WO2011018829A1 - 薄膜光電変換素子と薄膜光電変換素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
薄膜光電変換素子と薄膜光電変換素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 174
- 229910019044 CoSix Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/09—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/07—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the Schottky type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/108—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the Schottky type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thin film type thin film photoelectric conversion element and a method for manufacturing the thin film photoelectric conversion element, and more particularly to a thin film photoelectric conversion element for generating photocarriers on the surface of the element and a method for manufacturing the thin film photoelectric conversion element.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a pin-structure thin film solar cell 100 (Patent Document 1) using an a-Si film.
- the thin film solar cell 100 is formed on a glass substrate 101.
- the thin-film solar cell 100 includes an n-layer 104 of an a-Si film that forms a pin structure between a lower electrode 102 made of silver and a transparent upper electrode 103 made of indium tin oxide (ITO).
- An i-layer 105 of a crystallized a-Si film and a p-layer 106 of an a-Si film are stacked.
- the thickness of each layer is about 100 nm for the lower electrode 102, 70 nm for the upper electrode 103, 50 nm for the n layer 104, 2 ⁇ m for the i layer 105, and about 20 nm for the p layer 106.
- the i layer 105 has a power generation function that receives light passing through the upper transparent upper electrode 103 and generates carriers by the photoelectric effect.
- the n layer 104 and the p layer 106 apply an internal electric field to the layer 105.
- the i layer 105 has a function of separating carriers.
- the carriers that are separated by the i layer 105 upon receiving the light move to the n layer 104 or the p layer 106, which is the stacking direction, between the lower electrode 102 and the upper electrode 103. Is short-circuited, a photo-induced current flows between the lower electrode 102 and the upper electrode 103 in the stacking direction due to the movement of carriers.
- the thickness is limited to about 1 ⁇ m, and it is necessary to further dispose the upper electrode 103 and the lower electrode 102 with the pin structure sandwiched in order to extract the photo-induced current flowing in the stacking direction. There was a limit to thinning.
- the upper electrode 103 covering the entire upper surface thereof with a transparent conductive material such as ITO. Since light cannot be absorbed, the optical characteristics are controlled using surface texture or the like to increase the efficiency of use of incident light.
- a-Si has a large forbidden bandwidth and responds to light having a relatively short wavelength of 700 nm or less, but cannot use long-wavelength light such as infrared light. For this reason, a microcrystalline silicon layer is added.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of such conventional problems, and provides a thin film photoelectric conversion element capable of being thinned to a thickness of several tens of nm or less and a method for manufacturing the thin film photoelectric conversion element. Objective.
- a thin film photoelectric conversion element that responds to broadband light from the visible region to the infrared region and a method for manufacturing the thin film photoelectric conversion device are provided through a simple annealing process without requiring complicated and precise semiconductor process control. The purpose is to do.
- the invention according to claim 1 includes a first metal thin film layer made of a first metal and a second metal made of a second metal so as to overlap a part of the first metal thin film layer.
- a silicon substrate on which a thin film layer is laminated is annealed to form a metal silicide layer formed by diffusing the first metal and silicon on the surface of the silicon substrate and a second metal thin film layer on the surface of the silicon substrate.
- a light-induced current is generated between the metal silicide layer and the conductive thin film layer on the surface of the silicon substrate by irradiating light to the metal silicide layer or conductive thin film layer in which a Schottky interface is formed.
- the first metal, the second metal, and silicon nanoparticles diffuse to each other in the conductive thin film layer, and in the metal silicide layer, the first metal and silicon nanoparticles diffuse to each other.
- the activation energy of each element is high, and a phenomenon occurs in which the phase diagram departs from the bulk property.
- a Schottky interface is formed along the surface of the silicon substrate between the silicon diffusion portion and the metal silicide layer and between the silicon diffusion portion and the conductive thin film layer.
- the second metal thin film layer is stacked on the first metal thin film layer, and is thicker than the thickness of the first metal thin film layer on which the metal silicide is formed. It is considered that the barrier pinning is weakened and the height of the barrier between the silicon diffusion portion and the conductive thin film layer is low.
- a diode having a forward direction from the metal silicide layer to the conductive thin film layer is formed along the surface of the silicon substrate by the Schottky barrier between the silicon diffusion portion and the metal silicide layer.
- the metal silicide layer and the conductive thin film layer formed on the surface of the silicon substrate have conductivity, the conduction loss of photocarriers induced on the surface is suppressed.
- the silicon particles become nano-sized, and the wave number selection rule becomes a direct transition different from the bulk, which corresponds to the energy gap from the Si valence band to the visible region. Interband excitation occurs.
- photocarriers are generated by a Schottky barrier in the stacking direction for mainly light in the infrared region of a long wavelength, and silicon nanocrystals are mainly generated for light of short wavelength visible light. Photocarriers are generated by the excitation of particles, both are added, response sensitivity is high, and broadband response characteristics from visible light to infrared light can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the thickness of the conductive thin film layer is less than 100 nm, and the thickness of the metal silicide layer is further thinner than that of the conductive thin film layer.
- the amount of the first metal and the second metal used as the material for the conductive thin film layer and the metal silicide layer can be greatly reduced, and each of them is formed on the silicon substrate by a simple process of annealing after being deposited on the silicon substrate. Is done.
- the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the first metal is any one of Co, Fe, W, Ni, Al, and Ti, and the second metal is Au.
- Co, Fe, W, Ni, Al, and Ti have a high melting point and excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, and are suitable for metal silicide materials.
- Au also assists the diffusion of the first metal and silicon nanoparticles around it, facilitating the formation of a silicon diffusion between the metal silicide and the conductive thin film layer.
- the first metal, the second metal, and silicon nanoparticles diffuse to each other in the conductive thin film layer, and in the metal silicide layer, the first metal and silicon nanoparticles diffuse to each other.
- the activation energy of each element is high, and a phenomenon occurs in which the phase diagram departs from the bulk property.
- a Schottky interface is formed along the surface of the silicon substrate between the silicon diffusion portion and the metal silicide layer and between the silicon diffusion portion and the conductive thin film layer.
- the second metal thin film layer is stacked on the first metal thin film layer, and is thicker than the thickness of the first metal thin film layer on which the metal silicide is formed. It is considered that the barrier pinning is weakened and the height of the barrier between the silicon diffusion portion and the conductive thin film layer is low.
- a diode having a forward direction from the metal silicide layer to the conductive thin film layer is formed along the surface of the silicon substrate by the Schottky barrier between the silicon diffusion portion and the metal silicide layer.
- the metal silicide layer and the conductive thin film layer formed on the surface of the silicon substrate have conductivity, the conduction loss of photocarriers induced on the surface is suppressed.
- the silicon particles become nano-sized, and the wave number selection rule becomes a direct transition different from the bulk, which corresponds to the energy gap from the Si valence band to the visible region. Interband excitation occurs.
- photocarriers are generated by a Schottky barrier in the stacking direction for mainly light in the infrared region of a long wavelength, and silicon nanocrystals are mainly generated for light of short wavelength visible light. Photocarriers are generated by the excitation of particles, both are added, response sensitivity is high, and broadband response characteristics from visible light to infrared light can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the thickness of the conductive thin film layer is less than 100 nm, and the thickness of the metal silicide layer is thinner than that of the conductive thin film layer.
- the amount of the first metal and the second metal used as the material for the conductive thin film layer and the metal silicide layer can be greatly reduced, and each of them is formed on the silicon substrate through a simple process of annealing after being deposited on the silicon substrate. Is done.
- the invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the first metal is any one of Co, Fe, W, Ni, Al, and Ti, and the second metal is Au.
- Co, Fe, W, Ni, Al, and Ti have a high melting point and excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, and are suitable for metal silicide materials.
- Au also assists the diffusion of the first metal and silicon nanoparticles around it, facilitating the formation of a silicon diffusion between the metal silicide and the conductive thin film layer.
- the light transmitted through the silicon substrate is not photoelectrically converted, but is photoelectrically converted by the surface layer of the substrate. Is obtained.
- the thickness of the first metal, the second metal, silicon, and the like can be significantly reduced compared to a thin film photoelectric conversion element that is thinned by forming a pn junction photoelectric conversion element or a silicon thin film. It can be manufactured by using very small amounts of elements.
- the pair of extraction electrodes are arranged separately in the stacking direction.
- the thin film photoelectric conversion element can be further reduced in thickness.
- a simple manufacturing process in which the silicon substrate having the first metal thin film layer laminated on the surface and the second metal thin film layer laminated on a part thereof is simply annealed.
- the process can utilize a Si-based process for forming a metal silicide.
- a photo-induced current is generated by the conductive thin film layer having a surface thickness of less than 100 nm and a thinner metal silicide layer of the silicon substrate.
- the conductive thin film layer having a surface thickness of less than 100 nm and a thinner metal silicide layer of the silicon substrate.
- it can be affixed to the casing of portable equipment such as buildings and automobile windows and mobile phones, and there are no restrictions on the installation location.
- the first metal and the second metal which is a noble metal
- a very small amount of rare metal is used. Can be produced from elements.
- the first metal has a high melting point, excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, and is suitable as a metal silicide material.
- the metal silicide is CoSix used as an electrode base of a silicon device, and an existing process can be used.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 which concerns on one embodiment of this invention.
- 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1.
- FIG. 3 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of the thin-film photoelectric conversion element 1.
- FIG. 4 is an IV diagram showing a relationship between a bias voltage V applied between electrodes 4 and 5 of the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 and currents I b , I b1 and I b2 flowing between the electrodes 4 and 5.
- FIG. 4 is an IV diagram showing the relationship with the bias voltage V. 4 is an energy diagram showing the movement of photocarriers induced by irradiating the metal silicide layer 3 with light. 4 is an energy diagram showing photocarrier movement induced by irradiating light to a conductive thin film layer 9; It is sectional drawing of the conventional thin film solar cell 100.
- FIG. 4 is an IV diagram showing the relationship with the bias voltage V. 4 is an energy diagram showing the movement of photocarriers induced by irradiating the metal silicide layer 3 with light. 4 is an energy diagram showing photocarrier movement induced by irradiating light to a conductive thin film layer 9; It is sectional drawing of the conventional thin film solar cell 100. FIG.
- the thin-film photoelectric conversion element 1 is an n-Si substrate 2 made of n-type Si as a semiconductor substrate and self-organized on the surface of the n-Si substrate 2.
- a window is used as a solar cell application. It is affixed on the glass plate 10 of glass. In this way, the pair of anode electrode 4 and cathode electrode 5 that draw the photoinduced current to the outside are formed on the same surface side of the n-Si substrate 2.
- a Co thin film 7 having a thickness of 8 nm is sputtered on an n-Si substrate 2 made of substantially square n-type Si, as shown in the process chart of the manufacturing process of FIG.
- mask printing is performed to form a conductive thin film layer 9 in a partial region on the square Co thin film 7.
- the thin film 8 is formed by sputtering (c).
- the temperature is raised to 400 to 800 ° C., preferably 600 ° C. in a temperature raising time of 3 minutes, and annealing treatment is performed at a temperature of 600 ° C.
- the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 are ohmically connected to the conductive thin film layer 9 respectively (e), and the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 is manufactured.
- the Si, Co, and Au to be laminated diffuse to each other by the annealing treatment, and the region where only the Co thin film 7 is formed is on the surface of the Si substrate 2.
- the region where the self-organized CoSix layer 3 is formed and the Au thin film 8 is further formed on the Co thin film 7 Co, Au and Si-rich conductive thin film layers are diffused. 9 is formed.
- a Schottky interface is formed between the n-Si substrate 2 in the stacking direction.
- a Schottky interface is formed either between CoSix and Si or between Au and Si. Further, in the region where the diffusion is further advanced by the annealing treatment, a region that is in ohmic contact with the n-Si substrate 2 is formed. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the diodes D2 and D3 are formed from the CoSix layer 3 and the conductive thin film layer 9 with the direction of the n-Si substrate 2 in the stacking direction as the forward direction.
- an equivalent circuit in which the resistors R2 and R3 are connected in parallel with the diodes D2 and D3 is formed in the ohmic connection region.
- Co, Au, and Si nanoparticles diffuse to each other by the annealing treatment, and in the CoSix layer 3, Co and Si nanoparticles diffuse to each other, and each has a depth of 20 nm or less at the maximum.
- the activation energy of the element is high, and a phenomenon occurs in which the phase diagram departs from the bulk property.
- the Si particle becomes nano-sized, and the wave number selection rule becomes a direct transition different from the bulk, which corresponds to the energy gap from the Si valence band to the visible region. Interband excitation occurs.
- photocarriers are generated by the Schottky barrier in the stacking direction with respect to light in the long wavelength infrared region, and against visible light with short wavelength.
- photocarriers are generated by excitation of silicon nanoparticles and respond to both, response sensitivity is high, and broadband response characteristics from visible light to infrared light can be obtained.
- the annealing treatment makes it easy for the Si nanoparticles on the n-Si substrate 2 to diffuse near the surface around the Au thin film 8, and between the CoSix layer 3 and the conductive thin film layer 9.
- a silicon diffusion part 6 in which a large number of silicon nanoparticles diffuse together with CoSix, Au, and Co is formed with a width within a maximum of 1 mm from the periphery of the Au thin film 8.
- Schottky interfaces are also formed between the silicon diffusion portion 6 and the conductive thin film layer 9 made of a semiconductor, and between the silicon diffusion portion 6 and the CoSix layer 3.
- the metal on the conductive thin film layer 9 side on which the Au thin film 8 is laminated on the Co thin film 7 is more excessive than the CoSix layer 3 side made of only the Co thin film 7 before the annealing treatment, the ohmicization is promoted. It is considered that the pinning of the barrier is weakened and the height of the barrier between the silicon diffusion portion 6 and the conductive thin film layer 9 is considered to be low. As a result, a diode D1 having a forward direction from the horizontal CoSix layer 3 to the conductive thin film layer 9 is formed by the Schottky barrier between the silicon diffusion portion 6 and the CoSix layer 3.
- the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 subjected to the annealing treatment has a circuit configuration shown in an equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG.
- these equivalent circuits are formed of a CoSix layer 3 having a thickness within 20 nm, a silicon diffusion portion 6, a conductive thin film layer 9, and an extremely shallow surface layer of the n-Si substrate 2.
- the resistor R1 is a resistance in the CoSix layer 3 between the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5.
- Light-induced current I is applied between the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 formed on the same surface side that receives light from the surface side (upper side in FIG. 1) of the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 configured as described above.
- an excitation laser beam having a wavelength of 632 nm, an output of 1.68 mW, and an irradiation area of 0.4 / mm 2 while changing the bias voltage Vb of the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 was irradiated in CoSix layer 3 and the conductive thin film layer 9, it was measured to be compared with the current I b flowing between the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 when not irradiated with the excitation laser light.
- FIG. 4 is an IV diagram showing the relationship between the currents I b , I b1 and I b2 generated between the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 under each measurement condition and the bias voltage Vb, and is indicated by a broken line in the figure.
- I b is a current value flowing between the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 when the excitation laser beam is not irradiated
- I b1 is a current value generated by irradiating the CoSix layer 3 with the excitation laser beam
- I b2 is The current value generated by irradiating the conductive thin film layer 9 with the excitation laser beam.
- the positive bias voltage waveform of the current I b shown in the drawing increases according to the increase in the direction of the conductive thin film layer 9
- CoSix layer 3 is diode D1 to forward
- the height of the Schottky barrier confirmed and estimated from the IV diagram is estimated to be 0.56 eV to 0.58 eV.
- the light-induced current I 1, I 2 a bias voltage generated by only the excitation laser light It is an IV diagram represented by the relationship with Vb. That is, I 1 in the figure is I b1 -I b , I 2 is the current value calculated by I b2 -I b , and the numerical value (unit: mA) in the figure is the bias voltage represented by the left vertical axis. The current value when Vb is applied.
- the photo-induced current I 1 generated by irradiating the CoSix layer 3 with the excitation laser beam has a current value of almost 0 and a negative value while the positive bias voltage Vb is applied.
- the bias voltage Vb When the bias voltage Vb is applied, a current of about ⁇ 0.98 mA in the direction from the cathode electrode 5 to the anode electrode 4 flows.
- photocarriers photo-induced electrons
- the movement in the direction is blocked by the Schottky barrier therebetween, and is attracted in the direction of the anode electrode 4 having a positive side potential, and recombines with the holes of the n-Si substrate 2 below the resistor R2. Therefore, the current I 1 flowing between the anode electrode 4 and the cathode electrode 5 does not appear.
- photocarriers photo-induced electrons
- Vb negative bias voltage
- the photoinduced current I 2 generated by irradiating the conductive thin film layer 9 with the excitation laser light is applied in the positive direction from the anode electrode 4 to the cathode electrode 5 when a positive bias voltage Vb is applied.
- a current of about 0.35 mA flows and a negative bias voltage Vb is applied, so that almost no current value flows.
- photocarriers photo-induced electrons
- photo-induced electrons induced by receiving light from the n-Si substrate 2 under the conductive thin film layer 9 in a state where a positive bias voltage Vb is applied are n ⁇
- Photocarriers (photo-induced electrons) induced from the Si substrate 2 to the CoSix layer 3 are attracted in the direction of the anode electrode 4 having a positive potential, and since a forward bias is applied to the diode D1, it passes through the diode D1.
- the conductive CoSix layer 3 flows to the anode electrode 4 and recombines with the holes of the n-Si substrate 2 below the cathode electrode 5 and the resistor R3.
- the above-described photo-induced currents I 1 and I 2 mainly flow through a surface conductive layer having a thickness of 20 nm or less on the n-Si substrate 2 and use Schottky that operates with majority carriers, so that the carriers move at high speed. It has high-speed response equivalent to HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) in which the carrier moves and moves in the in-plane direction, and can be used for an optical sensor in the GHz to THz band.
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
- the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 it has been verified that it responds to light having a wavelength (0.4 to 2 ⁇ m) from the visible region to the infrared region, and is used as a solar cell application.
- the photoelectric conversion from visible light to infrared light can be performed, the conversion efficiency can be increased, and the thin film photoelectric conversion element 1 can be formed as a very thin film. It is also possible to generate electricity by sticking to the battery, and the installation space is not limited.
- the CoSix layer 3, the silicon diffusion portion 6, and the conductive thin film layer 9 are simply formed on the n-Si substrate 2 as in the present embodiment, a simple Si-based process is used to create a solar cell or an image. Photoelectric conversion elements for applications such as sensors can be manufactured.
- the Co thin film 7 formed on the n-Si substrate 2 on which the CoSix layer 3 is formed may be a thin film metal layer such as Fe, W, Ni, Al, Ti, etc. It may be a Si substrate.
- the present invention is suitable for thin film photoelectric conversion elements used for solar cells and high-speed photosensors.
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Abstract
Description
。
2 n-Si基板(シリコン基板)
3 CoSix層(金属シリサイド層)
4 アノード電極
5 カソード電極
6 シリコン拡散部
7 Co薄膜(第1金属薄膜層)
8 Au薄膜(第2金属薄膜層)
9 導電薄膜層
Claims (6)
- 第1金属からなる第1金属薄膜層と、第1金属薄膜層上の一部に重ねて、第2金属からなる第2金属薄膜層を積層させたシリコン基板をアニール処理し、
シリコン基板の表面に第1金属とシリコンが拡散して形成される金属シリサイド層と、
シリコン基板の表面の第2金属薄膜層の積層部位に形成される導電薄膜層と、
前記金属シリサイド層と前記導電薄膜層との間のシリコン基板の表面付近にシリコンのナノ粒子が拡散して形成されるシリコン拡散部とを備え、
シリコン基板との積層方向にショットキー界面が形成される金属シリサイド層若しくは導電薄膜層へ光を照射し、シリコン基板の表面の金属シリサイド層と導電薄膜層間に光誘起電流を発生させることを特徴とする薄膜光電変換素子。 - 導電薄膜層の厚さが100nm未満であり、金属シリサイド層の厚さは導電薄膜層より更に薄いことを特徴とする薄膜光電変換素子。
- 第1金属が、Co、Fe、W、Ni、Al、Tiのいずれかであり、第2金属が、Auであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の薄膜光電変換素子。
- シリコン基板上に第1金属からなる第1金属薄膜層を成膜する第1工程と、
第1金属薄膜層上の一部に第2金属からなる第2金属薄膜層を成膜する第2工程と、
シリコン基板上に積層された第1金属薄膜層と第2金属薄膜層をアニール処理し、基板上に第1金属とシリコンが拡散する金属シリサイド層と、第2金属薄膜層の積層部位の導電薄膜層と、前記金属シリサイド層と前記導電薄膜層との間でシリコン基板の表面付近にシリコンのナノ粒子が拡散するシリコン拡散部を形成する第3工程とを備え、
シリコン基板との積層方向にショットキー界面が形成される金属シリサイド層若しくは導電薄膜層へ光を照射し、シリコン基板の表面の金属シリサイド層と導電薄膜層間に光誘起電流を発生させることを特徴とする薄膜光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 導電薄膜層の厚さが100nm未満であり、金属シリサイド層の厚さは導電薄膜層より更に薄いことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の薄膜光電変換素子の製造方法。
- 第1金属が、Co、Fe、W、Ni、Al、Tiのいずれかであり、第2金属が、Auであることを特徴とする請求項4又は請求項5に記載の薄膜光電変換素子の製造方法。
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US12/680,827 US20110215434A1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2008-09-14 | Thin-film photoelectric conversion device and method of manufacturing thin-film photoelectric conversion device |
EP09848248A EP2466645A1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2009-09-14 | Thin-film photoelectric conversion element and method for manufacturing thin-film photoelectric conversion element |
CA2769565A CA2769565A1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2009-09-14 | Thin-film photoelectric conversion device and method of manufacturing thin-film photoelectric conversion device |
CN2009801609527A CN102598290A (zh) | 2009-08-11 | 2009-09-14 | 薄膜光电转换元件及薄膜光电转换元件的制造方法 |
IL217842A IL217842A0 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2012-01-30 | Thin-film photoelectric conversion device and method of manufacturing thin-film photoelectric conversion device |
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JP2009186248A JP5147795B2 (ja) | 2009-08-11 | 2009-08-11 | 薄膜光電変換素子と薄膜光電変換素子の製造方法 |
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CN (1) | CN102598290A (ja) |
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EP2523226A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2012-11-14 | Nusola Inc. | Light power generation device |
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JP5437486B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-03 | 2014-03-12 | nusola株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
JP5443602B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-03 | 2014-03-19 | nusola株式会社 | 光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
JP5803419B2 (ja) | 2011-08-19 | 2015-11-04 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 傾斜構造体、傾斜構造体の製造方法、及び分光センサー |
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JPH06147993A (ja) * | 1991-09-30 | 1994-05-27 | Terumo Corp | 赤外線センサ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP4948778B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2012-06-06 | Tdk株式会社 | 太陽電池およびその色調整方法 |
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2008
- 2008-09-14 US US12/680,827 patent/US20110215434A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2009
- 2009-08-11 JP JP2009186248A patent/JP5147795B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-14 WO PCT/JP2009/004551 patent/WO2011018829A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-09-14 EP EP09848248A patent/EP2466645A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-14 CA CA2769565A patent/CA2769565A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-14 KR KR1020127003195A patent/KR20120038999A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-09-14 CN CN2009801609527A patent/CN102598290A/zh active Pending
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Patent Citations (4)
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JPS6442858A (en) * | 1987-08-11 | 1989-02-15 | Nec Corp | Metal semiconductor junction diode and manufacture thereof |
JPH06151809A (ja) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-31 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置 |
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EP2523226A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2012-11-14 | Nusola Inc. | Light power generation device |
EP2523226A4 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2014-04-09 | Nusola Inc | LIGHT POWER GENERATION DEVICE |
US9035170B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2015-05-19 | Nusola, Inc. | Light power generation device |
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IL217842A0 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
CA2769565A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
CN102598290A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
KR20120038999A (ko) | 2012-04-24 |
JP5147795B2 (ja) | 2013-02-20 |
US20110215434A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
EP2466645A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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