Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
  • C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
  • C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B39/00—Halogenation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
  • C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
  • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C233/16—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
  • C07C233/24—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C233/25—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
  • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C233/16—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
  • C07C233/24—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C233/28—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted biphenyls by reacting aryl halides with tetraaryl borates in the presence of palladium catalysts.
• Biaryl compounds in particular biphenyl compounds, have industrial significance as fine chemicals, intermediates for pharmaceuticals, optical brighteners and agrochemicals.
• Arylboronic acids are frequently used as coupling partners in the Suzuki couplings described in the prior art. These have the disadvantage that only one aryl radical can be transferred with each equivalent of the arylboronic acid used.
• WO 2006/092429 describes the reaction of aromatic borinic acids with aryl halides in aqueous solvent systems, inter alia in the presence of trialkylphosphines.
• a disadvantage of this method that borinic acids are not readily accessible synthetically in all cases and that the reactivity is significantly worse than that of the corresponding boronic acids.
• borinic acids there is also a desire to increase the number of transmittable aryl radicals.
• G. Lu et al. describe in Tetrahedron Letters 2005, 46, 4255-4259 the use of sodium tetraphenylborates and sodium tetratolylborates as stable and commercially available borate sources.
• WO 2009/003650 teaches that the course of the Suzuki reaction is also decisively influenced by the reactivity of the boronic acid or borinic acid used, it being possible in particular for aromatics which are deactivated by electron-withdrawing substituents to react more slowly and to give homocoupling products.
• this problem is hardly considered in the literature, since it is usually carried out in a large excess of boronic acid and the yields are based only on the conversion of the haloaromatic.
• a further disadvantage of the processes described in the prior art is therefore the competing homocoupling reaction of the haloaromatics with the formation of toxic polyhalogenated biphenyls.
• a first object of the present invention is to improve the space-time yield of the Suzuki coupling.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel process for the preparation of electron-poor biphenyls, in particular those substituted by a plurality of (2, 3 or 4) halogen atoms, which does not have the disadvantages of the known processes.
• the process should be suitable for large-scale implementation and provide electron-poor biphenyls in high yield and purity with optimum catalyst productivity.
• X 1 and X 2 are independently selected from halogen atoms and linear or branched Ci.u-alkyl groups; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; R 1 is selected from the group consisting of amino (NHR 2 ), nitro (NO 2 ), amide
• R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from linear or branched C
• R 5 is a linear or branched C
• Hal is selected from bromine, chlorine and iodine
• R 1 , X 1 and n correspond to the above definitions; in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst in a solvent, with tetraaryl borates of the formula (IH) - A -
• the process according to the invention preferably allows the coupling of all 4 aryl radicals of the tetraarylborate (IH) to the aryl halides of the formula (ET). It thus improves the space-time yield of the Suzuki coupling.
• halogens includes those elements selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being preferred and fluorine and chlorine being particularly preferred preferably used.
• Optionally substituted groups may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted, with multiple substituents the substituents may be the same or different.
• Alkyl groups substituted by one or more halogen atoms (-X) are for example selected from trifluoromethyl (CF 3 ), difluoromethyl (CHF 2 ), CF 3 CH 2 , ClCH 2 , CF 3 CCl 2 .
• Alkyl groups are in the context of the present invention, unless otherwise defined, linear or branched hydrocarbon groups which may optionally have one, two or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, P and S.
• Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl comprises the largest range defined herein for an alkyl group.
• this definition includes, for example, the meanings methyl, ethyl, n-, iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- and t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3- Dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl.
• Cycloalkyl groups are in the context of the present invention, unless otherwise defined, annular hydrocarbon groups which may optionally have one, two or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, P and S.
• C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl includes the largest range defined herein for a cycloalkyl group. Specifically, this definition includes, for example, the meanings cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• Aryl groups in the context of the present invention are, unless otherwise defined, aromatic hydrocarbon groups which may have one, two or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, P and S and may optionally be substituted by further groups selected from -R ', halogen (-X), alkoxy (-OR'), thioether or mercapto (-SR '), amino (-NR' 2 ), SiIyI- (-SiR ' 3 ), carboxyl (-COOR '), cyano (-CN), acyl
• R ' is hydrogen or a Ci., 2 -alkyl group, preferably C 2 .io-alkyl group, particularly preferably C 3 .s-alkyl group is one or more
• Heteroatoms selected from N, O, P and S may have.
• C 5 .i 8 -aryl comprises the largest range defined herein for an aryl group having 5 to 18 skeleton atoms, wherein the C atoms may be exchanged for heteroatoms.
• this definition includes, for example, the meanings cyclopentadienyl, phenyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctatetraenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl; 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3 Pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5- Oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-imi
• Arylalkyl groups are in the context of the present invention, unless otherwise defined, substituted by aryl groups substituted alkyl groups, a C
• . 8 -alkylene chain and may be substituted in the aryl skeleton or the alkylene chain by one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, P and S and optionally substituted by further groups selected from -R ', halogen- (-X ), Alkoxy (-OR '), thioether or mercapto (-SR'), amino (-NR ' 2 ), silyl (-SiR' 3 ), carboxyl (-COOR '), cyano ( -CN), acyl (- (C O) R ') and amide groups (-CONR' 2), wherein R 'is hydrogen or a C M2 alkyl group, preferably C 2 - ⁇ o alkyl group, particularly preferably C 3 .
• the 8- alkyl group which may have one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O, P and S.
• the 9- aralkyl group includes the largest range defined herein for an arylalkyl group having a total of 7 to 19 atoms in the backbone and alkylene chain. Specifically, this definition includes, for example, the meanings benzyl and phenylethyl.
• Alkylaryl groups are, if not defined in the context of the present invention different, substituted by alkyl groups and aryl groups which have a C
• _ 8 - may have alkylene and aryl skeleton or the alkylene chain by one or more Heteroatoms which may be selected from O, N, P and S and may optionally be substituted by further groups selected from -R ', halogen- (-X), alkoxy- (-OR'), thioether- or mercapto (-SR '), amino (-NR' 2 ), silyl (-SiR ' 3 ), carboxyl (-COOR'), cyano (-CN), acyl (- (C O) R ' ) and amide groups (-CONR '2), wherein R' is hydrogen or a C M2 alkyl group, preferably C. 2
• C7-i9-alkylaryl group includes the largest range defined herein for an alkylaryl group having a total of 7 to 19 atoms in the backbone and alkylene chain.
• this definition includes, for example, the meanings ToIyI-, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-dimethylphenyl.
• the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl groups may additionally have one or more heteroatoms which, unless otherwise defined, are selected from N, O, P and S.
• the heteroatoms replace the numbered carbon atoms.
• the compounds according to the invention can be present as mixtures of various possible isomeric forms, in particular of stereoisomers, such as, for example, E and Z, threo and erythro, as well as optical isomers, but optionally also of tautomers. Both the E and the Z isomers, as well as the threo and erythro, and the optical isomers, any mixtures of these isomers, as well as the possible tautomeric forms are disclosed and claimed.
• X 2 is 3/4 chloro; n is 1; m is 2;
• R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from linear or branched C
• X 2 is 3,4,5-fluorine; n is 1; m is 3;
• R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from linear or branched C).
• the aryl halides of the formula (II) are in connection with the present invention chloro, bromo or iodoaromatics.
• X 1 is selected from halogen atoms and linear or branched Ci.i 2 alkyl groups, preferably 5-fluoro; n is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of amino (NHR 2 ), nitro (NO 2 ), amide
• R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from linear or branched C
• the aryl halides of the formula (II) are selected from the group consisting of N- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide, N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide, N- ( 2-bromophenyl) acetamide, N- (2-chlorophenyl) acetamide, N- (2-chlorophenyl) -3-oxobutanamide, N- (2-bromophenyl) -3-oxobutanamide, N- (2-chloro-4- fluorophenyl) -3-oxobutanamide, N- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -3-oxobutanamide, 2-bromo-N- (propan-2-ylidene) aniline, 2-bromo-N- (propan-2-ylidene) aniline, 2-bromo-N- (propan-2-ylidene) aniline, 2-bromo
• N- (2-bromo-phenyl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide N- (2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -1 methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N- (2-bromophenyl) -2-chloronicotinamide.
• tetraarylborates according to the invention are compounds of the formula (III)
• X 2 is selected from halogen atoms and linear or branched Ci. ⁇ -alkyl groups, preferably from halogen atoms, more preferably X 2 is chlorine or fluorine; m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3, more preferably 2 or 3.
• M is a cation which, for example, is selected from the group consisting of
• the tetraarylborate of the formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of sodium tetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate, potassium tetrakis (3,4-dichloro) dichlo ⁇ henyl) borate, sodium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate, potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate, sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate, potassium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate.
• Particularly preferred tetraaryl borates in the context of the present invention are sodium tetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate, sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate, sodium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate.
• tetraarylborates can be prepared, for example, according to the synthesis instructions in J. Serwatoski et al. Tetrahedron Letters 2003, 44, 7329.
• the coupling of the tetraarylborates of the formula (III) with the aryl halides of the formula (II) preferably takes place in the presence of at least one solvent which is, for example, selected from the group consisting of water, aliphatic ethers, if appropriate halogenated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, Esters, aromatic or aliphatic nitriles and dipolar aprotic solvents, such as dialkyl sulfoxides, N, N-dialkylamides of aliphatic carboxylic acids or alkylated lactams.
• solvent is, for example, selected from the group consisting of water, aliphatic ethers, if appropriate halogenated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, Esters, aromatic or aliphatic nitriles and dipolar aprotic solvents, such as dialkyl sulfoxides, N, N-dialkylamides of aliphatic carboxylic acids or alkyl
• solvents which are selected from the group consisting of THF, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), dimethyl ether (DME), 2-methyl THF, Acetonitrile, butyronitrile, toluene, xylenes, mesitylene, anisole, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, water and Mixtures of these. Very particular preference is given to mixtures of toluene, THF or dioxane and water.
• the organic solvents are preferably used as cosolvents.
• the solvent mixtures according to the invention may contain between 0.1 and 95% by volume and preferably between 1 and 60% by volume of water, based on the mixture of water and the organic solvent. Since an acid is formed in the reaction, it is advantageous to trap the resulting acid by adding a base.
• the base can either be present from the beginning or be added continuously during the reaction (semi-batch process).
• Suitable bases in accordance with the present invention include, for example, primary, secondary and tertiary amines such as alkylamines, dialkylamines, trialkylamines, which may be alicyclic or open-chain; Alkali and alkaline earth salts of aliphatic and / or aromatic carboxylic acids, such as acetates, propionates or benzoates; Alkali and alkaline earth carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and / or hydroxides; and metal alkoxides, in particular alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethanolate, magnesium methoxide, calcium ethoxide, sodium tert.
• primary, secondary and tertiary amines such as alkylamines, dialkylamines, trialkylamines, which may be alicyclic or open-chain
• the base is a carbonate, hydroxide or phosphate of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or cesium. Particularly preferred are NaOH, KOH, potash and soda.
• the Suzuki coupling proceeds in the presence of palladium catalysts.
• palladium catalysts In principle, all the palladium catalysts described in the prior art in connection with Suzuki couplings can be used.
• palladium catalysts which are selected from the following groups (a) to (c): a) Palladium complexes comprising palladium in the oxidation state zero and phosphine ligands of the general formula PR ' 3 , where R' is independently selected from the group consisting of C
• the palladium catalyst of category (a) is selected from the group consisting of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tetrakis (tri-tert-butylphosphine) palladium, adamantan-1-yl (adamantan-2-yl) -butylphosphinepalladium,
• the palladium catalyst of category (b) is selected from the group consisting of palladium chloride, palladium acetate or bisacetonitrile palladium chloride, palladium (II) dibenzylideneacetone, bisacetylacetonate palladium.
• the palladium catalysts used are generally generated in situ from at least one palladium (II) salt or a palladium (O) compound and the corresponding phosphine ligands. However, they can also be used directly as the palladium (O) compound without impairing the initial catalytic activity.
• the coupling of electron-poor borates preferably electron-rich and / or sterically hindered Phosphi ⁇ e be used in combination with the palladium (O) source.
• Examples are branched in the alkyl portion of methyl di (C 3 8 alkyl.) Phosphine or Tn (C 3-8 - alkyl) phosphine or salts thereof, particularly preferably of methyl-di (tert-butyl) phosphine and tri (tert-butyl) phosphine.
• Pentaphenyl- (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene Pentaphenyl- (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene.
• the combination of tri (tert-butyl) phosphine with Pd 2 dba 3 has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of reactivity and formation of homocoupling products.
• the trialkylphosphine can also be used as the trialkylphosphonium salt, for example as tetrafluoroborate (Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 4295), perchlorate or hydrogensulfate, and can be released therefrom by base in situ.
• the molar ratio of palladium to phosphine ligand or phosphinoferrocenyl ligand should be between 4: 1 and 1:50, and is preferably between 1: 1 and 1: 5, more preferably between 1: 1 and 1: 2.
• the category (b) palladium catalyst contains from 6 to 60 equivalents of triphenylphosphine or tri-tert-butylphosphine per equivalent of palladium salt.
• Pd [P (tert-But) 3 ] 2 can also be used directly according to the invention, the preparation of which is described in JACS 1976, 98, 5850; JACS 1977, 99, 2134 and in JACS 2001, 123, 2719.
• the catalyst system (Pd + ligand) may be added together or separately either at room temperature or in the heat.
• the system may be prepared separately by combining a Pd salt and the ligand, or purchased in crystalline form, just prior to implementation. It is also possible to add the ligand and then the palladium salt directly into the batch (in the .stfw method).
• the aryl halides of the formula (II) and the tetraaryl borates of the formula (III) are used in the ratio 4: 1, preferably in the ratio 3: 1 (II: III).
• one of the two components (II or III), preferably the tetraarylborate (III) can be used in excess.
• a solution of the tetraarylborate (III) is preferably metered in, while the aryl halide (II), the catalyst and optionally the base are initially charged. It has been observed that this practice of the invention reduces the formation of polychlorinated biphenyls which are homocoupling products.
• the reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of 20 to 200 0 C, preferably from 40 to 100 0 C, more preferably from 60 to 90 0 C, and at a pressure up to 100 bar, preferably at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 40 bar , carried out.
• the reaction is preferably carried out under exclusion of atmospheric oxygen under protective gas atmosphere, such as under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere. Due to the catalyst activities and stabilities, it is possible with the process according to the invention to use extremely small amounts of catalyst, so that the catalyst costs are not limiting in comparison to the known Suzuki reactions for the corresponding process.
• inventive method 0.001 to 10.0 mol%, preferably 0.005 to 3.0 mol%, particularly preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mol% of the palladium catalyst - based on the aryl halide of the formula (II) - used
• the catalyst can remain in the final product in most cases.
• purification of the resulting biaryls by filtration, e.g. via Celite.
• Example 1 Coupling of ⁇ - (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate in the presence of biphenyl-2-yl (di-tert-butyl) phosphine
• Example 2 Coupling of ⁇ - (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate in the presence of tri (tert-butyl) phosphine 95.7 mg [412 ⁇ mol] N- (2- Bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide, 69.2 mg [1 12 ⁇ mol] of sodium tetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate and 94.3 mg [890 ⁇ mol] of sodium carbonate are dissolved in 0.8 ml of toluene and 0, with exclusion of oxygen, 2 ml of water submitted.
• Example 3 Coupling of ⁇ 42-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with ⁇ atriumtetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate in the presence of l, l-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene
• Example 4 Coupling of / V- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4-dichlorophenyl) borate in the presence of 1,3-bis (di-tert-butylphosphinomethylene) phenyl
• Example 6 Coupling of W- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate in the presence of biphenyl-2-yl (di-tert-butyl) phosphine 104.1 mg 449 ⁇ mol] / V- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide, 59.0 mg [106 ⁇ mol] of sodium tetrakis- (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate and 1 1 1.3 mg [1050 ⁇ mol] of sodium carbonate excluding submitted to oxygen in 0.8 ml of toluene and 0.2 ml of water.
• Example 7 Coupling of N- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate in the presence of tri (tert-butyl) phosphine 102.9 mg [443 ⁇ mol] of JV- ( 2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide, 70.7 mg [127 ⁇ mol] of sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate and 100.7 mg of [950 ⁇ mol] of sodium carbonate are added in 0.8 ml without oxygen Submitted toluene and 0.2 ml of water.
• Example 8 Coupling of ⁇ '- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate in the presence of 1,1-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene
• Example 9 Coupling of 7V- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) acetamide with sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate in the presence of 1: 3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1 '- (di-tert -butyIphosphino) - ferrocene
• Example 11 Preparation of sodium tetrakis (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) borate To a suspension of 4.15 g [171 mmol] of magnesium and 4.74 g [43 mmol] of sodium tetrafluoroborate in 50 ml of diethyl ether, 35 g [166 mmol] of 5-bromo-l ( 2,3-trifluorobenzene in 100 ml of diethyl ether in about 2 hours with slight reflux added dropwise.
• the Grignard start after about 5% addition of 5-bromo-l, 2,3-
• the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 12 hours at room temperature and the mixture is allowed to flow into a solution of 50 g of sodium carbonate in 700 ml of water After distilling off diethyl ether, the aqueous phase is extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether, and the combined organic phases are washed with Na 2 SO 4 and the solvent removed in vacuo.

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