部件, 例如针、 药签等。 例如, 在本发明的药物组合物制备为注射 剂的情况下, 可以将本发明的药物组合物以预先测定好的剂量置于所述给药 装置内, 从而便于进行肌肉内注射或优选的皮下注射给药。 所述给药说明通 常涉及如何通过本文所述的途径给药和 /或所述疾病的治疗。
需要指出的是, 在本发明的上下文中, 除非另有说明, 所提及的百分比 均为重量百分比。 另外, 本文所提及的数值范围均包含端值点。
下面的制备实施例和试验例可以更详细的说明本发明。 以下通过试验例 验证本发明的有益效果, 具体通过本发明药物与三七总皂苷注射剂的主要药 效比较研究、毒性比较研究和溶血试验比较研究来说明本发明药物具有改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病药效确切, 成分清楚, 质量可控, 不良反应发生率 明显降低的优点, 解决了三七总皂苷注射剂几十年来悬而未决的最重要的安 全和可控问题。
原料来源和规格:
三七 (剪口) 20050812 昆药集团库房领取
硅胶 ( 200 ~ 300目) t岛海洋化工厂
D101大孔树脂 上海摩速公司
氧化 4; 上海纳辉干燥试剂厂
制备实施例 1: 纯度为 99.99%的人参皂苷 和人参皂苷 Rb^J_合物的粉针 剂的制备
取三七粉碎成粗粉 lkg,加 5000ml70%乙醇回流提取 3次,每次 2小时, 收集提取液, 过滤, 取滤液回收乙醇至无醇味, 加水制成每 lml含 0.5g生药 的溶液, 上大孔树脂柱(D类大孔树脂、 树脂体积 4000ml, 树脂床高与直径 比约为 10 ), 分别用水、 20%、 40%、 60%的乙醇液进行梯度洗脱, 分别收集 40% ( A含人参皂苷 R^ 60% ( B含人参皂苷 Rl ) 的乙醇部分蒸干。 A 部分加适量甲醇溶解后加 3倍重量的硅胶进行拌样, 干燥后过 80目筛, 上硅 胶柱(样品与硅胶重量比为 1: 50 ), 用氯仿: 甲醇 8: 1液进行洗脱, 收集洗 脱液并进行 TLC鉴别, 合并含人参皂苷 Rgl单一斑点部分, 蒸干, 即得人参 皂苷 Rg Sg, 经 HPLC检测纯度为 99.5% (若达不到要求, 再按 A部分上硅 胶柱的条件再上硅胶柱, 直到达到要求为止)。 B部分加适量甲醇溶解后加 3 倍重量的硅胶进行拌样, 干燥后过 80目筛, 上硅胶柱(样品与硅胶重量比为 1: 50 ), 用氯仿: 甲醇 5: 1液进行洗脱, 收集洗脱液并进行 TLC鉴别, 合 并含人参皂苷!^^单一斑点部分, 蒸干, 即得人参皂苷 Rl 25g, 经 HPLC检 测纯度为 99.6% (若达不到要求, 再按 A部分上硅胶柱的条件再上硅胶柱, 直 到达到要求为止)。 制得的人参皂苷 Rgl、人参皂苷 Rl 按重量比为 4: 3进行 配比, 加适量注射用水溶解, 过滤, 灌装, 冷冻干燥, 制成注射用粉针剂。 制备实施例 2:纯度为 85.0%的人参皂苷 和人参皂苷 组合物的注射液 的制备
取三七粉碎成粗粉 lkg,加 5000ml50%乙醇回流提取 3次,每次 2小时, 收集提取液, 过滤, 取滤液回收乙醇至无醇味, 加水制成每 lml含 0.5g生药 的溶液, 上大孔树脂柱(D类大孔树脂、 树脂体积 4000ml, 树脂床高与直径 比约为 10 ), 分别用水、 20%、 40%、 60%的乙醇液进行梯度洗脱, 分别收集 40% ( A含人参皂苷 Rgl )、 60% ( B含人参皂苷 R )的乙醇部分, 蒸干, 再加适量 95%乙醇溶解, 上中性氧化铝柱(样品与氧化铝重量比为 1: 50 ), A部分分别用浓度为 95%、 85%乙醇液进行梯度洗脱, 收集洗脱液进行 TLC 鉴别, 合并含人参皂苷 1^单一斑点部分, 蒸干, 即得人参皂苷 Rg Og, 经 HPLC检测纯度为 85.5%。 B部分分别用浓度为 95%、 75%、 65%乙醇液进 行梯度洗脱,收集洗脱液进行 TLC鉴别,合并含人参皂苷!^^单一斑点部分, 蒸干, 即得人参皂苷 Rb Gg, 经 HPLC检测纯度为 85.6%。 制得的人参皂苷 Rgl、 人参皂苷 Rl 按重量比为 3: 4进行配比, 加适量注射用水溶解, 超滤, 灌装, 制成注射剂。
制备实施例 3: 纯度为 90%的人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 Rb J_合物的粉针剂 的制备
取三七粉碎成粗粉 lkg, 加 5000ml 40%乙醇回流提取 3次, 每次 2小 时, 收集提取液, 过滤, 滤液浓缩至每 lml含 lg生药的溶液, 加 3倍体积量 的硅胶进行拌样,干燥后过 80目筛,上硅胶柱(样品与硅胶重量比为 1: 30 ), 用 8: 1的氯仿: 甲醇液进行洗脱, 收集洗脱液并进行 TLC鉴别, 合并含人 参皂苷 部分(人参皂苷!^^部分简称 A部分); 用 8: 1的氯仿: 甲醇进 行洗脱, 收集洗脱液并进行 TLC鉴别, 合并含人参皂苷 Rl 部分(人参皂苷 !^^部分简称 B部分), 并蒸干。 A部分加适量甲醇溶解后加 3倍重量的硅胶 进行拌样, 干燥后过 80目筛, 上硅胶柱(样品与硅胶重量比为 1: 50 ), 用氯 仿: 甲醇 8: 1液进行洗脱, 收集洗脱液并进行 TLC鉴别, 合并含人参皂苷 !^单一斑点部分,蒸干,即得人参皂苷 Rg!28g,经 HPLC检测纯度为 91.5%。 B部分加适量甲醇溶解后加 3倍重量的硅胶进行拌样, 干燥后过 80目筛, 上 硅胶柱(样品与硅胶重量比为 1: 50 ), 用氯仿: 甲醇 5: 1液进行洗脱, 收集 洗脱液并进行 TLC鉴别, 合并含人参皂苷!^^单一斑点部分, 蒸干, 即得人 参皂苷 Rl 25g, 经 HPLC检测纯度为 92.3%。 制得的人参皂苷 Rg^ 人参皂 苷 Rl 按重量比为 1: 1进行配比, 加适量注射用水溶解, 超滤, 灌装, 冷冻 干燥, 制成注射用粉针剂。
制备实施例 4: 本发明药物组合物片剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 1中制得的纯度为 99.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、制备实施例 2中制得的纯度为 85.6%人参皂苷 Rl , 按重量比为 3: 5进行配比, 根据常 规制剂方法制备成片剂。 制备实施例 5: 本发明药物组合物胶嚢剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 2中制得的纯度为 85.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、制备实施例 1中制得的纯度为 99.6%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 5: 1进行配比, 根据常 规制剂方法制备成胶嚢剂。
制备实施例 6: 本发明药物组合物滴丸剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 2 中制得的纯度为 85.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、 纯度为 85.6%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 10: 1进行配比, 根据常规制剂方法制备成 滴丸剂。
制备实施例 7: 本发明药物组合物丸剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 2中制得的纯度为 85.5%的人参皂苷 、制备实施例
3中制得的纯度为 92.3%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 2: 1进行配比, 根据常 规制剂方法制备成丸剂。
制备实施例 8: 本发明药物组合物糖浆剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 3中制得的纯度为 91.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、 制备实施 例 1中制得的纯度为 99.6%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 5: 3进行配比, 根据 常规制剂方法制备成糖浆剂。
制备实施例 9: 本发明药物组合物合剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 2 中制得的纯度为 85.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、 纯度为 85.6%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 1: 10进行配比, 根据常规制剂方法制备成 合剂。
制备实施例 10: 本发明药物组合物颗粒剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 1 中制得的纯度为 99.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、 纯度为 99.6%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 10: 1进行配比, 根据常规制剂方法制备成 颗粒剂。
制备实施例 11: 本发明药物组合物胶嚢剂的制备
取上述制备实施例 3中制得的纯度为 91.5%的人参皂苷 Rgl、制备实施例 2中制得的纯度为 85.6%人参皂苷 Rb 按重量比为 8: 1进行配比, 根据常 规制剂方法制备成胶嚢剂。
试验例一、 对实验鼠神经及细胞粘附分子 -1 ( ICAM-1 )表达的影响 1、 试验材料:
1.1 药物: 本发明实施例 1制备的粉针剂, 210mg/瓶(含人参皂苷 Rgi 为 120mg,人参皂苷 Rl 为 90mg )、本发明实施例 2制备的注射液 70mg/ml(含 人参皂苷 为 30mg,人参皂苷 Rbi为 40mg ) 、 本发明实施例 3制备的粉 针剂, 210mg/瓶 (含人参皂苷 为 90mg,人参皂苷 Rl 为 120mg ); 血塞通 注射液, lOOmg三七总皂苷 /支, 由昆明制药集团股份有限公司生产, 批号: 200701064-13; 注射用血塞通, 200mg三七总皂苷 /支, 由昆明制药集团股份 有限公司生产, 批号: 200701001-6; 0.9% , 氯化钠注射液, 北京双鹤药业股 份有限公司生产, 批号: 071121610。 ICAM-1 单抗, 美国 Phamingn Corp; lmmunostain S-P Kit试剂盒, 福州迈新公司; DAB Kit显色试剂盒, 福 州迈新公司; 中性树胶,上海化学试剂公司;磷酸盐緩冲液 PBS,美国 Sigma Corp。
1.2 试验动物: SD大鼠, 普通级, 昆明制药集团股份有限公司实验动物 室提供 (使用许可证号: SYXK (滇 2005-0006 ) )。
2、 试验方法:
2.1 SD大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞 /再灌注模型的建立
选用日本产尼龙线直径 0.25mm, 每段长 40mm, 头端烧成杆状备用。 参 照 Zea Longa才艮道的线拴法建立大脑中动脉闭塞( MCAO )缺血模型。 SD大 鼠术前禁食 12小时, 用 10%水合氯醛 (350mg/kg体重)腹腔注射麻醉后仰卧 固定, 颈部正中切开, 分离并暴露右侧颈总动脉(CCA )、 颈内动脉(ICA )、 颈外动脉 ( ECA )及 ECA的分支、 结扎 ECA及其分支, 由 ECA残端起始 部插入制备好的尼龙线, 进线长度为 18+0.5mm, 2小时后外拉尼龙线, 使其 球端回至 ECA残端恢复大脑中动脉的血供, 实现再灌注, 扎紧切口, 全层缝 合皮肤, 保温常规饲养。 模型成功的标准为动物苏醒后出现右侧霍纳综合征 ( Horner征)和左侧肢体瘫痪。 假手术组操作步骤同上, 但插入尼龙线深度 为 15mm。
2.2 试验分组及处理
SD大鼠(220 ~ 240g ) 随机分成本发明实施例 1制备的粉针剂 100mg/kg 组、本发明实施例 2制备的注射剂 100mg/kg组、本发明实施例 3制备的粉针 剂 100mg/kg组、注射用血塞通 100mg/kg组、血塞通注射液 100mg/kg组,对 照组及伪手术组(n=7, 共 7组)。 其中给药组和生理盐水对照组根据闭塞后 再灌注的持续时间分为 1、 3和 7天各 3组, 每组 5只。 给药的各组在恢复再 灌注的即刻经股静脉给予 100mg/kg的各药物, 再灌注 3天组在 24小时后再 每日给药 1次, 7天组在连续给药 3天后再隔日给药 1次,对照组按上述时间 点给予等容量的生理盐水, 假手术者在术后 24小时断头处死。
2.3 标本的制备
在各组缺血再灌注的不同时间点, SD 大鼠腹腔内注射 10%水合氯醛 ( 350mg/kg )深麻醉后, 生理盐水左心室灌注后, 4%多聚甲醛灌注固定后 剥出大脑, 入 4%多聚甲醛 4 ( °C )中放置 10 ~ 12小时, 再入 10%蔗糖溶液 浸泡至沉底后, -20 °C 连续冰冻冠状切片,片厚约 25μιη,切片放入 0.01M PBS 液中 4°C保存备用。
2.4免疫组织化学方法的检测: 细胞粘附分子 -1 ( ICAM-1 ) 的免疫组化 染色 SP法, 按 Kit说明操作。
3、 实验观察指标:
各给药组和对照组均在栓塞(大脑中动脉先闭塞后产生栓塞)后 2小时、 1 天、 3天和 7天采用 Menzies法进行神经功能评分, 没有神经功能缺陷 0分, 右侧 Horner征 1分, 左前爪不能伸直 2分, 向左侧旋转 3分, 向左侧转圏 4 分, 死亡 5分。 观察各给药组对神经功能的影响。 观察各给药组对 ICAM-1 表达的影响。
4、 统计学处理:
ICAM-1表达在 10x10光镜下, 以阳性染色的单个内皮细胞或内皮细胞 簇为一个阳性血管标记, 每例观察切片 1张, 于血管丰富区随机选取 5个相 互非重叠视野进行观察, 并做定量图像分析, 测出每平方毫米组织切片的阳 性微血管数, 数据以均数士标准差 (x±S )表示, 采用 t检验及方差分析进行 统计分析。
5、 试验结果:
表 1 对实验鼠神经功能评分的影响 ( X士 S )
组别 缺血 2小时 再灌注 1天 再灌注 3天 再灌注 7天 生理盐水 3.36±0.42 3.22±0.16 3.20±0.18 3.02±0.12 实施例 1的粉针剂 2.94±0.32 2.82±0.18* 2.64±0.23* 2.53±0.22* 实施例 2的注射剂 2.88±0.16 2.76±0.26* 2.58±0.16* 2.42±0.14* 实施例 3的粉针剂 2.92±0.28 2.81±0.21* 2.62±0.32* 2.51±0.26* 血塞通注射液 2.86±0.18 2.72±0.24* 2.58±0.20* 2.49±0.12* 注射用血塞通 2.91±0.16 2.78±0.21* 2.64±0.25* 2.52±0.18* 注: n=5, x±s , 与生理盐水组比较 *P<0.05
表 1提示缺血 2小时, 本发明实施例 1、 实施例 2、 实施例 3制备的制剂、 血塞通注射液及注射用血塞通与生理盐水对照组比较无差异性 P<0.05, 随后 各组的神经功能不同程度地恢复。 本发明实施例 1、 实施例 2、 实施例 3制备 的制剂、 血塞通注射液及注射用血塞通与生理盐水对照组比较有显著性差异 (Ρ<0.05) , 均可改善脑缺血再灌注 1起的脑损害症状。
对脑缺血不同时相 ICAM-1表达的影响 ( x±S )
组别 再灌注 1天 再灌注 3天 再灌注 7天 生理盐水 34.2±5.6 39.2±7.8 56.4±9.8
实施例 1的粉针剂 13.8±1.8** 19.9±2.2* 30.8±4.0* 实施例 2的注射液 13.4±2.6** 18.5±1.6* 29.6±3.2* 实施例 3的粉针剂 14.2±2.1** 19.4±3.2* 31.1±2.6* 血塞通注射液 13.2±2.4** 18.8±2.0* 29.4±2.1* 注射用血塞通 13.6±1.9** 18.2±2. 2* 30.6±2.8* 注: n=5, x±s , 与生理盐水组比较 *P<0.05, **P<0.01
观察到 ICAM-1阳性反应部位主要以梗死灶周围区域的微血管为主, 而 梗死灶中心未见明显阳性反应。 伪手术组及阴性对照组双侧大脑半球血管内 皮细胞均未见有明显的 ICAM-1阳性染色血管。 缺血再灌注不同时间点大鼠 缺血区均有不同程度 ICAM-1阳性反应血管。 与生理盐水组比较本发明实施 例 1、 实施例 2、 实施例 3制备的制剂、 血塞通注射液及注射用血塞通组的 ICAM-1阳性反应血管数均明显减小。
试验例二、 对心肌缺血的影响
1、 试验材料
1.1 药物: 本发明实施例 1制备的粉针剂, 实施例 2制备的注射液, 实施例 3 制备的粉针剂, 血塞通注射液, 100mg/支, 由昆明制药集团股份有限公司 生产, 批号: 200701064-13; 注射用血塞通, 200mg/支, 由昆明制药集团股 份有限公司生产, 批号: 200701001-6。 1.2 试验动物: SD大鼠, 普通级, 昆明制药集团股份有限公司实验动物室提 供(使用许可证号: SYXK (滇 2005-0006 ) )。
2、 试验方法:
2.1 心肌缺血模型的制备:
腹腔注射盐酸异丙腎上腺素 (3ml/kg), 0分钟后, 可出现稳定的 ST段下 移在 0.2mV以上, 则表明出现典型的心肌缺血模型。
2.2 药效学观察:
由尾静脉緩慢注射 100mg/kg剂量的药物, 硝酸甘油为 0.17mg/kg, 分别 记录在注药后 5min、 10min、 25min的心电图, 观察 ST段位移及 T波变化。
2.3 生化指标的测定:
在注射 100mg/kg剂量药物 30min后, 迅速取心脏, 测定超氧化物歧化 酶 (SOD)、 过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、 脂质过氧化物 (LPO)的变化, 并进行比较。 其 中利用 TBA方法测定 LPO含量。 采用核黄素 -NBT法测定 SOD含量。 利用 H202测定 CAT含量。
2.3 实验数据分析:
实验数据以均数士标准差 (x±S )表示, 用 t检验检测其差异程度。
3、 实验结果:
我们选用 SD大鼠正常指标作为对照, 结果表明在盐酸异丙腎上腺素的作 用下, ST段下移显著, 从 Omv P条低到 0.275mv, 大于 0.2mv, 这说明由盐酸 异丙腎上腺素所造成的心肌缺血模型建成。 此外 QT间期延长, T波下降, R 波降低。 其中 ST段位移与正常组比较作用极显著, QRS间期, 由 38.96ms P条低至 29.65ms, 及 R波, 由 0.69mv P条低到 0.39mv, 与正常大鼠的数据比 较作用显著。
表 3. 正常大鼠心电指标及盐酸异丙腎上腺素作用后的心电指标
HR (次 /分) R波 (mv) QRS(ms) ST位移 (mv) T波 (mv) QT(ms) 正常指标 160.25+18.58 0.69+0.21 38.96+2.42 0 0.156+0.03 154.55+14.96 盐酸异丙肾上腺
175.52+13.48 0·39±0·11* 29.65+0.82* -0.275+0.02** 0.116+0.05 174.54+12.69 素作用后指标
注: N=5, 与正常指标比较 *P<0.05, **P<0.01 5、 10、 25分钟各种药物作用后的心电指标
时间 组别 HR (次 /分) R波 (mv) QRS(ms) ST位移 (mv) T波 (mv) QT(ms)
酸甘油 192.25+8.58 0.68+1.21 34.61+0.42 -0.04+1.47 0.146+0.75 114.58+0.96 实施例 1的
190.36+3.52* 0.60+0.25 31.76+0.32 -0.09+0.02* 0.15+0.15 104.24+0.36** 粉针剂
实施例 2的
188.24+4.16* 0.580+0.31 29.88+0.28 -0.08+0.01* 0.145+0.19 102.33+0.29** 注射液
分钟 实施例 3的
185.22+4.16* 0.62+0.34 28.46+0.41 -0.08+0.03* 0.140+0.21 99.84+0.43** 粉针剂
血塞通
183.98+4.65* 0.55+0.21 29.86+0.43 -0.08+0.02* 0.142+0.18 100.28+0.43** 注射液
注射用
187.38+4.34* 0.59+0.33 30.88+0.46 -0.09+0.03* 0.148±0.18 102.26+0.29** 血塞通
酸甘油 180.53+3.56 0.76+0.22 38·11±1·42 -0.06+0.02 0.124+0.02 118.98+0.32 实施例 1的
191.94+3.62 0.40+0.28 25.16+0.62 -0.009+0.1** 0.052+0.35 110.94+0.48 粉针剂
实施例 2的
190.12+3.18 0.380+0.26 24.92+0.58 -0.008+0.1** 0.046+0.24 109.44+0.32 注射液
分钟 实施例 3的
188.02+3.16 0.42+0.28 24.88+0.68 -0.008+0.1** 0.040+0.12 105.66+0.55 粉针剂
血塞通
185.16+5.64 0.45+0.22 25.04+0.48 -0.008+0.1** 0.042+0.12 104.76+0.38 注射液
注射用
189.16+3.36 0.39+0.12 24.98+0.52 -0.009+0.1** 0.044+0.14 105.24+0.35 血塞通
分钟 酸甘油 187.15+6.52 0.73+0.62 40.221+0.44 -0.195+0.74 0.153+0.052 160.92+0.06 实施例 1的
197.38+3.82 0.348+0.07 25.86+0.06 0.225+0.025 134.25+0.08 粉针剂
实施例 2的
198.64+5.18 0.352+0.08 49.82+0.05 0.245+0.016 132.36+0.09 注射液
实施例 3的
195.82+4.26 0.362+0.09 48.42+0.06 0.242+0.022 130.96+0.12 粉针剂 血塞通
, 、 193.64+3.64 0.415+0.12 49.56+0.07 -0.24+0.004* 0.234+0.016 130.46+0.08 注射液
注射用
, . , 197.32+4.86 0.392+0.08 50.04+0.06 -0.29+0.003* 0.248+0.018 132.86+0.10 血塞通
注: Ν=5, 与硝酸甘油组比较 *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0.01
本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通在心 肌缺血模型中, 可显著拮抗由异丙腎上腺素引起的 ST段下移 (>0.2mv), 较硝 酸甘油组显著。 对 T波低平 (<0.12mv ), R波降低及 QT间期的延长有一定 的改善作用。
表 5 各药物对生化指标的影响
, 实施例 1 实施例 2 实施例 3 血塞通 注射用 检测项 正常 异丙腺
的粉针剂 的注射液 的粉针剂 注射液 血塞通
SOD 19.87+5.82 21.68+6.20 31.30+1.28* 32.12+1.46* 30.96+1.28* 29.62+1.96* 30.02+1.68* CAT
, 3.75+2.80 2.94+2.02 6.42+0.05* 6.38+0.06* 6.44+0.07* 6.32+8.16* 5.98+7.25* (10 4kg/Hb)
LPO 0.315+1.26 0.245+0.05 0.242+0.04* 0.236+0.03* 0.238+0.04* 0.244+0.04* 0.246+0.05* 注: N=5, 与正常比较 *P <0.05, **P <0.01
从表 5可知, 本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射 用血塞通在心肌缺血模型中, 均能升高超氧化物歧化酶 ((SOD)、 过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的含量, 对心肌细胞起到保护作用。
试验例三、 对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化 ( AS ) 的预防作用
1、 试验材料
1.1试剂和药药:
本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通, 总 胆固醇( TC )、甘油三酯( TG )、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C )试剂盒(北 京化工厂临床试剂分厂); 超氧化物歧化酶( SOD )、 丙二醛(MDA )试剂盒 (南京建成生物工程研究所)。
高脂饲料配方: 基础饲料 84.5%, 鸡蛋 10%, 猪油 5%, 胆固醇 0.5%。
1.2、 动物: 日本大耳兔, 体重 1.8 ~ 2.0kg, 普通级, 昆明制药集团股份有限 公司实验动物室提供(使用许可证号: SYXK (滇 2005-0006 ) )。 2、 试验方法:
2.1、 动物高脂模型复制、 分组及给药
日本大耳兔 84只, 禁食 12h, 耳静^ L血, 测定血清 TG、 TC、 LDL-C 水平, 按 TC水平随机分为 14组, 每组 6只。 空白对照组: 喂饲基础饲料, 每只 120 ~ 150g; AS模型组: 喂饲高脂饲料, 每只 120 ~ 150g; 本发明实施 例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通低剂量组: 喂饲高脂 饲料的同时, 灌胃给予 60mg/kg/d的本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血 塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通; 本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血塞通注 射液、 注射用血塞通高剂量组: 喂饲高脂饲料的同时, 灌胃给予 120mg/kg/d 的本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通。 实验 共进行 12周。
2.2 指标检测:
分别于给药前、 第 12周末禁食 12h, 耳静脉取血 3ml, 分离血清, 按试剂 盒说明书方法测定血清中 TG、 TC、 LDL-C, MDA水平和 SOD活性。 采血后 处死动物, 取主动脉, 纵向剖开动脉, 以 10%甲 溶液固定, 苏丹 IV 染色, 数码相机拍照后, 利用 Image Pro Plus软件分析, 求出 AS斑块占整条动脉的 面积比, 参照徐叔云主编的 《药理实验方法学》 , 对主动脉硬化斑块的程度 进行分级: I级(无病变); II级(病变占 1 ~ 25% ); III级(病变占 26 ~ 50% ); IV级(病变占 51 ~ 75% ); V级(病变占 76 ~ 100% )。
2.3 统计学处理:
数据以 x±s表示, 采用 SAS软件对各组数据进行方差分析。
3、 试验结果:
3.1、 各给药组对家兔血脂的影响
实验前各组血脂中各组分无显著性差异。 12周后, AS模型组 TG、 TC、 LDL-C水平均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01 ); 本发明实施例 1、 2、 3制备的 制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通的高剂量组(P<0.01 )、 低剂量组与模型 组比较无统计学差异。 表 6 对家兔 TG、 TC、 LDL-C的影响 (x士 s, n=5)
TC(mmol/L) TG(mmol/L) LDL-C(mmol/L) 组别
Owk 12wk Owk 12wk Owk 12wk 空白对照组 3.50+1.20 3.98+1.35 0.62+0.15 0.86+0.24 0.72+0.17 0.68+0.18 AS模型组 3.42+0.54 24.88+4.92* 0.59+0.14 4.76+0.12* 0.84+0.22 15.36+2.12* 实施例 1的粉针剂
3.42+0.56 19.86+4.28 0.58+0.15 3.42+0.84 0.83+0.28 12.72+2.76 低剂量组
实施例 2的注射液
3.48+0.52 20.06+4.64 0.56+0.12 3.36+0.72 0.74+0.21 13.12+3.26 低剂量组
实施例 3的粉针剂
3.34+0.46 18.96+4.46 0.60+0.14 3.55+0.78 0.78+0.30 12.98+2.84 低剂量组
血塞通注射液
3.40+0.46 18.76+3.68 0.52+0.18 3.54+0.68 0.79+0.26 12.85+3.12 低剂量组
注射用血塞通
3.44+0.58 19.18+3.96 0.54+0.12 3.64+0.82 0.85+0.32 13.22+2.84 低剂量组
实施例 1的粉针剂
3.28+0.66 9.35+2.16* 0.68+0.16 2.32+0.84* 0.96+0.34 4.68+1.42* 高剂量组
实施例 2的注射液
3.22+0.48 9.72+3.26* 0.46+0.12 2.18+0.76* 0.85+0.24 4.52+1.38* 高剂量组
实施例 3的粉针剂
3.28+0.42 9.16+3.86* 0.58+0.18 2·44±0·78* 0.82+0.22 4.74+2.76* 高剂量组
血塞通注射液
3.36+0.52 9.84+4.54* 0.48+0.16 2.64+0.92* 0.76+0.24 4.86+2.46* 高剂量组
注射用血塞通
3.24+0.48 9.92+4.76* 0.56+0.12 2.34+0.58* 0.80+0.24 4.36+2.43* 高剂量组
注: 与空白对照组比较: *Ρ <0.01; 与 AS模型组比较: *P <0.01
3.2、 各给药组对家兔血清 SOD活性和 MDA水平的影响
AS模型组家兔血清中 MDA水平显著高于空白对照组, SOD活性显著下降; 实施例 1的粉针剂、 实施例 2的注射液、 实施例 3的粉针剂、 血塞通注射液 及注射用血塞通高剂量组血清中 MDA水平显著低于 AS模型组( PO.01 ), 而 SOD活性显著高于 AS模型组(P<0.01 ); 实施例 1的粉针剂、 实施例 2 的注射液、 实施例 3的粉针剂、 血塞通注射液及注射用血塞通低剂量组血清 中 MDA水平显著低于 AS模型组( P<0.05 ), 而 SOD活性与 AS模型组无差 异。
7. 对家兔血清 SOD活性和 MDA水平的影响 (x±s, n=5)
MDA ( umol/L ) SOD/U/L 空白对照组 6.88±1.24 372.24±18.76
AS模型组 25.42±4.72* 204.32±15.46* 实施例 1的粉针剂
20.34±3.46 218.86±16.12 低剂量组
实施例 2的注射液
19.86±2.72 214.58±15.84 低剂量组
实施例 3的粉针剂
21.04±3.64 221.18±15.54 低剂量组
血塞通注射液
20.24±3.16 212·44±15·16 低剂量组
注射用血塞通
21.16±2.88 224.16±17.02 低剂量组
实施例 1的粉针剂
14.44±3.42* 314.82±9.88* 高剂量组
实施例 2的注射液
15.51±3.16* 318.12±10.12* 高剂量组
实施例 3的粉针剂
14.46±3.65* 320.14±10.24* 高剂量组
血塞通注射液
16.24±4.12* 306.25±9.18* 高剂量组
注射用血塞通
25.84±3.82* 311.15±10.36* 高剂量组
注: 与空白对照组比较: *P <0.01; 与 AS模型组比较: *Ρ <0.01
3.3、 病理学检查
空白对照组家兔主动脉内膜光滑、 平坦, 无粥样斑块; AS模型组家兔主 动脉内膜有大量隆起的斑块, 有的融合成片, 斑块内内皮细胞显著增生, 有 大量泡沫细胞聚集, 内膜显著增厚, 部分细胞被融合的脂滴完全占据, 胞浆 可见小空泡, 周围有明显的胶原纤维增生, AS斑块分级显著高于其它各组; PNS 高剂量组主动脉内皮细胞尚完整, 内膜下可见少量泡沫细胞, 未见平滑 肌细胞增殖, 主动脉病变分级明显减轻。
以上试验说明实施例 1、 实施例 2、 实施例 3制备的制剂及血塞通注射液、 注射用血塞通可以通过调节脂类代谢、 抗氧自由基等途径预防脉粥样硬化。 试验例四、 本发明药物与三七总皂苷注射制剂毒性比较研究
参照 2005年版《中国药典》异常毒性检查法及参照急性毒性试验法对本 发明及相关.三七总皂苷注射剂进行毒性试验比较。
表 8. 急性毒性试验结果( LD50 )
实施例 1的 实施例 2的 实施例 3的 注射用 受试药物
粉针剂 注射液 粉针剂 注射液
LD50 482mg/kg 428mg/kg 465mg/kg 293mg/kg 315mg/kg
表 9. 异常毒性试验结果
实施例 1的 实施例 2的 实施例 3的 血塞通 注射用 受试药物
粉针剂 注射液 粉针剂 注射液 血塞通 药物浓度 25mg/ml 23mg/ml 25mg/ml llmg/ml 12mg/ml 对照上面两项试验结果, 发现本发明产品在毒性和异常毒性两方面, 出 乎意料的有改善, 使得产品的安全性得到明显的保障, 发明目的得以实现。 试验例五、 本发明药物与三七总皂苷注射制剂溶血试验比较研究
依《中药、 天然药物刺激性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》的试验方法进行 溶血试验, 观察本发明药物及相关三七总皂苷注射剂样品在不同浓度下的溶 血与凝聚情况。
1、 试验材料
1.1 药物: 本发明实施例 1制备的粉针剂, 实施例 2制备的注射液, 实施例 3 制备的粉针剂, 血塞通注射液, 100mg/支, 由昆明制药集团股份有限公司 生产, 批号: 200701064-13; 注射用血塞通, 200mg/支, 由昆明制药集团股 份有限公司生产, 批号: 200701001-6。
2%红细胞混悬液的制备: 取兔血 20 - 30ml, 除去纤维蛋白原, 加氯化 钠注射液约 10倍量洗涤, 1500r/min离心 15min, 弃上清液, 重复 2 - 3次, 直至上清液不显红色为止,弃上清液,将所得红细胞用氯化钠注射液配制 2% 红细胞混悬液, 供试验用。
受试药物的制备: 精密称取本发明实施例 1制备的粉针剂和实施例 3制 备的粉针剂及注射用血塞通,加氯化钠注射液溶解为每 lml含 15mg和 25mg 的溶液; 本发明实施例 2制备的注射剂和血塞通注射液取适量, 加氯化钠注 射液稀释为每 lml含 15mg和 25mg的溶液。
2、 检验方法:
分别取试管 7支, 其中 1 ~ 5号管为受试药物管, 6号管为阴性对照管(只 有 2%红细胞混悬液和氯化钠注射液), 7号管为阳性对照管(只有 2%红细胞 混悬液和蒸馏水)。按下表所示加入 2 %红细胞悬液、 氯化钠注射液、 蒸馏水, 混匀后立即置于 37°C±0.5°C的恒温水箱中进行温育。开始每隔 15分钟观察一 次, lh后间隔 1小时观察一次, 连续 24小时。
表 10本发明药物及三七总皂苷注射剂样品溶血与凝聚观察试验
试管编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2%红细胞混悬液 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 氯化钠注射液 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 0 蒸馏水 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 受试药物 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 如试验中的溶液呈澄明红色, 管底无细胞残留或有少量红细胞残留, 表 明有溶血发生; 如红细胞全部下沉, 上清液无色澄明, 表明无溶血发生。
若溶液中有棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀, 振摇后不分散, 表明有红细胞凝 聚发生。 如有红细胞凝聚的现象, 可按下法进一步判定是凝聚还是假凝聚。 若凝聚物在试管振荡后又能均勾分散, 或将凝聚物置于载玻片上, 在载玻片 边缘滴加 2滴氯化钠注射液, 置显微镜下观察, 凝聚红细胞能被冲散者为假 凝聚, 若凝聚物不被摇散或在玻片上不被冲散者为凝聚。
3、 结果判断:
阴性对照管无溶血和凝聚发生, 阳性对照管有溶血发生时, 若受试药物第 3管 (0.3ml ) 中的溶液在 3小时内不发生溶血和凝聚, 判定受试药物符合规 定; 若受试药物第 3管 (0.3ml ) 中的溶液在 3小时内发生溶血和凝聚, 判定 受试药物不符合规定。
4、 试验结果:
本发明实施例 1、 实施例 2、 实施例 3制备的制剂在浓度高达 25mg/ml 浓度下第 3管 (0.3ml ) 中的溶液在 3小时内没有发生溶血和凝聚, 第 1管 ( 0.5ml ) 3小时开始发生溶血反应, 第 2管 (0.4ml ) 5小时开始发生溶血反 应; 15mg/ml浓度下未发生溶血反应。 血塞通注射液及注射用血塞通在浓度 高达 15mg/ml浓度时第 3管 ( 0.3ml ) 中的溶液在 3小时已发生溶血反应。
从溶血指标来看, 中药注射剂溶血问题也是极为重要的问题, 尤其是皂 苷的溶血一直是很多皂苷类不能开发为注射剂的主要原因。 本发明产品与三 七总皂苷注射剂相比, 溶血性能明显降低, 从而更能提高产品的安全性。
以上实施例只是用于进一步说明本发明, 而不是用来限制本发明的保护 范围。凡是在本发明保护范围内所做出的具体实施方式及应用上的各种变动, 都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述 药物组合物含有人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 Rb †为活性组分, 其中人参皂苷 Rgl和人参皂苷 的重量比为 1:10 ~ 10:1。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述人参皂苷 Rgl和 人参皂苷 Rl 的重量比为 3:5 ~ 5:1, 优选为 1:1.5 ~ 1.5:1, 更优选为约 1:1。
3、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 2中任一项所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述人 参皂苷 的纯度为 85% - 99.99%,优选为 90% - 99.99%,更优选为 95% - 99.99%。
4、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 3中任一项所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述人 参皂苷 Rl 的纯度为 85% - 99.99%,优选为 90% - 99.99%,更优选为 95% - 99.99%。
5、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 4中任一项所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述人 参皂苷 和人参皂苷 Rl 的总量基于所述药物组合物的总重量为 85% ~ 99.99%, 优选为 87% ~ 98%, 更优选为 90% ~ 95%。
6、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 5中任一项所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述药 物组合物还含有药学上可接受的载体, 所述药学上可接受的载体例如选自赋 形剂、 填充剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 抗氧化剂、 包衣剂、 着色剂、 芳 香剂和表面活性剂中的一种或更多种。
7、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 6中任一项所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述药 物组合物被制备成注射液、 注射用粉针剂、 肠溶片剂、 丸剂、 散剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂、 糖浆剂、 胶嚢剂或滴丸剂的形式。
8、 一种制备权利要求 1 ~ 7中任一项所述的药物组合物的方法, 其特征 在于所述方法包括将人参皂苷 和人参皂苷 Rl 以重量比 1:10 - 10:1进行 组合的步骤。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其中所述方法包括将人参皂苷 Rgl 和人参皂苷!^^以重量比 3:5 ~ 5:1、 优选 1:1.5 ~ 1.5:1、 更优选为 1:1进行组 合的步骤。
10、根据权利要求 8 ~ 9中任一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于所述人参 皂苷 Rgi的纯度为 85% - 99.99% , 优选为 90% - 99.99%, 更优选为 95% -
99.99%。
11、 根据权利要求 8 ~ 10 中任一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于所述人 参皂苷 Rl 的纯度为 85% - 99.99%,优选为 90% - 99.99%,更优选为 95% - 99.99%。
12、 根据权利要求 8 ~ 11 中任一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于所述方 法包括将作为活性组分的人参皂苷 和人参皂苷 Rl 以基于所述药物组合 物的总重量为 85% - 99.99% , 优选为 87% - 98%, 更优选为 90% - 95%的 总量与所述药物组合物的其它组分进行组合的步骤。
13、根据权利要求 12所述的制备方法, 其特征在于所述药物组合物的其 它组分包括药学上可接受的载体, 或基本上由药学上可接受的载体组成, 所 述药学上可接受的载体例如选自赋形剂、 填充剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 抗氧化剂、 包衣剂、 着色剂、 芳香剂和表面活性剂中的一种或更多种。
14、 权利要求 1 ~ 7中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备改善、 治疗或预防 心脑血管疾病的药物中的用途。
15、根据权利要求 14所述的用途,其中所述心脑血管疾病包括瘀血阻络、 中风偏瘫、 胸痹心痛和症视网膜中央静脉阻塞症中的一种或更多种疾病。
16、 一种用于改善、 治疗或预防心脑血管疾病的药盒, 其特征在于所述 药盒包含权利要求 1 ~ 7中任一项所述的药物组合物。
17、根据权利要求 16所述的药盒,其中所述药盒还包含给药装置和 /或给 药说明。
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