WO2011021485A1 - 出力フィルタとそれを備えた電動機駆動システム - Google Patents
出力フィルタとそれを備えた電動機駆動システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011021485A1 WO2011021485A1 PCT/JP2010/062685 JP2010062685W WO2011021485A1 WO 2011021485 A1 WO2011021485 A1 WO 2011021485A1 JP 2010062685 W JP2010062685 W JP 2010062685W WO 2011021485 A1 WO2011021485 A1 WO 2011021485A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/24—Variable impedance in stator or rotor circuit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
- B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
- B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an output filter and a motor drive system including the same.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-84357 discloses a method of inserting an output filter on the output side of a power conversion device.
- an output filter includes a common mode voltage divider, a neutral point detection circuit connected in parallel to the output of the common mode voltage divider, and an output of the neutral point detection circuit 103. It is described that it comprises from a series connected bypass circuit. In the common mode, this output filter constitutes an LC low-pass filter including the inductance L of the common mode voltage divider and the capacitor C of the neutral point detection circuit and the bypass circuit.
- the output filter constitutes an LC low-pass filter
- this resonant frequency is set to be sufficiently lower than the carrier frequency of the power converter and to be sufficiently higher than the operating frequency.
- the output voltage of the power conversion device A phenomenon occurs in which the common mode voltage to be superimposed is excited and amplified to lead to an overvoltage, and there is a problem that the motor can not be operated by changing the set value of the carrier frequency.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and when driving the motor by changing the set value of the carrier frequency of the power converter, excitation of the common mode voltage to be superimposed on the output voltage of the power converter is performed.
- a typical configuration in the present invention is configured as follows.
- the output filter is disposed between the output of the power conversion device supplying power for driving the three-phase motor and the three-phase motor, and the setting value of the resonance frequency is set according to the setting value of the carrier frequency of the power conversion device. It has a configuration to change.
- the other typical structure in this invention is comprised as follows.
- the motor drive system is disposed between an output of the power conversion device and the three-phase motor, which has a three-phase motor, a power conversion device supplying power for driving the three-phase motor, and a carrier frequency of the power conversion device.
- an output filter having a configuration for changing the set value of the resonance frequency in accordance with the set value.
- the motor drive system can change the resonance frequency of the output filter in response to the setting change of the carrier frequency of the power conversion device, the resonance frequency and the carrier frequency approach each other, and the power conversion device It is possible to prevent the phenomenon that the common mode voltage superimposed on the output voltage of V.sup.2 is excited and amplified to lead to an overvoltage.
- Configuration diagram of bypass circuit 104 Configuration diagram of bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b Gain characteristic chart in common mode of output filter 101
- Simulation waveform diagram of common mode voltages Vc1 and Vc2 at carrier frequency fc 15 kHz
- Simulation waveform diagram of common mode voltages Vc1 and Vc2 at carrier frequency fc 5 kHz
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an output filter and a motor drive system including the output filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the motor drive system includes a power conversion device 100 and an output filter 101, and drives a motor 105.
- a commercial power supply is connected to the input terminals r, s, t of the power conversion device 100, and the output terminals u, v, w are output terminals of PWM inverters not shown.
- the output filter 101 is connected between the power converter 100 and the motor 105.
- the output filter 101 includes a common mode voltage divider 102, a neutral point detection circuit 103 connected in parallel to the output terminals u2, v2 and w2 of the common mode voltage divider 102, and an output terminal of the neutral point detection circuit 103. and a bypass circuit 109 connected in series to f1.
- the common mode voltage divider 102 is configured by a common mode choke coil having an inductance value Lc.
- the neutral point detection circuit 103 is composed of a capacitor C and a neutral point detection transformer.
- This neutral point detection transformer comprises a three-phase reactor 108, and one terminal on the primary side is a capacitor C dispersedly connected to each phase of the output terminals u2, v2, w2 of the common mode voltage divider 102. The other end of the primary side is connected to a star connection to create a neutral point. Further, the secondary side of the three-phase reactor 108 is delta connected.
- this neutral point detection transformer 108 acts as a normal inductance between the respective phases of the output terminals u2, v2, w2 of the common mode voltage divider 102, it is synthesized between the respective phases and the neutral point.
- the common mode inductance is zero. Therefore, it is possible to ignore this neutral point detection transformer when considering the common mode voltage.
- the neutral point of this neutral point detection transformer is taken as an output terminal f1 to the neutral point detection circuit 103.
- the bypass circuit 104 has a configuration to be described later, one end f 2 is connected to the output terminal f 1 of the neutral point detection circuit, and the other end f 3 is connected to the neutral point n of the power converter 100.
- the impedance of the bypass circuit 104 is selected to be sufficiently lower than the stray capacitance between the winding of the motor 105 and the frame, and the impedance of the resistance and inductance of the wiring (ground wire).
- the neutral point n is formed by connecting two serially connected capacitors of the same capacity in parallel between terminals of a DC output voltage of a rectifier circuit (not shown) included in power conversion device 100. The connection point of is the neutral point n.
- the output filter 101 is an LC low pass filter including the inductance Lc of the common mode voltage divider 102, the capacitor C of the neutral point detection circuit 103, and the capacitors Cfa and Cfb of the bypass circuit 104. It can be regarded.
- the Y-connected common mode voltage measuring capacitor 110 connected to the input side and the output side of the output filter 101 is for measuring and observing the common mode voltages Vc1 and Vc2.
- the output of the power conversion device when driving the motor by changing the set value of the carrier frequency of the power conversion device, when the carrier frequency approaches the resonance frequency of the output filter, the output of the power conversion device The phenomenon that the common mode voltage superimposed on the voltage is excited and amplified will be described.
- Vc1 (Vug + Vvg + Vwg) / 3 (1)
- Vc1 is a common mode voltage
- Vug, Vvg, and Vwg are output phase voltages of the power conversion device 100 based on the ground (GND).
- the common mode voltage Vc1 uses the carrier frequency as a fundamental wave, when the carrier frequency approaches the resonance frequency of the output filter and resonates, the common mode voltage Vc1 is also excited and amplified by this resonance. Therefore, in the power conversion device provided with the conventional output filter, when the carrier frequency of the power conversion device is changed to operate the motor, the output of the power conversion device is output when the carrier frequency approaches the resonance frequency of the output filter. There is a problem that a common mode voltage superimposed on the voltage is excited and amplified to lead to an overvoltage, and it is not possible to operate the motor by changing the set value of the carrier frequency.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the bypass circuit 104.
- the bypass circuit 104 includes bypass path switching switches 106a and 106b, capacitors Cfa and Cfb having different capacitances, and a resistor Rf.
- capacitors Cfa and Cfb are connected in series to the bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b, respectively, these two series circuits are connected in parallel, and a resistor Rf is connected in series to this parallel circuit.
- the effect of the resistor Rf changes depending on a control method (two-phase modulation method or three-phase modulation method) of the PWM inverter (not shown) of the power conversion device 100.
- a control method two-phase modulation method or three-phase modulation method
- the common mode voltage has a resonance component and resonates with the resonance frequency of the output filter.
- the resistor Rf suppresses the resonance of this resonance frequency.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b.
- the bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b are composed of two-way switches in which two semiconductor switches each having a diode connected in anti-parallel to a transistor or IGBT are connected in series so that the conduction directions are opposite to each other.
- the on / off (open / close) control of the bidirectional switch is performed by switching signals Vs1 * and Vs2 * from a control circuit (not shown).
- the bypass path is selected and switched by this ON / OFF (open / close) control.
- the impedance Z of the bypass circuit 104 is switched as shown in the formula (2) or the formula (3) by changing the set value of the carrier frequency f of the power conversion apparatus 100.
- Z Rf + 1 / (j2 ⁇ fCfa) (2)
- Z Rf + 1 / (j2 ⁇ fCfb) (3)
- the resonant frequency of the output filter 101 can be changed by selecting and switching the bypass path using the bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b.
- the configuration of the bidirectional switches as the bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b shown in FIG. 3 is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- a unidirectional switch in which a diode is connected in series to a transistor or an IGBT can be connected in anti-parallel to form a bidirectional switch.
- FIG. 4 is a gain characteristic diagram of the output filter 101 in the common mode.
- the output filter 101 can be regarded as an equivalent LC low pass filter in the common mode as described above.
- This equivalent LC low-pass filter is a second-order low-pass filter, and can switch the resonance frequency fr by the bidirectional switches 106a and 106b of the bypass circuit 104. That is, this resonance frequency fr is expressed by equation (4) or equation (5).
- the resonant frequency of the output filter 101 can be changed by switching the bypass paths by the bypass path changeover switches 106a and 106b.
- FIG. 5A is a simulation waveform diagram of the common mode voltages Vc1 and Vc2 at the input and output of the output filter 101 when the set value of the carrier frequency fc of the power conversion device is 15 kHz
- FIG. 5B is the set value of the carrier frequency fc of the power conversion device Is a simulation waveform diagram of the common mode voltages Vc1 and Vc2 at the input and output of the output filter 101 when 5 kHz.
- the impedance Z of the bypass circuit 104 is switched as in equation (2) or (3) by changing the set value of the carrier frequency fc of the power conversion device 100. ing.
- the common mode voltage superimposed on the output voltage of the power conversion device is excited by switching the bypass route corresponding to the change of the set value of the carrier frequency of the power conversion device by the bypass path switching switches 106a and 106b.
- This can prevent the phenomenon of amplification leading to an overvoltage, and the attenuation effect of the output filter 101 can further reduce this.
- the motor can be operated even if the set value of the carrier frequency is changed.
- the embodiment of the present invention is described as the switching configuration of two circuits 106a and 106b as the bypass path switching switch when changing the set value of the carrier frequency
- the application for changing the carrier frequency in a wide frequency range for example Needless to say, in the case of changing the carrier frequency in multiple stages, or in the case of changing continuously, it is possible to set the bypass path changeover switch to a multistage switching circuit of two or more circuits.
- the embodiment of the present invention explained the method of controlling the excitation of the common mode voltage in the case of operating the motor by changing the set value of the carrier frequency.
- the bypass path of the output filter is switched according to the change of the carrier frequency setting value.
- Reference Signs List 100 power converter 101 output filter 102 common mode voltage divider 103 neutral point detection circuit 104 bypass circuit 105 motor 106 a, 106 b bypass path switching switch (bidirectional switch) 108 Neutral point detection transformer 110a, 110b Capacitor C, Cfa, Cfb capacitor Rf resistance for common mode voltage measurement
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明における他の代表的な構成は、次のように構成したものである。電動機駆動システムは、3相電動機と、3相電動機を駆動するための電力を供給する電力変換装置と、電力変換装置の出力と3相電動機との間に配置され、電力変換装置のキャリア周波数の設定値に応じて共振周波数の設定値を変更する構成を有する出力フィルタと、を備える。
Vc1=(Vug+Vvg+Vwg)/3 ・・・ (1)
ここで、Vc1はコモンモード電圧、Vug、Vvg、Vwgはグランド(GND)を基準にした電力変換装置100の各出力相電圧である。
Z=Rf+1/(j2πfCfa) ・・・ (2)
Z=Rf+1/(j2πfCfb) ・・・ (3)
なお、図3に示したバイパス経路切替スイッチ106a、106bとしての双方向スイッチの構成は一例を示したものであり、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、トランジスタあるいはIGBTにダイオードを直列接続した一方向スイッチを逆並列に接続して双方向スイッチとすることもできる。
fra=1/(2π(Lc・Ctotal_a)1/2) ・・・ (4)
frb=1/(2π(Lc・Ctotal_b)1/2) ・・・ (5)
ただし、Ctotal_a=(3C・Cfa)/(3C+Cfa)、Ctotal_b=(3C・Cfb)/(3C+Cfb)であり、共振周波数fraはバイパス回路104の双方向スイッチ106aをオン制御した場合、共振周波数frbはバイパス回路104の双方向スイッチ106bをオン制御した場合の共振周波数である。
20log|Vc2/Vc1|<0 ・・・ (7)
このように、バイパス経路切替スイッチ106a、106bにてバイパス経路を切替えることによって、出力フィルタ101の共振周波数を変化させることができる。
なお、本発明における実施例では、キャリア周波数の設定値を変化させる場合のバイパス経路切替スイッチとして106aと106bの2回路の切替え構成として説明したが、キャリア周波数を広い周波数範囲で変更する用途、例えば、キャリア周波数を多段階に変更する場合、あるいは連続的に変更する場合においては、バイパス経路切替スイッチを2回路以上の多段構成の切替え回路とすることが可能であることは言うまでもない。
このような例に限らず、電源装置等においてスイッチングのキャリア周波数の設定値を変化させて電源特性の改善を図る用途において、出力フィルタのバイパス経路をキャリア周波数の設定値の変化に対応させて切替えることにより、出力フィルタの共振点を変えることができるので、キャリア周波数の設定値を自由に変更しても、コモンモード電圧の励振による過電圧の発生を防止することが可能となる。
101出力フィルタ
102コモンモード電圧分圧器
103中性点検出回路
104 バイパス回路
105電動機
106a、106b バイパス経路切替スイッチ(双方向スイッチ)
108 中性点検出用トランス
110a、110b コモンモード電圧測定用コンデンサ
C、Cfa、Cfb コンデンサ
Rf 抵抗
Claims (10)
- 3相電動機を駆動するための電力を供給する電力変換装置の出力と前記3相電動機との間に配置され、前記電力変換装置のキャリア周波数の設定値に応じて共振周波数の設定値を変更する構成を備えることを特徴とする出力フィルタ。
- 前記出力フィルタが、前記電力変換装置の各相出力と前記3相電動機の各相との間に、それぞれコモンモードチョークコイルを直列に接続したコモンモード電圧分圧器と、
3相リアクトルを有し、前記3相リアクトルの1次側の一端を第1乃至3のコンデンサを介して前記電力変換装置の各相出力とそれぞれ接続し、前記3相リアクトルの1次側の他端をスター結線し、前記3相リアクトルの2次側はデルタ結線した中性点検出回路と、
バイパス経路切替スイッチとコンデンサとの直列接続体の複数個を並列接続し、並列接続した前記コンデンサ側の端子を前記3相リアクトルの1次側の他端に接続し、並列接続した前記バイパス経路切替スイッチ側の端子に抵抗の一端を直列接続したバイパス回路と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の出力フィルタ。 - 前記バイパス経路切替スイッチが、半導体素子を用いた双方向スイッチから成ることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の出力フィルタ。
- 前記出力フィルタが、前記キャリア周波数の設定値よりも低くかつ前記3相電動機の運転周波数よりも高い前記共振周波数になるように、前記第1乃至3のコンデンサおよび前記バイパス回路内のコンデンサを設定されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の出力フィルタ。
- 前記出力フィルタが、前記コモンモード電圧分圧器の入力側および出力側のコモンモード電圧をそれぞれVc1、Vc2とした場合、20log|Vc2/Vc1|<0なる条件を満たすように、前記第1乃至3のコンデンサおよび前記バイパス回路内のコンデンサを設定されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項記載の出力フィルタ。
- 3相電動機と、
前記3相電動機を駆動するための電力を供給する電力変換装置と、
前記電力変換装置の出力と前記3相電動機との間に配置され、前記電力変換装置のキャリア周波数の設定値に応じて共振周波数の設定値を変更する構成を有する出力フィルタと、を備えることを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 - 前記出力フィルタが、前記電力変換装置の各相出力と前記3相電動機の各相との間に、それぞれコモンモードチョークコイルを直列に接続したコモンモード電圧分圧器と、
3相リアクトルを有し、前記3相リアクトルの1次側の一端を第1乃至3のコンデンサを介して前記電力変換装置の各相出力とそれぞれ接続し、前記3相リアクトルの1次側の他端をスター結線し、前記3相リアクトルの2次側はデルタ結線した中性点検出回路と、
バイパス経路切替スイッチとコンデンサとの直列接続体の複数個を並列接続し、並列接続した前記コンデンサ側の端子を前記3相リアクトルの1次側の他端に接続し、並列接続した前記バイパス経路切替スイッチ側の端子に抵抗の一端を直列接続したバイパス回路と、を備え、
前記抵抗の他端を前記電力変換装置の中性点に接続することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電動機駆動システム。 - 前記バイパス経路切替スイッチが、半導体素子を用いた双方向スイッチから成ることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の電動機駆動システム。
- 前記出力フィルタが、前記キャリア周波数の設定値よりも低くかつ前記3相電動機の運転周波数よりも高い前記共振周波数になるように、前記第1乃至3のコンデンサおよび前記バイパス回路内のコンデンサを設定されることを特徴とする請求項6乃至8のいずれか1項記載の電動機駆動システム。
- 前記出力フィルタが、前記コモンモード電圧分圧器の入力側および出力側のコモンモード電圧をそれぞれVc1、Vc2とした場合、20log|Vc2/Vc1|<0なる条件を満たすように前記第1乃至3のコンデンサおよび前記バイパス回路内のコンデンサを設定されることを特徴とする請求項6乃至9のいずれか1項記載の電動機駆動システム。
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CN201080036574.4A CN102474171B (zh) | 2009-08-19 | 2010-07-28 | 输出滤波器和具有该输出滤波器的电动机驱动系统 |
JP2011527623A JP5505417B2 (ja) | 2009-08-19 | 2010-07-28 | 出力フィルタとそれを備えた電動機駆動システム |
US13/308,550 US8362733B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2011-12-01 | Output filter and motor drive system including the same |
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WO2012143449A3 (de) * | 2011-04-19 | 2013-07-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Matrix-umrichter und verfahren zum erzeugen einer wechselspannung in einem zweiten wechselspannungsnetz aus einer wechselspannung in einem ersten wechselspannungsnetz mittels eines matrix-umrichters |
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JP2016052155A (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 医療装置 |
JP2022513862A (ja) * | 2018-12-18 | 2022-02-09 | ボンバルディアー プリモーフ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | フィルタ回路構成、電気自動車、及び電気自動車の運転方法 |
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JP5505417B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
JPWO2011021485A1 (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
CN102474171A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
CN102474171B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
US20120068655A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
US8362733B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
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