WO2010146762A1 - 構造物における水の検知方法及び構造物用部材並びに構造物における水の検知装置 - Google Patents
構造物における水の検知方法及び構造物用部材並びに構造物における水の検知装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010146762A1 WO2010146762A1 PCT/JP2010/003073 JP2010003073W WO2010146762A1 WO 2010146762 A1 WO2010146762 A1 WO 2010146762A1 JP 2010003073 W JP2010003073 W JP 2010003073W WO 2010146762 A1 WO2010146762 A1 WO 2010146762A1
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- flooding
- water
- active rfid
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- detecting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
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- the present invention relates to a method for detecting water in a structure, a member for the structure, and a water detection apparatus for the structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to flooding of road surfaces caused by rainwater, flooding, etc., river inundation, river revetment, levee, inundation or flooding of riverbeds, bridges, etc. Detecting water in structures that can quickly detect sudden inundation such as flooding, flooding of bridges, flooding of railways, underground rooms, underground parking lots, underground structures such as underground shopping streets Further, the present invention relates to a structural member to which a water detection method in the structure is applied, and a water detection device in the structure. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-143325 for which it applied to Japan on June 16, 2009, and uses the content here.
- the conventional methods of knowing flooding of roads include collecting information on flooding from neighboring residents, monitoring by road managers or their destinations where there is a risk of flooding, road flooding.
- sensors used in this apparatus include a float type sensor, a hydraulic pressure level sensor, and a capacitance type sensor (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the float type or water pressure type sensor detects the water level and water pressure entering the cylindrical container, so it is prone to clogging with dust and mud, and it is easy to break down. There was a point.
- the capacitance type sensor has a problem that the sensor portion is easily contaminated, and the accuracy is easily lowered due to a decrease in electromotive force.
- the conventional detection device since it is easily affected by dust, vibration, impact, sunlight, etc., a failure is likely to occur, and in a normal state where there is no flood or water increase, the presence / absence of the failure is determined. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain accurate and stable information over a long period of time.
- Another problem is that frequent maintenance and inspection is required. In particular, when submergence or increase of water occurs, there is a risk that dust, mud, dirt, etc. may adhere to the sensor part in the conventional detection device. It was necessary to check whether or not the detection device operates normally.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and flooding of road surfaces caused by rainwater, flooding, etc., flooding of rivers, river bank protection, dikes, riverbeds, bridges, etc. Rapid detection of sudden incidents such as rising tide levels on the coast, inundation or inundation of coastal revetments, embankments, bridges, flooding of tracks, underground rooms, underground parking lots, underground structures such as underground shopping streets and underground passages
- a method for detecting water in a structure that is less susceptible to external influences such as dust, vibration, shock, and sunlight, and that is easy to maintain and inspect, and a method for detecting water in the structure are applied. It aims at providing the member for structures, and the detector of the water in a structure.
- the present inventors have embedded one or a plurality of active RFIDs (Radio-Frequency Identification) at a position to detect flooding, flooding or inundation of the structure.
- a receiving means for receiving electromagnetic waves transmitted from one or a plurality of the active RFIDs is provided at or near the structure, and when the structure is flooded, flooded or flooded, If the receiving means receives that the intensity of electromagnetic waves transmitted from the active RFID has changed due to flooding, flooding or flooding, flooding of road surfaces caused by rainwater or flooding, river flooding, river flooding, etc.
- the method for detecting water in a structure is a method for detecting submergence, water increase or inundation in a structure, wherein one or a plurality of water is detected at a position for detecting submergence, water increase or submergence in the structure.
- a receiving means for receiving an electromagnetic wave transmitted from one or a plurality of the active RFIDs is provided at or near the structure, and the structure is submerged, flooded, or submerged.
- the receiving means is the active type Detects flooding, flooding or flooding of the structure by receiving electromagnetic waves whose intensity has been changed by the water transmitted from the RFID And wherein the door.
- the location and reception of at least one active RFID of the structure is buried or installed by flooding, flooding or flooding.
- the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID is affected by the water and the intensity thereof changes. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic wave with the changed intensity, it is possible to know that flooding, flooding, or flooding has occurred at the position where the active RFID transmitting the electromagnetic wave with the changed intensity is embedded or installed. become.
- the active RFID has no mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside, so that even in harsh environments, the detection function may deteriorate or break down due to mud, dust, etc.
- the detection function may deteriorate or break down due to mud, dust, etc.
- even when a load or impact is applied it is not broken by the load or impact.
- even if flooding or water increase occurs once there is no risk of malfunction or failure due to such flooding or water increase. Therefore, maintenance and management are not required, and it is always possible to detect flooding or water increase in the best operating state, and furthermore, it can be used repeatedly.
- by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves between the active RFID and the receiving means it is possible to constantly monitor the operating state of the active RFID and whether or not there is a failure even in a normal state where there is no flooding, flooding or flooding. Is possible.
- At least one active RFID among the plurality of active RFIDs receives an electromagnetic wave transmitted from another active RFID and transfers the received electromagnetic wave. It is characterized by comprising a transfer means.
- the structure includes In the event of flooding, flooding or flooding, by receiving the electromagnetic wave transmitted by another active RFID that has detected it, it is relayed once, and the received electromagnetic wave is transferred to an external alarm means or display means. It becomes possible to configure a network by a plurality of active RFIDs.
- the method for detecting water in a structure according to the present invention is characterized in that when the structure is a road and the road is flooded, the flooding of the road is detected.
- this water detection method when a road is flooded, if water enters between the position where the active RFID of the road is buried or installed and the position where the receiving means is provided, the active RFID transmits a call.
- the electromagnetic wave is affected by this water and its intensity changes. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic wave with the changed intensity, it is possible to know that the road has been submerged.
- the structure is any one or more of a river bank, a dike, a riverbed, and a bridge. Any one or more of the inundation of the structure and the flooding of the structure is detected.
- the location and receiving means where one or more active RFIDs of one or more of river revetment, embankment, riverbed, and bridge are buried or installed due to this water increase are provided.
- the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID is affected by the water and its intensity changes. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic waves with the changed intensity, it becomes possible to know that the river has increased.
- the structure is one or more of a coastal revetment, a dike, and a bridge
- the tide level of the coast rises the rise of the tide level Any one or more of the inundation of the structure and the flooding of the structure is detected.
- the position and receiving means where one or more active RFIDs of one or more of the coastal revetment, embankment, and bridge are buried or installed due to the rise of the tide level.
- the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID is affected by the water and its intensity changes. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic wave with the changed intensity, it becomes possible to know that the tide level on the coast has risen.
- the method for detecting water in a structure according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the structure is a railway track, the flooding of the track is detected when the track is flooded.
- this water detection method when a track is flooded, if water enters between the position where the active RFID of the track is buried or installed and the position where the receiving means is provided, the active RFID transmits the signal.
- the electromagnetic wave is affected by this water and its intensity changes. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic wave with the changed intensity, it becomes possible to know that the track has been submerged.
- the method for detecting water in a structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the structure is an underground structure, and when the underground structure is submerged, the inundation of the underground structure is detected.
- this water detection method when an underground structure is submerged, if water enters between the position where the active RFID of the underground structure is buried or installed and the position where the receiving means is provided, The intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID changes under the influence of the water. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic wave with the changed intensity, it is possible to know that the underground structure has been submerged.
- the structural member of the present invention is a structural member to which the method for detecting water in the structure of the present invention is applied, wherein the active RFID is embedded or installed. Since the active RFID is embedded or installed in the structural member, the active RFID has no mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside. Even in harsh environments such as underground structures, the detection function does not deteriorate or break down due to mud, dust, etc., and even when a load or impact is applied, it may break due to the load or impact No.
- the water detection device in the structure of the present invention is a device that detects submergence, water increase, or inundation in the structure, and is either one embedded or installed at a position for detecting submergence, water increase, or water intrusion in the structure.
- the position where the active RFID of the structure is embedded or installed by the flooding, flooding, or flooding and the receiving means When water enters between the provided position, the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID is affected by the water and its intensity changes. If the receiving means receives the electromagnetic wave whose intensity has changed, the submersion or the water increase at the position where the active RFID is buried or installed based on the change in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave from the active RFID transmitted from the receiving means by the detecting means. Alternatively, it is possible to detect that water has occurred.
- the active RFID has no mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside, so even in harsh environments such as roads, rivers, railroad tracks, underground structures, mud, The detection function does not deteriorate or break down due to dust or the like, and even when a load or impact is applied, it is not broken by the load or impact.
- the active RFID by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves between the active RFID and the receiving means, it is possible to constantly monitor the operating state of the active RFID and whether or not there is a failure even in a normal state where there is no flooding, flooding or flooding. Is possible.
- At least one active RFID among the plurality of active RFIDs receives an electromagnetic wave transmitted from another active RFID and transfers the received electromagnetic wave. It is characterized by comprising a transfer means.
- the structure is submerged and flooded. Or, when inundation occurs, it relays once by receiving electromagnetic waves transmitted by other active RFIDs that have detected it, and transfers the received electromagnetic waves to an external alarm means or display means. It is possible to configure a network using active RFID.
- the water detection device in the structure of the present invention is characterized in that the detection means is provided with either or both of an alarm means and a display means for notifying that the flooding, flooding or flooding has occurred. .
- the detection means is provided with either or both of an alarm means and a display means for notifying that flooding, flooding or flooding has occurred, so that the structure can be flooded, flooded or flooded. When it occurs, it becomes possible to promptly notify residents and managers that flooding, flooding or flooding has occurred.
- the fact that the flooding, flooding or flooding has occurred is regarded as the intensity change of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID. It can be detected promptly.
- active RFID has no mechanical parts and sensor parts are not exposed to the outside. Therefore, even in harsh environments such as roads, rivers, coasts, railway tracks, underground structures, etc., The detection function does not deteriorate or break down due to dust or the like. Further, even when a load or impact is applied, it is not broken by the load or impact.
- Once flooding or flooding occurs there is no risk of malfunction or failure due to these flooding or flooding, so maintenance is not time-consuming and always the best. Submergence and water increase can be detected in the operating state, and can be used repeatedly.
- an active RFID network can be configured.
- the active RFID is embedded or installed in the structural member to which the water detection method in the structure of the present invention is applied, roads, rivers, coasts, railway tracks Even in harsh environments such as underground structures, the detection function can be prevented from being deteriorated or broken due to mud, dust, etc., and can also be prevented from being broken due to load or impact.
- the water detection device in the structure of the present invention it is possible to quickly detect that the structure has been submerged, flooded, or flooded based on the intensity change of the electromagnetic wave from the active RFID transmitted from the receiving means. Can do.
- active RFID does not have a mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside, mud can be removed even in harsh environments such as roads, coasts, rivers, railway tracks, underground structures, etc.
- the detection function does not deteriorate or break down due to dust or the like. Further, even when a load or impact is applied, it is not broken by the load or impact.
- by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves between the active RFID and the receiving means it is possible to constantly monitor the operating state of the active RFID and whether or not there is a failure even in a normal state where there is no flooding, flooding or flooding. Can do.
- the detection means is provided with an alarm means or a display means for notifying that flooding, flooding or flooding has occurred, if the structure is flooded, flooding or flooding, flooding, flooding or flooding has occurred. It is possible to promptly notify the residents and managers.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a water detection device in a structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and is an example of a device for detecting flooding of a road, which is a kind of structure.
- 1 is a concrete paved road
- 2 is a road flooding detection device (water detection device in a structure) installed on the concrete paved road 1.
- the road here includes a roadway, a sidewalk, a cycling road, a mountain trail, a street, and the like.
- a concrete paved road will be described as an example, but the road pavement type in this embodiment is not limited to concrete pavement, but about other pavement type roads such as asphalt pavement, block tension, and stone paving. Is applicable as well as the concrete paved road of this embodiment. It can also be applied to unpaved roads.
- the submergence detection device 2 includes an active RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) 11 embedded in the concrete layer 3 of the concrete paved road 1 and an electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 provided near the concrete paved road 1.
- the active RFID 11 is a device having an electromagnetic wave transmission / reception function including an IC chip, an antenna unit, a battery, and the like, and an active RFID tag is preferable, but the type of the device is not particularly limited, and charging is performed without contact.
- the type of RFID that can be used may be used. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which supplies electric power from the outside with a power line, solar power generation, another power generation device, etc. In this case, a battery is unnecessary.
- electromagnetic waves to be used in addition to radio waves used in the information and communication field, there are infrared rays, visible rays, X-rays, etc. Generally, the lower the frequency, the smaller the decrease in transmission (attenuation) when passing water. However, in any case, any frequency band passes through water, resulting in a decrease in permeability (attenuation).
- radio wave frequencies that can be used for the active RFID 11 in accordance with laws and regulations, such as about 135 kHz, about 13.56 MHz, about 430 MHz, about 900 MHz, about 2.45 GHz, and about 5 GHz. Since the active RFID 11 utilizes the phenomenon that the transmitted radio wave is reduced (attenuated) due to the presence of water, the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 is preferably attenuated to some extent in water.
- the frequency band to be used is preferably about 135 kHz, about 13.56 MHz, about 430 MHz, about 900 MHz, about 2.45 GHz, or about 5 GHz, More preferred is either about 2.45 GHz or about 5 GHz.
- the frequency band that can be used is expanded in the future due to legal regulations, it is possible to use the frequency as appropriate.
- foundations such as curbs, boundary blocks, guardrails, sound insulation walls, etc., side grooves and side groove covers, streets, median strip blocks, paving slabs, rowwood fences, interlocking blocks, paving Brick, buried display pile, fence, lane marking, cat's eye, reflector, interior of asphalt pavement and concrete pavement, interior of floor slab, makeup block, makeup panel, tile, etc. It is preferable to use in the form.
- the active RFID 11 is preferably sufficiently strong and can withstand shocks, has a waterproof structure, and has a structure incorporated in a housing that is not likely to be moved intentionally after installation. Further, a structure in which the active RFID 11 is sealed with a plastic sheet or the like and waterproofed may be incorporated in a housing that can withstand impact.
- the embedding depth of the active RFID 11 is set such that when the concrete paved road 1 is submerged, the radio wave used is sufficiently attenuated or blocked by the submergence.
- the water covers the upper part of the active RFID 11.
- covering the upper part means a water level to be detected including an air layer or a concrete layer, a place and a direction in which a moisture amount is accumulated, and includes, for example, detection in a horizontal direction.
- water intervenes between the active RFID 11 and the receiver 12. Therefore, when the active RFID 11 is embedded in the concrete layer 3, it is sufficient to embed the active RFID 11 at a depth that allows the receiver 12 to maintain transparency enough to communicate with the receiver 12 at normal times. .
- the intensity of radio waves transmitted from the surface of the concrete layer 3 so that a considerable amount of radio waves are attenuated or blocked when the water level is determined to be flooded.
- the distance from the active RFID 11 embedded in the concrete layer 3 to the receiver 12 is 10 m
- a sufficiently strong radio wave reaches the receiver 12 from the active RFID 11 in the concrete layer 3.
- the transmission intensity is set, even if the submergence sufficiently occurs, if the radio wave is not sufficiently attenuated or blocked, there is a problem in the reliability and reliability of the sensor. Therefore, the intensity of the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 embedded in the concrete layer 3 is not necessarily strong, and the transmission intensity at which a considerable amount of attenuation or blocking occurs when the water level is determined to be flooded. Need to be adjusted.
- active A method of adjusting the transmission intensity itself of the radio wave from the type RFID 11, a method of changing the transmission / reception antenna of the active type RFID 11, or a method of adjusting the reception sensitivity of the receiver 12 or changing the reception antenna is also possible.
- the strength of the radio wave may be adjusted by attaching or winding a conductive metal foil such as an aluminum foil to the active RFID 11 and adjusting the exposed area of the opening. The effect of the present invention can also be exhibited by adjusting the distance between the active RFID 11 and the receiver 12 according to the state of the site as appropriate.
- the intensity of radio waves transmitted from the surface of the concrete layer 3 of the active RFID 11 can be optimally set by appropriately combining settings and the like according to the site where the positional relationship is installed.
- This active RFID 11 can be individually assigned an identification number such as an ID number. Thereby, it is possible to clearly identify and know where the active RFID in which the submergence is detected or the failure is detected is installed.
- the receiver 12 may have a function of transmitting radio waves to the active RFID 11 as well as receiving radio waves transmitted from the active RFID 11. In this case, it is possible not only to obtain information unilaterally from the active RFID 11 but also to check the situation such as whether or not the active RFID 11 is operating normally from the receiver 12 side. Further, a signal can be sent from the receiver 12 to change the setting of the active RFID 11 or the like. For example, the transmission interval of radio waves can be changed.
- This submergence detection method is a method of detecting the submergence of the concrete pavement 1, that is, the submergence of the concrete layer 3, using the above submergence detection device 2. Specifically, when submergence occurs on the road surface of the concrete paved road 1 and water enters between the active RFID 11 embedded in the concrete layer 3 and the receiver 12, the receiver 12 is activated. In this method, the intensity of the radio wave transmitted from the RFID 11 changes due to the flooding, and an electromagnetic wave whose intensity has changed is received to detect the flooding on the road surface of the concrete paved road 1.
- Radio waves are always transmitted from the active RFID 11, and the radio waves are received by the receiver 12.
- “always” includes not only that radio waves are constantly transmitted but also that radio waves are transmitted at regular time intervals. In this case, it is possible to confirm whether or not the active RFID 11 is operating normally by monitoring the communication state between the active RFID 11 and the receiver 12. For example, if the received radio wave from the active RFID 11 is not normal even though there is no rainfall information, it is known that the active RFID 11 is out of order (malfunction, battery consumption, etc.). Exchange etc. can be performed.
- the amount of attenuation of this radio wave is determined by the thickness of the water layer interposed between the active RFID 11 and the receiver 12. Therefore, the intensity change of the radio wave is calculated from the intensity of the radio wave received by the receiver 12 when the road surface is submerged and the intensity of the radio wave received by the receiver 12 in a normal state where the road surface is not submerged.
- the state of the water layer interposed between the active RFID 11 and the receiver 12 can be detected. Therefore, the height of the water surface accumulated on the road surface from the road surface can be detected, and the flooded state of the road can be detected.
- the road surface of the concrete paved road 1 is set by setting the height of the water surface to be detected as flooding and adjusting and setting the intensity and frequency band of the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 accordingly.
- the height of the upper water surface becomes the set water surface height, it can be detected as flooding.
- the height of the water surface to be detected is set so that an abnormality is detected as flooding when the height of the water surface from the road surface reaches 20 cm, and the intensity or frequency band of the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 is set accordingly.
- the height of the water surface on the road surface becomes a set height (for example, 20 cm)
- the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 is attenuated and can no longer reach the receiver 12.
- the height of the water accumulated on the road surface at the place where the active RFID 11 is installed is set to a height ( (For example, it is 20 cm). Further, by adjusting the intensity and frequency band of the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11, when the water surface reaches a set height (for example, 20 cm), the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 is attenuated, and the receiver 12 The received radio wave can be set lower than a certain threshold value. Thus, if a threshold value is set for the intensity of radio waves, it can be distinguished from transmission or reception failure due to failure, and a stable detection result can be obtained.
- the height of the water surface may be grasped from the strength of the radio wave received by the receiver 12. It can. For example, when the strength of the radio wave received by the receiver 12 is S, the height of the water surface is 10 cm, and when the strength of the radio wave received by the receiver 12 is M, the height of the water surface is 20 cm. If the intensity of the radio wave received by L 12 is L, the height of the water surface on the road surface can be grasped in time series by setting the height of the water surface to 30 cm. Now, flood countermeasures can be taken.
- a rain sensor or the like is separately installed in a place where the rain outside the concrete paved road 1 can be directly detected. In such a case, it may be determined that there is an abnormality (emergency) together with a decrease or interruption of the radio wave from the active RFID 11, and notification may be made immediately to residents and managers.
- the active RFID 11 can also be installed on the surface of the concrete layer 3 in places where traffic of automobiles and people is not intense. Moreover, it can also be attached to an installation object which is installed on a predetermined position above the concrete layer 3, for example, a road sign, a display board, a reflector, etc., and can be attached to a required position.
- an installation object which is installed on a predetermined position above the concrete layer 3, for example, a road sign, a display board, a reflector, etc.
- the active RFID 11 when the active RFID 11 is submerged, if the intensity of the transmitted radio wave in the active RFID 11 is set so that the radio RFID is not received or is lower than a threshold value, the active RFID 11 is submerged. It can be seen that the water has reached the height at which the active RFID 11 is installed. Further, if the correlation between the height of the water surface and the received radio wave when the water surface exceeds the height at which the active RFID 11 is installed, the subsequent situation of the height of the water surface can be grasped.
- the active RFID 11 can be installed on the side surface of the concrete paved road 1 or the like.
- This side surface is a wall or the like on the side surface of the road, and in this case, the same operation and effect as when attached to a predetermined position above the concrete layer 3 can be achieved.
- One active RFID 11 may be installed at a location where the concrete paved road 1 is to be detected, or may be installed at a plurality of locations.
- the submergence state abnormal state
- the submergence state can be grasped more reliably and more accurately from the radio wave state of each of the plurality of active RFIDs 11.
- the active RFID 11 when the active RFID 11 is installed in the underpass, it is usually installed at the lowest position of the underpass, which is the deepest flooded part. In addition, if for some reason it cannot be installed at the lowest position of the underpass, even if the active RFID 11 is installed at a position other than the lowest position, if the height of water from the road surface at that position is known, Since the height of water at the bottom can be calculated, this may be done.
- the active RFIDs 11 When a plurality of the active RFIDs 11 are installed in the underpass, they may be installed from the lowermost part to the upper part of the underpass. In this case, the active RFID 11 installed at different heights can detect flooding in order from the lower one. Thereby, the condition of the flood on the road surface can be grasped.
- the active RFID 11 has a function other than the sensor
- the following functions can be provided by installing one or more active RFIDs 11.
- the multi-hop method Information communication and information transmission can be performed by using.
- an active RFID tag can be used as a sensor node.
- a radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 at a detection target location is transmitted to the receiver 12 via one or more other active RFIDs 11.
- the active RFID 11 at the detection target location has both a function as a sensor and a function as a radio wave transmitter, and the other active type RFID 11 functions as a radio wave repeater (transceiver).
- the active RFID 11 can be arbitrarily activated as a sensor node within the range of the maximum communicable distance.
- the RFID 11 can be installed, and the installation becomes easy.
- the information received by the receiver 12 may be transmitted directly from the receiver 12 to a management facility such as a management office.
- the reception information of several receivers 12 is collected at the base station, You may transmit to a management office etc. from a base station.
- the active RFID 11 transmits / receives to / from the receiver 12 or other active RFIDs 11 serving as sensor nodes at regular intervals, and transmits the information to the management office via the base station as necessary.
- a method of recognizing the operating state of the active RFID 11 at the installation location is adopted.
- a function to check each status irregularly can be added by sending an instruction from a management office or the like via a base station if necessary. For example, when the radio wave intensity from one active RFID 11 changes, it is judged on the system together with the information of the rain sensor installed at a place where external rain can be directly detected. If there is, it is determined that the active RFID 11 has failed, and the system notifies the administrator of the failure.
- the fact of flooding can be quickly detected as a change in the intensity of electromagnetic waves transmitted from the active RFID 11.
- the active RFID 11 since the active RFID 11 has no mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside, the detection function is deteriorated by mud, dust, etc. even in a harsh environment such as the concrete paved road 1. There is no failure. Further, even when a load or impact is applied, it is not broken by the load or impact.
- the submerged condition of the concrete paved road 1 and active can be monitored in real time, and the detection reliability can be improved. Further, even if irregular data is detected during the measurement, by repeatedly performing the measurement as described above, adverse effects due to the irregular data can be alleviated, and the detection reliability can be improved.
- the water detection device of the present embodiment is applied to a road other than a concrete paved road, such as an asphalt paved road, a block paved road, a stone paved road, or an unpaved road, the concrete paved road of the present embodiment
- a road other than a concrete paved road such as an asphalt paved road, a block paved road, a stone paved road, or an unpaved road
- the concrete paved road of the present embodiment The same operations and effects can be achieved.
- FIG. 2 is sectional drawing which shows the water detection apparatus in the structure of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and is an example of the apparatus which detects the water increase in the riverbank which is a kind of structure.
- This water increase detection device 21 includes a plurality of active RFIDs 11, a receiver 12, a detector 13, an alarm device 14, a display device 15, and a revetment 23, a river bed 24, and a dike 25 of a river 22. It is comprised by.
- the difference between the flood detection device 21 and the flood detection device 2 of the first embodiment is that the flood detection device 2 of the first embodiment is a device that detects the flood of the road surface of the concrete paved road 1, whereas
- This water increase detection device 21 is a device that detects water increase of the river 22 at the revetment 23, flooding (flooding) at the river bed 24, and water increase at the embankment 25.
- each of the active RFID 11, the receiver 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 of the water increase detection device 21 are the same as the active RFID 11 of the flood detection device 2 of the first embodiment. Since the configuration and operation of each of the machine 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 are the same, the description thereof is omitted here.
- a method for detecting water increase in the river 22, inundation (flooding) in the river bed 24, and water increase in the embankment 25 will be described using the water increase detection device 21.
- Radio waves are always transmitted from the active RFID 11, and the radio waves are received by the receiver 12.
- the active RFID 11 is flooded by the flood of the river 22, and the intensity of the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 is changed by the flood.
- the receiver 12 receives the electromagnetic wave whose intensity has changed, it can be detected that the river 22 has increased in water. If a plurality of active RFIDs 11 are provided on the revetment 23 at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction, the degree of water increase in the river 22 can be known sequentially, and the risk of water increase can be grasped more accurately. .
- the active RFID 11 is flooded by the flooding of the riverbed 24, and the intensity of radio waves transmitted from the active RFID 11 changes due to the flooding.
- the receiver 12 receives the electromagnetic wave whose intensity has changed, it can be detected that the river bed 24 has been submerged.
- the active RFID 11 is submerged by the increase of the embankment 25, and a change occurs in the intensity of radio waves transmitted from the active RFID 11 due to the flooding.
- the receiver 12 receives the electromagnetic wave whose intensity has changed, it can be detected that the water has increased in the dike 25 as well.
- FIG. 3 is sectional drawing which shows the water detection apparatus in the structure of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, and is an example of the apparatus which detects the flooding of the railroad track which is a kind of structure.
- the flood detection device 31 is provided on a railway line 32 such as a conventional line, a bullet train, or a subway, and a plurality of actives provided on a road bed 34, a road bed 35, and a sleeper 36 on which rails 33 are laid.
- a type RFID 11, a receiver 12, a detector 13, an alarm device 14, and a display device 15 are included.
- the difference between the submergence detection device 31 and the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment is that the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment is a device that detects submergence on the road surface of the concrete paved road 1, whereas This submergence detection device 31 is a device that detects submergence of the rail 33, the roadbed 34, the roadbed 35, the sleepers 36, etc. of the track 32.
- the active RFID 11, the receiver 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 of the submergence detection device 31 are configured and operated in the same manner as the active RFID 11 of the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment. Since the configuration and operation of each of the machine 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 are the same, the description thereof is omitted here.
- the fact of the flooding is transmitted from the active RFID 11. It can be quickly detected as a change in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave.
- the active RFID 11 since the active RFID 11 has no mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside, the detection function is degraded by mud, dust, etc. There is no failure. Further, even when a load or impact is applied, it is not broken by the load or impact.
- FIG. 4 is sectional drawing which shows the water detection apparatus in the structure of the 4th Embodiment of this invention, and is an example of the apparatus which detects the flooding of underground structures, such as an underground mall and an underground passage.
- the submersion detection device 41 is provided in an underground structure 42 such as a basement of a building or a wooden house, an underground parking lot provided in an expressway or a building, an underground shopping center provided in a station facility or building, or the like.
- the difference between the submergence detection device 41 and the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment is that the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment is a device that detects submergence on the road surface of the concrete paved road 1, whereas the submergence detection device 41 is a device that detects submergence of the underground structure 42 when the underground structure 42 is submerged.
- the active RFID 11, the receiver 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 of the submergence detection device 41 are configured and operated in the same manner as the active RFID 11 of the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment. Since it is the same as the structure and operation
- the fact of the submergence can be quickly detected as a change in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID 11. .
- the active RFID 11 since the active RFID 11 has no mechanically operating part and the sensor part is not exposed to the outside, even in the environment of the underground structure 42, the detection function is deteriorated by mud, dust, There is no failure. Further, even when a load or impact is applied, it is not broken by the load or impact.
- FIG. 5 is sectional drawing which shows the water detection apparatus in the structure of the 5th Embodiment of this invention, and is an example of the apparatus which detects the flooding of the road which is a kind of structure.
- the submergence detection device (water detection device in the structure) 51 of the present embodiment is different from the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment in that it is active near both sides in the transverse direction in the concrete layer 3 of the concrete paved road 1.
- the type RFID 11 is provided.
- the active RFID 11, the receiver 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 of the submergence detection device 51 are configured and operated in the same manner as the active RFID 11 of the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment. Since it is the same as the structure and operation
- the fact of this flooding is indicated by the active RFID 11 provided near both sides in the transverse direction in the concrete layer 3. It can be quickly detected as a change in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from.
- the active RFIDs 11 are provided in the vicinity of both sides in the transverse direction in the concrete layer 3, the flooding of the concrete paved road 1 can be detected at a plurality of locations, and the detection reliability can be improved.
- the spacing between RFIDs in both the transverse and longitudinal directions can be wide. Therefore, for example, even when a radio wave having a frequency of 1 GHz or less, such as 400 MHz or 900 MHz, is used, the distance of the submerged portion is substantially increased, and as in the case of using a radio wave having a frequency of 1 GHz or more, concrete is used.
- the flooding of the paved road 1 can be detected with very high sensitivity.
- the active RFID 11 is provided in a plurality of locations in the lane direction in addition to the vicinity of both sides in the transverse direction in the concrete layer 3, for example, near each side in the transverse direction in the concrete layer 3 every 10 m in the lane direction.
- flooding can be detected at multiple locations in the lane direction, the flooded location on the concrete paved road 1 can be quickly identified, and the flooded location on the concrete paved road 1 can be identified with residents and managers. It is possible to make it known accurately and promptly.
- flooding can be detected at a plurality of points that are more and different in distance. Therefore, the condition of flooding at various locations on the concrete paved road 1 is quickly identified, and the location where the flooding occurs on the concrete paved road 1 and the status of flooding are accurately and promptly known to the residents and managers. Can be made. Furthermore, even if the distance to the receiver 12 is very long, the flooding state can be detected efficiently without increasing the number of receivers 12 installed.
- FIG. 6 is sectional drawing which shows the water detection apparatus in the structure of the 6th Embodiment of this invention, and is an example of the apparatus which detects the flooding of the road which is a kind of structure.
- the submersion detection device (water detection device in the structure) 61 of the present embodiment is different from the submersion detection device 2 of the first embodiment in that one end of the concrete pavement road 1 in the concrete layer 3 in the transverse direction.
- An active RFID 11 is provided in the vicinity, and a receiver 12 that receives an electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 is provided in the vicinity of the other end, respectively, and a change in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave from the active RFID 11 received by the receiver 12 is measured on the Internet.
- the communication means 62 such as a radio communication system is used together to notify the entire area including the residents and managers that the concrete paved road 1 has been flooded.
- the active RFID 11, the receiver 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 of the submergence detection device 61 are configured and operated in the same manner as the active RFID 11 of the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment. Since it is the same as the structure and operation
- the fact of the flooding is provided near one end in the transverse direction in the concrete layer 3. It can be quickly detected as a change in intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the active RFID 11.
- the communication means 62 such as the Internet or a wireless communication system is used in combination, it is possible to promptly notify the entire area including the residents and managers that the concrete paved road 1 has been flooded.
- FIG. 7 is sectional drawing which shows the water detection apparatus in the structure of the 7th Embodiment of this invention, and is an example of the apparatus which detects the flooding of the road which is a kind of structure.
- the submergence detection device (water detection device in the structure) 71 of the present embodiment is different from the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment in that grooves 72 are formed in the concrete layer 3 of the concrete paved road 1 in the transverse direction.
- the active RFID 11 is provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the groove 72, and the groove 72 is covered with a lid 73 made of a conductor such as iron.
- the active RFID 11, the receiver 12, the detector 13, the alarm device 14, and the display device 15 of the submergence detection device 71 are configured and operated in the same manner as the active RFID 11 of the submergence detection device 2 of the first embodiment. Since it is the same as the structure and operation
- the fact of the flooding is obtained from the active RFIDs 11 provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the groove 72. It can be quickly detected as a change in the intensity of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.
- the active RFID 11 is provided in the groove 72 of the concrete layer 3, even when the concrete layer 3 is slightly submerged, the flooded water flows into the groove 72, thereby causing a considerable amount of water in the groove 72. Can be formed. Therefore, by detecting the water layer formed in the groove 72 with the active RFID 11, the flooding of the concrete paved road 1 can be detected quickly and reliably.
- the groove 72 is covered with a lid 73 made of a conductor such as iron, the radio wave transmitted from the active RFID 11 can be confined and blocked in the groove 72, and the radio wave may leak upward. In addition, the flooding of the concrete paved road 1 can be detected more reliably.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年6月16日に日本に出願された特願2009-143325号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
例えば、道路の場合では、急激な降雨等により道路の路面に水が溜まり冠水すると、そこを通行する人や自動車、さらには周囲の建物等に被害を及ぼすために、冠水情報を速やかに把握し、適切な対策を行うことが必要になっている。
特に、アンダーパス等の冠水の危険性が高い箇所では、冠水深さが20cmを超える等の異常が認められた場合に、道路標示板で通行規制中であることを知らせる等の措置が取られている。
この装置に使用されているセンサーとしては、フロート式センサー、水圧式水位センサー、静電容量式センサー等がある(特許文献1~3)。
そして、路面の冠水状況が警戒域に達した場合には、現地に係員が赴き、人手によって土嚢を積む等の対応を行っている。
特に、降雨量が増して河川の水位が危険水位に近づき、危険性が高まったと判断された場合、河川管理者あるいはその出先機関が危険水位に近づいた場所に赴いて監視し、必要な対応策をとる等を行っている。
このように、河川管理者等は、常日頃から連絡体制などの確認を行い、迅速な現状把握と情報収集を行っているが、非常時の場合、人手による監視活動等が重要な役割を担っているのが現状である。
そこで、道路や河川等に各種の検知装置を設置してモニターリングすることが行われているが、従来の検知装置は、一般に屋外に設置されることが多く、埃、振動、衝撃、日光等の影響を受け易く、故障や検知の精度の低下が生じ易いという問題点があった。
また、静電容量式のセンサーでは、センサー部分に汚れが付き易く、起電力の低下等による精度の低下を生じ易いという問題点があった。
このように、従来の検知装置では、埃、振動、衝撃、日光等の影響を受け易いために故障が生じ易く、また、冠水や増水等の無い通常の状態では、故障の有無を判定することも難しく、したがって、長期に亘って安定して正確な情報を得ることが難しいという問題点があった。また、頻繁に保守・点検を行う必要があるという問題点もあった。
また、特に、一旦、冠水や増水等が発生した場合、従来の検知装置では、センサー部分に埃、泥、汚れ等が付着している虞があり、冠水や増水等が収まった後に、これらの検知装置が正常に動作するか否かを確認する必要があった。
また、アクティブ型RFIDと受信手段との間で電磁波の送受信を行うことにより、冠水、増水または浸水が生じていない通常の状態においても、アクティブ型RFIDの動作状態及び故障の有無を常時モニタリングすることが可能である。
この水の検知方法では、道路が冠水した場合、この冠水により道路のアクティブ型RFIDが埋設または設置された位置と受信手段が設けられた位置との間に水が入り込むと、アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波がこの水の影響を受けてその強度が変化する。この強度が変化した電磁波を受信手段が受信すれば、道路が冠水したことを知ることが可能になる。
この水の検知方法では、河川が増水した場合、この増水により河川の護岸、堤防、河川敷、橋梁のいずれか1つまたは2つ以上のアクティブ型RFIDが埋設または設置された位置と受信手段が設けられた位置との間に水が入り込むと、アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波がこの水の影響を受けてその強度が変化する。この強度が変化した電磁波を受信手段が受信すれば、河川が増水したことを知ることが可能になる。
この水の検知方法では、海岸の潮位が上昇した場合、この潮位の上昇により海岸の護岸、堤防、橋梁のいずれか1つまたは2つ以上のアクティブ型RFIDが埋設または設置された位置と受信手段が設けられた位置との間に水が入り込むと、アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波がこの水の影響を受けてその強度が変化する。この強度が変化した電磁波を受信手段が受信すれば、海岸の潮位が上昇したことを知ることが可能になる。
この水の検知方法では、線路が冠水した場合、この冠水により線路のアクティブ型RFIDが埋設または設置された位置と受信手段が設けられた位置との間に水が入り込むと、アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波がこの水の影響を受けてその強度が変化する。この強度が変化した電磁波を受信手段が受信すれば、線路が冠水したことを知ることが可能になる。
この水の検知方法では、地下構造物が冠水した場合、この冠水により、地下構造物のアクティブ型RFIDが埋設または設置された位置と受信手段が設けられた位置との間に水が入り込むと、アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波がこの水の影響を受けてその強度が変化する。この強度が変化した電磁波を受信手段が受信すれば、地下構造物が冠水したことを知ることが可能になる。
この構造物用部材にアクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置したことにより、アクティブ型RFIDが、機械的に稼動する部分がなくかつセンサー部分が外部に露出していないことから、道路、河川、鉄道の線路、地下構造物等の過酷な環境下においても、泥、埃等によって検知機能が低下したり、故障することが無く、また、荷重や衝撃が加わった場合においても、荷重や衝撃で壊れることも無い。
また、アクティブ型RFIDと受信手段との間で電磁波の送受信を行うことにより、冠水、増水または浸水が生じていない通常の状態においても、アクティブ型RFIDの動作状態及び故障の有無を常時モニタリングすることが可能である。
この水の検知装置では、少なくとも1個のアクティブ型RFIDに、他のアクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波を受信するとともに、受信した電磁波を転送する転送手段を備えたので、構造物に冠水、増水または浸水が生じた場合に、それを検知した他のアクティブ型RFIDが発信する電磁波を受信することで一旦中継し、この受信した電磁波を外部の警報手段や表示手段に転送することで、複数個のアクティブ型RFIDによるネットワークを構成することが可能になる。
この水の検知装置では、前記検知手段が、冠水、増水または浸水が生じたことを告知する警報手段及び表示手段のいずれか一方または双方を備えたことにより、構造物に冠水、増水または浸水が生じた場合、冠水、増水または浸水が生じたことを速やかに住民や管理者等に知らせることが可能になる。
また、アクティブ型RFIDは、機械的に稼動する部分がなくかつセンサー部分が外部に露出していないので、道路、河川、海岸、鉄道の線路、地下構造物等の過酷な環境下においても、泥、埃等によって検知機能が低下したり、故障することも無い。また、荷重や衝撃が加わった場合においても、荷重や衝撃で壊れることも無い。また、一旦、冠水や増水等が発生した場合においても、これらの冠水や増水により不具合が発生したり、故障したりする虞が無く、したがって、保守管理に手間を要することがなく、常に最良の動作状態で冠水や増水等を検知することができ、さらには、繰り返し使用することもできる。
さらに、複数個のアクティブ型RFIDのうち少なくとも1個のアクティブ型RFIDに、他のアクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波を受信するとともに、受信した電磁波を転送する転送手段を備えれば、複数個のアクティブ型RFIDによるネットワークを構成することができる。
また、アクティブ型RFIDが、機械的に稼動する部分がなくかつセンサー部分が外部に露出していないので、道路、海岸、河川、鉄道の線路、地下構造物等の過酷な環境下においても、泥、埃等によって検知機能が低下したり、故障することも無い。また、荷重や衝撃が加わった場合においても、荷重や衝撃で壊れることも無い。
また、アクティブ型RFIDと受信手段との間で電磁波の送受信を行うことにより、冠水、増水または浸水が生じていない通常の状態においても、アクティブ型RFIDの動作状態及び故障の有無を常時モニタリングすることができる。
なお、本形態は、発明の趣旨をより良く理解させるために具体的に説明するものであり、特に指定のない限り、本発明を限定するものではない。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、構造物の一種である道路の冠水を検知する装置の例である。
本実施形態では、コンクリート舗装道路を例に取り説明するが、本実施形態における道路の舗装形式はコンクリート舗装に限るものではなく、アスファルト舗装、ブロック張り、石張り等、他の舗装形式の道路についても、本実施形態のコンクリート舗装道路と同様に、適用可能である。また、未舗装道路についても適用可能である。
用いる電磁波については、情報通信分野で使用される電波の他、赤外線、可視光線、X線等があり、一般的には周波数が低いほど水を通過する際の透過性低下(減衰)が小さいとされるが、いづれにしても、何れの周波数帯も水を通過することで透過性低下(減衰)が生じる。
アクティブ型RFID11は、発信される電波が水の存在によって透過性が低下する(減衰する)現象を利用するために、アクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波は、水中である程度減衰することが好ましい。したがって、電波の透過性低下(減衰)の大きさを考慮すると、使用する周波数帯は、135kHz程度、13.56MHz程度、430MHz程度、900MHz程度、2.45GHz程度、5GHz程度のいずれかが好ましく、より好ましいのは2.45GHz程度、5GHz程度のいずれかである。
ただし、今後、法規制上、使用できる周波数帯が広がれば、適宜、その周波数を利用することが可能である。
コンクリート舗装道路1が冠水した場合、水がアクティブ型RFID11の上部を覆うこととなる。ここで、上部を覆うとは、空気層やコンクリート層を含む検知したい水位、水分量が溜まる場所、方向のことを指し、例えば、水平方向での検知も包含する。上部を覆うことにより、アクティブ型RFID11と受信機12との間に水が介在することとなる。
したがって、アクティブ型RFID11をコンクリート層3内に埋設する場合、埋め込んだ状態で、受信機12まで、通常時に交信できる電波強度を有するだけの透過性が維持できる深さにアクティブ型RFID11を埋め込めば良い。
例えば、コンクリート層3内に埋設されたアクティブ型RFID11から受信機12までの距離が10mであった場合に、コンクリート層3内のアクティブ型RFID11から受信機12まで十分に強い電波が到達するように発信強度を設定した場合、冠水が十分に起きた場合であっても、電波の減衰または遮断が十分に生じない場合には、センサーとしての確実性、信頼性に不具合が生じる。
したがって、コンクリート層3内に埋設されたアクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波の強度は、強ければよいというわけではなく、冠水と判断する水位に達した時に、相当量の減衰あるいは遮断が生じる発信強度に調整されている必要がある。
また、アクティブ型RFID11にアルミ箔等の導電性を有する金属箔等を貼付あるいは巻き付け、開口部の露出面積等を調整することにより、電波の強度を調整しても良い。
また、アクティブ型RFID11と受信機12との距離を適宜現場の状態に合わせて調整することによっても本発明の効果を発揮することが可能である。
この冠水の検知方法は、上記の冠水検知装置2を用いて、コンクリート舗装道路1の路面、すなわちコンクリート層3の冠水を検知する方法である。具体的には、コンクリート舗装道路1の路面に冠水が生じて、コンクリート層3内に埋設されたアクティブ型RFID11と受信機12との間に水が入り込んだ場合に、この受信機12がアクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波の強度が冠水により変化し、この強度が変化した電磁波を受信することにより、コンクリート舗装道路1の路面に冠水が生じたことを検知する方法である。
この場合、アクティブ型RFID11と受信機12との間の通信状態をモニタリングすることにより、アクティブ型RFID11が正常に動作しているか否かを確認することができる。
例えば、降雨の情報がないにもかかわらず、アクティブ型RFID11からの受信電波が正常でなくなった場合には、アクティブ型RFID11が故障(動作不良や電池の消耗等)であることが分かり、修理、交換等を行うことができる。
例えば、路面からの水面の高さが20cmになったら冠水として異常を検知するというように、検知したい水面の高さを設定し、それに合わせてアクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波の強度や周波数帯域を調整することにより、路面上の水面の高さが設定した高さ(例えば20cm)になると、アクティブ型RFID11から発信された電波が減衰し、受信機12に届かなくなるようにすることができる。
また、アクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波の強度や周波数帯域を調整することにより、水面が設定した高さ(例えば20cm)になると、アクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波が減衰し、受信機12が受信する電波が、ある閾値より低くなるようにすることもできる。
このように、電波の強度に閾値を設定しておくと、故障による発信または受信不良と区別することができ、安定した検知結果を得ることができる。
例えば、受信機12が受信する電波の強度がSの場合には、水面の高さが10cm、受信機12が受信する電波の強度がMの場合には、水面の高さが20cm、受信機12が受信する電波の強度がLの場合には、水面の高さが30cmというように設定しておけば、路面上の水面の高さを時系列に把握することができ、この水面の高さから、冠水対策を行うことができる。
また、コンクリート層3の上方の所定位置、例えば、道路標識、表示板、反射板等、道路上に設置され、必要な位置に取り付けることができる設置物に取り付けることもできる。
この場合、アクティブ型RFID11を路面から一定の高さに取り付けると、道路に溜まった水の水面が、アクティブ型RFID11の位置に来るまでは、受信機12で受信されるアクティブ型RFID11からの電波の強度に変化はなく、水面がアクティブ型RFID11の位置に達した段階から、受信電波に変化が生じる。
また、水面がアクティブ型RFID11を設置した高さを超えた場合の、水面の高さと、受信する電波との相関を取っておけば、その後の水面の高さの状況を把握することができる。
複数箇所に設置した場合は、複数個のアクティブ型RFID11各々の電波の状態から、より確実に、かつより正確に冠水状態(異常状態)を把握することができる。
これには、コンクリート舗装道路1の所定位置の近傍の複数箇所に設置した場合と、コンクリート舗装道路1の路面からの高さが異なる複数箇所に設置した場合とがあり、これらを併用することも可能である。
路面からの高さが異なる複数箇所に設置した場合には、より正確にかつ時系列的に冠水状態を感知することが可能になる。
また、何らかの理由によりアンダーパスの最下部の位置に設置できない場合には、最下部以外の位置にアクティブ型RFID11を設置しても、その位置での路面からの水の高さが分れば、最下部での水の高さが計算できるので、このようにしてもよい。
この場合、異なる高さに設置されたアクティブ型RFID11が下位のものから順に冠水を検知することができる。これにより、路面における冠水の状況を把握することができる。
(1)受信機12までの距離が比較的遠い場合や、受信機12への通信距離が長いか、あるいは通信に関わる環境が良好でない(電波が飛びにくい)環境に設置する場合、マルチホップ方式を用いることにより情報通信及び情報伝達を行うことができる。この場合、センサーノードとしてアクティブ型RFIDタグを使用することができる。
この場合、検知対象箇所にあるアクティブ型RFID11は、センサーとしての機能と、電波の送信機としての機能を併せ持つこととなり、それ以外のアクティブ型RFID11は、電波の中継器(送受信機)としての機能を持つこととなる。
これらのように、アクティブ型RFID11をセンサーノードとして利用することにより、アクティブ型RFID11から発信する電波の強度を調整することで、最大通信可能距離の範囲内であれば、任意にセンサーノードとしてのアクティブRFID11を設置することが可能となり、設置が容易となる。
通常時は、アクティブ型RFID11が受信機12あるいはセンサーノードとなる他のアクティブ型RFID11と一定間隔で送受信を行い、その情報を、必要により基地局を経由して、管理事務所に送信し、各設置場所でのアクティブ型RFID11の稼動状態を認識する方法が採られる。
例えば、ある1つのアクティブ型RFID11からの電波の強度に変化が生じた場合、外部の降雨が直接感知できる場所に設置された降雨センサーの情報と合わせてシステム上で判断し、降雨が無い状態であれば、アクティブ型RFID11の故障と判定し、システムから管理者に対して故障通知をする。
この場合、警報機14及び表示装置15を併用すれば、より迅速にコンクリート舗装道路1に冠水が生じたことを、住民及び管理者等に周知徹底させることができる。
また、このアクティブ型RFID11は、機械的に稼動する部分がなくかつセンサー部分が外部に露出していないので、コンクリート舗装道路1という過酷な環境下においても、泥、埃等によって検知機能が低下したり、故障することも無い。また、荷重や衝撃が加わった場合においても、荷重や衝撃で壊れることも無い。
また、警報機14及び表示装置15を併用することにより、より迅速にコンクリート舗装道路1に冠水が生じたことを、住民及び管理者等に周知徹底させることができる。
また、測定の際にイレギュラーデータが検知されたとしても、上記の様な測定を繰り返し行うことにより、イレギュラーデータによる悪影響が緩和され、検知の信頼性を向上させることができる。
図2は、本発明の第2の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、構造物の一種である河川の護岸における増水を検知する装置の例である。
この増水検知装置21が第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2と異なる点は、第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2がコンクリート舗装道路1の路面の冠水を検知する装置であるのに対し、この増水検知装置21が護岸23における河川22の増水、河川敷24における浸水(冠水)、堤防25における増水を検知する装置である点である。
このアクティブ型RFID11からは、常に電波が発信され、この電波は受信機12により受信される。
ここで、降雨等により河川22が増水した場合、アクティブ型RFID11が河川22の増水により冠水し、この冠水によりアクティブ型RFID11から発信される電波の強度に変化が生じる。この強度が変化した電磁波を受信機12が受信することにより、河川22が増水したことを検知することができる。
護岸23に、上下方向に所定の間隔をおいてアクティブ型RFID11を複数個設けておけば、河川22における増水の程度を逐次知ることができ、増水の危険度をより正確に把握することができる。
この場合、この潮位の上昇により海岸の護岸、堤防、橋梁のいずれか1つまたは2つ以上に設けられたアクティブ型RFID11と受信機12との間に水が入り込むと、アクティブ型RFID11から発信される電磁波がこの水の影響を受けてその強度が変化し、この強度が変化した電磁波を受信機12が受信することにより、海岸の潮位が上昇したことを知ることができる。
図3は、本発明の第3の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、構造物の一種である鉄道の線路の冠水を検知する装置の例である。
この冠水検知装置31が第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2と異なる点は、第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2がコンクリート舗装道路1の路面の冠水を検知する装置であるのに対し、この冠水検知装置31が線路32のレール33、路盤34、道床35、枕木36等の冠水を検知する装置である点である。
また、このアクティブ型RFID11は、機械的に稼動する部分がなくかつセンサー部分が外部に露出していないので、線路32という過酷な環境下においても、泥、埃等によって検知機能が低下したり、故障することも無い。また、荷重や衝撃が加わった場合においても、荷重や衝撃で壊れることも無い。
さらに、警報機14及び表示装置15を併用することにより、より迅速に線路32に冠水が生じたことを、住民及び管理者等に周知徹底させることができる。
図4は、本発明の第4の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、地下街や地下道等の地下構造物の冠水を検知する装置の例である。
この冠水検知装置41が第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2と異なる点は、第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2がコンクリート舗装道路1の路面の冠水を検知する装置であるのに対し、この冠水検知装置41が、地下構造物42が冠水した場合に、この地下構造物42の冠水を検知する装置である点である。
また、このアクティブ型RFID11は、機械的に稼動する部分がなくかつセンサー部分が外部に露出していないので、地下構造物42という環境下においても、泥、埃等によって検知機能が低下したり、故障することも無い。また、荷重や衝撃が加わった場合においても、荷重や衝撃で壊れることも無い。
さらに、警報機14及び表示装置15を併用することにより、より迅速に地下構造物42に冠水が生じたことを、利用者及び管理者等に周知徹底させることができる。
図5は、本発明の第5の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、構造物の一種である道路の冠水を検知する装置の例である。
本実施形態の冠水検知装置(構造物における水の検知装置)51が第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2と異なる点は、コンクリート舗装道路1のコンクリート層3内の横断方向の両側付近にアクティブ型RFID11をそれぞれ設けた点である。
しかも、コンクリート層3内の横断方向の両側付近にアクティブ型RFID11をそれぞれ設けたので、コンクリート舗装道路1の冠水を複数箇所で検知することができ、検知の信頼性を向上させることができる。
したがって、例えば、400MHzや900MHz等の1GHz以下の周波数の電波を用いた場合においても、実質的に冠水部分の距離を長くとることとなり、1GHz以上の周波数の電波を用いた場合と同様に、コンクリート舗装道路1の冠水を非常に高感度に検知することができる。
さらに、受信機12までの距離が非常に長い場合であっても、受信機12の設置台数を増やすことなく、効率的に冠水の状態を検知することができる。
図6は、本発明の第6の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、構造物の一種である道路の冠水を検知する装置の例である。
本実施形態の冠水検知装置(構造物における水の検知装置)61が第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2と異なる点は、コンクリート舗装道路1のコンクリート層3内の横断方向の一方の端部付近にアクティブ型RFID11を、他方の端部付近にアクティブ型RFID11から発信される電磁波を受信する受信機12を、それぞれ設け、受信機12が受信するアクティブ型RFID11からの電磁波の強度変化を、インターネットや無線通信システム等の通信手段62を併用してコンクリート舗装道路1に冠水が生じたことを住民や管理者を含む地域全体に告知する点である。
しかも、インターネットや無線通信システム等の通信手段62を併用したので、コンクリート舗装道路1に冠水が生じたことを、住民や管理者を含む地域全体に速やかに告知することができる。
図7は、本発明の第7の実施形態の構造物における水の検知装置を示す断面図であり、構造物の一種である道路の冠水を検知する装置の例である。
本実施形態の冠水検知装置(構造物における水の検知装置)71が第1の実施形態の冠水検知装置2と異なる点は、コンクリート舗装道路1のコンクリート層3に、その横断方向に溝72を形成し、この溝72の長手方向の両端部それぞれにアクティブ型RFID11を設け、さらに、この溝72を鉄等の導電体からなる蓋73で覆った点である。
また、この溝72を、鉄等の導電体からなる蓋73で覆ったので、アクティブ型RFID11から発信した電波を溝72内に閉じこめて遮断することができ、しかも、上方に電波が漏洩する虞もなく、コンクリート舗装道路1の冠水をさらに確実に検知することができる。
2 冠水検知装置
3 コンクリート層
11 アクティブ型RFID
12 受信機
13 検知機
14 警報機
15 表示装置
21 増水検知装置
22 河川
23 護岸
24 河川敷
25 堤防
31 冠水検知装置
32 線路
33 レール
34 路盤
35 道床
36 枕木
41 冠水検知装置
42 地下構造物
43 柱
44 床
45 壁
51 冠水検知装置
61 冠水検知装置
62 通信手段
71 冠水検知装置
72 溝
73 蓋
Claims (16)
- 構造物における冠水、増水または浸水を検知する方法であって、
前記構造物の冠水、増水または浸水を検知する位置に1個または複数個のアクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置するとともに、前記構造物またはその近傍に1個または複数個の前記アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波を受信する受信手段を設け、
前記構造物に冠水、増水または浸水が生じ、前記構造物の1個または複数個の前記アクティブ型RFIDが埋設または設置された位置と前記受信手段が設けられた位置との間に水が入り込んだ場合に、前記受信手段が前記アクティブ型RFIDから発信される前記水により強度が変化した電磁波を受信することにより、前記構造物の冠水、増水または浸水を検知することを特徴とする構造物における水の検知方法。 - 前記複数個のアクティブ型RFIDのうち少なくとも1個のアクティブ型RFIDは、他のアクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波を受信するとともに、受信した電磁波を転送する転送手段を備えてなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の構造物における水の検知方法。
- 前記構造物は道路であり、この道路が冠水した場合に、この道路の冠水を検知することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の構造物における水の検知方法。
- 前記構造物は、河川の護岸、堤防、河川敷、橋梁のいずれか1つまたは2つ以上であり、前記河川が増水した場合に、前記河川の増水、前記構造物の浸水、前記構造物の冠水のいずれか1つ以上を検知することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の構造物における水の検知方法。
- 前記構造物は、海岸の護岸、堤防、橋梁のいずれか1つまたは2つ以上であり、前記海岸の潮位が上昇した場合に、前記潮位の上昇、前記構造物の浸水、前記構造物の冠水のいずれか1つ以上を検知することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の構造物における水の検知方法。
- 前記構造物は鉄道の線路であり、この線路が冠水した場合に、この線路の冠水を検知することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の構造物における水の検知方法。
- 前記構造物は地下構造物であり、この地下構造物が冠水した場合に、この地下構造物の冠水を検知することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の構造物における水の検知方法。
- 請求項1または2記載の構造物における水の検知方法が適用される構造物用の部材であって、
前記アクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置してなることを特徴とする構造物用部材。 - 請求項3記載の構造物における水の検知方法が適用される構造物用の部材であって、
前記アクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置してなることを特徴とする構造物用部材。 - 請求項4記載の構造物における水の検知方法が適用される構造物用の部材であって、
前記アクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置してなることを特徴とする構造物用部材。 - 請求項5記載の構造物における水の検知方法が適用される構造物用の部材であって、
前記アクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置してなることを特徴とする構造物用部材。 - 請求項6記載の構造物における水の検知方法が適用される構造物用の部材であって、
前記アクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置してなることを特徴とする構造物用部材。 - 請求項7記載の構造物における水の検知方法が適用される構造物用の部材であって、
前記アクティブ型RFIDを埋設または設置してなることを特徴とする構造物用部材。 - 構造物における冠水、増水または浸水を検知する装置であって、
前記構造物の冠水、増水または浸水を検知する位置に埋設または設置された1個または複数個のアクティブ型RFIDと、
前記構造物またはその近傍に設けられ1個または複数個の前記アクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波を受信する受信手段と、
前記受信手段から送信される1個または複数個の前記アクティブ型RFIDからの電磁波の強度変化から、前記構造物に冠水、増水または浸水が生じたことを検知する検知手段と、を備えてなることを特徴とする構造物における水の検知装置。 - 前記複数個のアクティブ型RFIDのうち少なくとも1個のアクティブ型RFIDは、他のアクティブ型RFIDから発信される電磁波を受信するとともに、受信した電磁波を転送する転送手段を備えてなることを特徴とする請求項14記載の構造物における水の検知装置。
- 前記検知手段に、前記冠水、増水または浸水が生じたことを告知する警報手段及び表示手段のいずれか一方または双方を備えていることを特徴とする請求項14または15記載の構造物における水の検知装置。
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