WO2011004111A1 - Catalyseur enzymatique heterogene, procede de preparation et utilisation - Google Patents
Catalyseur enzymatique heterogene, procede de preparation et utilisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011004111A1 WO2011004111A1 PCT/FR2010/051413 FR2010051413W WO2011004111A1 WO 2011004111 A1 WO2011004111 A1 WO 2011004111A1 FR 2010051413 W FR2010051413 W FR 2010051413W WO 2011004111 A1 WO2011004111 A1 WO 2011004111A1
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- silica
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- monolith
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- SCLGGNBFBLJQFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(OCCCN)=O Chemical compound CC(OCCCN)=O SCLGGNBFBLJQFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
- C12N9/20—Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
- C11C1/04—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by hydrolysis
- C11C1/045—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by hydrolysis using enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst, to a process for the preparation of such an enzymatic catalyst, and to its use for carrying out chemical reactions by heterogeneous phase enzymatic catalysis.
- Enzymatic catalysis is part of "green” chemistry and sustainable development. It allows the realization of various chemical reactions by minimizing the use of solvents, while promoting the use of bioprecursors.
- Heterogeneous catalysis (or contact catalysis) is aimed at transforming liquid or gaseous reactants by employing a solid catalyst.
- the chemical process takes place at the solid-fluid interface, thanks to the adsorption of the reagents on the surface of the solid.
- a generally porous solid support polymer matrices, colloidal silica, calcium silicate, zeolites, zirconium, kaolinite, porous glass, alumina, etc.
- These systems allow easy recovery of the enzyme when the reaction is complete.
- the present invention relates to a heterogeneous enzyme catalyst characterized in that it is in the form of a honeycomb monolith formed of a silica matrix or organically modified silica, said monolith comprising macropores having an average dimension A from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m; mesopores having a mean dimension d E of 2 to 50 nm and micropores having a mean dimension di from 0.7 to 1.5 nm, said pores being interconnected, and wherein the internal surface of the macropores is functionalized by a surfactant; coupling selected from silanes on which is fixed, via a covalent or electrostatic bond, an unpurified enzyme.
- non-purified enzyme means any protein material comprising at least one non-isolated enzyme which has not undergone any purification step.
- the term "monolith” means a solid object having an average dimension of at least 1 mm.
- the use of such a monolith makes possible the implementation of unpurified enzymes which is of great interest from an economic point of view.
- the immobilization of an unpurified enzyme via a coupling agent chosen from silanes, within the macropores of such a monolith leads to a heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst having a very high catalytic activity, reaching most often 100% of the theoretical catalytic activity of the enzyme when it is carried out in the purified or non-immobilized state, as well as a great cyclability.
- the inventors have also demonstrated that when an unpurified enzyme is immobilized in such a monolith, its kinetics of reaction is increased.
- the walls of the macropores generally have a thickness of 0.5 to 40 microns, and preferably 2 to 25 microns.
- the micropores are present in the thickness of the walls of the macropores, thus rendering them microporous.
- the specific surface area of the monolith is generally from 200 to 1000 m 2 / g approximately, preferably from 300 to 700 m 2 / g approximately.
- the silica carries organic groups R corresponding to the following formula (I): - (CH ⁇ -R 1 (I) in which:
- R 1 represents a thiol group, a pyrrolyl group C 4 H 3 N- linked by nitrogen to the - (CH 2 ) n - group, an amino group which optionally carries one or more alkyl, alkylamino or optionally substituted aryl substituents, an alkyl group (preferably having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms), mono or polyhydroxyalkyl group C 2 -C 2I, a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by an alkyl radical, preferably methyl.
- the organic group R may be:
- the silica matrix of the alveolar monolith may, in addition, comprise one or more metal oxides MO 2 in which M is a metal chosen from Zr,
- the silica matrix is a mixed matrix of SiO 2 -MO 2 type .
- the SiO 2 -ZrO 2 matrices are preferred.
- the metal oxide content MO 2 preferably represents from 10 to 50% by weight, relative to the weight of the silica or of the organically modified silica.
- the bond ensuring the attachment of the coupling agent with the silica or the R group of the silica in the case of an organically modified silica is an iono-covalent bond.
- the coupling agent is chosen from silanes selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; silylated ionic liquids such as by Examples are 1-methyl-3- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) imidazolium chloride, 1-methyl-3- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) imidazolium hexafluorophosphate; silanes of formula Si (OR) 3 R in which R represents a C 1 -C 2 alkyl group, and R 3 represents a group - (CH 2 OH-CH 2 OH) q -CH 2 OH or - (CH 2 OH-CH 2 OH) q -CH 2 CH 3 wherein q is an integer ranging from 1 to 10.
- ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane also known under the name "Glymo” is particularly preferred.
- the nature of the enzyme that can be immobilized on the silica monolith via the coupling agent is not critical from the moment when it comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with a complementary functional group carried. by the coupling agent to form an iono-covalent bond.
- the coupling agent used is a silylated ionic liquid, it is electrostatic bonds.
- the unpurified enzyme is chosen from:
- hydrolases class EC 3 of the classification established by the Commission for Enzymes, Brussels), such as esterases (EC 3.1), and in particular carboxylic ester hydrolases (EC 3.1.1) such as lipases ( EC 3.1.1.3 or triacylglycerol acylhydrolases); amino-acylases (E.C. 3.5.1.14), amidases (E.C. 3.5.1.4, E.C. 3-5-1-3 or omega-amidase, E.C. 3-5-1-11 or penicillin-amidase); nitrilases (class E.C. 3.5.5.1.) which catalyze the hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids;
- lyases including carboxy lyases (EC 4.1.1), aldehyde lyases (EC 4.1.2) such as oxynitrilases (classes EC 4-1-2-10 and EC 4) -1-2-37) catalyzing the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins; and hydro-lyases (E.C. 4.2.1);
- E.C. 5 isomerases (E.C. 5) including epimerases and racemases (E.C. 5.1), and in particular epimerases and racemases of E.C. class 5.1.1. catalyzing the formation of enantiomers of amino acids;
- oxidoreductases comprising especially glucose oxidases (E.C. 1.1.3.4) such as Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase and peroxidases (E.C. 1.11.1) such as horseradish peroxidase.
- the unpurified enzyme is chosen from lipases of microbial or vegetable origin, and In particular, among the lipases of Candida Rugosa, Candida antartica, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizomucor miehei, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas cepacia, Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium expansum, Rhizopus arrhizus and wheat germ lipases.
- the amount of immobilized enzymes in the catalyst according to the invention can be determined by thermogravimetric analysis and by elemental analysis. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of immobilized unpurified enzyme varies from about 3 to about 40% by weight and more preferably from about 10 to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the catalyst.
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing a heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst according to the invention and as defined above, said process comprising a first step of preparing a solid silica impression in the form of an alveolar monolith consisting of an organically modified silica or silica matrix, said monolith comprising macropores having an average size d A of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m; mesopores having a mean dimension d E of 2 to 50 nm and micropores having an average size di of 0.7 to 1.5 nm, said pores being interconnected, said method being characterized in that it further comprises the steps following:
- the preparation of the silica impression, in the first step is carried out according to the methods as described in patent applications FR-A1-2 852 947 and FR-A1 -2,912,400.
- the precursor (s) of silica oxide or of organically modified silica can be chosen from the silica alkoxides of formula (II) below:
- R 4 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an aryl radical which optionally carry one or more functional groups;
- R 5 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a group of formula (I) below:
- R 1 is selected from a thiol group, a N-linked pyrrolyl C 4 H 3 N- group to the - (CH 2 ) n - group, an amino group which optionally bears one or more alkyl, alkylamino or optionally substituted aryl, an alkyl group (preferably having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms), mono or polyhydroxy C 2 -C 2I, a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by an alkyl radical preferably a methyl group; and
- p is an integer equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- the precursor of formula (II) comprises a single type of group of formula (I). In another embodiment, the precursor of formula (II) comprises at least two different types of groups of formula (I).
- organic group of formula (I) may be:
- the precursor (s) of formula (I) are chosen from tetramethoxyorthosilane (TMOS), tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS), dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES),
- the precursor of formula (I) is chosen from TEOS, a mixture of TEOS and DMDES in which the DMDES represents from 5 to 30% by weight relative to TEOS, and the TMOS .
- the concentration of silica oxide precursor (s) and / or organically modified silica oxide precursors in the aqueous solution is preferably greater than 10% by weight relative to the mass of the aqueous phase. . This concentration varies more preferably from 17 to 35% by weight relative to the mass of the aqueous phase.
- the organically modified silica or silica matrix further comprises at least one metal oxide MO 2 in which M is a metal selected from Zr, Ti, Th, Nb, Ta, V, W and Al
- the aqueous solution of precursor (s) silica or silica organically modified silica further comprises at least one precursor of said metal oxide, said precursor being selected from the compounds of formula (III) below:
- M is a metal chosen from Zr, Ti, Th, Nb, Ta, V, W and Al, and
- R 6 is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical.
- the oily phase is preferably constituted by one or more compounds chosen from linear or branched alkanes having at least 12 carbon atoms.
- the oil can be constituted by a silicone oil of low viscosity, that is to say less than 400 centipoise.
- the amount of oily phase present in the emulsion can be adjusted as a function of the diameter of the macropores that one wishes to obtain for the silica impression, it being understood that the higher the volume fraction oil / water, the larger the diameter. droplets of oil within the emulsion will be weak and the diameter of the macropores will be low also.
- the oily phase represents from 60 to 90% by volume relative to the total volume of the emulsion. This amount of oil makes it possible to obtain a silica impression in which the mean diameter of the macropores varies from approximately 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the surfactant compound may be a cationic surfactant chosen in particular from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- TTAB tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the reaction medium is brought to a pH of less than 3, preferably less than 1. Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide is particularly preferred.
- the surfactant compound may further be an anionic surfactant selected from sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphonate and sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate (AOT).
- AOT sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate
- the surfactant compound may finally be a nonionic surfactant chosen from ethoxylated head surfactants and nonylphenols.
- ethoxylated head surfactants and nonylphenols there may be mentioned in particular block copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol sold for example under the trade names Pluronic® P 123 and Pluronic® F 127 by BASF.
- the reaction medium is brought to a pH of greater than 10 or less than 3, preferably less than 1, and preferably also contains sodium fluoride in order to improve the condensation of the precursors of silica oxide.
- the total amount of surfactant present in the emulsion can also be adjusted as a function of the diameter of the macropores that it is desired to obtain in the silica impression. This amount is also variable depending on the nature of the surfactant used. In general, the amount of surfactant varies from 1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the emulsion.
- the step of condensing the precursor (s) of silica oxide and / or of the precursor (s) of organically modified silica oxide is advantageously carried out at a temperature close to ambient temperature.
- the duration of this step can vary from a few hours (2 to 3 hours) to a few weeks (2 to 3 weeks) depending on the pH of the reaction medium.
- the silica impression obtained at the end of the first step is washed with the aid of an organic solvent (such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, acetone and their mixtures) and then dried (for example by air in an oven or by lyophilization) before undergoing the impregnation step with the solution of carbon precursor or ceramic precursor.
- an organic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, acetone and their mixtures
- the solvent of the coupling agent solution used in the coupling reaction is an organic solvent, preferably selected from chloroform, toluene and mixtures thereof.
- said solvent is a mixture of equal parts, chloroform and toluene.
- the amount of coupling agent in the solution used for the functionalization step may be adjusted according to the diameter of the macropores of the silica monolith and the amount of unpurified enzyme that it is desired to immobilize. In general, this amount may vary from 0.02 M to 0.5 M, and preferably from 0.05 M to 0.2 M.
- a solution of coupling agent at 0.1 M in a mixture of chloroform and toluene 50/50 (v / v) is used.
- the functionalization step of the alveolar monolith by the coupling agent is preferably carried out under vacuum at ambient temperature for a duration of about 72 hours.
- the immobilization step of the unpurified enzyme is preferably carried out under vacuum at room temperature for a period of about 72 hours.
- the washing of the monolith at the end of the functionalization step is preferably carried out with an organic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform or acetone. Finally, the monolith is dried, preferably in air for about 2 days. The washing of the monolith at the end of the immobilization step of the unpurified enzyme is preferably carried out with distilled water.
- the heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst according to the present invention can be used for carrying out catalyzed chemical reactions in heterogeneous phase.
- the nature of the chemical reactions that can be catalysed by the catalyst according to the invention will of course vary depending on the nature of the unpurified enzyme which is immobilized.
- the catalyst according to the invention is used to catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides of fatty acids, esterification reactions between an acid and an alcohol, transesterification reactions between a ester and an alcohol, inter-esterification reactions between two esters or reactions of transfer of an acetyl group from an ester to an amine or a thiol.
- said catalyst can be used, for example, to catalyze:
- butyloleate which is a lubricant for biodiesels
- hydrolysis of glycerolinoleic ester derivatives to lead to soaps or detergents
- the present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, to which it is however not limited.
- TTAB tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- TEOS Tetraethoxyorthosilane 98%
- Coupling agent ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane sold under the trade name Glymo by Sigma Aldrich (St-Louis, MO);
- Candida Rugosa Lipase EC3.1.1.3, Type VII, 700 U / mg, Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO); Thermomyces Lanuginosus Lipase, at least 100,000 U / g solution, Sigma Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO);
- the macroporosity was qualitatively characterized by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique using a scanning electron microscope sold under the reference JSM-840A by JEOL, operating at 10 kV.
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- the macroporosity was quantified by mercury intrusion measurements, using a device marketed under the name Micromeritics Autopore IV, to reach the characteristics of the macroscopic cells composing the monolith skeleton.
- the monoliths were subjected to a small angle X-ray (X-ray) diffraction analysis (SAXs), using a 18kW (Rigaku-200) rotating anode RX source using a crystal (111) of Ge as monochromator.
- SAXs small angle X-ray
- the scattered radiation was collected on a two-dimensional collector (Imaging Plate System, marketed by Mar Research, Hamburg). The distance from the detector to the sample was 500 mm.
- the mesoporosity was characterized qualitatively by a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique using a microscope sold under the reference H7650 by the company Hitachi, having an acceleration voltage of 80 kV, and coupled to a camera sold under the reference Orius 11 MPX by the company Gatan lnc.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- TEOS TEOS
- TTAB aqueous solution of TTAB
- This solution was then acidified by adding 5.88 g of a 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid solution.
- the hydrolysis was allowed to proceed with stirring for about 5 minutes until a monophasic hydrophilic medium (aqueous phase of the emulsion) was obtained.
- 40.0 g of dodecane (oily phase of the emulsion) were then added to this aqueous phase dropwise with stirring.
- the mixture was transferred to a cylindrical container as a macroscopic mold.
- the emulsion was then allowed to condense as a silica monolith for 3 days at room temperature.
- the Silica monolith thus synthesized was then washed three times with tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the silica monolith was then allowed to dry for 3 days at ambient temperature and then it was subjected to heat treatment at 650 ° C. for 6 hours by applying a temperature rise rate of 2 ° C./min., With a plateau. at 200 0 C for 2 hours.
- a silica monolith was obtained which was designated MSi.
- the silica monolith obtained above in the previous step was cut into several pieces of 1 g each.
- silica monoliths were then extracted from the lipase solutions and then washed three times with distilled water in order to remove the excess of enzymes, and then dried at room temperature for 12 hours. There was thus obtained silica monoliths immobilizing a lipase via Glymo (MSi-Glymo-1CR and MSi-Glymo-17Z). These monoliths were stored at 4 ° C prior to their use as a heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst.
- the same esterification reaction was thus repeated 21 times using, each time, the same catalyst. Between the 10 th and 11 th reactions, the catalyst was stored at 4 ° C for 2 months. Between each esterification reaction, the catalyst was thus recovered, washed with heptane and then dried before being reused again to catalyze a new esterification reaction.
- the catalytic activity of the catalyst MSi-ICR which is not in accordance with the invention never reaches 100% (only 95% during the first cycle) and that the kinetics of the reaction is, moreover, twice as slow as with the enzymatic catalyst MSi-Glymo-1CR according to the present invention.
- the catalytic activity of MSi-ICR begins secondly to decrease from the 2nd esterification cycle, reaching 87% at the end of 5 th esterification cycle.
- the MSi-Glymo-1CR catalyst according to the present invention leads to higher than the best conversion rates. levels obtained to date with the heterogeneous catalysts described in the prior art, this better catalytic activity being accompanied by a better stability over time of the catalyst. Indeed, the heterogeneous catalysts described in the prior art, in particular catalysts in which the same Candida Rugosa enzyme has been immobilized in a polyurethane foam (Awang, R et al., Am. J. Biochem.
- Example 2 0.20 g of MSi-Glymo-1CR as prepared above in Example 1 was introduced into 15 ml of water saturated heptane (0.6% by weight). The mixture was brought to a temperature of 37-38 ° C., then 100 ⁇ l of trilinolein dissolved in MTBE at a concentration of 100 mg / ml were added to ultimately give a solution of trilinolein having a concentration of 0. , 66 mg / mL. The reaction medium was incubated for 24 hours at a temperature of 37-38 ° C.
- the hydrolysis reaction was monitored by quantifying the disappearance of trilinolein and the appearance of the intermediate products (4 '), (4 ") and (4' ') and end products (linoleic acid (5) and glycerol (6)), by HPLC. After 24 hours of incubation, the heterogeneous MSi-Glymo-1CR catalyst was recovered and then washed 3 times with the heptane solution saturated with water.
- This reaction leads to the formation of linoleic acid ethanoate (8) and glycerol (6).
- Such a reaction is used for the production of biodiesels which are methyl or ethyl esters of vegetable oils.
- the reaction was carried out in "batch" mode in tubes containing 4 ml of heptane, 100 ⁇ l of glyceryl trilinoleate (4) previously dissolved in MTBE at a concentration of 100 mg / ml, 25 mg of ethanol and 387 mg of MSi-Glymo-17i as prepared above in Example 1.
- the reaction medium was incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours.
- the conversion of glyceryl trilinoleate (4) to linoleic acid ethanoate (8) was followed by HPLC.
- the catalyst was recovered, washed with heptane and dried before being reused again to catalyze a new transesterification reaction.
- the heterogeneous MSi-Glymo-17Z catalyst can be used to catalyze the transesterification of trilinoline into ethanoate linoleic acid with a conversion of up to 100% in 24 hours at 37C ° in the first cycle and decreasing to 45% after the 5th cycle.
- This loss of activity is however certainly due to the presence of ethanol which has a denaturing action vis-à-vis the lipase.
- This result is nevertheless higher than the conversion rates obtained by using a macroporous polyglutaraldehyde-modified polymer foam immobilizing the same enzyme, which is 90.2% in 24 hours (Dizge, N. et al, Bioresource Technology, 2009). , 100, 1983-1991.
- heterogeneous catalyst according to the invention allows the T. lanuginosus lipase to function optimally in essentially anhydrous medium (heptane) without the need to add water while It is well known that for a lipase to express its maximum catalytic potential, it must be carried out in a medium with a certain water content (Linko, Y.Y. et al, JAOCS, 1995, 72 (1)). 1), 1293-1299).
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Abstract
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CN2010800349351A CN102482663A (zh) | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-05 | 非均相酶催化剂、制备方法和用途 |
BR112012000423A BR112012000423A2 (pt) | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-05 | catalizador enzimático heterogêneo, processo de preparação, e, utilização do mesmo. |
EP10742198A EP2451949A1 (fr) | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-05 | Catalyseur enzymatique heterogene, procede de preparation et utilisation |
US13/380,929 US20120196337A1 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-05 | Heterogenous enzymatic catalyst, preparation method, and use |
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FR0954634A FR2947564B1 (fr) | 2009-07-06 | 2009-07-06 | Catalyseur enzymatique heterogene, procede de preparation et utilisation |
FR0954634 | 2009-07-06 |
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EP (1) | EP2451949A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102482663A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012000423A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2947564B1 (fr) |
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FR2993874A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-31 | Univ Paris Curie | Procede de preparation de monolithes silico-aluminiques macroporeux, monolithes silico-aluminiques macroporeux obtenus selon ce procede, et leur utilisation a titre de catalyseur acide |
CN106916179B (zh) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-28 | 苏州硒诺唯新新材料科技有限公司 | 功能化材料及其生产工艺与使用 |
CN111778297B (zh) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-07-29 | 山东华素制药有限公司 | 一种改进的1-苄基-3-哌啶醇中间体合成方法 |
CN112028079B (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 山西大学 | 一种载酶氧化硅毫米球及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2023089035A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-25 | Inofea Ag | Compositions biocatalytiques |
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US9388345B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2016-07-12 | Sartec Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis methods, apparatus, and systems |
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US10541060B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2020-01-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Inorganic cellular monobloc cation-exchange materials, the preparation method thereof, and separation method using same |
US10239812B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2019-03-26 | Sartec Corporation | Systems and methods for synthesis of phenolics and ketones |
US10544381B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-01-28 | Sartec Corporation | Methods and apparatus for producing alkyl esters from a reaction mixture containing acidified soap stock, alcohol feedstock, and acid |
US10696923B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Sartec Corporation | Methods and apparatus for producing alkyl esters from lipid feed stocks, alcohol feedstocks, and acids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120196337A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP2451949A1 (fr) | 2012-05-16 |
CN102482663A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
FR2947564B1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 |
BR112012000423A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
FR2947564A1 (fr) | 2011-01-07 |
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