WO2010122811A1 - 固溶体型合金微粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
固溶体型合金微粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010122811A1 WO2010122811A1 PCT/JP2010/002962 JP2010002962W WO2010122811A1 WO 2010122811 A1 WO2010122811 A1 WO 2010122811A1 JP 2010002962 W JP2010002962 W JP 2010002962W WO 2010122811 A1 WO2010122811 A1 WO 2010122811A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to solid solution type alloy fine particles and a method for producing the same.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for producing alloy particles containing silver and rhodium is disclosed.
- FIG. 19 shows a phase diagram of gold and rhodium. As is apparent from the phase diagram of FIG. 19, it is difficult to produce a solid solution type alloy composed of gold and rhodium.
- an object of the present invention is to provide alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements are mixed at an atomic level, and a method for producing the same.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention are solid solution type alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements are mixed at an atomic level.
- “mixed at the atomic level” means that each element is randomly present in element mapping by STEM having a spatial resolution of 0.105 nm in one aspect, and in other aspects, in XRD. A single peak pattern is to be confirmed.
- the production method of the present invention is a method for producing alloy fine particles composed of a plurality of metal elements.
- the manufacturing method includes (i) a step of preparing a solution containing ions of the plurality of metal elements and a liquid containing a reducing agent, and (ii) a step of mixing the solution and the heated liquid. Including.
- solid solution type alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements are mixed at an atomic level can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of one step of the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows another example of one step of the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a transmission electron microscope image of the alloy fine particles produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 shows another example of a transmission electron microscope image of the alloy fine particles produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 shows an EDX spectrum of the alloy fine particles produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows the XRD pattern of the alloy fine particles produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 shows transmission electron microscope images of the alloy fine particles produced in Examples 2 to 4.
- FIG. 8 shows XRD patterns of the alloy fine particles produced in Examples 2 to 4.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the silver content and the lattice constant for the alloy fine particles produced in Examples 2 to 4.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the silver content and the lattice constant for the alloy fine particles produced in Examples 2 to 4.
- FIG. 10 shows the absorption spectra of the alloy fine particles produced in Examples 2 to 4.
- FIG. 11 shows an XRD pattern of the fine particles produced in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 12 shows an XRD pattern of the fine particles produced in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 13 shows the XRD pattern of the fine particles produced in Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 14 shows the XRD pattern of the alloy fine particles produced in Example 5.
- FIG. 15 shows the EDX spectrum and electron micrograph of the alloy fine particles produced in Example 5.
- 16A and 16B show the observation results of the fine alloy particles produced in Example 1 using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
- FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B show the observation results of the fine alloy particles produced in Example 5 using a scanning transmission electron microscope. It is a phase diagram of silver and rhodium. It is a phase diagram of gold and rhodium.
- the method of the present invention is a method for producing fine alloy particles comprising a plurality of metal elements. According to this manufacturing method, solid solution type alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements are mixed at an atomic level can be obtained. The alloy fine particles obtained by this production method constitute one side of the alloy fine particles of the present invention.
- the method of the present invention includes the following steps (i) and (ii).
- the plurality of metal elements constituting the alloy fine particles may be referred to as “a plurality of metal elements (E)”.
- step (i) a solution containing a plurality of metal element (E) ions and a liquid containing a reducing agent are prepared.
- the solution containing a plurality of metal elements (E) may be referred to as “metal ion solution” or “solution 11”.
- the liquid containing the reducing agent may be referred to as “liquid 12”.
- the plurality of metal elements (E) may be two kinds of metal elements. In that case, binary alloy fine particles are obtained. When the plurality of metal elements (E) contain rhodium, rhodium alloy fine particles are obtained.
- An example of the plurality of metal elements (E) is silver (Ag) and rhodium (Rh).
- Other examples of the plurality of metal elements (E) are gold (Au) and rhodium (Rh).
- the metal ion solution can be prepared by dissolving at least one compound containing a plurality of metal elements (E) in a solvent.
- One compound may contain all the elements included in the plurality of metal elements (E). Further, one compound may contain only one element included in the plurality of metal elements (E).
- the metal ion solution can be prepared by dissolving the silver compound and the rhodium compound in a solvent.
- the silver compound include silver acetate (I) (AgCH 3 COO) and silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ).
- rhodium compounds include rhodium (III) acetate (Rh (CH 3 COO) 3 ) and rhodium (II) acetate (Rh (CH 3 COO) 2 ).
- the solvent a solvent capable of dissolving silver ions and rhodium ions is used.
- An example of the solvent is water.
- the metal ion solution can be prepared by dissolving the gold compound and the rhodium compound in a solvent.
- the gold compound include chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ).
- rhodium compounds include the rhodium compounds described above and rhodium (III) chloride (RhCl 3 ).
- An example of the solvent is water.
- the concentration of ions of a plurality of metal elements (for example, silver ions or gold ions) in the metal ion solution is in the range of 0.1 mmol / L to 1 mol / L (for example, in the range of 0.1 mmol / L to 5 mmol / L). There may be.
- the concentration of rhodium ions in the metal ion solution is in the range of 0.1 mmol / L to 1 mol / L (for example, in the range of 0.1 mmol / L to 5 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L to 1 mmol / L). Range).
- C Rh / [C Rh + C Ag ] is 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.7 or more, 0. 8 or more, or 0.9 or more, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, It may be 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less.
- alloy fine particles having a rhodium content of approximately 100 X atomic% can be produced.
- a metal ion solution having a value of C Rh / [C Rh + C Ag ] of 0.5 or more alloy fine particles having a rhodium content of 50 atomic% or more can be produced.
- the plurality of metal elements (E) are two kinds of elements, the relationship between the ion concentration of each element in the metal ion solution and the composition of the alloy is as follows: Same as relationship.
- step (ii) a metal ion solution (solution 11) and a heated liquid (liquid 12) containing a reducing agent are mixed.
- step (ii) not only the liquid 12 but also the solution 11 may be heated.
- step (ii) the solution 11 and the liquid 12 may be mixed by dropping the solution 11 onto the heated liquid 12.
- step (ii) the solution 11 and the liquid 12 may be mixed by spraying the solution 11 onto the heated liquid 12.
- step (ii) both may be mixed by dropping the solution 11 into the heated liquid 12.
- process (ii) as shown in FIG. 2
- FIG. When the concentration of metal ions in the metal ion solution is high, it may be preferable to mix the liquid 12 and the solution 11 by spraying the solution 11.
- the solution 11 may be mixed with the liquid 12 heated to a temperature at which each of the plurality of metal element (E) ions is reduced alone. Furthermore, in the step (ii), the solution 11 may be mixed with the liquid 12 heated to a temperature higher by 20 ° C. than the temperature at which each of the plurality of metal element (E) ions is reduced alone.
- the reducing agent may be ethylene glycol.
- the spraying of the solution 11 and / or the liquid 12 can be performed using, for example, a spray or an inkjet head.
- the particle diameter of the alloy fine particles to be formed can be controlled by changing the particle diameter of the sprayed mist droplets.
- the reducing agent contained in the liquid 12 may be alcohol.
- the solvent of the liquid 12 may be only an alcohol (for example, ethylene glycol) that functions as a reducing agent.
- the liquid 12 may include an alcohol that does not function as a reducing agent.
- the temperature at which the liquid 12 is heated in the step (ii) varies depending on the type of alcohol contained in the liquid 12 as a reducing agent. For example, when ethylene glycol is used, it is considered that silver ions are reduced at 100 ° C. or lower, and rhodium ions are reduced at around 140 ° C. Therefore, when the plurality of metal elements (E) are silver and rhodium and ethylene glycol is used as the reducing agent, the liquid 12 needs to be heated to a temperature higher than 140 ° C.
- the type of alcohol contained in the liquid 12 as the reducing agent is not limited.
- the alcohol used as the reducing agent may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol such as a dihydric alcohol.
- a preferred example of the alcohol used as the reducing agent is at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.
- at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol may be referred to as “ethylene glycols”. Since the boiling point of ethylene glycols is 190 ° C. or higher, alloy fine particles can be produced at a high temperature by using these alcohols as a solvent.
- alcohol that functions as a reducing agent
- a substance that has the ability to reduce metal ions (silver ions, rhodium ions, gold ions, etc.) and can be used as a solvent is used. May be.
- At least one selected from the solution 11 and the liquid 12 may include a protective agent that prevents aggregation of the alloy fine particles.
- a protective agent that prevents aggregation of the alloy fine particles.
- alloy fine particles having a small particle size can be easily obtained.
- both or one of the solution 11 and the liquid 12 may include a protective agent.
- the protective agent include a polymer and a surfactant, and examples thereof include poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “polyvinylpyrrolidone” or “PVP”).
- the concentration of the protective agent in the solution is selected according to the type of the protective agent.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone is added so that the concentration of the structural unit (monomer unit) is in the range of 0.1 mmol / L to 2 mol / L (for example, in the range of 1 mmol / L to 10 mmol / L). May be.
- the alloy fine particles are aggregated to easily obtain particles having a large particle size.
- the liquid 12 is a solution obtained by dissolving a protective agent in an alcohol (for example, ethylene glycols) (alcohol solution of the protective agent).
- a protective agent for example, ethylene glycols
- alcohol solution of the protective agent for example, an ethylene glycol solution in which polyvinyl pyrrolidone is dissolved can be used as the liquid 12.
- reducing agent solution for example, an ethylene glycol solution in which polyvinyl pyrrolidone is dissolved.
- the reducing agent is ethylene glycol
- the plurality of metal elements (E) are silver and rhodium
- the solution 11 and the liquid 12 heated to 145 ° C. or higher are mixed.
- the reducing agent is ethylene glycol
- the plurality of metal elements (E) are gold and rhodium
- the solution 11 and the liquid 12 heated to 145 ° C. or higher are used.
- the liquid 12 may be an ethylene glycol solution in which polyvinylpyrrolidone is dissolved.
- the solution 11 may be an aqueous solution containing silver ions and rhodium ions, or an aqueous solution containing gold ions and rhodium ions.
- the liquid 12 may be essentially or substantially free of a reducing agent other than alcohol (for example, sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) or hydrazine).
- a reducing agent other than alcohol for example, sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) or hydrazine.
- sodium borohydride may be used as the reducing agent as long as the effects of the present invention are obtained.
- the liquid 12 When the alcohol contained in the liquid 12 is ethylene glycol, the liquid 12 may be heated to a temperature of 145 ° C. or higher in the step (ii), or may be heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher or 160 ° C. or higher.
- the heating temperature of the liquid 12 in the step (ii) may be a lower temperature.
- the heating temperature of the liquid 12 in the step (ii) may be 200 ° C. or lower, for example, 150 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the liquid 12 is not excessively lowered.
- the solution 11 and the liquid 12 are mixed so that the temperature of the liquid 12 is maintained at 145 ° C. or higher, 150 ° C. or higher, or 160 ° C. or higher.
- An example of a method for preventing the temperature of the liquid 12 from excessively decreasing is to add the solution 11 little by little. Examples of the method for adding the solution 11 little by little include a method of dropping the solution 11 and a method of spraying the solution 11. Further, the solution 11 may be added after heating to some extent.
- the mass of the solution 11 added to the liquid 12 per second may be 1/300 or less (for example, 1/3000 or less) of the mass of the liquid 12.
- solid solution type alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements (E) are mixed at the atomic level can be obtained.
- solid solution type silver-rhodium alloy fine particles in which silver and rhodium are mixed at an atomic level can be obtained.
- silver and rhodium are not dissolved at the atomic level.
- fine particles having a particle size of several tens of nanometers or less exhibit structures and properties different from those of the bulk, so that it is considered that silver and rhodium can be dissolved at the atomic level.
- solid solution type gold-rhodium alloy fine particles in which gold and rhodium are mixed at an atomic level can be obtained.
- the plurality of metal elements (E) are a plurality of metal elements that are not solid-solved even in the liquid phase in the phase diagram, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the plurality of metal elements (E) are at the atomic level. It is possible to obtain solid alloy fine particles.
- the metal ion solution may be a solution containing ions of a plurality of metal elements at a concentration ratio corresponding to a composition ratio that does not form a solid solution in the bulk.
- a plurality of metal elements having a composition ratio that does not form a solid solution in the liquid phase in the bulk are solidified at the atomic level. Melting alloy fine particles are obtained.
- the production method of the present invention can be used for production of various alloy fine particles.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention are alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements (E) are dissolved. More specifically, the alloy fine particles of the present invention are solid solution type alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements (E) are mixed at an atomic level. It can be confirmed by the measurement etc. which were used in the Example mentioned later that it is a solid solution type alloy fine particle in which the several metal element (E) is mixed at the atomic level.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention include rhodium alloy fine particles containing rhodium.
- examples of the alloy fine particles of the present invention include silver-rhodium alloy fine particles and gold-rhodium alloy fine particles.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention can be produced by the production method of the present invention. Since the matter explained about the manufacturing method of the present invention can be applied to the alloy fine particles of the present invention, a duplicate description may be omitted. The matters described for the alloy fine particles of the present invention can be applied to the production method of the present invention.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention are not phase-separated by elemental mapping using a scanning transmission electron microscope having a resolution of 0.105 nm.
- alloy fine particles for example, binary alloy fine particles
- all of the plurality of metal elements (E) are contained in the cube. It may be included.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention are not phase-separated by an X-ray diffraction method.
- the rhodium content is 10 atomic% or more, 20 atomic% or more, 30 atomic% or more, 40 atomic% or more, 50 atoms. % Or more, 60 atom% or more, 70 atom% or more, 80 atom% or more, or 90 atom% or more, 90 atom% or less, 80 atom% or less, 70 atom% or less, 60 atom% or less, 50 Atomic% or less, 40 atomic% or less, 30 atomic% or less, 20 atomic% or less, or 10 atomic% or less may be used.
- the particle size of the alloy fine particles of the present invention is not limited.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention may have an average particle size of 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, or 10 nm or less, and may have an average particle size of 3 nm or more. .
- the average particle size can be calculated by the method described in the examples.
- the alloy fine particles of the present invention may be a plurality of metal elements in which a plurality of metal elements (E) are not solid-solved even in the liquid phase.
- alloy fine particles of the present invention may contain a trace amount of impurities as long as the characteristics thereof are not essentially changed.
- EDX measurement was performed using an electron microscope (JEM 2010 EFE) manufactured by JEOL Ltd. and a scanning transmission electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation. (HD-2700) was used.
- JEM 2010 EFE electron microscope
- HD-2700 scanning transmission electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
- D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer
- a scanning transmission electron microscope (HD-2700) manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation having a resolution of 0.105 nm was used.
- Elemental mapping was performed using EDX.
- element mapping data was obtained by a scanning transmission electron microscope (HD-2700).
- Element mapping in the following examples is performed by scanning an electron beam in two dimensions using a STEM to scan an image, and comparing the elements detected by the EDX mounted on the STEM with the operation of the STEM. Dimensional notation.
- Example 1 In Example 1, silver-rhodium alloy fine particles were produced by dropping the solution 11.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.1 mmol) in ethylene glycol (100 ml). Moreover, a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving silver acetate (0.005 mmol) and rhodium (III) acetate (0.005 mmol) in 20 ml of pure water.
- the reducing agent solution was heated, and when the temperature of the reducing agent solution reached 160 ° C., the metal ion solution was dropped into the reducing agent solution with a syringe. At this time, the reducing agent solution was dropped so that the temperature of the reducing agent solution was maintained at 160 ° C. or higher.
- the reaction product fine particles was separated by centrifuging the reducing agent solution to which the metal ion solution was dropped.
- FIG. 3 shows a transmission electron microscope image and particle size distribution of the fine particles of Example 1.
- fine particles having a uniform particle diameter were obtained.
- the average particle size of the fine particles of Example 1 was 12.5 nm ⁇ 2.6 nm.
- the average particle size was calculated by measuring the particle size of particles (at least 300) in a transmission electron micrograph (TEM photo) and calculating the average.
- TEM photo transmission electron micrograph
- One transmission electron micrograph of the fine particles of Example 1 is shown in FIG. Since uniform lattice fringes are observed throughout the particles in FIG. 4, the fine particles in FIG. 4 are considered to be single crystals.
- FIG. 5 shows a spectrum obtained by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for the fine particles shown in FIG.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- FIG. 6 shows an XRD pattern (X-ray diffraction pattern) of the fine particles of Example 1.
- the fitting curve shown in FIG. 6 is a curve when it is assumed that the alloy fine particles of Example 1 have an fcc structure. This fitting curve is in good agreement with the measured value, indicating that the alloy fine particles of Example 1 have an fcc structure.
- each peak of the fine particles of Example 1 is located between the bulk silver peak and the bulk rhodium peak. This result also shows that the fine particles of Example 1 are alloy fine particles in which silver and rhodium are in solid solution at the atomic level.
- Example 2 alloy fine particles having an atomic ratio of silver to rhodium of about 50:50 were produced by spraying the solution 11.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (1.0 mmol) in ethylene glycol (200 ml). Further, a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving silver acetate (0.05 mmol) and rhodium (III) acetate (0.05 mmol) in 20 ml of pure water.
- the reducing agent solution was heated, and when the temperature of the reducing agent solution reached 160 ° C., the metal ion solution was sprayed onto the reducing agent solution by spraying. At this time, the reducing agent solution was sprayed so that the temperature of the reducing agent solution was maintained at 160 ° C. or higher.
- the reaction product fine particles was separated by centrifuging the reducing agent solution to which the metal ion solution was added.
- Example 3 In Example 3, by spraying the solution 11, alloy fine particles having an atomic ratio of silver to rhodium of about 75:25 were produced.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (1.0 mmol) in ethylene glycol (200 ml). Further, a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving silver acetate (0.075 mmol) and rhodium (III) acetate (0.025 mmol) in 20 ml of pure water.
- the reducing agent solution was heated, and when the temperature of the reducing agent solution reached 160 ° C., the metal ion solution was sprayed onto the reducing agent solution by spraying. At this time, the reducing agent solution was sprayed so that the temperature of the reducing agent solution was maintained at 160 ° C. or higher.
- the reaction product fine particles was separated by centrifuging the reducing agent solution to which the metal ion solution was added.
- Example 4 In Example 4, alloy fine particles having an atomic ratio of silver and rhodium of about 25:75 were produced by spraying the solution 11.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (1.0 mmol) in ethylene glycol (200 ml). Further, a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving silver acetate (0.025 mmol) and rhodium acetate (III) (0.075 mmol) in 20 ml of pure water.
- the reducing agent solution was heated, and when the temperature of the reducing agent solution reached 160 ° C., the metal ion solution was sprayed onto the reducing agent solution by spraying. At this time, the reducing agent solution was sprayed so that the temperature of the reducing agent solution was maintained at 160 ° C. or higher.
- the reaction product fine particles was separated by centrifuging the reducing agent solution to which the metal ion solution was added.
- FIG. 7 shows transmission electron microscope images of the fine particles of Examples 2 to 4. As shown in FIG. 7, under the same conditions, the particle size increased as the proportion of silver increased.
- the XRD patterns of the fine particles of Examples 2 to 4 are shown in FIG. FIG. 8 also shows the results for silver fine particles and rhodium fine particles.
- the results in FIG. 8 indicate that the fine particles of Examples 2 to 4 are solid solution type alloys and that all of the fine particles of Examples 2 to 4 have an fcc structure.
- the lattice constant estimated from the result of the X-ray diffraction measurement is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the lattice constant increased continuously as the silver content increased.
- FIG. 10 also shows absorption spectra of silver fine particles and rhodium fine particles.
- the absorption spectrum of the silver fine particles has an absorption peak based on surface plasma absorption in the vicinity of 400 nm.
- the absorption peak shifts to the short wavelength side and becomes broader as the rhodium content increases. This result also suggests that silver-rhodium alloy fine particles that are solid solution at the atomic level were obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 Fine particles were prepared by adding the solution 11 to the liquid 12 in advance and then raising the temperature of the liquid mixture near room temperature (about 20 ° C.) to 140 ° C.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (10 mmol) in ethylene glycol (100 ml). Further, a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving silver acetate (0.5 mmol) and rhodium (III) acetate (0.5 mmol) in 10 ml of pure water.
- the XRD pattern of the fine particles of Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. FIG. 11 also shows curves fitted with fitting components 1 and 2.
- the fitting component 1 is a component having a lattice constant of 4.08 ⁇ and a particle size of 9.7 nm.
- the fitting component 2 is a component having a lattice constant of 3.73 angstroms and a particle size of 1.1 nm.
- the lattice constant of fitting component 1 is close to the lattice constant of bulk silver (4.086 angstroms), and the lattice constant of fitting component 2 is close to the lattice constant of bulk rhodium (3.803 angstroms).
- the fine particles of Comparative Example 1 are considered to be either core-shell type fine particles having silver as a core or fine particles in which silver and rhodium are phase-separated.
- the reducing agent solution was heated, and when the temperature of the reducing agent solution reached 140 ° C., the metal ion solution was dropped into the reducing agent solution with a syringe. At this time, the reducing agent solution was added dropwise so that the temperature of the reducing agent solution was maintained at 140 ° C. Next, the reaction product (fine particles) was separated by centrifuging the reducing agent solution to which the metal ion solution was dropped.
- the XRD pattern of the fine particles of Comparative Example 2 is shown in FIG. FIG. 12 also shows curves fitted with fitting components 1 and 2.
- the fitting component 1 is a component having a lattice constant of 4.04 ⁇ and a particle size of 5.3 nm.
- the fitting component 2 is a component having a lattice constant of 3.89 ⁇ and a particle size of 3.5 nm.
- the peak is not of a single fcc structure but consists of two components.
- the lattice constant of fitting component 1 is close to the lattice constant of silver, and the lattice constant of fitting component 2 is close to the lattice constant of bulk rhodium. Therefore, in the fine particles of Comparative Example 2, it is considered that silver and rhodium are phase-separated.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.1 mmol) in ethylene glycol (100 ml).
- a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving silver acetate (0.005 mmol) and rhodium (III) acetate (0.005 mmol) in 20 ml of pure water.
- the fitting component 1 in FIG. 13 is a component having a lattice constant of 4.070 ⁇ and a particle size of 5.4 nm.
- the fitting component 2 is a component having a lattice constant of 3.842 ⁇ and a particle size of 1.6 nm. From the X-ray diffraction pattern of FIG. 13, it is considered that the fine particles of Comparative Example 3 are phase-separated from silver and rhodium.
- Example 5 gold-rhodium alloy fine particles were prepared by dropping the solution 11.
- a reducing agent solution (liquid 12) was obtained by dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (1.0 mmol) in ethylene glycol (200 ml). Further, a metal ion solution (solution 11) was obtained by dissolving chloroauric acid (0.05 mmol) and rhodium (III) chloride (0.05 mmol) in 20 ml of pure water.
- the reducing agent solution was heated, and when the temperature of the reducing agent solution reached 160 ° C., the metal ion solution was sprayed onto the reducing agent solution by spraying. At this time, the reducing agent solution was sprayed so that the temperature of the reducing agent solution was maintained at 160 ° C. or higher.
- the reaction product fine particles of Example 5 was separated by centrifuging the reducing agent solution sprayed with the metal ion solution.
- FIG. 14 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the fine particles of Example 5. Further, the EDX spectrum of the fine particles of Example 5 is shown in FIG. FIG. 15 also shows an electron micrograph of the measured fine particles.
- the value of the lattice constant is between the lattice constant of the gold nanoparticle and the lattice constant of the rhodium nanoparticle. It can be seen that it is dissolved at the atomic level. It was also confirmed from the EDX spectrum that both gold and rhodium elements were present in one particle.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B show data obtained for the microparticles of Example 1
- FIGS. 16A and 16B show dark field STEM images
- FIG. 16A b) to d) show element mapping data
- FIG. 16B shows the results of line analysis.
- the scale bar in each image in FIG. 16A indicates 10 nm.
- FIG. 16B shows that each element does not exist locally in one particle, but both elements are uniformly distributed throughout the particle. That is, the data in FIGS. 16A and 16B indicate that silver and rhodium are in solid solution at the atomic level in the fine particles of Example 1.
- Example 5 The fine particles of Example 5 were observed using STEM.
- the obtained data are shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- 17A shows dark field STEM images
- FIG. 17A b) to d) show element mapping data
- FIG. 17B shows the results of line analysis.
- the scale bar in each image of FIG. 17A shows 10 nm. From FIG. 17A, it can be seen that a solid solution is similarly formed in any particle.
- FIG. 17B shows that each element does not exist locally in one particle, but both elements are uniformly distributed throughout the particle. That is, the data of FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B show that gold and rhodium are in solid solution at the atomic level in the fine particles of Example 5.
- Gold-rhodium alloy fine particles were obtained.
- the inventors have shown for the first time in the data that these elements are mixed at the atomic level.
- solid solution type alloy fine particles in which a plurality of metal elements are mixed at the atomic level can be obtained.
- the alloy fine particles can be used in various fields (for example, catalysts).
- the silver-rhodium alloy fine particles can be used as an organic synthesis catalyst, a fuel cell electrode catalyst, or a NO x reduction catalyst.
- the silver-rhodium alloy fine particles are considered to exhibit hydrogen storage characteristics, it is considered that they can be applied to various devices using the hydrogen storage characteristics.
- Silver-rhodium alloy fine particles that are in solid solution at the atomic level are expected to exhibit characteristics similar to palladium.
- an alloy having various characteristics can be obtained by producing an alloy by combining various elements.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の方法は、複数の金属元素からなる合金微粒子を製造する方法である。この製造方法によれば、複数の金属元素が原子レベルで混合されている、固溶体型の合金微粒子が得られる。この製造方法で得られる合金微粒子は、本発明の合金微粒子の1つの側面を構成する。
本発明の合金微粒子は、複数の金属元素(E)が固溶している合金微粒子である。より具体的には、本発明の合金微粒子は、複数の金属元素(E)が原子レベルで混合されている固溶体型の合金微粒子である。複数の金属元素(E)が原子レベルで混合されている固溶体型の合金微粒子であることは、後述する実施例で用いた測定などによって確認できる。本発明の合金微粒子の例には、ロジウムを含有するロジウム合金微粒子が含まれる。たとえば、本発明の合金微粒子の例には、銀-ロジウム合金微粒子や、金-ロジウム合金微粒子が含まれる。
実施例1では、溶液11を滴下することによって銀-ロジウム合金微粒子を作製した。
実施例2では、溶液11を噴霧することによって銀とロジウムとの原子比が約50:50である合金微粒子を作製した。
実施例3では、溶液11を噴霧することによって銀とロジウムとの原子比が約75:25である合金微粒子を作製した。
実施例4では、溶液11を噴霧することによって銀とロジウムとの原子比が約25:75である合金微粒子を作製した。
比較例1では、予め溶液11を液体12に加えた後、室温(約20℃)近傍にある混合液の温度を140℃に上げることによって微粒子を作製した。
まず、エチレングリコール(100ml)に、ポリビニルピロリドン(0.15mmol)を溶解させることによって還元剤溶液(液体12)を得た。また、酢酸銀(0.03mmol)と酢酸ロジウム(III)(0.03mmol)とを純水20mlに溶解させることによって金属イオン溶液(溶液11)を得た。
まず、エチレングリコール(100ml)に、ポリビニルピロリドン(0.1mmol)を溶解させることによって還元剤溶液(液体12)を得た。また、酢酸銀(0.005mmol)と酢酸ロジウム(III)(0.005mmol)とを純水20mlに溶解させることによって金属イオン溶液(溶液11)を得た。
実施例5では、溶液11を滴下することによって金-ロジウム合金微粒子を作製した。
実施例1の銀-ロジウム合金微粒子について、走査型透過電子顕微鏡(STEM)を用いて観察した。実施例1の微粒子について得られたデータを図16Aおよび図16Bに示す。図16Aのa)は暗視野のSTEM像を示し、図16Aのb)~d)は元素マッピングのデータを示し、図16Bは線分析の結果を示す。なお、図16Aの各画像中のスケールバーは、10nmを示す。図16Aから、どの粒子においても同様に固溶体が形成されていることがわかる。また、図16Bから、一つの粒子内において局所的に各元素が存在するのではなく、粒子全体を通して両元素が均一に分布していることがわかる。すなわち、図16Aおよび図16Bのデータは、実施例1の微粒子中において、銀とロジウムとが原子レベルで固溶していることを示している。
Claims (17)
- 複数の金属元素が原子レベルで混合されている、固溶体型の合金微粒子。
- 前記複数の金属元素が2種類の金属元素である、請求項1に記載の合金微粒子。
- 分解能が0.105nmである走査型透過電子顕微鏡を用いた元素マッピングによって、相分離していないことが確認できる、請求項2に記載の合金微粒子。
- X線回折法によって、相分離していないことが確認できる、請求項2に記載の合金微粒子。
- 前記複数の金属元素が銀とロジウムである、請求項3に記載の合金微粒子。
- 前記複数の金属元素が金とロジウムである、請求項3に記載の合金微粒子。
- 平均粒径が20nm以下である、請求項1に記載の合金微粒子。
- 前記複数の金属元素が、液相においても固溶しない複数の金属元素である、請求項1に記載の合金微粒子。
- 複数の金属元素からなる合金微粒子の製造方法であって、
(i)前記複数の金属元素のイオンを含む溶液と還元剤を含む液体とを調製する工程と、
(ii)前記溶液と、加熱された前記液体とを混合する工程とを含む、製造方法。 - 前記還元剤がエチレングリコールであり、
前記(ii)の工程において、前記溶液と、前記複数の金属元素のイオンのそれぞれが単独で還元される温度以上に加熱した前記液体とを混合する、請求項9に記載の製造方法。 - 前記(ii)の工程において、前記溶液と、前記複数の金属元素のイオンのそれぞれが単独で還元される温度よりも20℃以上高い温度に加熱した前記液体とを混合する、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 前記還元剤がエチレングリコールであり、
前記複数の金属元素が銀およびロジウムであり、
前記(ii)の工程において、前記溶液と、145℃以上に加熱された前記液体とを混合する、請求項9に記載の製造方法。 - 前記複数の金属元素が金およびロジウムである、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記液体および前記溶液から選ばれる少なくとも1つが、前記合金微粒子の凝集を防止する保護剤を含む、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記(ii)の工程において、前記溶液を前記液体に滴下することによって前記溶液と前記液体とを混合する、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記(ii)の工程において、前記溶液を前記液体に噴霧することによって前記溶液と前記液体とを混合する、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項9に記載の製造方法で製造された合金微粒子であって、複数の金属元素が原子レベルで混合されている、固溶体型の合金微粒子。
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JP6989856B2 (ja) | 2015-02-28 | 2022-02-03 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | 担持触媒の製造方法 |
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US9540712B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
US20150231697A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
JP2015034347A (ja) | 2015-02-19 |
EP2422904A1 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
EP2422904A4 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
US20120094140A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
CN102458727A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
CN102458727B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
JP5774756B2 (ja) | 2015-09-09 |
EP2422904B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
JP5639045B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
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US9273378B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
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