WO2010100749A1 - 空気電池 - Google Patents
空気電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010100749A1 WO2010100749A1 PCT/JP2009/054262 JP2009054262W WO2010100749A1 WO 2010100749 A1 WO2010100749 A1 WO 2010100749A1 JP 2009054262 W JP2009054262 W JP 2009054262W WO 2010100749 A1 WO2010100749 A1 WO 2010100749A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- air
- air battery
- housing
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air battery.
- An air battery is a battery using oxygen as a positive electrode active material, and takes in air from the outside during discharge. Therefore, it is possible to increase the proportion of the negative electrode active material in the battery container as compared with other batteries having positive and negative electrode active materials in the battery. Therefore, in principle, the electric capacity that can be discharged is large, and it is easy to reduce the size and weight. Further, since the oxidizing power of oxygen used as the positive electrode active material is strong, the battery electromotive force is relatively high. Furthermore, since oxygen has a feature that it is a clean material without resource restrictions, the air battery has a small environmental load. As described above, the air battery has many advantages, and is expected to be used for a hybrid vehicle battery, a portable device battery, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an air battery that issues a low-voltage alarm when a detected voltage becomes a threshold value or less.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a ventilation system for a metal air cell that includes a conduit for supplying reaction air to an air battery cell and an air flow device for flowing the reaction air.
- Patent Document 1 since a low voltage alarm is issued when the detected voltage falls below a threshold, it is possible to easily recognize whether the voltage of the air battery is below the threshold. Become. However, even if water enters the air battery, the operating voltage of the air battery does not fluctuate. Therefore, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is difficult to detect water ingress at an early stage. This problem has been difficult to solve by simply combining the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an air battery capable of detecting water ingress at an early stage.
- the present invention takes the following means. That is, The present invention includes a power generation unit including an air electrode supplied with an oxygen-containing gas, a negative electrode containing an alkali metal, and an electrolyte layer having an electrolyte that conducts ions between the air electrode and the negative electrode, and An air battery comprising a housing for housing a power generation unit, wherein hydrogen detection means is provided in the housing.
- hydrogen detection means is particularly limited as long as it can detect hydrogen generated by the reaction between alkali metal and water that has entered the housing. is not.
- Specific examples of the hydrogen detection means in the present invention include a catalytic combustion type hydrogen sensor, a semiconductor type hydrogen sensor, a micro thermoelectric type hydrogen sensor, and the like.
- the housing preferably contains a flow path for guiding oxygen-containing gas that has not been used in the power generation section to the power generation section, and hydrogen detection means is preferably disposed in the flow path. .
- the flow path for guiding the oxygen-containing gas that has not been used in the air electrode to the air electrode is housed in the housing
- the flow path is preferably a pipe line.
- the air battery of the present invention is provided with hydrogen detection means. Therefore, the hydrogen generated by the reaction between the alkali metal and the water that has entered the battery can be detected by the hydrogen detection means. By detecting hydrogen, water intrusion into the battery can be detected at an early stage. Therefore, according to the present invention, an air battery capable of detecting water ingress at an early stage can be provided. .
- hydrogen can be detected at an early stage because the oxygen-containing gas is sealed in the housing. Therefore, it becomes easy to detect intrusion of water at an early stage by setting it as this form.
- hydrogen detection means is disposed in the flow path. As a result, water intrusion can be detected at an early stage.
- the present invention since a plurality of power generation units are accommodated in the housing, it is possible to detect water that has entered one or more of the plurality of power generation units at an early stage.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a form of an air battery 10.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of an air battery 20.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of an air battery 30.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of an air battery 40.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an air battery 50.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the form of an air battery 60.
- the air battery will deteriorate.
- the inventors of the present invention can detect the hydrogen generated by the reaction between the alkali metal of the power generation unit and the infiltrated water by adopting a configuration in which the hydrogen detection means is provided in the housing. As a result, it was discovered that water intrusion can be detected at an early stage. It is considered that the deterioration of the air battery can be suppressed by detecting the ingress of water at an early stage.
- the present invention has been made based on such knowledge.
- the main gist of the present invention is to provide an air battery capable of early detection of water intrusion.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of an air battery 10 of the present invention.
- the air battery 10 includes an air electrode 1, a negative electrode 2, a power generation unit 4 including an electrolyte layer 3 disposed between the air electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and an air electrode 1 side.
- An oxygen layer 5 provided, and a housing 6 that houses the power generation unit 4 and the oxygen layer 5 are provided.
- a hydrogen detection means 7 (hereinafter referred to as “hydrogen sensor 7”) is further provided inside the housing 6 above the negative electrode 2, and the hydrogen sensor 7 has a hydrogen concentration of a threshold value. Is connected to the output means 9 for outputting an electronic signal.
- the negative electrode 2 contains a substance that can release, occlude / release alkali metal ions (a simple substance or a compound of an alkali metal, hereinafter referred to as “alkali metal”).
- alkali metal a simple substance or a compound of an alkali metal, hereinafter referred to as “alkali metal”.
- the space 8 between the upper surface of the housing 6 and the oxygen layer 5 is filled with oxygen-containing gas.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 When water that has entered the inside of the housing 6 reacts with the alkali metal contained in the negative electrode 2 in an emergency or emergency, hydrogen is generated. For example, when Li is contained in the negative electrode 2, hydrogen and LiOH are generated by the reaction of Li and water. The hydrogen produced in this way diffuses upward. As described above, the hydrogen sensor 7 is installed inside the housing 6 above the negative electrode 2. Therefore, according to the air battery 10, the hydrogen sensor 7 can detect hydrogen generated by the reaction between the water that has entered the inside of the housing 6 and the alkali metal contained in the negative electrode 2. The detection result by the hydrogen sensor 7 is then output to the output means 9. As described above, the output means 9 outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold value.
- the air battery 10 the water to the housing 6 is transmitted through the electronic signal output by the output means 9. Can be detected at an early stage. Therefore, according to the air battery 10, it is possible to detect water intrusion into the housing 6 at an early stage. Therefore, according to the air battery 10, it is possible to suppress deterioration, abnormality, and runaway of the battery.
- the air battery 10 will be described for each configuration.
- the conductive material contained in the air electrode 1 is not particularly limited as long as it can withstand the environment when the air battery 10 is used and has conductivity.
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the air electrode 1 include carbon materials such as carbon black and mesoporous carbon.
- the content of the conductive material in the air electrode 1 is preferably 10% by mass or more.
- Examples of the catalyst contained in the air electrode 1 include cobalt phthalocyanine and manganese dioxide. From the viewpoint of providing a form capable of exhibiting a sufficient catalytic function, the content of the catalyst in the air electrode 1 is preferably 1% by mass or more. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in reaction field and a decrease in battery capacity, the content of the catalyst in the air electrode 1 is preferably 90% by mass or less.
- binder contained in the air electrode 1 examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- content of the binder in the air electrode 1 is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable to set it as 10 mass% or less, and it is more preferable to set it as 1 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less.
- the air electrode 1 can be produced by, for example, a method of applying a paint composed of carbon black, a catalyst, and a binder to the surface of an air electrode current collector described later by a doctor blade method. In addition, it can also be produced by a method such as thermocompression bonding of mixed powder containing carbon black and a catalyst.
- the negative electrode 2 contains an alkali metal that functions as a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode 2 is provided with a negative electrode current collector (not shown) that contacts the inside or the outer surface of the negative electrode 2 and collects the current of the negative electrode 2.
- Examples of simple alkali metals that can be contained in the negative electrode 2 include Li, Na, and K. Moreover, as an alkali metal compound which can be contained in the negative electrode 2, a Li alloy etc. can be illustrated.
- the air battery 10 is a lithium air secondary battery, it is preferable that Li is contained from the viewpoint of providing the air battery 10 that can easily increase the capacity.
- the negative electrode 2 only needs to contain at least a negative electrode active material, and may further contain a conductive material that improves conductivity, or a binder that fixes an alkali metal or the like. From the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in reaction field and a decrease in battery capacity, the content of the conductive material in the negative electrode 2 is preferably 10% by mass or less. Further, the content of the binder in the negative electrode 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. The kind of conductive material and binder that can be contained in the negative electrode 2, the amount used, and the like can be the same as in the air electrode 1.
- a negative electrode current collector is provided in contact with the inside or the outer surface of the negative electrode 2.
- the negative electrode current collector has a function of collecting the negative electrode 2.
- the material for the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material. Examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include copper, stainless steel, and nickel. Examples of the shape of the negative electrode current collector include a foil shape, a plate shape, and a mesh (grid) shape.
- the negative electrode 2 can be produced by the same method as that for the air electrode 1, for example.
- the electrolyte layer 3 contains an electrolyte (liquid or solid) that conducts ions (alkali metal ions) between the air electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.
- the form of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it has metal ion conductivity, and examples thereof include a non-aqueous electrolytic solution. it can. It is preferable that the type of the non-aqueous electrolyte used for the electrolyte layer 3 is appropriately selected according to the type of metal ions to be conducted.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium air battery usually contains a lithium salt and an organic solvent.
- lithium salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4, LiAsF 6, and other inorganic lithium salts, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC An organic lithium salt such as (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 can be exemplified.
- organic solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, sulfolane, acetonitrile, 1 , 2-dimethoxymethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof.
- an organic solvent is a solvent with high oxygen solubility from a viewpoint of making it the form in which dissolved oxygen is used for reaction efficiently.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is, for example, not less than 0.2 mol / L and not more than 3 mol / L.
- a low volatile liquid such as an ionic liquid can be used as the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the electrolyte layer 3 is preferably in a form in which the electrolytic solution is held by the separator.
- a separator include porous films such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and nonwoven fabrics such as resin nonwoven fabric and glass fiber nonwoven fabric.
- the oxygen layer 5 has a function of guiding oxygen gas present in the housing 6 to the air electrode 1.
- the oxygen layer 5 is a passage of air guided to the air electrode 1.
- the oxygen layer 5 has a hole provided in the air electrode current collector that collects the air electrode 1 in contact with the inside or the outer surface of the air electrode 1. It functions as the oxygen layer 5. That is, the oxygen layer 5 can also be expressed as the air electrode current collector 5.
- the air electrode current collector has a function of collecting the air electrode 1.
- the material of the air electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material.
- the material for the air electrode current collector include stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, iron, titanium, and carbon.
- the shape of such an air electrode current collector include a mesh (grid) shape.
- the housing 6 accommodates at least the power generation unit 4, the oxygen layer 5, the hydrogen sensor 7, and the oxygen-containing gas.
- the shape of the housing 6 is not particularly limited.
- a material that can be used for the housing of the metal-air battery can be appropriately used.
- oxygen-containing gas accommodated in the housing 6 for example, oxygen gas having a pressure of 1.01 ⁇ 10 5 Pa and an oxygen concentration of 99.99% can be used.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 detects hydrogen generated by the reaction between water that has entered the housing 6 and the alkali metal contained in the negative electrode 2, and outputs the result to the output means.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the function.
- a catalytic combustion type hydrogen sensor a semiconductor type hydrogen sensor, a micro thermoelectric type hydrogen sensor, or the like.
- a known hydrogen sensor can be used.
- the output means 9 is connected to the hydrogen sensor 7 wirelessly or by wire, and outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen sensor 7 exceeds a threshold value. In the air battery 10, the entry of water into the housing 6 can be recognized at an early stage through the electronic signal output by the output means 9.
- the power generation unit 4 and the atmosphere are separated from each other by the upper surface of the housing 6, and the power generation unit 4 is not open to the atmosphere.
- the air battery of the present invention is limited to this form. Is not to be done.
- the casing of the air battery of the present invention can be configured such that an upper lid is not provided.
- the power generation unit 4 is not open to the atmosphere.
- the power generation unit 4 is not open to the atmosphere from the viewpoint of a configuration that can suppress depletion of the electrolytic solution. .
- FIG. 2 is sectional drawing which shows schematically the example of the form of the air battery 20 of this invention. 2, components having the same configuration as that of the air battery 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 1, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the air battery 20 includes a housing 21, an electrolytic solution 22, and structures 23 and 23 disposed in the electrolytic solution 22.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is installed above the electrolytic solution 22.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is connected to output means 9 that outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a threshold value.
- the inside of the housing 21 is a sealed space, and a space 26 between the upper surface of the housing 21 and the electrolytic solution 22 is filled with an oxygen-containing gas.
- the structure 23 of the air battery 20 has a structure in which the power generation units 4 and 4 are symmetrically arranged with the oxygen layer 24 as a boundary.
- the oxygen-containing gas filled in the space 26 diffuses into the oxygen layers 24 and 24 through the oxygen flow paths 25 and 25 that connect the oxygen layers 24 and 24 and the space 26.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is installed on the inner wall of the casing 21 above the electrolytic solution 22. Therefore, the hydrogen sensor 7 can detect hydrogen that has reached the space 26. The detection result by the hydrogen sensor 7 is then output to the output means 9. As described above, the output means 9 outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold value.
- the air battery 20 it is possible to detect water intrusion into the housing 21 at an early stage through the electronic signal output by the output unit 9. Therefore, according to the air battery 20, it is possible to suppress battery deterioration / abnormality / runaway.
- the air battery 20 will be described for each configuration.
- the housing 21 contains at least the electrolytic solution 22, the structures 23, 23,..., The hydrogen sensor 7, and the oxygen-containing gas.
- the shape of the housing 21 is not particularly limited as long as the housing 21 has a structure capable of sealing the inside of the housing 21 in order to suppress depletion of the electrolytic solution 22.
- the constituent material of the casing 21 the same material as that of the casing 6 can be used.
- oxygen-containing gas accommodated in the casing 21 for example, oxygen gas having a pressure of 1.01 ⁇ 10 5 Pa and an oxygen concentration of 99.99% can be used.
- the electrolytic solution 22 is responsible for ion conduction between the air electrodes 1, 1,... And the negative electrodes 2, 2,.
- Specific examples of the electrolytic solution 22 include the same electrolytic solution that can be used for the electrolyte layer 3.
- the pair of power generation units 4, 4 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the oxygen layer 24. By setting it as this form, it becomes easy to improve the output (output density) per unit volume of the structure 23.
- FIG. In the air battery 20, the air electrodes 1, 1,... And the negative electrodes 2, 2,. Well, they may be connected in parallel. In any connection form, if one negative electrode 2 or a plurality of negative electrodes 2, 2,... Reacts with water to generate hydrogen, the hydrogen passes through the electrolytic solution 22 into the space 26. Therefore, it can be detected by the hydrogen sensor 7.
- the oxygen layer 24 has a function of guiding an oxygen-containing gas supplied through an oxygen channel 25 described later to the air electrodes 1 and 1.
- the oxygen layer 24 is a passage of air that is led to the air electrodes 1 and 1.
- the oxygen layer 24 is in contact with the outer surface of the air electrodes 1 and 1 and serves as an air electrode current collector that collects the air electrodes 1 and 1.
- the provided holes function as the oxygen layer 24. That is, the oxygen layer 24 can also be expressed as the air electrode current collector 24.
- the oxygen channel 25 is an oxygen passage that guides the oxygen-containing gas existing in the space 26 to the oxygen layer 24. As long as such a function can be exhibited, the form of the oxygen channel 25 is not particularly limited.
- the oxygen channel 25 can be constituted by, for example, a cylindrical member made of the same material as that of the housing 21.
- the structure 23, 23 is illustrated as being disposed at intervals, but the air battery of the present invention is not limited to this form, and the negative electrode 2a in FIG. It is also possible to adopt a form in which the negative electrode 2b is in contact, or a form in which the negative electrode 2a and the negative electrode 2b are configured by one member (the structures 23 and 23 are configured integrally).
- FIG. 3 is sectional drawing which shows schematically the example of the form of the air battery 30 of this invention.
- the straight arrows in FIG. 3 indicate the flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas.
- components having the same configuration as that of the air battery 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 1, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the air battery 30 includes a flow path 31 through which an oxygen-containing gas flows, structures 32, 32,..., And a housing 33 that accommodates these.
- the casing 33 has an oxygen-containing gas inlet 34 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an “oxygen inlet 34”) and an oxygen-containing gas outlet 35 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an “oxygen outlet 35”).
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is installed on the inner wall of the oxygen outlet 35 of the housing 33.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is connected to output means 9 that outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a threshold value.
- the structure 32 includes air electrodes 36 and 36 disposed at the left and right ends, a negative electrode 37 disposed at the center, and electrolyte layers 3 and 3 disposed between the air electrodes 36 and 36 and the negative electrode 37, respectively.
- the air electrodes 36 and 36 and the negative electrode 37 are in contact with the electrolyte layers 3 and 3.
- the air electrodes 36, 36,... Are in contact with the flow path 31, and the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 31 is supplied to the air electrodes 36, 36,.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is connected to the oxygen outlet 35 of the housing 33 (more specifically, the inner wall of the oxygen outlet 35) corresponding to the outlet of the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 31. is set up. Since hydrogen diffuses toward the oxygen outlet 35 together with the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 31, according to the air battery 30, hydrogen generated in the housing 33 can be detected by the hydrogen sensor 7. The detection result by the hydrogen sensor 7 is then output to the output means 9. As described above, the output means 9 outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold value. Therefore, according to the air battery 30, it is possible to detect water intrusion into the housing 33 at an early stage through the electronic signal output by the output unit 9.
- the air battery 30 it is possible to suppress battery deterioration / abnormality / runaway.
- one negative electrode 37 and water reacted was described here, even when two or more negative electrodes 37, 37, ... accommodated in the housing 33 react with water, Similarly, hydrogen can be detected by the hydrogen sensor 7.
- the air battery 30 will be described for each configuration.
- the flow path 31 is a passage of oxygen-containing gas guided to the air electrodes 36, 36,.
- the flow path 31 can be comprised with the porous material which does not react with the electrolyte solution with which electrolyte layer 3, 3, ... is equipped, a mesh-shaped cylindrical member, etc.
- FIG. As the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 31, for example, an oxygen gas having a pressure of 1.01 ⁇ 10 5 Pa and an oxygen concentration of 99.99% can be used.
- the structure 32 includes air electrodes 36 and 36 disposed at the left and right ends, a negative electrode 37 disposed at the center, and electrolyte layers 3 and 3 disposed between the air electrodes 36 and 36 and the negative electrode 37, respectively.
- the air electrodes 36 and 36 and the negative electrode 37 are in contact with the electrolyte layers 3 and 3.
- FIG. In the air battery 30, the air electrodes 36, 36, ... and the negative electrodes 37, 37, ... may be electrically connected in series or may be connected in parallel. Regardless of the connection form, the intrusion of water into the inside of the housing 33 can be detected at an early stage through the hydrogen sensor 7 installed at the oxygen outlet 35 and the output means 9.
- the housing 33 accommodates at least the flow path 31, the structures 32, 32,..., And the hydrogen sensor 7, and further includes an oxygen inlet 34 that is an inlet for oxygen flowing through the flow path 31, and a flow path. 31 has an oxygen outlet 35 which is an outlet for oxygen flowing through 31.
- the constituent material of the housing 33 the same material as that of the housing 6 can be used.
- the air electrode 36 contains a conductive material, a catalyst, and a binding material that binds these, and contacts the inner or outer surface of the air electrode 36 to collect the air electrode 36. (Not shown) is provided.
- the type and content of the conductive material, catalyst, and binder that can be contained in the air electrode 36 can be the same as those of the air electrode 1.
- the negative electrode 37 contains an alkali metal that functions as a negative electrode active material. Further, the negative electrode 37 is provided with a negative electrode current collector (not shown) that contacts the inside or the outer surface of the negative electrode 37 and collects the current of the negative electrode 37.
- the constituent material of the negative electrode 37 can be the same as that of the negative electrode 2.
- FIG. 4 is sectional drawing which shows schematically the example of the form of the air battery 40 of this invention.
- the straight arrows in FIG. 4 indicate the flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas.
- components having the same configuration as that of the air battery 30 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 3, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the air battery 40 flows the flow path 41 through which the oxygen-containing gas flows, the structures 32, 32,..., And the oxygen-containing gas existing in the most downstream portion of the flow path 41. It has a conduit 42 that leads to the most upstream part of the oxygen-containing gas in the passage 41 and a housing 43 that accommodates these. Further, the air battery 40 is provided with a circulation means (for example, a circulation pump or the like, not shown) that circulates the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 41 and the pipe line 42. On the inner peripheral surface of the pipe line 42, a hydrogen sensor 7 is installed in the vicinity of the most downstream portion of the oxygen-containing gas in the flow path 41. The hydrogen sensor 7 detects an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a threshold value. Is connected to the output means 9 for outputting.
- a circulation means for example, a circulation pump or the like, not shown
- the air battery 40 Similar to the air battery 30, the air battery 40 also has water that has entered the inside of the housing 43 and one negative electrode 37 or a plurality of negative electrodes 37, 37,. Hydrogen produced by the reaction moves to the flow path 41. Then, together with the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 41, hydrogen reaches the most downstream portion of the oxygen-containing gas in the flow path 41. As described above, the hydrogen sensor 7 is installed on the inner peripheral surface of the pipe line 42 in the vicinity of the most downstream portion of the oxygen-containing gas in the flow path 41. Therefore, according to the air battery 40, hydrogen generated in the housing 43 can be detected by the hydrogen sensor 7 installed on the inner peripheral surface of the conduit 42. The detection result by the hydrogen sensor 7 is then output to the output means 9.
- the output unit 9 outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold value, according to the air battery 40, the water to the housing 43 is transmitted through the electronic signal output by the output unit 9. Can be detected at an early stage. Therefore, according to the air battery 40, deterioration / abnormality / runaway of the battery can be suppressed.
- the air battery 40 will be described for each configuration.
- the flow path 41 is a passage for oxygen-containing gas guided to the air electrodes 36, 36,.
- the flow path 41 can be constituted by a porous material that does not react with the electrolyte solution provided in the electrolyte layers 3, 3,.
- oxygen gas having a pressure of 1.01 ⁇ 10 5 Pa and an oxygen concentration of 99.99% can be used as the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the flow path 41.
- the pipe line 42 is an oxygen-containing gas flow path that guides the oxygen-containing gas existing in the most downstream part in the flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas in the flow path 41 to the most upstream part of the flow path 41 in the flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas. is there. That is, the pipe line 42 uses oxygen-containing gas that has not been used in the air electrodes 36, 36,... Provided in the plurality of structures 32, 32,. It is a flow path that leads to the air electrode 36 to which the oxygen-containing gas that flows through the most upstream part in the flow direction is supplied.
- a position corresponding to the downstream side in the oxygen-containing gas flow direction from the air electrode 36 to which the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the most downstream portion of the flow path 41 in the oxygen-containing gas flow direction is supplied.
- a hydrogen sensor 7 is installed. By setting it as this form, since hydrogen which has distribute
- the housing 43 accommodates at least the flow path 41, the structures 32, 32,..., The pipe line 42, and the hydrogen sensor 7.
- the constituent material of the housing 43 can be the same material as that of the housing 6.
- the pipe line 42 is provided as a flow path for guiding oxygen-containing gas that has not been used in the air electrodes 36, 36,... To the air electrodes 36, 36,.
- the air battery of the invention is not limited to this form. As long as the oxygen-containing gas that has not been used in the air electrodes 36, 36,... Can function as a flow path that leads to the air electrodes 36, 36,. It is also possible to adopt a form in which a flow path is provided.
- FIG. 5 is sectional drawing which shows the example of the form of the air battery 50 of this invention.
- the straight arrows in FIG. 5 indicate the flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas.
- some reference numerals are omitted.
- components having the same configuration as the air battery 30 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 3, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- the air battery 50 includes a flow path 51 through which an oxygen-containing gas circulates, structures 32, 32,..., And a casing 52 that accommodates these.
- the casing 52 has an oxygen-containing gas inlet 53 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “oxygen inlet 53”) and an oxygen-containing gas outlet 54 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “oxygen outlet 54”).
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is installed on the inner wall of the oxygen outlet 54 of the housing 52.
- the hydrogen sensor 7 is connected to output means 9 that outputs an electronic signal when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a threshold value.
- the oxygen-containing gas that has entered the inside of the housing 52 from the oxygen inlet 53 branches into the flow paths 51x, 51x,...
- the intrusion of water into the housing 52 can be detected at an early stage through the electronic signal output by the output means 9. Therefore, according to the air battery 50, battery deterioration / abnormality / runaway can be suppressed.
- the air battery 50 will be described for each configuration.
- the flow path 51 is a passage for oxygen-containing gas guided to the air electrodes 36, 36,.
- the flow path 51 is branched into a plurality of flow paths 51x, 51x,... In the middle, and the branched flow paths 51x, 51x,. .. Are disposed between the plurality of flow paths 51x, 51x,.
- the flow path 51 can be comprised with the porous material which does not react with the electrolyte solution with which electrolyte layer 3, 3, ... is equipped, a mesh-shaped cylindrical member, etc.
- an oxygen gas having a pressure of 1.01 ⁇ 10 5 Pa and an oxygen concentration of 99.99% can be used.
- the concentration of oxygen-containing gas (oxygen-containing gas) supplied to the air electrodes 36, 36 is possible to reduce unevenness of the oxygen concentration in the gas.
- the housing 52 accommodates at least the flow path 51, the structures 32, 32,..., And the hydrogen sensor 7, and further includes an oxygen inlet 53 that is an inlet for oxygen flowing through the flow path 51, and a flow path. 51 has an oxygen outlet 54 which is an outlet for oxygen flowing through 51.
- the constituent material of the casing 52 the same material as that of the casing 6 can be used.
- FIG. 6 is sectional drawing which shows the example of the form of the air battery 60 of this invention.
- the straight arrows in FIG. 6 indicate the flow direction of the oxygen-containing gas.
- FIG. 6 some reference numerals are omitted.
- FIG. 6 the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 3 are given to those having the same configuration as the air battery 30, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- the air battery 60 has a configuration in which containers 61 and 61 are added to the air battery 30.
- the container 61 is connected to the four electrolyte layers 3, 3,... Provided in the two structures 32, 32, so that the electrolyte solution can be supplied from the container 61 to the electrolyte layers 3, 3,. ing.
- the air battery 60 is configured to include the containers 61 and 61 in order to minimize the influence caused by the decrease in the electrolyte due to volatilization.
- the container 61 stores an electrolytic solution supplied to the electrolyte layers 3, 3.
- the container 61 is provided with a connection port used when being attached to the side surface of the housing 33. When the container 61 is attached to the housing 33, electrolysis is performed toward the electrolyte layers 3 and 3 through the connection port.
- the liquid can be supplied.
- the container 61 can be made of a known material that does not react with the electrolytic solution.
- the air battery of the present invention is not limited to this form.
- the air battery of the present invention can be configured such that the containers 61 and 61 are added to the air battery 40 or the containers 61 and 61 are added to the air battery 50.
- the air battery of this invention is the said It is not limited to a form, It can also be set as the form by which the electrolyte layers 3, 3, ... and the containers 61 and 61 are equipped with a solid electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to the air battery 10, the air battery 20, the air battery 30, the air battery 40, the air battery 50, and the air battery 60 (hereinafter, these may be simply referred to as “air battery of the present invention”).
- air battery of the present invention the form in which the output unit 9 is provided together with the hydrogen sensor 7 is illustrated, but the air battery of the present invention is not limited to this form, and may be in a form in which the output unit 9 is not provided. is there. However, from the viewpoint of easily recognizing the intrusion of water into the housing, it is preferable that the output means 9 is provided together with the hydrogen sensor 7.
- Examples of the air battery of the present invention described above include lithium air batteries, sodium air batteries, potassium air batteries and the like. From the viewpoint of providing an air battery that can easily increase the capacity, lithium Air batteries are preferred.
- examples of the use of the air battery of the present invention include vehicle mounting use, stationary power supply use, household power supply use, and portable information equipment.
- the air battery of the present invention in which the negative electrode 2 and the negative electrode 37 contain an alkali metal has been described.
- the technical idea of the present invention is that a negative electrode containing a Group II element (for example, Mg, Ca, etc.) is used.
- the present invention can also be applied to an air battery provided.
- the air battery of the present invention can be used as a power source for electric vehicles and portable information devices.
Abstract
Description
本発明は、酸素含有ガスが供給される空気極と、アルカリ金属を含む負極と、空気極及び負極の間でイオンの伝導を担う電解質を有する電解質層と、を備えた発電部、並びに、該発電部を収容する筐体を具備し、該筐体内に、水素検知手段が備えられていることを特徴とする、空気電池である。
2…負極
3…電解質層
4…発電部
5…酸素層
6…筐体
7…水素センサ(水素検知手段)
8…空間
9…出力手段
10…空気電池
20…空気電池
21…筐体
22…電解液
23…構造体
24…酸素層
25…酸素流路
26…空間
30…空気電池
31…流路
32…構造体
33…筐体
34…入口(酸素入口)
35…出口(酸素出口)
36…空気極
37…負極
40…空気電池
41…流路
42…管路
43…筐体
50…空気電池
51…流路
51x…流路
52…筐体
53…入口(酸素入口)
54…出口(酸素出口)
60…空気電池
61…容器
図1は、本発明の空気電池10の形態例を概略的に示す断面図である。図1に示すように、空気電池10は、空気極1、負極2、並びに、空気極1及び負極2の間に配設された電解質層3を備える発電部4と、空気極1側に配設された酸素層5と、発電部4及び酸素層5を収容する筐体6と、を具備している。そして、筐体6の内側には、さらに、負極2よりも上方に、水素検知手段7(以下において、「水素センサ7」という。)が設置されており、水素センサ7は、水素濃度が閾値を超えた場合に電子信号を出力する出力手段9に接続されている。空気電池10において、負極2には、アルカリ金属のイオンを放出、又は、吸蔵・放出可能な物質(アルカリ金属の単体又は化合物。以下において「アルカリ金属」という。)が含有されている。また、筐体6の上面と酸素層5との空間8には、酸素含有ガスが充満している。
空気極1は、導電性材料、触媒、及び、これらを結着させる結着材を含有している。
負極2は、負極活物質として機能するアルカリ金属を含有している。また、負極2には、負極2の内部又は外面に当接して、負極2の集電を行う負極集電体(不図示)が設けられる。
電解質層3には、空気極1及び負極2の間でイオン(アルカリ金属のイオン)の伝導を担う電解質(液体又は固体)が収容される。
酸素層5は、筐体6内に存在する酸素ガスを、空気極1へと導く機能を担う。酸素層5は、空気極1へと導かれる空気の通り道であり、例えば、空気極1の内部又は外面に当接して、空気極1の集電を行う空気極集電体に備えられる孔が、酸素層5として機能する。すなわち、酸素層5は、空気極集電体5と表現することもできる。
筐体6には、発電部4、酸素層5、水素センサ7、及び、酸素含有ガスが少なくとも収容される。空気電池10において、筐体6は、その形状は特に限定されるものではない。筐体6の構成材料は、金属空気電池の筐体に使用可能な材料を適宜用いることができる。また、筐体6に収容される(空間8に存在させる)酸素含有ガスは、例えば、圧力が1.01×105Pa、酸素濃度が99.99%の酸素ガス等を用いることができる。
水素センサ7は、筐体6へと浸入した水と負極2に含有されているアルカリ金属とが反応することにより生成した水素を検知し、その結果を出力手段へと出力する。空気電池10において、水素センサ7は、当該機能を発揮し得るものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、接触燃焼式の水素センサや半導体式の水素センサのほか、マイクロ熱電式の水素センサ等、公知の水素センサを用いることができる。
出力手段9は、水素センサ7と無線又は有線で接続され、水素センサ7によって検知された水素濃度が閾値を超えている場合に、電子信号を出力する。空気電池10では、出力手段9によって出力された電子信号を通じて、筐体6への水の浸入を早期に認識することができる。
図2は、本発明の空気電池20の形態例を概略的に示す断面図である。図2において、空気電池10と同様の構成を採るものには、図1で使用した符号と同一の符号を付し、その説明を適宜省略する。
筐体21には、少なくとも、電解液22、構造体23、23、…、水素センサ7、及び、酸素含有ガスが収容される。空気電池20において、筐体21は、電解液22の枯渇を抑制するために筐体21の内側を密閉可能な構造を有していれば、その形状は特に限定されるものではない。筐体21の構成材料は、筐体6と同様の材料を用いることができる。また、筐体21に収容される(空間26に存在させる)酸素含有ガスは、例えば、圧力が1.01×105Pa、酸素濃度が99.99%の酸素ガス等を用いることができる。
電解液22は、空気極1、1、…及び負極2、2、…の間でイオンの伝導を担う。電解液22の具体例としては、電解質層3に用いることが可能な電解液と同様のものを挙げることができる。
構造体23は、酸素層24を境に一対の発電部4、4が左右対称に配置されている。かかる形態とすることにより、構造体23の単位体積当たりの出力(出力密度)を向上させることが容易になる。空気電池20において、電解液22の中に配置された発電部4、4、…を構成する空気極1、1、…及び負極2、2、…は、電気的に直列に接続されていてもよく、並列に接続されていても良い。何れの接続形態であっても、1つの負極2、又は、複数の負極2、2、…と水とが反応して水素が生成されれば、この水素は電解液22を通って空間26へと達するため、水素センサ7によって検知することができる。
酸素層24は、後述する酸素流路25を介して供給された酸素含有ガスを、空気極1、1へと導く機能を担う。酸素層24は、空気極1、1へと導かれる空気の通り道であり、例えば、空気極1、1の外面に当接して、空気極1、1の集電を行う空気極集電体に備えられる孔が、酸素層24として機能する。すなわち、酸素層24は、空気極集電体24と表現することもできる。
酸素流路25は、空間26に存在している酸素含有ガスを、酸素層24へと導く酸素の通り道である。このような機能を発揮可能であれば、酸素流路25の形態は特に限定されるものではない。酸素流路25は、例えば、筐体21と同様の材料によって作製された筒状部材によって構成することができる。
図3は、本発明の空気電池30の形態例を概略的に示す断面図である。図3の直線矢印は、酸素含有ガスの流通方向を示している。図3において、空気電池10と同様の構成を採るものには、図1で使用した符号と同一の符号を付し、その説明を適宜省略する。
流路31は、空気極36、36、…へと導かれる酸素含有ガスの通路である。流路31は、電解質層3、3、…に備えられる電解液と反応しない多孔質材料や、メッシュ状の筒状部材等によって構成することができる。流路31を流通させる酸素含有ガスは、例えば、圧力が1.01×105Pa、酸素濃度が99.99%の酸素ガス等を用いることができる。
構造体32は、左右端に配置された空気極36、36、中央に配置された負極37、及び、空気極36、36と負極37との間にそれぞれ配置された電解質層3、3を有し、空気極36、36及び負極37は電解質層3、3と接触している。かかる形態とすることにより、構造体32の単位体積当たりの出力(出力密度)を向上させることが容易になる。空気電池30において、空気極36、36、…及び負極37、37、…は、電気的に直列に接続されていてもよく、並列に接続されていても良い。何れの接続形態であっても、酸素出口35に設置された水素センサ7、及び、出力手段9を通じて、筐体33の内側への水の浸入を早期に検知することができる。
筐体33には、少なくとも、流路31、構造体32、32、…、及び、水素センサ7が収容され、さらに、流路31を流通する酸素の入口である酸素入口34、及び、流路31を流通した酸素の出口である酸素出口35を有している。筐体33の構成材料は、筐体6と同様の材料を用いることができる。
空気極36は、導電性材料、触媒、及び、これらを結着させる結着材を含有し、空気極36の内部又は外面に当接して、空気極36の集電を行う空気極集電体(不図示)が設けられる。空気極36に含有され得る導電性材料、触媒、及び、結着材の種類や含有量は、空気極1と同様にすることができる。
負極37は、負極活物質として機能するアルカリ金属を含有している。また、負極37には、負極37の内部又は外面に当接して、負極37の集電を行う負極集電体(不図示)が設けられる。負極37の構成材料は、負極2と同様にすることができる。
図4は、本発明の空気電池40の形態例を概略的に示す断面図である。図4の直線矢印は、酸素含有ガスの流通方向を示している。図4において、空気電池30と同様の構成を採るものには、図3で使用した符号と同一の符号を付し、その説明を適宜省略する。
流路41は、空気極36、36、…へと導かれる酸素含有ガスの通路である。流路41は、電解質層3、3、…に備えられる電解液と反応しない多孔質材料や、メッシュ状の筒状部材等によって構成することができる。流路41を流通させる酸素含有ガスは、例えば、圧力が1.01×105Pa、酸素濃度が99.99%の酸素ガス等を用いることができる。
管路42は、流路41における酸素含有ガス流通方向の最下流部に存在する酸素含有ガスを、流路41の酸素含有ガス流通方向の最上流部へと導く、酸素含有ガスの流路である。すなわち、管路42は、筐体43に収容された複数の構造体32、32、…に備えられる空気極36、36、…で使用されなかった酸素含有ガスを、流路41の酸素含有ガス流通方向の最上流部を流通する酸素含有ガスが供給される空気極36へと導く流路である。管路42の内周面には、流路41の酸素含有ガス流通方向の最下流部を流通する酸素含有ガスが供給される空気極36よりも酸素含有ガス流通方向の下流側に相当する位置に、水素センサ7が設置されている。かかる形態とすることにより、空気極36、36、…から排出された酸素含有ガスと共に流通してきた水素を、水素センサ7によって検知することができるので、早期に浸水を検知することが可能になる。
筐体43には、少なくとも、流路41、構造体32、32、…、管路42、及び、水素センサ7が収容される。筐体43の構成材料は、筐体6と同様の材料を用いることができる。
図5は、本発明の空気電池50の形態例を示す断面図である。図5の直線矢印は、酸素含有ガスの流通方向を示している。図5では、一部符号の記載を省略している。図5において、空気電池30と同様の構成を採るものには、図3で使用した符号と同一の符号を付し、その説明を適宜省略する。
流路51は、空気極36、36、…へと導かれる酸素含有ガスの通路である。流路51は、途中で複数の流路51x、51x、…に分岐し、分岐した流路51x、51x、…は再び集合する。複数の流路51x、51x、…の間には、構造体32、32、…がそれぞれ配設される。流路51は、電解質層3、3、…に備えられる電解液と反応しない多孔質材料や、メッシュ状の筒状部材等によって構成することができる。流路51を流通させる酸素含有ガスは、例えば、圧力が1.01×105Pa、酸素濃度が99.99%の酸素ガス等を用いることができる。このような形態の流路51を有する空気電池50によれば、空気電池30や空気電池40と比較して、各空気極36、36、…へと供給される酸素含有ガスの濃度(酸素含有ガス中の酸素濃度)のムラを低減することが可能になる。
筐体52には、少なくとも、流路51、構造体32、32、…、及び、水素センサ7が収容され、さらに、流路51を流通する酸素の入口である酸素入口53、及び、流路51を流通した酸素の出口である酸素出口54を有している。筐体52の構成材料は、筐体6と同様の材料を用いることができる。
図6は、本発明の空気電池60の形態例を示す断面図である。図6の直線矢印は、酸素含有ガスの流通方向を示している。図6では、一部符号の記載を省略している。図6において、空気電池30と同様の構成を採るものには、図3で使用した符号と同一の符号を付し、その説明を適宜省略する。
容器61は、電解質層3、3、…へと供給される電解液を蓄えている。容器61には、筐体33の側面へと取り付ける際に用いられる接続口が備えられ、筐体33に容器61が取り付けられると、当該接続口を介して、電解質層3、3へ向けて電解液が供給可能な状態とされる。容器61は、電解液と反応しない公知の材料によって構成することができる。
Claims (5)
- 酸素含有ガスが供給される空気極と、アルカリ金属を含む負極と、前記空気極及び前記負極の間でイオンの伝導を担う電解質を有する電解質層と、を備えた発電部、並びに、該発電部を収容する筐体を具備し、
前記筐体内に、水素検知手段が備えられていることを特徴とする、空気電池。 - 前記筐体は、前記酸素含有ガスを密閉することを特徴とする、請求の範囲第1項に記載の空気電池。
- 前記筐体は、前記空気極で使用されなかった前記酸素含有ガスを前記空気極へと導く流路を収容し、
前記流路に、前記水素検知手段が配設されていることを特徴とする、請求の範囲第1項又は第2項に記載の空気電池。 - 前記流路は管路であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲第3項に記載の空気電池。
- 前記筐体には、複数の前記発電部が収容されていることを特徴とする、請求の範囲第1項~第4項のいずれかに記載の空気電池。
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US13/146,143 US20110287329A1 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | Air battery |
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PCT/JP2009/054262 WO2010100749A1 (ja) | 2009-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | 空気電池 |
CN200980157499.4A CN102334228B (zh) | 2009-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | 空气电池 |
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- 2009-03-06 WO PCT/JP2009/054262 patent/WO2010100749A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-03-06 CN CN200980157499.4A patent/CN102334228B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-06 US US13/146,143 patent/US20110287329A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US9502742B2 (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2016-11-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical energy store |
JP2015516651A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2015-06-11 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトSiemens Aktiengesellschaft | 電気エネルギ蓄積器 |
WO2014021288A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 空気電池システム |
JP5924509B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2016-05-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 空気電池システム |
JP2015053122A (ja) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 空気電池システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110287329A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
JP5246326B2 (ja) | 2013-07-24 |
CN102334228A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
CN102334228B (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
JPWO2010100749A1 (ja) | 2012-09-06 |
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