WO2010113476A1 - 光画像計測装置 - Google Patents

光画像計測装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010113476A1
WO2010113476A1 PCT/JP2010/002301 JP2010002301W WO2010113476A1 WO 2010113476 A1 WO2010113476 A1 WO 2010113476A1 JP 2010002301 W JP2010002301 W JP 2010002301W WO 2010113476 A1 WO2010113476 A1 WO 2010113476A1
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Prior art keywords
light
measured
light amount
amount
image
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2010/002301
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
岡村一幸
石倉靖久
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Topcon Corp
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Topcon Corp
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Priority to EP10758256.1A priority Critical patent/EP2415392B1/en
Priority to US13/257,525 priority patent/US8879069B2/en
Publication of WO2010113476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010113476A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/102—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for optical coherence tomography [OCT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0008—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with illuminating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/1025—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for confocal scanning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical image measurement device that scans an object to be measured with laser light and forms an image of the object to be measured using the reflected light.
  • optical image measurement technology that scans an object to be measured with a light beam from a laser light source or the like and forms an image representing the surface form or internal form of the object to be measured has attracted attention. Since this optical image measurement technique does not have invasiveness to the human body like an X-ray CT apparatus, it is expected to be applied particularly in the medical field.
  • Examples of such an optical image measurement apparatus include an OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) apparatus and a scanning laser opthalmoscope (SLO) used in ophthalmology.
  • a scanning laser ophthalmoscope is an apparatus that forms an image by scanning laser light at high speed and projecting it into the eyeball, and detecting reflected light from the fundus with a highly sensitive light detection element.
  • OCT Optical Coherence Tomography
  • SLO scanning laser opthalmoscope
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an example of an optical image measurement technique.
  • the measuring arm scans an object with a rotating turning mirror (galvanomirror), a reference mirror is installed on the reference arm, and light that appears due to interference of light beams from the measuring arm and the reference arm at the exit.
  • An interferometer in which the intensity of the light is analyzed by a spectroscope is used, and the reference arm is provided with a device for changing the phase of the reference light beam stepwise by a discontinuous value.
  • the optical image measuring apparatus of Patent Document 1 uses a so-called “Fourier Domain OCT (Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography)” technique. That is, by irradiating the measured object with a beam of low coherence light, obtaining the spectral intensity distribution of the interference light between the reflected light and the reference light, and performing Fourier transform on the spectral intensity distribution, the depth direction (z Direction) is imaged.
  • Fourier Domain OCT Frourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
  • the optical image measurement device described in Patent Document 1 includes a galvanometer mirror that scans a light beam (signal light), thereby forming an image of a desired measurement target region of the object to be measured. Since this apparatus is configured to scan the light beam only in one direction (x direction) orthogonal to the z direction, the image formed by this apparatus is in the scanning direction (x direction) of the light beam. It becomes a two-dimensional tomogram in the depth direction (z direction) along.
  • Patent Document 2 a plurality of two-dimensional tomographic images in the scanning direction (x direction) are scanned by scanning the signal light in the scanning direction (x direction) and the vertical direction (y direction: a direction orthogonal to the x direction and the z direction).
  • a technique for forming and obtaining three-dimensional tomographic information of a measurement range based on the plurality of tomographic images and imaging it is disclosed.
  • this three-dimensional imaging for example, a method of displaying a plurality of tomographic images side by side in the vertical direction (y direction) (called stack data or the like), or rendering a plurality of tomographic images to form a three-dimensional image Possible ways to do this.
  • Patent Document 3 as an example of another type of optical image measurement device, interference obtained by scanning the wavelength of light irradiated on an object to be measured and superimposing reflected light and irradiation light of each wavelength.
  • an optical image measurement device that obtains a spectrum intensity distribution based on light and images the form of an object to be measured by applying a Fourier transform to the spectrum intensity distribution.
  • Such an optical image measurement device is called a swept source type.
  • the optical image measurement device is composed of various precision optical devices and optical components including optical fibers, and therefore is easily influenced by the use environment, particularly the temperature environment, and the phenomenon is to be measured.
  • the amount of light irradiated on the screen decreases.
  • the amount of light irradiated to the object to be measured also decreases due to deterioration of the light source over time (deterioration with time).
  • the signal for forming each tomographic image to be formed becomes low, which may result in an unclear image.
  • the eye to be examined when the eye is the object to be measured (the eye as the object to be measured is hereinafter referred to as “the eye to be examined”), there is a risk of damaging the eye to be examined. There is also.
  • the conventional optical image measurement device when measuring the amount of laser light emitted to the object to be measured, a device for measuring the amount of light is prepared and the measurement device is placed at the position of the object to be measured. Measuring the amount of laser light applied to an object has been performed.
  • the operator's work in measuring the amount of light and adjusting the amount of light has been complicated.
  • since it is difficult to measure the amount of laser light applied to the object to be measured there is a risk that the object to be measured is irradiated with strong laser light by mistake.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and easily measures the amount of laser light emitted to an object to be measured using a light amount measuring device arranged inside the optical image measuring device. It is an object to provide an optical image measurement device capable of performing the above. Another object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe optical image measurement device, particularly in the medical field.
  • an optical image measuring device is a light source that generates laser light, a light amount adjusting means that adjusts a light amount of the laser light generated by the light source, and a direction of a galvano mirror.
  • Scanning means for scanning the laser beam with respect to the object to be measured while changing the irradiation position of the laser beam with respect to the object to be measured, and detection for detecting the laser beam reflected by the object to be measured Means, an image forming means for forming an image of the object to be measured based on a detection result obtained by the detecting means, and an outside of the optical path of the laser light irradiated to the object to be measured, and Two operation modes: a measurable light amount measuring means, an image forming mode for forming an image of the object to be measured, and a light amount measuring mode for measuring the light amount of the laser light Mode switching means for selectively switching, and when the mode switching means switches to the light quantity measurement mode, the scanning means changes the direction of the galvanometer mirror to measure the light quantity of the laser light.
  • the light quantity measuring means measures the light quantity of the input laser light
  • the light quantity adjusting means stores a predetermined range of the light quantity in advance
  • the light quantity measured by the light quantity measuring means is The amount of laser light generated by the light source is adjusted so as to be included in the predetermined range.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is the optical image measurement device according to the first aspect, wherein the light amount adjusting means stores in advance an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the light amount as the predetermined range, and the light amount measurement Comparing the light quantity measured by the means with each of the upper limit value and the lower limit value, and lowering the light quantity of the laser beam generated by the light source when the measured light quantity exceeds the upper limit value, When the measured light quantity is below the lower limit value, the light quantity of the laser light generated by the light source is increased.
  • the optical image measurement device is the optical image measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the light amount adjusting means stores in advance an upper limit value of the light amount of the laser light as the predetermined range.
  • the apparatus further comprises warning means for comparing the light quantity measured by the light quantity measuring means with the upper limit value and notifying a warning when the measured light quantity exceeds the upper limit value. Is.
  • invention of Claim 4 is an optical image measuring device of Claim 1, Comprising:
  • the said light quantity adjustment means has memorize
  • the said light quantity An irradiation prohibiting means for comparing the amount of light measured by the measuring means with the upper limit value, and prohibiting irradiation of the object to be measured with the laser light when the measured light amount exceeds the upper limit value. It is further characterized by comprising.
  • the invention according to claim 5 is the optical image measurement device according to claim 1, further comprising maximum brightness acquisition means for acquiring the maximum brightness of the image formed by the image forming means, and the light amount adjustment means. Further stores in advance a maximum brightness threshold that is a lower limit of the maximum brightness of the image as the predetermined range, compares the maximum brightness acquired by the maximum brightness acquisition means with the maximum brightness threshold, and the maximum brightness is The light amount of the laser light generated by the light source is adjusted so as to be included in the predetermined range when it is below the maximum luminance threshold value.
  • the invention according to claim 6 is the optical image measurement device according to claim 1, further comprising operation means for starting irradiation of the laser light onto the object to be measured, wherein the mode switching means is In response to the operation of the operation means, the light quantity measurement mode is switched to cause the light quantity measurement means to measure the light quantity of the laser light, and then the light quantity first measured by the light quantity measurement means is the predetermined light quantity.
  • the image forming mode is switched to start image formation of the object to be measured. .
  • the optical image measurement device wherein a light source that generates laser light, a light amount adjusting unit that adjusts a light amount of the laser light generated by the light source, and the low coherence light as signal light and reference light.
  • the signal light is scanned with respect to the object to be measured while changing the direction of the galvanometer mirror and changing the irradiation position of the signal light to the object to be measured, and the signal light reflected by the object to be measured
  • An interference light is generated by superimposing the reference light via the reference light path to detect the interference light, and based on a detection result obtained by the interference light detection means, the object to be measured is detected.
  • a tomographic image forming means for forming a tomographic image; a light quantity measuring means arranged outside the optical path of the signal light applied to the measured object; and an image for forming an image of the measured object.
  • a mode switching unit that selectively switches between two operation modes of a formation mode and a light amount measurement mode for measuring the light amount of the signal light, and when the mode switching unit switches to the light amount measurement mode.
  • the interference light detecting means changes the direction of the galvanometer mirror and inputs the signal light to the light quantity measuring means, and the light quantity measuring means measures the light quantity of the input signal light and adjusts the light quantity.
  • the means stores in advance a predetermined range of light quantity, and adjusts the light quantity of the low-coherence light generated by the light source so that the light quantity measured by the light quantity measuring means is included in the predetermined range. It is a feature.
  • the light amount of the laser beam toward the object to be measured can be measured by the light amount measuring means arranged inside the apparatus. This makes it possible to easily measure the amount of laser light directed to the object to be measured without separately preparing a light amount measuring device for measuring the amount of light, and to reduce the complexity of the work. .
  • the present invention it is possible to automatically adjust the light amount of the laser light directed to the object to be measured based on the light amount measured by the light amount measuring means disposed inside the apparatus. As a result, it is possible to reduce the complexity of work in adjusting the amount of laser light directed toward the object to be measured, and it is possible to easily cope with deterioration of the light source over time, changes due to the environment, and the like.
  • a warning can be notified when the amount of laser light directed toward the object to be measured exceeds an adjustable value.
  • an adjustable value As a result, the operator can easily grasp that the amount of laser light cannot be adjusted, and the safety of the apparatus can be improved.
  • the present invention it is possible to prohibit the irradiation of the object to be measured when the light amount of the laser light toward the object to be measured exceeds an adjustable value. As a result, the laser light is not irradiated onto the object to be measured in a state where the adjustment of the light amount of the laser light cannot be performed, and the safety of the apparatus can be improved.
  • An optical image measurement apparatus is an apparatus that scans an object to be measured with laser light and forms an image of the object to be measured using the reflected light. Examples thereof include a scanning laser ophthalmoscope and OCT. There is.
  • an example of an embodiment of an optical image measurement device will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
  • an apparatus that is used in the ophthalmic field and acquires an OCT image of a living eye will be described.
  • the same operation and effect can be obtained with the same configuration.
  • other optical image measurement devices such as a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, the same operation and effect can be obtained with the same configuration.
  • the configuration according to this embodiment can be applied to any type of OCT technology that scans signal light such as a swept source type.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 includes a fundus camera unit 100, an OCT unit 200, and an arithmetic control device 300. Each of these units may be provided in a distributed manner in a plurality of cases, or may be provided in a single case.
  • the fundus camera unit 100 has an optical system that is almost the same as that of a conventional fundus camera.
  • a fundus camera is a device that photographs the fundus.
  • the fundus camera is used for photographing a fundus blood vessel.
  • the OCT unit 200 stores an optical system for acquiring an OCT image of the fundus oculi Ef.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 includes a computer that executes various arithmetic processes and control processes.
  • the fundus camera unit 100 and the OCT unit 200 are optically connected via a fiber cable.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 is connected to each of the fundus camera unit 100 and the OCT unit 200 via a communication line that transmits an electrical signal.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 has two operation modes, a light amount adjustment mode and an image formation mode.
  • the light amount adjustment mode is a mode for measuring the amount of laser light output from the light source.
  • the image forming mode is a mode for forming a tomographic image of the object to be measured.
  • the fundus camera unit 100 includes an optical system for forming a two-dimensional image representing the form of the fundus surface.
  • the two-dimensional image of the fundus surface includes a color image and a monochrome image obtained by photographing the fundus surface, and further a fluorescent image (fluorescein fluorescent image, indocyanine green fluorescent image, etc.) and the like.
  • the fundus camera unit 100 is provided with various user interfaces as in the conventional fundus camera.
  • the user interface include an operation panel, a control lever (joystick), a photographing switch, a focusing handle, a display, and the like.
  • a chin rest and a forehead rest for holding the subject's face are provided.
  • the fundus camera unit 100 is provided with an observation / photographing optical system 110 including an illumination optical system and a photographing optical system, as in a conventional fundus camera.
  • the structure of the observation / photographing optical system 110 has the same structure as that of a conventional fundus camera unit.
  • the observation / imaging optical system 110 includes a light source that irradiates illumination light having a wavelength of, for example, about 400 nm to 800 nm, and an imaging device (both not shown).
  • the illumination light output from the light source passes through various optical elements included in the observation / imaging optical system 110 and reaches the dichroic mirror 103. Further, this illumination light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 103 and is condensed by passing through the condenser lens system 102. The condensed illumination light enters the eye E through the objective lens 101 and illuminates the fundus oculi Ef.
  • the dichroic mirror 103 reflects fundus reflection light (having a wavelength included in the range of about 400 nm to 800 nm) of illumination light from the observation / imaging optical system 110.
  • the dichroic mirror 103 transmits signal light (for example, having a wavelength included in a range of about 800 nm to 900 nm) from the OCT unit 200.
  • the imaging device included in the fundus camera unit 100 receives fundus reflection light of illumination light and outputs a video signal.
  • the fundus camera unit 100 is provided with a photodiode 105.
  • the photodiode 105 detects light and performs photoelectric conversion, and measures the amount of light detected based on the current or voltage of the electrical signal.
  • This photodiode 105 corresponds to the “light quantity measuring means” in the present invention.
  • the light quantity measuring means is not limited to the photodiode, and other mechanisms for measuring the light quantity may be used.
  • the photodiode 105 is disposed at a position off the optical path of the signal light toward the eye E to be examined. More specifically, the photodiode 105 is arranged outside the aperture hole through which light passes in the aperture 111 arranged at a position conjugate with the fundus oculi Ef on the optical path, and the light toward the photodiode 105 enters the aperture hole. What is necessary is just to arrange
  • the fundus camera unit 100 is provided with a scanning unit 107.
  • the scanning unit 107 scans the irradiation position of the signal light output from the OCT unit 200 on the fundus oculi Ef.
  • the scanning unit 107 scans the signal light on the xy plane shown in FIG. 1 in the image forming mode.
  • the scanning unit 107 is provided with, for example, a galvanometer mirror 107A for scanning in the x direction and a galvanometer mirror 107B for scanning in the y direction.
  • the directions of the galvanometer mirrors 107A and 107B are changed by applying a voltage.
  • the galvanometer mirrors 107A and 107B are arranged at a preset reference position when the voltage is 0V. This reference position is set, for example, so that the optical path of the signal light passes through the center of the aperture. Scanning of the eye E in the Y direction is performed in a range of approximately ⁇ 6.5 mm.
  • the direction of the galvanometer mirror 107B (direction in the Y direction) is changed by approximately 3.5 degrees in the present embodiment.
  • the aperture hole of the aperture 111 has a size that allows signal light in a state where the direction of the galvano mirror 107B is changed by 3.5 degrees with respect to the reference position.
  • the maximum movable angle of the galvanometer mirror 107B is about 20 degrees.
  • the scanning unit 107 changes the direction of the galvano mirror 107B and irradiates the photodiode 105 with signal light in the light amount measurement mode.
  • the optical path of the signal light toward the photodiode 105 is an optical path L represented by a dotted line in FIG.
  • the galvanometer mirror 107A is directed to the reference position.
  • the photodiode 105 is irradiated with the signal light through the optical path L by changing the direction of the galvanometer mirror 107B by 5.5 degrees from the reference position.
  • the diaphragm 111 is configured to pass the signal light in a state in which the direction of the galvano mirror 107B is changed by 3.5 degrees from the reference position, and thus the direction of the galvano mirror 107B.
  • the optical path L of the signal light in a state where is changed by 5.5 degrees does not pass through the stop 111. Therefore, when the signal light passes through the optical path L that irradiates the photodiode 105, the signal light is not irradiated to the eye E.
  • the direction of the galvano mirror 107B is changed to move the optical path in the Y direction to irradiate the photodiode 105 with light.
  • the position of the photodiode 105 is irradiated to this. Any position may be used as long as the signal light is not irradiated on the eye E.
  • the photodiode 105 may be arranged at a position where the signal light is directed when the direction of the galvano mirror 107A is changed.
  • both the galvano mirrors 107A and 107B may be arranged.
  • the photodiode 105 may be arranged at a position where the signal light is directed when the direction is changed.
  • the OCT unit 200 includes an optical system similar to that of a conventional Fourier domain type optical image measurement device. That is, the OCT unit 200 divides the low-coherence light into reference light and signal light, and generates interference light by causing the signal light reflected by the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined to interfere with the reference light passing through the reference object. And an optical system for detecting a spectral component of the interference light and generating a detection signal. This detection signal is sent to the arithmetic and control unit 300.
  • the low coherence light source 201 is a broadband light source that outputs broadband low coherence light.
  • the broadband light source for example, a super luminescent diode (SLD), a light emitting diode (LED), or the like can be used.
  • SLD super luminescent diode
  • LED light emitting diode
  • This low coherence light corresponds to the “laser light” in the present invention
  • the low coherence light source 201 corresponds to the “light source” in the present invention.
  • the amount of signal light is also increased or decreased accordingly. That is, when the amount of signal light increases, the intensity of light irradiated to the eye E increases.
  • the amount of signal light irradiated to the eye E is 700 ⁇ W or less.
  • the amount of light usually refers to the amount of light irradiated per predetermined time, but since the amount of light is conventionally used to indicate the intensity of light, the amount of light also refers to the intensity of light. Use.
  • the low coherence light includes, for example, light having a wavelength in the near infrared region and has a temporal coherence length of about several tens of micrometers.
  • the low coherence light includes a wavelength longer than the illumination light (wavelength of about 400 nm to 800 nm) of the fundus camera unit 1A, for example, a wavelength in the range of about 800 nm to 900 nm.
  • the low coherence light output from the low coherence light source 201 is guided to the isolator 202 through an optical fiber.
  • the isolator 202 serves to prevent low-coherence light from returning to the low-coherence light source 201, and protects the low-coherence light source 201.
  • the low coherence light output from the isolator 202 is guided to the optical coupler 203 through the optical fiber.
  • the optical coupler 203 splits the low coherence light into reference light and signal light.
  • the optical coupler 203 has both functions of a means for splitting light (splitter) and a means for superposing light (coupler), but here, it is conventionally referred to as an “optical coupler”.
  • the reference light generated by the optical coupler 203 is guided by an optical fiber and emitted from the end face of the fiber. Further, the reference light is collected by the condenser lens system 207 and reflected by the reference mirror 208.
  • the reference light reflected by the reference mirror 208 passes through the condenser lens system 207 again, and is further guided to the optical coupler 203 through the optical fiber.
  • the reference mirror 208 and the condenser lens system 207 are moved in the traveling direction of the reference light by a predetermined driving mechanism. Thereby, the optical path length of the reference light can be ensured according to the axial length of the eye E and the working distance (distance between the objective lens 101 and the eye E).
  • the signal light generated by the optical coupler 203 is guided by the optical fiber and guided to the fundus camera unit 100. Further, when the optical image measuring device 1 is in the image forming mode, the signal light is collected from the condensing lens system 109, the deflecting mirror 108, the scanning unit 107, the condensing lens system 106, the deflecting mirror 104, the diaphragm 111, the dichroic mirror 103, and the collecting light.
  • the fundus oculi Ef is irradiated through the optical lens system 102 and the objective lens 101.
  • the signal light is irradiated to the photodiode 105 via the condenser lens system 109, the deflection mirror 108, the scanning unit 107, the condenser lens system 106, and the deflection mirror 104. Is done.
  • the signal light incident on the eye E is imaged and reflected on the fundus oculi Ef.
  • the signal light is not only reflected on the surface of the fundus oculi Ef but also reaches the deep region of the fundus oculi Ef and is scattered at the refractive index boundary. Therefore, the signal light passing through the fundus oculi Ef includes information reflecting the surface form of the fundus oculi Ef and information reflecting the state of backscattering at the refractive index boundary of the deep tissue of the fundus oculi Ef. This light may be simply referred to as “fundus reflected light of signal light”.
  • the fundus reflection light of the signal light is guided in the opposite direction along the same path as the signal light directed to the eye E, enters the OCT unit 200, and returns to the optical coupler 203.
  • the optical coupler 203 superimposes the signal light returned via the fundus oculi Ef and the reference light reflected by the reference mirror 208 to generate interference light.
  • Interference light is guided to the diffraction grating 204 through an optical fiber.
  • the diffraction grating 204 may be transmissive or reflective.
  • the interference light is split (spectral decomposition) by the diffraction grating 204.
  • the dispersed interference light is imaged on the imaging surface of the line CCD 206 (hereinafter simply referred to as “CCD 206”) by the condenser lens system 205.
  • the CCD 206 detects each spectral component of the split interference light and converts it into electric charges.
  • the CCD 206 accumulates this electric charge and generates a detection signal. Further, the CCD 206 sends this detection signal to the arithmetic and control unit 300.
  • other light detection elements line sensor or area sensor
  • CMOS may be used.
  • the “scanning means” includes the scanning unit 107.
  • the “detecting means” includes, for example, the optical coupler 203, an optical member on the optical path of the interference light (that is, an optical member disposed between the optical coupler 203 and the CCD 206), and an optical path of the reference light.
  • an interferometer including the optical coupler 203, the optical fiber, and the reference mirror 208, and more particularly, an optical member disposed between the optical coupler 203 and the reference mirror 208. It has a CCD 206.
  • a combination of the portion corresponding to the “scanning means” and the portion corresponding to the “detecting means” corresponds to the “interference light detecting means” in the present invention.
  • a Michelson interferometer is used.
  • any type of interferometer such as a Mach-Zehnder type can be appropriately used.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 analyzes the detection signal input from the CCD 206 and forms an OCT image of the fundus oculi Ef.
  • the arithmetic processing for this is the same as that of a conventional Fourier domain type optical image measurement device.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 controls each part of the fundus camera unit 100 and the OCT unit 200.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 performs illumination light output control, aperture value control of the aperture 111, and the like.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 controls the operation of the galvanometer mirrors 107A and 107B to scan the signal light.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 controls the output of the low coherence light by the low coherence light source 201, the movement control of the reference mirror 208, the control of the charge accumulation time, the charge accumulation timing and the signal transmission timing by the CCD 206, etc. I do.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 includes a microprocessor, a RAM, a ROM, a hard disk drive, a keyboard, a mouse, a display, a communication interface, and the like, like a conventional computer.
  • the hard disk drive stores a computer program for controlling the optical image measurement device 1.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 300 may include a dedicated circuit board that forms an OCT image based on a detection signal from the CCD 206.
  • Control system The configuration of the control system of the optical image measurement device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, the CCD 206 is described separately from the OCT unit 200, but actually the CCD 206 is mounted on the OCT unit 200 as described above.
  • the control system of the optical image measurement device 1 is configured around the control unit 310 of the arithmetic control device 300.
  • the control unit 310 includes, for example, the above-described microprocessor, RAM, ROM, hard disk drive, communication interface, and the like.
  • the control unit 310 is provided with a main control unit 311 and a storage unit 312.
  • the main control unit 311 controls each part of the fundus camera unit 100, the OCT unit 200, and the arithmetic control device 300.
  • the main controller 311 controls the mirror drive mechanisms 141 and 142 to control the direction (angle) of the galvanometer mirrors 107A and 107B, thereby scanning the irradiation position of the signal light on the fundus oculi Ef.
  • the storage unit 312 stores various data. Examples of data stored in the storage unit 312 include OCT image image data, fundus image data, eye information to be examined, and the like.
  • the eye information includes, for example, various information related to the eye such as information about the subject such as patient ID and name, left eye / right eye identification information, and diagnosis / test results of the eye.
  • the main control unit 311 performs processing for writing data in the storage unit 312 and processing for reading data from the storage unit 312.
  • the storage unit 312 stores the angles of the galvanometer mirrors 107A and 107B for allowing the signal light to enter the photodiode 105. Further, the storage unit 312 stores an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold of the light amount as a predetermined range of the light amount. In the present embodiment, the storage unit 312 stores 700 ⁇ W as the upper limit threshold and 400 ⁇ W as the lower limit threshold. However, other values may be set for this value, and it is preferable to set a value according to the operation. For example, in order to further improve the safety of the eye E, a lower value such as 600 ⁇ W may be set as the upper limit threshold, and in order to improve image quality, the lower limit value is set as 500 ⁇ W. A higher value may be set. This upper limit threshold corresponds to the “upper limit value” in the present invention, and the lower limit threshold corresponds to the “lower limit value” in the present invention.
  • the storage unit 312 stores a computer program for executing an operation (flow chart) described later.
  • the main control unit 311 operates based on the computer program.
  • the image forming unit 320 forms image data of a tomographic image of the fundus oculi Ef based on the detection signal from the CCD 206.
  • This image data forming process includes processes such as noise removal (noise reduction), filter processing, and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), as in the conventional Fourier domain type OCT technique.
  • the image forming unit 320 includes, for example, the above-described circuit board and communication interface.
  • image data and “image” displayed based on the “image data” may be identified.
  • the image processing unit 330 performs various types of image processing and analysis processing on the fundus image (captured image of the fundus surface) acquired by the fundus camera unit 100 and the tomographic image formed by the image forming unit 320. For example, the image processing unit 330 executes various correction processes such as luminance correction and dispersion correction of the tomographic image.
  • the image processing unit 330 forms image data of a three-dimensional image of the fundus oculi Ef by executing an interpolation process for interpolating pixels between tomographic images formed by the image forming unit 320.
  • the image processing unit 330 having the above configuration includes, for example, a microprocessor, a RAM, a ROM, a hard disk drive, and the like. Further, a circuit board that specializes in predetermined image processing and analysis processing may be included.
  • the tomographic images formed by the image forming unit 320 and the image processing unit 330 described above are degraded in image quality when the amount of signal light applied to the eye E is less than 400 ⁇ W, and are difficult to use for diagnosis. End up. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of signal light irradiated to the eye E is 400 ⁇ W or more.
  • the tomographic image formation described above is performed when the optical image measuring device 1 is in the image forming mode.
  • the image forming unit 320 (and the image processing unit 330) functions as an example of the “tomographic image forming unit” according to the present invention.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 When the optical image measurement device 1 is in the light amount measurement mode, the light amount adjustment unit 351 performs the following operation.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 receives an input of the measurement result of the light amount of the signal light measured by the photodiode 105. Then, the light amount adjustment unit 351 compares the upper limit threshold value (700 ⁇ W) and the lower limit threshold value (400 ⁇ W) stored in the storage unit 312 with the measurement result of the light amount of the signal light. If the measured light amount of the signal light exceeds the upper limit threshold, the light amount adjustment unit 351 controls the low coherence light source 201 to reduce the light amount of the low coherence light.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 controls the low coherence light source 201 to increase the light amount of the low coherence light.
  • a combination of the light amount adjusting unit 351 and the storage unit 312 corresponds to the “light amount adjusting unit” in the present invention.
  • the mode switching unit 352 When the mode switching unit 352 receives an input to perform a new examination from the operation unit 340B, the mode switching unit 352 switches the operation mode of the fundus camera unit 100 to the light amount measurement mode.
  • the mode switching unit 352 determines that the measurement result of the light amount of the signal light by the photodiode 105 is equal to or lower than the upper limit threshold and equal to or higher than the lower limit threshold, the mode switching unit 352 causes the operation mode of the optical image measurement device 1 To the image forming mode.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 determines that the measurement result of the light amount of the signal light is above the upper threshold value or below the lower threshold value, the light amount adjustment unit 351 adjusts the light amount.
  • the mode switching unit 352 operates the operation mode of the optical image measurement device 1. To the image forming mode.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 is operated in the light amount measurement mode for each new examination to improve the safety and the image quality of the tomographic image, and measure and adjust the light amount of the signal light toward the eye E to be examined.
  • the timing of the operation in the light quantity measurement mode is performed in consideration of the safety required for each optical image measurement device 1 and the image quality of the tomographic image.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 may be configured to operate in the light amount measurement mode when the optical image measurement device 1 is turned on.
  • a timer is provided in the mode switching unit 352, and the mode switching unit 352 stores a predetermined time (for example, 3 hours) in advance.
  • the mode switching unit 352 measures the usage time of the optical image measurement device 1 with this timer, and switches the operation mode of the optical image measurement device 1 to the light amount measurement mode every time this usage time elapses.
  • the light quantity measurement may be automatically executed.
  • the inspection is actually performed at the timing when the predetermined time has passed (when operating in the image forming mode)
  • the light amount measurement is performed by switching to the light amount measurement mode. To do.
  • a timer is provided in the mode switching unit 352, but a time measuring unit for measuring the usage time of the optical image measuring device 1 is provided separately, and the time measuring unit stores a predetermined time. It may be configured.
  • the mode switching unit 352 determines the operation mode of the optical image measuring device 1 by measuring the light amount when receiving a notification from the time measuring unit that the predetermined usage time has passed. What is necessary is just to set it as the structure switched to a mode.
  • the user interface 340 includes a display unit 340A and an operation unit 340B.
  • the operation unit 340B includes an input device and an operation device such as a keyboard and a mouse.
  • the operation unit 340B includes various input devices and operation devices provided on the surface of the casing of the optical image measurement device 1 or outside.
  • the display unit 340A and the operation unit 340B do not need to be configured as individual devices.
  • a device in which the display unit 340A and the operation unit 340B are integrated, such as a touch panel LCD, can be used.
  • FIG. 3 represents an example of a usage pattern of the optical image measurement device 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • S1 to S7 are preparation stages
  • S8 to S12 are actual inspection stages.
  • the preparation stage and the actual inspection stage are connected and described, but a time may be allowed between the preparation stage and the actual inspection stage.
  • the operator operates the operation unit 340B to input that a new inspection is to be performed (S1).
  • the mode switching unit 352 switches the operation mode of the optical image measurement device 1 to the light amount measurement mode in response to an input to perform a new inspection from the operator (S2).
  • the control unit 310 arranges the galvano mirror 107A at the reference position, changes the direction of the galvano mirror 107B, and adjusts the optical path of the signal light toward the photodiode 105 (S3).
  • the galvanometer mirror 107A is disposed at the reference position as in the case of turning on the power, it is not necessary to change the orientation of the galvanometer mirror 107A.
  • the low coherence light source 201 outputs low coherence light, and the photodiode 105 is irradiated with signal light.
  • the photodiode 105 measures the light amount of the irradiated signal light (S4).
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 receives the measurement result of the light amount of the signal light from the photodiode 105 and compares the input measurement result with the upper limit threshold value and the lower limit threshold value stored in the storage unit 312. (S5). If the light amount adjustment unit 351 determines that the measurement result exceeds the upper limit threshold or falls below the lower limit threshold (No in S5), the process proceeds to step 7. On the other hand, if the light amount adjustment unit 351 determines that the measurement result is equal to or lower than the upper threshold and equal to or higher than the lower threshold (that is, within a predetermined range) (Yes in S5), the process proceeds to step 6.
  • the mode switching unit 352 When the mode switching unit 352 receives a notification from the light amount adjustment unit 351 that the light amount of the signal light is included in the predetermined range (Yes in S5), the mode switching unit 352 switches the operation mode of the optical image measurement device 1 to the image forming mode ( S6).
  • the light amount adjusting unit 351 adjusts the light amount of the low coherence light output from the low coherence light source 201 (S7). After adjusting the amount of light, the process returns to step 4 to measure the signal light again and compare the measurement result with the threshold value.
  • the eye E is placed at a predetermined measurement position (position facing the objective lens 101), and the eye E and the apparatus are aligned (S8).
  • the main control unit 311 performs focusing on the eye E (S9).
  • the operator operates the operation unit 340B to request the start of inspection (S10).
  • the main control unit 311 controls the low coherence light source 201, the CCD 206, and the like, and also controls the mirror driving mechanisms 141 and 142 to scan the fundus oculi Ef while changing the orientation of the galvanometer mirrors 107A and 107B (S11). ).
  • the image forming unit 320 collects detection signals of the fundus components output from the CCD 206, obtains a spectrum intensity distribution based on the detection signals, and uses a Fourier domain OCT technique to detect the spectrum intensity distribution of the interference light. Is transformed into an image of the depth direction (z direction) of the fundus oculi Ef to form a tomographic image (S12).
  • the optical image measuring device 1 changes the direction of the galvanometer mirror 170B, thereby applying a laser beam (signal light) to the photodiode 105 disposed outside the optical path of the signal light irradiated to the object to be measured (eye E). And measure the amount of laser light. Furthermore, the optical image measurement device 1 is configured to automatically adjust the output of the light source so that the amount of laser light to be measured falls within a predetermined range.
  • the amount of signal light when measuring the amount of laser light directed toward the object to be measured, the amount of signal light can be easily measured without preparing another light amount measurement tool. it can. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the complexity of the work in measuring the light quantity. Further, it is not necessary to use another light quantity measurement tool in the adjustment of the light quantity, and it is possible to reduce the complexity of the work in adjusting the light quantity of the signal light directed to the object to be measured. Thereby, it is possible to easily cope with deterioration with time of the light source and changes due to the environment.
  • the amount of laser light can be automatically adjusted using the upper limit threshold value, the safety of the eye to be examined can be ensured. Furthermore, according to the optical image measuring device 1, the amount of laser light can be automatically adjusted using the lower limit threshold value, so that the inconvenience that a low-quality tomographic image must be obtained and re-examination must be performed can be reduced.
  • the light amount is automatically adjusted so that the light amount of the laser light measured by the photodiode falls within a predetermined range.
  • the light amount adjustment may not be performed automatically.
  • the measurement result of the light amount of the laser light can be displayed, and the operator can grasp the light amount of the laser light toward the object to be measured.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 is operated in the light quantity measurement mode at a predetermined timing as in the above embodiment.
  • the control unit 310 changes the direction of the galvanometer mirrors 107 ⁇ / b> A and 107 ⁇ / b> B so that the signal light passes through the optical path L and is irradiated on the photodiode 105.
  • the photodiode 105 measures the light amount of the irradiated signal light, and the main control unit 311 displays the measurement result on the display unit 340A.
  • the optical image measurement device has a configuration in which the operator can grasp the amount of the measured signal light.
  • the operator can grasp the light amount of the signal light directed toward the eye E and can manually adjust the output of the light source based on the measurement result.
  • the optical image measurement device changes the direction of the galvanometer mirror, so that the photo arranged outside the optical path of the laser light irradiated on the object to be measured (eye to be examined)
  • the laser light (signal light) is irradiated to the diode, the light amount of the laser light can be measured by the photodiode, and the measurement result is displayed on the display unit.
  • the operator can grasp the amount of laser light directed to the object to be measured without preparing another light amount measurement tool as in the above-described embodiment of the amount of light, It is possible to easily measure the amount of light and reduce the complexity of the work in measuring the amount of light.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 has a configuration in which a warning unit 353 and an irradiation prohibition unit 354 indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2 are added to the light amount measurement device according to the first embodiment.
  • the storage unit 312 stores a predetermined upper limit value.
  • the predetermined upper limit value may be the same as the upper limit value in the first embodiment, or may be a light amount limit value that can be adjusted by the light amount adjusting unit 351 (a value exceeding the upper limit threshold value).
  • the controller 310 adjusts the signal light to irradiate the photodiode 105 through the optical path L by returning the galvanometer mirror 107A to the reference position and changing the direction of the galvanometer mirror 107B.
  • the photodiode 105 measures the amount of irradiated signal light.
  • the photodiode 105 outputs the measurement result to the light amount adjustment unit 351, the warning unit 353, and the irradiation prohibition unit 354.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 compares the upper limit value stored in the storage unit 312 with the measurement result input from the photodiode 105. When determining that the measurement result exceeds the upper limit value, the light amount adjustment unit 351 sends a notification that the measurement result exceeds the upper limit value to the warning unit 353 and the irradiation prohibition unit 354. Further, when the light amount adjustment unit 351 determines that the measurement result exceeds the upper limit value, the light amount adjustment unit 351 does not perform the light amount adjustment operation because the light amount cannot be adjusted.
  • the warning unit 353 When the warning unit 353 receives the notification from the light amount adjustment unit 351, the warning unit 353 displays a warning on the display unit 340A and notifies the operator.
  • the warning unit 353 corresponds to “warning means” in the present invention.
  • any of the fundus camera unit 100 and the OCT unit 200 is configured to prohibit the irradiation of the signal light to the eye E (object to be measured). Control one or both.
  • the method of prohibiting the irradiation of the signal light to the eye E may be any method as long as the signal light is not incident on the eye E.
  • the output of the low-coherence light source 201 is stopped, the direction of the galvano mirror 107B is fixed so that the signal light passes through the optical path L toward the photodiode 105, or a shield is inserted in the optical path of the signal light.
  • the irradiation prohibition unit 354 corresponds to “irradiation prohibition means” in the present invention.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 notifies the operator of a warning and emits the signal light to the eye E when the light amount of the signal light exceeds the upper limit value.
  • the configuration is prohibited.
  • the object to be measured can be reliably protected, and the safety can be improved.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 includes both the warning unit 353 and the irradiation prohibition unit 354, but the optical image measurement device 1 includes either the warning unit 353 or the irradiation prohibition unit 354. You may have. Even in this case, it has the effect of improving safety.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 stores a predetermined lower limit value, and when the light amount of the signal light falls below the lower limit value, it is configured to leave the warning or prohibit the irradiation of the signal light. Also good.
  • a third embodiment of the optical image measurement device will be described.
  • the light intensity of the signal light is adjusted using the maximum luminance of the formed tomographic image (the maximum pixel value in the tomographic image). Therefore, in this embodiment, the adjustment of the light amount using the maximum luminance of the tomographic image in the image forming mode will be described.
  • the operation mode is switched to the image forming mode by the mode switching unit 352 in the optical image measurement device 1.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 has a configuration in which a maximum luminance acquisition unit 355 indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2 is added to the light amount measurement device according to the first embodiment.
  • the storage unit 312 stores a lower limit threshold (maximum luminance threshold) of the maximum luminance of the tomographic image.
  • the maximum luminance acquisition unit 355 calculates a pixel value in each pixel of the tomographic image formed by the image forming unit 320, and sets the maximum value among the calculated pixel values as the maximum luminance of the tomographic image. Then, the maximum luminance acquisition unit 355 outputs the obtained maximum luminance of the tomographic image to the light amount adjustment unit 351.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 compares the maximum luminance of the tomographic image input from the maximum luminance acquisition unit 355 with the maximum luminance threshold stored in the storage unit 312. The light amount adjusting unit 351 increases the light amount of the low coherence light source 201 when the maximum luminance is below the maximum luminance threshold.
  • a warning unit 353 may be provided, and the warning unit 353 may notify the warning when the light intensity adjustment unit 351 determines that the maximum luminance is below the maximum luminance threshold.
  • the optical image measurement device 1 outputs an output from the low coherence light source 201 when the maximum luminance of the tomographic image falls below a predetermined lower limit threshold (maximum luminance threshold). In this configuration, the amount of laser light emitted is increased.
  • optical image measurement device it is possible to easily adjust the amount of laser light to prevent the tomographic image from being degraded.
  • the configuration in which the light amount is adjusted and the warning is notified based on the maximum luminance of the tomographic image in one eye to be examined has been described.
  • the following configuration can be adopted.
  • the maximum luminance of the tomographic image in the examination of a plurality of test eyes is stored in the storage unit 312 in consideration of individual differences of the test eyes.
  • the maximum luminance of the tomographic image in this examination may be the maximum luminance of any one of the tomographic images acquired in the examination of each eye to be examined, or an average value of a predetermined number of tomographic images in the examination of each eye to be examined. You may ask for it.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351 calculates an average value from the maximum luminance value of the tomographic image in the latest examination stored in the storage unit 312 to the maximum luminance of the tomographic image in the predetermined number of previous examinations. Compare with the maximum brightness threshold. When it is determined that the average value is below the maximum luminance threshold, the light amount adjustment unit 351 adjusts the light amount and the warning unit 353 notifies the warning. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the influence of individual differences of the eye to be examined, and to more appropriately avoid the deterioration of the image quality of the tomographic image.
  • the light amount adjustment unit 351, the mode switching unit 352, the warning unit 353, and the irradiation prohibition unit 354 are separately described in FIG. These and the control unit 310 are described separately. However, actually, the light amount adjustment unit 351, the mode switching unit 352, the warning unit 353, and the irradiation prohibition unit 354 are configured to be included in the control unit 310.
  • the maximum luminance acquisition unit 355 is also described separately from the image processing unit 330 for convenience of explanation, but actually the maximum luminance acquisition unit 355 is configured to be included in the image processing unit 330.
  • Optical image measuring device 100 Fundus camera unit 101 Objective lens 102 Condensing lens system 103 Dichroic mirror 104 Deflection mirror 105 Photo diode 106 Condensing lens system 107 Scan unit 107A, 107B Galvano mirror 108 Deflection mirror 109 Condensing lens system 110 Imaging optical system 200 OCT unit 201 Low coherence light source 202 Isolator 203 Optical coupler 204 Diffraction grating 205 Condensing lens system 206 Line CCD (CCD) 207 Condensing lens system 208 Reference mirror 300 Arithmetic control device 310 Control unit 312 Storage unit 351 Light amount adjustment unit 352 Mode switching unit 353 Warning unit 354 Irradiation prohibition unit 355 Maximum luminance acquisition unit E Eye to be examined Ef Fundus

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