WO2010098006A1 - 磁束量可変回転電機システム - Google Patents
磁束量可変回転電機システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010098006A1 WO2010098006A1 PCT/JP2009/071468 JP2009071468W WO2010098006A1 WO 2010098006 A1 WO2010098006 A1 WO 2010098006A1 JP 2009071468 W JP2009071468 W JP 2009071468W WO 2010098006 A1 WO2010098006 A1 WO 2010098006A1
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- magnetic
- armature
- magnetic flux
- pole
- magnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/046—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with rotating permanent magnets and stationary field winding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/38—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating flux distributors, and armatures and magnets both stationary
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine system including a generator and a motor having a permanent magnet field.
- Rotating electrical machines such as motors that produce relative rotation with the motor are energy efficient and are widely used on a daily basis with the technological advance of permanent magnets.
- an optimum output is not always obtained in a wide rotational speed range regardless of whether it is used as an electric motor or a generator.
- Another field control method for minimizing energy loss is to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the field magnet during operation of the rotating electrical machine, and there is a technical proposal of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-289300.
- This is a configuration in which the current excitation configuration in US Pat. No. 5,682,073 is replaced with a magnet excitation configuration capable of changing the magnetization.
- the field magnet is easily affected by the magnetic field of the armature coil, the excitation coil and the armature coil interfere with each other, the configuration is complicated, and the magnetic flux from the field magnet concentrates in the center, so the axial length
- the application is limited to a short rotating electrical machine.
- a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine system and a magnetic flux amount control method capable of optimally controlling an output by enabling strong and weak field control.
- the rotating electrical machine system has a configuration in which a rotor and an armature face each other via a radial gap.
- the rotor has island-shaped salient poles and magnetic salient poles alternately in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic flux from the excitation part hardly flows to the armature side via the island-shaped salient poles, and only via the magnetic salient poles.
- the island-shaped salient poles and the magnetic salient poles are excited in the same direction by the exciter to control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- the specific configuration is defined below.
- the armature and the rotor are configured to be relatively rotatable while facing each other through a radial gap.
- the armature has an armature coil in a circumferential direction on a surface facing the rotor, and the rotor is an armature.
- the island-shaped salient poles and the magnetic salient poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface opposite to each other, and further, with the excitation part, all the island-shaped salient poles and the magnetic salient poles are collectively in the same direction.
- the rotor has a separation member made of a permanent magnet and / or a non-magnetic material in at least the island-shaped salient pole so as to block the passage of magnetic flux from the outside, and the magnetic flux from the excitation unit is electrically connected via the island-shaped salient pole.
- the thickness of the separating member in the island-shaped salient pole is larger than the thickness of the separating member in the magnetic salient pole so that it does not flow to the child side.
- the shaped salient poles are configured to be magnetized substantially in the same radial direction.
- the excitation unit has at least one of an excitation coil and a field magnet, and both ends of the excitation unit are respectively connected to a rotor or armature disposed on the outermost periphery and a rotor or armature disposed on the innermost periphery.
- Each magnetically coupled magnetic flux from one end of the excitation unit is circulated to the other end of the excitation unit via the armature and the magnetic salient pole of the rotor.
- the amount of magnetic flux supplied from the excitation unit is changed in accordance with the output so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled.
- the rotor arranged on the outermost or innermost circumference has an island-shaped salient pole and a magnetic salient pole arranged on the magnetic substrate, and one end of the excitation unit is magnetically coupled to the magnetic substrate, and the outermost or innermost In the armature disposed around the circumference, the armature coil is disposed in the magnetic yoke, and one end of the excitation unit is magnetically coupled to the magnetic yoke.
- the armature and the magnetic salient pole are configured to form a magnetic path through which the magnetic flux from the excitation unit flows through the gap.
- the magnetic salient poles of the two rotors are armatures. It is set as the structure which opposes to a radial direction via.
- the armature coil is wound around the magnetic teeth extending in the radial direction, the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic teeth are separated from the magnetic flux of the two rotors according to the rotational position of the rotor. It is configured to flow intermittently through the poles and magnetic teeth.
- the magnetic flux from the excitation unit flows intermittently through the magnetic body teeth and the magnetic salient poles of the two armatures and is linked to the armature coil.
- the above rotary electric machine system has an armature and a rotor that are opposed to each other through a radial gap.
- One typical configuration is that the rotor and the armature face each other through one radial gap as follows. It is the structure to do. That is, the armature has an armature coil disposed on the magnetic yoke on the surface facing the rotor, and the rotor has an island-shaped salient pole and a magnetic salient pole on the magnetic substrate on the surface facing the armature. Alternatingly arranged in the circumferential direction, both ends of the excitation part are magnetically coupled to the magnetic yoke and the magnetic substrate, respectively.
- Still another configuration is a configuration in which an armature, a rotor, and an armature are arranged in this order. That is, the rotor has island-shaped salient poles and magnetic salient poles alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and each armature has an armature coil in the circumferential direction on the magnetic yoke on the surface facing the rotor. It arrange
- one of the specific structures of the island-shaped salient poles and magnetic salient poles which are the magnetic poles of the rotor, is to separate uniform magnetic bodies with permanent magnets or magnetic gaps.
- island-shaped salient poles and magnetic salient poles are formed, and the island-shaped salient poles are configured such that the magnetic flux from the exciting portion is less likely to flow than the magnetic salient poles.
- Still another specific configuration is a configuration in which the entire island-shaped salient pole is a permanent magnet as a separating member and the magnetic salient pole is a magnetic material.
- the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is close to the air gap, and the amount of magnetic flux from the magnetized permanent magnet is substantially constant. Therefore, a permanent magnet having a large thickness can be used as a bidirectional magnetic flux separation member.
- the island-shaped salient poles are made of magnetic materials that are magnetically separated, reluctance can be used in addition to the magnet torque.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the island-shaped salient pole to the armature is fixed, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the magnetic salient pole to the armature is variable by the excitation unit. In most cases, the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the magnetic salient pole to the armature is unbalanced, resulting in torque fluctuations or power generation waveform distortion.
- the armature is configured to suppress drive torque fluctuations or power generation voltage waveform distortion even when there is an imbalance in the amount of magnetic flux flowing from adjacent magnetic poles to the armature.
- the armature is arranged with the armature coil in the circumferential direction, and is grouped into the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group.
- the armature coils belonging to the same phase to which the drive current is supplied at the same timing are arranged so that when one faces the island-shaped salient pole, the other faces the magnetic salient pole.
- they are connected so as to generate magnetic fluxes in opposite directions when a current is passed.
- the armature coil can be either wound around a magnetic tooth or has an air core.
- One of the specific configurations of the armature is that the armature having the first armature magnetic pole group and the armature having the second armature magnetic pole group are opposed to the rotor, respectively.
- the armature coils belonging to the same phase are arranged so that one of them faces the island-shaped salient pole and the other faces the magnetic salient pole, and generates magnetic fluxes in opposite directions. Are connected in series.
- one of the specific configurations of the armature is that the armature has armature coils of the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group at different positions in the circumferential direction.
- the armature coils belonging to the same phase are arranged so that when one of them faces the island-shaped salient pole, the other faces the magnetic salient pole and generates magnetic fluxes in opposite directions. Connected in series.
- one of the specific configurations of the excitation unit is a configuration having a field magnet that can be changed in magnetization.
- the exciting part has a field magnet and an exciting coil for changing the magnetization of the field magnet, and the magnetic flux flowing from either the N pole or the S pole of the field magnet is arranged on the innermost circumference.
- a rotor or an armature, a rotor and / or an armature arranged in the middle, a rotor or an armature arranged at the outermost periphery, and the other magnetic pole of the field magnet is circulated,
- a magnetizing current is supplied to the exciting coil in accordance with the output to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the field magnet, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled.
- the field magnet is composed of one or more magnet elements having different magnetization easiness in parallel, or a magnet whose easiness of magnetization, that is, the product of length and coercive force changes continuously in the cross section.
- the magnetomotive force (magnetic potential difference) is applied almost evenly to the magnet elements constituting the field magnet by the exciting coil, and the value obtained by dividing the magnetomotive force by the length becomes the magnetic field strength applied to each magnet element, so the length and coercive force Magnet elements having a small product are easily magnetized, and the magnetization states of magnet elements having different ease of magnetization are selectively controlled by the current applied to the exciting coil.
- the magnet element has the first magnetization or the second magnetization that are opposite to each other.
- the magnet element that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the island-shaped salient pole is the first magnetization.
- the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil increases. Therefore, increasing the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization increases the magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil. The amount will increase.
- the saturation magnetic flux densities of the magnetic body and the magnet element that connect the magnet elements in parallel it is desirable to set the saturation magnetic flux densities of the magnetic body and the magnet element that connect the magnet elements in parallel to be approximately equal. Otherwise, the magnetic flux from the thick magnet element is concentrated on the thin magnet element, and the thin magnet element may be demagnetized. If the magnetic flux is concentrated above the saturation magnetic flux density, the magnetic resistance is increased, so that concentration of the magnetic flux is avoided.
- the magnetic flux induced by the armature coil circulates through the vicinity of the armature and the rotor surface and does not pass through the field magnet, so it is not easily affected by the armature coil.
- the field magnet has a low holding force or thickness. A small magnet can be used, and the magnetizing state of the field magnet can be easily controlled by the exciting coil. In the configuration in which the armature coil is wound around the magnetic teeth, the distribution of the magnetic flux induced by the armature coil is further localized, and the influence on the field magnet can be reduced.
- one of the specific configurations of the excitation unit is a configuration based on current excitation.
- the excitation unit has an excitation coil and an excitation magnetic path member.
- One end of the excitation magnetic path member is a rotor or armature disposed on the outermost periphery, and the other end of the excitation magnetic path member is a rotation disposed on the innermost periphery.
- It is magnetically coupled to the child or armature, and the exciting coil is configured to induce magnetic flux in the magnetic path via the exciting magnetic path member, the magnetic salient pole, and the armature, so as to optimize the output of the rotating electric machine device.
- an exciting current is supplied to the exciting coil to control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- one of the specific configurations of the excitation unit is a configuration in which a magnetic flux by a field magnet capable of changing magnetization and a magnetic flux by current excitation are superimposed.
- the excitation unit has an excitation coil and a field magnet that can change magnetization, and supplies a magnetic flux adjustment current that does not cause an irreversible magnetization change in the field magnet to the excitation coil in each magnetization state of the field magnet.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is adjusted by superimposing the induced magnetic flux on the magnetic flux from the field magnet.
- the magnetization change of the field magnet is performed intermittently in most cases, resulting in discrete control of the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is precisely controlled by superimposing the magnetic flux induced by the exciting coil on the magnetic flux from the field magnet in each magnetization state of the field magnet.
- a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a radial gap, a configuration in which one rotor and armature are arranged in a radial direction, a configuration in which a plurality of rotors and armatures are arranged in a radial direction, and a rotor and an armature are conical
- the rotating electrical machine is an electric motor if the current to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output, and the rotating electrical machine is a generator if the current is output from the armature coil by receiving the rotational force.
- the rotating electrical machine system of the present invention is applied to both the electric motor and the generator.
- FIG. 3A and 3B show an enlarged view of a cross section of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 2 and the flow of magnetic flux.
- 4 (a), 4 (b), and 4 (c) are longitudinal sectional views of the upper half of the exciting part of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. The magnetization state of the magnet area 42 is shown.
- FIG. 4B shows a magnetization state when the magnetization region of the field magnet region 41 is reduced.
- FIG. 4C shows a magnetization state when the magnetization region of the field magnet region 41 is increased.
- FIG. 6 It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system which performs magnetic flux amount control. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 2nd Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. The surface magnetic pole part 63 shown by FIG. 6 and the enlarged view of the cross section of an armature, and the flow of magnetic flux are shown. 9 (a), 9 (b), and 9 (c) are longitudinal sectional views of the upper half of the exciting portion of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. The two magnet elements 66 are both in the first magnetization state. FIG.
- FIG. 9B shows a state where the first magnet element 65 is in the first magnetization and the second magnet element 66 is in the second magnetization.
- FIG. 9C shows a state in which the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are both in the second magnetization.
- It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 3rd Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. The surface magnetic pole part shown by FIG. 11, the enlarged view of an armature cross section, and the flow of magnetic flux are shown. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 4th Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG.
- FIG. 15 shows an enlarged view of a cross section of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 14 and the flow of excitation magnetic flux.
- FIG. 15 shows an enlarged view of a cross section of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 14 and the flow of excitation magnetic flux.
- the connection state of the armature coil and drive circuit shown in FIG. 15 is shown. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by the 5th Example. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system by a 6th Example.
- the first embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system in which two armatures face the rotor and the magnetization state of the field magnet can be continuously changed.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13.
- the rotor has a surface magnetic pole portion 18, field magnetic poles 1a and 1b, a field magnet 19, and a support 1e.
- Two armatures are arranged in the axial direction so as to face the rotor, and the left armature is a first armature magnetic pole group having a magnetic tooth 14, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and an armature coil 16, and the right armature.
- the excitation part is divided and arranged in the housing side and the rotor at both ends of the rotor.
- a field magnet 19 having a continuously changing radial thickness is disposed between the field poles 1a and 1b in the rotor, and the field pole 1a is connected to the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 on the right side of the rotor.
- the exciting coil 1c is an annular magnetic core 1d, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, a magnetic tooth 14 (17), a surface magnetic pole portion 18, a field magnetic pole 1b, a field magnet 19, It arrange
- the number 1f indicates a non-magnetic material
- the arrow in the field magnet 19 indicates the direction of magnetization.
- the annular magnetic core, excitation coil, and field magnet arranged on the left end side of the rotor are not numbered, but have the same configuration.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along AA ′ in FIG. 1, and some of the components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship.
- island-like salient poles 21 and magnetic salient poles 22 each having a shape projecting in the radial direction are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
- a permanent magnet 23 is disposed on the inner periphery of the island-shaped salient pole 21, and a permanent magnet 24 and a magnetic plate 25 are disposed on the inner periphery of the magnetic salient pole 22.
- the magnetization directions of the adjacent permanent magnets 23 and 24 are opposite to each other, and the island-shaped salient pole 21 and the magnetic salient pole 22 are magnetized to the N pole and the S pole, respectively.
- the arrows in the permanent magnets 23 and 24 indicate the direction of magnetization.
- the permanent magnet 23 and the permanent magnet 24 are separation members, and the thickness of the permanent magnet 23 is set to be larger than the thickness of the permanent magnet 24, and the island-shaped salient pole 21 is set so that the magnetic flux from the exciting part is difficult to pass through.
- the magnetic plate 25 is a magnetic body having substantially the same specific gravity as the permanent magnets 23 and 24, and is arranged so as not to impair the weight balance of the rotor.
- the island-shaped salient poles 21 and the magnetic salient poles 22 are formed by punching and laminating silicon steel plates with a predetermined mold as a structure connected by a narrow saturable magnetic part, and are permanently formed in slots provided in the silicon steel plates. Magnets 23 and 24 and a magnetic plate 25 are inserted.
- the field poles 1a and 1b are made of a dust core and propagate magnetic flux from the excitation unit.
- FIG. 2 a cross-sectional view of the second armature magnetic pole group is shown, and a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12 and extending from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 in the radial direction and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction. It is composed of a plurality of magnetic teeth 17 and an armature coil 26 wound around the magnetic teeth 17. A saturable magnetic coupling portion 27 that is short in the radial direction is provided between the tips of the adjacent magnetic teeth 17 at the tips of the magnetic teeth 17 of the armature. The magnetic material teeth 17 and the saturable magnetic material coupling portion 27 are laminated by punching a silicon steel plate with a mold, wound with the armature coil 26, and then combined with the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 composed of a dust core.
- the armature shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration in which the armature coil 26 and the magnetic teeth 17 belonging to the second armature magnetic pole group are arranged in the circumferential direction.
- U′-phase, V′-phase, and W′-phase armature coils are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction, and 12 armature coils are arranged for the 8 poles of the rotor.
- the armature arranged on the left side has a first armature magnetic pole group, and the configuration is the same as the second armature magnetic pole group shown in FIG. 2, and belongs to the first armature magnetic pole group.
- U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction, and twelve armature coils are arranged for eight poles of the rotor.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show a case where the excitation unit increases the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coils 16 and 26 as compared with the case where only the permanent magnets 23 and 24 are used.
- the armature coils of the first armature magnetic pole group are the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils 16 as armature coils 31, 32, and 33, respectively.
- the armature coils 26 of the second armature magnetic pole group are shown as armature coils 34, 35 and 36, respectively, as U′-phase, V′-phase and W′-phase armature coils.
- the U-phase armature coil 31 faces the island-shaped salient pole 21
- the U′-phase armature coil 34 is arranged so as to be biased to face the magnetic salient pole 22.
- the U-phase armature coil 31 and the U′-phase armature coil 34 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions when a current is passed.
- the V-phase armature coil 32 and the V′-phase armature coil 35, the W-phase armature coil 33 and the W′-phase armature coil 36 are also arranged and connected in the same manner, and are connected to three phases as a whole. ing.
- a dotted line 37 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 23 and 24 as a representative.
- the magnetic flux 37 generated from the N pole of the permanent magnet 23 is an island-shaped salient pole 21, magnetic material teeth 14, cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, adjacent magnetic material teeth 14, permanent magnet 24, magnetic properties. It returns to the south pole of the permanent magnet 23 via the body salient pole 22.
- the magnetic flux 37 generated from the N pole of the permanent magnet 23 is an island-shaped salient pole 21, magnetic material teeth 17, cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, adjacent magnetic material teeth 17, permanent magnet 24, magnetic properties. It returns to the south pole of the permanent magnet 23 via the body salient pole 22.
- Magnetic flux 37 is U-phase armature coil 3 1 is opposite to the direction linked to the U′-phase armature coil 34, and the direction in which the magnetic flux 37 is linked to the V-phase armature coil 32 is the V′-phase armature coil.
- the direction of interlinkage with the child coil 35 is opposite to each other, and the direction of the magnetic flux 37 interlinking with the W-phase armature coil 33 is opposite to the direction of interlinking with the W′-phase armature coil 36. is there.
- the induced voltage due to the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 23 and 24 is correctly synthesized as a three-phase induced voltage, and even if the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the island-shaped salient pole 21 and the magnetic salient pole 22 is unbalanced, the three-phase Does not appear in the voltage output.
- the magnetic flux from the exciting part flows between the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and the field pole 1a as indicated by numeral 38, but the thickness of the permanent magnet 23 is permanent. Since the thickness is set to be larger than the thickness of the magnet 24, the magnetic flux 38 hardly flows through the island-shaped salient pole 21, but flows exclusively between the magnetic salient pole 22 and the magnetic teeth. In general, when a permanent magnet exists in the middle of a magnetic path, the saturation magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is constant, and the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is close to the air gap.
- a permanent magnet can be used as a magnetic flux separation member for the magnetic flux.
- the permanent magnets 23 and 24 close to the armature are composed of neodymium magnets (NdFeB) having a large coercive force, and the magnetic flux 38 from the exciting part affects the magnetization state of the permanent magnets 23 and 24. Is not strong.
- the amount of magnetic flux that the excitation unit interlinks with the armature coil. Is increased from the case of the permanent magnets 23 and 24 alone.
- the excitation unit reduces the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil from the case of only the permanent magnets 23 and 24. Become.
- the magnetic flux 38 flows exclusively through the armature via the magnetic salient pole 22, and the voltage induced in each armature coil is not uniform.
- the armature coils belonging to the same phase to which the drive current is supplied at the same timing in the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group when one is opposed to the island-shaped salient pole 21, the other is Opposite to the magnetic salient poles 22 are connected in series so as to generate a magnetic flux in the opposite direction when a current is passed. Therefore, fluctuations in driving torque or distortion in the generated voltage waveform are suppressed.
- a field magnet 19 is arranged in which the gap length between the field poles 1a and 1b gradually changes in the axial direction and the thickness in the radial direction changes continuously. That is, the field magnet 19 is a parallel connection of magnet elements having different lengths.
- the magnetic potential difference magnetictomotive force
- the magnetic potential difference is substantially the same in the axial direction, and the value obtained by dividing the magnetic potential difference by the gap length in each magnet element. Is applied.
- the permanent magnets 23 and 24 arranged in the vicinity of the island-shaped salient poles and the magnetic salient poles and the field magnet are both made of a permanent magnet material.
- the permanent magnets 23 and 24 have a driving magnetic flux generated by an armature coil. Therefore, the product of thickness and coercive force is composed of a neodymium magnet having a large thickness, and the product of thickness and coercive force is set so that the field magnet is changed in magnetization by the exciting coil.
- the minimum value of the thickness of the field magnet is larger than the sum of the gap length between the magnetic teeth 17 and the magnetic salient poles 22 and the gap length between the annular magnetic core 1d and the field pole 1a, and the magnet element having a large thickness. It is desirable that the magnetic flux from the magnetic flux is not easily concentrated on the magnet element having a small thickness. Furthermore, it is desirable that the field poles 1a and 1b are made of a magnetic material having a saturation magnetic flux density substantially equal to the saturation magnetic flux density of the magnet elements constituting the field magnet. Since the magnetic resistance of the field poles 1a and 1b increases with respect to the magnetic flux concentration equal to or higher than the saturation magnetic flux density, the magnetic flux from the magnet element having a large thickness is difficult to concentrate on the magnet element having a small thickness.
- the field magnet 19 has a configuration in which magnet elements having different easiness of magnetization are connected in parallel between the field poles 1a and 1b.
- the width of the magnetized region is changed by the magnitude of the magnetizing current applied to the exciting coil 1c, and the magnetized direction is changed by the polarity of the magnetizing current.
- regions having different magnetization directions coexist in the field magnet 19, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side changes by changing the magnetic pole area of each magnetization region.
- the exciting magnetic flux flows from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 to the field pole 1b side, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coils 16 and 26 is effectively increased. Therefore, the magnetization in the inner diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization, and the magnetization in the outer diameter direction corresponds to the second magnetization.
- FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b), and 4 (c) are diagrams showing the upper half of the longitudinal sectional view in the vicinity of the field magnet, and the step of changing the magnetization state of the field magnet 19 will be described.
- the field magnet region 41 indicates the first magnetization
- the field magnet region 42 indicates the second magnetization. Since all the magnet elements having a coercive force smaller than the magnetic field strength applied in the field magnet by the exciting coil 1c are magnetized in the same direction, the magnetization state of the field magnet is changed as follows.
- the magnetic pole area of the field magnet region 41 that is the first magnetization is reduced, the magnetic pole area of the field magnet region 42 that is the second magnetization is expanded. Since the field magnet region 42 is shorter in the radial direction than the field magnet region 41, in order to reduce the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization from the state of FIG. A magnetizing current having polarity is applied to the exciting coil 1c. That is, a magnetizing current having an amplitude and a polarity for magnetizing the increased field magnet region 42 in the direction of the second magnetization is applied to the exciting coil 1c.
- a hatched portion 43 in the field magnet region 42 in FIG. 4B indicates an increase in the field magnet region 42 (a decrease in the field magnet region 41).
- the region corresponding to the expanded magnetic pole area of the first magnetization is set in the direction of the first magnetization in the field magnet portion having the shortest radial length.
- a magnetizing current having an amplitude and a polarity to be magnetized is applied to the exciting coil 1c.
- a hatched portion 44 in FIG. 4C shows an increase in the first magnetization.
- the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization is the sum of the magnetic pole area of the field magnet region 41 and the magnetic pole area of the shaded portion 44.
- the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coils 16 and 26 changes the magnetic pole surface area of the first and second magnetization regions in the field magnet 19 by changing the amplitude and polarity of the magnetization current supplied to the exciting coil 1c. It is controlled by.
- the relationship between the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature and the magnetizing current supplied to the exciting coil 1c is set as map data at the design stage.
- map data is corrected.
- the characteristics of magnetic materials are easily affected by temperature, and if there are concerns about the effects of changes over time, the magnetizing current applied during operation and the resulting magnetization state of the field magnet are monitored, and the operation of the rotating electrical machine is monitored. Information for correcting the map data can be acquired in a learning manner. Although it is difficult to directly grasp the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be estimated with reference to the induced voltage appearing in the armature coils 16 and 26.
- the amplitude of the induced voltage appearing in the armature coils 16 and 26 is proportional to the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coils 16 and 26 and the rotation speed.
- the amount of change in the amplitude of the induced voltage is smaller than the target value as a result of adding the magnetizing current to the exciting coil 1c so as to increase the magnetic pole surface area of the field magnet region 91, the amplitude of the magnetizing current under the same condition is increased.
- the parameter related to the magnetizing current is corrected so as to reduce the amplitude of the magnetizing current under the same conditions.
- the magnetization state of the field magnet 19 can be continuously changed. However, when the magnetization state is changed intermittently, the magnetization state of the field magnet 19 is changed substantially discretely. Will be.
- a magnetic flux adjustment current that does not change the magnetization state of the field magnet 19 is supplied to the exciting coil 1c to generate a magnetic flux, which is superimposed on the magnetic flux generated by the field magnet 19 and the permanent magnets 23, 24. Controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the child.
- the adjusting magnetic flux mainly flows in a region where the thickness of the field magnet 19 is small.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a rotating electrical machine system that performs magnetic flux amount control.
- the rotating electrical machine 51 has an input 52 and an output 53, and the control device 55 receives the output signal 53 of the rotating electrical machine 51 and the status signal 54 including the rotor position, temperature, etc. as an input and outputs a control signal 56.
- the amount of magnetic flux is controlled via Reference numeral 57 denotes a drive circuit for supplying a drive current to the armature coils 16 and 26. If the rotating electrical machine 51 is used as a generator, the input 52 is a rotational force and the output 53 is generated power.
- the input 52 is a driving current supplied from the driving circuit 57 to the armature coils 16 and 26, and the output 53 is a rotating torque and a rotating speed.
- the control signal 56 controls the changeover switch 58, the magnetization control circuit 5a, and the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59.
- the magnetization control circuit 5a is connected by the changeover switch 58 to the exciting coil 1c.
- a magnetic flux adjusting circuit 59 is connected to the exciting coil 1c by connecting the magnetic flux adjusting circuit 59 with the changeover switch 58. Supply.
- the amount of magnetic flux is controlled to optimally control the rotational force.
- a magnetic flux adjustment current having a polarity that increases the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is positive.
- the control device 55 reduces the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 when the rotational speed of the output 53 is greater than a predetermined value and reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- the magnetization current in the direction of increasing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the exciting coil 1c, and the magnetic pole of the first magnetization
- the magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature is reduced by decreasing the area and increasing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization.
- a magnetization current having an amplitude and a polarity for magnetizing the expanded field magnet region 42 in the direction of the second magnetization is applied to the exciting coil 1c.
- a hatched portion 43 in the field magnet region 42 in FIG. 4B indicates an increase in the field magnet region 42 (a decrease in the field magnet region 41).
- the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 increases the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied to the exciting coil 1c to increase the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- the magnetic flux adjustment current is larger than a predetermined value, a magnetization current in a direction increasing the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the exciting coil 1c to increase the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by reducing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization. For example, in order to increase the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization in the state of FIG. 4A, a region corresponding to the expansion of the first magnetization in the field magnet region 42 (the hatched portion 44 in FIG. 4C). ) Is supplied to the exciting coil 1c.
- the magnetic flux adjustment current is supplied to the field control and the current excitation is used together.
- the magnetic flux adjustment current is for fine adjustment in each magnetization state of the field magnet and is not a large current, so that the energy efficiency is increased. There is no loss.
- a constant voltage power generation system that controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage by controlling the amount of magnetic flux when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described.
- the control device 55 reduces the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 when the generated voltage, which is the output 53, is larger than a predetermined value and reduces the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- the magnetization current in the direction of increasing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the exciting coil 1c, and the magnetic pole of the first magnetization
- the magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature is reduced by decreasing the area and increasing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization.
- the control device 55 increases the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 when the generated voltage as the output 53 becomes smaller than a predetermined value and increases the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, and the magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- a magnetization current in a direction to increase the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the exciting coil 1c, and the magnetic pole of the first magnetization
- the magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by increasing the area and decreasing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization.
- the exciting magnetic flux for changing the magnetization of the field magnet is linked with the armature coil, and a voltage is induced in the armature coil.
- the voltage amplitude appearing in the armature coil can be suppressed to a small value by the excitation current having a waveform with a gradual change as much as possible (synonymous with a waveform in which the frequency spectrum is concentrated on the low frequency side).
- a raised cosine pulse, a Gaussian pulse, or the like as a current waveform supplied to the exciting coil is effective for suppressing the voltage amplitude appearing in the armature coil.
- the thickness of the field magnet changes continuously in the axial direction, but either a configuration in which the thickness changes in the circumferential direction or a configuration in which a plurality of magnet elements having discretely different thicknesses are interposed between the magnetic bodies can be adopted. It is.
- the field magnet of the present embodiment is configured by parallel connection of magnet elements having different thicknesses
- a field magnet having the same function can be configured by parallel connection of magnet elements having different coercive forces with a constant thickness.
- the magnetic resistance is the same when each magnet element is regarded as an air gap, so magnetic flux concentration on a magnet element with a small thickness is avoided, and the above configuration can be easily achieved by connecting magnet elements of different permanent magnet materials in parallel. realizable.
- the second embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure, and the excitation unit is disposed on the stationary side of the rotating electrical machine.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13.
- the armature has a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, magnetic body teeth 61, and an armature coil 62.
- the rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 63, a cylindrical magnetic core 64, and a support 1e, and rotates together with the rotary shaft 11.
- island-shaped salient poles embedded in a cylindrical magnetic substrate and magnetic salient poles that are a part of the magnetic substrate are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
- the exciting portions are arranged on the housing side at both ends of the rotor, and are configured to flow magnetic flux between the cylindrical magnetic core 64 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 by being magnetically coupled to the cylindrical magnetic core 64 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 respectively. Has been.
- the exciting part facing the right end of the cylindrical magnetic core 64 via a minute gap includes a field pole 6a, a field pole 68, a first magnet element 65, a second magnet element 66, and an exciting coil 67.
- the field magnet is composed of a first magnet element 65 and a second magnet element 66, and each of the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 has a magnetic pole surface area so that a substantially equal amount of magnetic flux flows to the armature side.
- Parameters such as saturation magnetic flux density are set.
- Arrows in the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 indicate the direction of magnetization.
- Reference numeral 69 denotes a conductor layer arranged so as to go around the rotary shaft 11 and is provided to reduce the inductance of the exciting coil 67 and concentrate the magnetic flux in the exciting magnetic path.
- the number is not attached to the constituent member of the excitation part on the left end side of the cylindrical magnetic core 64, it is assumed that the same number is used for the same type of member because of the same configuration.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line B-B ′ in FIG. 6, and some of the components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship.
- island-shaped salient poles 71 and magnetic salient poles 72 are formed by permanent magnets arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction on a cylindrical magnetic substrate, and the circumferential magnetization of adjacent permanent magnets is Inverted, the island-shaped salient pole 71 and the magnetic salient pole 72 are magnetized differently from each other.
- the island-shaped salient pole 71 and the magnetic salient pole 72 are magnetized to the N pole and the S pole, respectively, and face the armature.
- Permanent magnets on both sides of the island-shaped salient pole 71 are permanent magnets 73 and 75, respectively, and arrows in the permanent magnets 73 and 75 indicate magnetization directions. Further, a non-magnetic material 74 as a separation member is disposed in the island-shaped salient pole 71 so that the magnetic flux from the excitation part does not easily pass. Therefore, the island-shaped salient pole 21 is a portion separated in an island shape by the permanent magnets 23 and 25 and the non-magnetic body 24.
- the magnetic salient pole 72 is connected to the cylindrical magnetic core 64 on the inner peripheral side, and the magnetic flux from the exciting part can pass in the radial direction. That is, no separation member is disposed between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic substrate.
- the island-shaped salient pole 71 and the magnetic salient pole 72 are configured by punching and laminating silicon steel plates with a predetermined mold as a structure connected by a narrow saturable magnetic part. Permanent magnets 73 and 75 are inserted into slots provided in the punched silicon steel plate, and a stainless steel block which is a nonmagnetic material is inserted into the nonmagnetic material 74.
- the cylindrical magnetic core 64 is composed of a soft iron block and propagates the magnetic flux from the excitation unit in the axial direction. It is also possible to configure the island-shaped salient pole 71, the magnetic salient pole 72, and the cylindrical magnetic core 64 integrally with a dust core having a large specific resistance.
- the armature is wound around the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, a plurality of magnetic teeth 61 extending radially from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic teeth 61.
- a saturable magnetic coupling portion 76 that is short in the radial direction is disposed between adjacent magnetic teeth 61 at the tips of the magnetic teeth 61 of the armature.
- the magnetic teeth 61 and the saturable magnetic coupling portion 76 are laminated by punching out a silicon steel plate with a mold, wound around the armature coil 62, and then combined with the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 composed of a dust core. It is a child.
- the saturable magnetic material coupling portion 76 mechanically connects adjacent magnetic material teeth 61 to improve the support strength of the magnetic material teeth 61 and suppress unnecessary vibration of the magnetic material teeth 61.
- the length of the saturable magnetic coupling portion 76 in the radial direction is set to be short and easily magnetically saturated, so that it is easily saturated by the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 or the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet. In this case, the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 62 and the short circuit of the magnetic flux are set to a small amount.
- the saturable magnetic coupling portion 76 When a current is supplied to the armature coil 62, the saturable magnetic coupling portion 76 is magnetically saturated with time and leaks magnetic flux to the periphery, but the effective magnetic saturation appears in the magnetically saturated saturable magnetic coupling portion 76. Since the boundary of the magnetic gap is not clear, the distribution of the magnetic flux that leaks becomes gentle, and the saturable magnetic coupling portion 76 also contributes to vibration suppression by slowing the time change of the force applied to the magnetic teeth 61 in this respect. .
- the armature coil 62 and the magnetic teeth 61 belonging to the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction.
- U-phase, V-phase, W-phase, U′-phase, V′-phase, W′-phase armature coils are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction, and 24 armature coils are arranged for the eight magnetic poles of the rotor. ing.
- the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils belong to the first armature magnetic pole group, and the U′-phase, V′-phase, and W′-phase armature coils belong to the second armature magnetic pole group.
- the U phase and the U 'phase, the V phase and the V' phase, and the W phase and the W 'phase are the same phase.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged view showing the cross section of the surface magnetic pole part 63 and the armature of the rotor shown in FIG. 7, and shows the flow of magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 73 and 75 and the excitation part.
- FIG. 8 shows a case where the excitation unit increases the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 62 as compared with the case of the permanent magnets 73 and 75 alone.
- the armature coils of the first armature magnetic pole group are the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils, respectively.
- U′-phase, V′-phase, and W′-phase armature coils are shown as armature coils 84, 85, and 86, respectively.
- the U′-phase armature coil 84 is configured to face the magnetic salient pole 72 when the U-phase armature coil 81 faces the island-shaped salient pole 71. In this case, in the magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnets 73 and 75, the direction of the magnetic flux interlinking with the U-phase armature coil 81 and the direction interlinking with the U′-phase armature coil 84 are opposite to each other.
- the U-phase armature coil 81 and the U′-phase armature coil 34 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions when a current is applied.
- the V-phase armature coil 82 and the V′-phase armature coil 85, the W-phase armature coil 83 and the W′-phase armature coil 86 are also arranged and connected in the same manner, and are connected to three phases as a whole. ing.
- a dotted line 87 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 73 and 75 as a representative.
- the direction in which the magnetic flux 87 is linked to the U-phase armature coil 81 is opposite to the direction in which the magnetic flux 87 is linked to the U′-phase armature coil 84, and the magnetic flux 87 is linked to the V-phase armature coil 82.
- the direction in which the magnetic flux 87 is linked to the armature coil 85 of the V ′ phase is opposite to the direction of the armature coil 85 in the V ′ phase.
- the direction of interlinkage is opposite to each other.
- the induced voltage due to the magnetic flux 87 from the permanent magnets 73 and 75 is correctly synthesized as a three-phase induced voltage, and between the island-shaped salient poles 71 and the magnetic salient poles 72 that are adjacent salient poles. Even if there is an imbalance, the three-phase voltage output waveform is not affected.
- the magnetic flux from the exciting part is indicated by reference numeral 88 and is blocked by the non-magnetic material 74 and does not flow through the island-shaped salient pole 71 but flows exclusively through the magnetic material salient pole 72 in the radial direction.
- the magnetic flux 88 and the magnetic flux 87 are the W-phase armature coil 83 and the U′-phase armature coil 84.
- V ′ phase armature coils 85 are linked in the same direction.
- the excitation unit is in a state of increasing the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil as compared with the case of the permanent magnets 73 and 75 alone.
- the direction in which the magnetic flux 88 flows is opposite to that in FIG. 8, the magnetic flux amount interlinked with the armature coil by the exciter is reduced from that of the permanent magnets 73 and 75 alone.
- the magnetic flux 88 from the excitation part flows exclusively in the radial direction via the magnetic salient pole 72, and the voltage induced in each armature coil is not uniform.
- the armature coils of the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction and belong to the same phase to which the drive current is supplied at the same timing.
- one is opposed to the magnetic salient pole 71 when one is opposed to the island-shaped salient pole 71 and is connected in series so as to generate a magnetic flux in the opposite direction when a current is passed. . Therefore, fluctuations in driving torque or distortion in the generated voltage waveform are suppressed.
- FIG. 9 (a), 9 (b) and 9 (c) show the upper half of the longitudinal sectional view of the exciting part facing the right end of the rotor, and the different magnetization states of the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are shown in FIG. Respectively.
- the first magnet element 65, the second magnet element 66, the excitation coil 67, the field poles 6 a and 68, and the conductor layer 69 that constitute the main part of the excitation unit have a shape that circulates around the rotating shaft 11.
- An exciting coil 67 is arranged so as to induce a magnetic flux in a closed magnetic path constituted by the field magnetic pole 6a, the first magnet element 65, the field magnetic pole 68, and the second magnet element 66.
- the magnetic flux from the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 is composed of a field pole 68, a cylindrical magnetic core 64, a magnetic salient pole 72, a magnetic substance tooth 61, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and a field pole 6a.
- the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are connected in parallel to the main magnetic path.
- the magnetization of the magnet element that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole 72 to the S pole is the first magnetization.
- the magnetization in the reverse direction becomes the second magnetization.
- the first magnet element 65 corresponds to the first magnetization
- the second magnet element 66 corresponds to the second magnetization, which constitutes a closed magnetic path in the excitation unit and the magnetic flux is supplied to the outside.
- the magnetic field intensity required for the magnetization change is H1
- the thickness is L1
- the second magnet element 66 is the thickness L2
- the magnetic field intensity required for the magnetization change is H2
- the relationship between these parameters is as follows. It is set like this. That is, L1 is set smaller than L2, and H1 * L1 is set larger than H2 * (L1 + L2).
- the product of the peak value of the magnetizing current supplied to the exciting coil 67 and the number of turns of the coil is defined as AT, and the AT for changing the magnetization of each magnet element is set as follows.
- the AT that changes the magnetization of the first magnet element 65 is greater than H1 * L1
- the AT that changes the magnetization of the second magnet element 66 is less than H1 * L1 and greater than H2 * (L1 + L2).
- the polarity of the magnetizing current is set according to the direction in which each magnet element is magnetized.
- the exciting coil 67 is disposed in an exciting magnetic path formed by connecting the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 in series, the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 have substantially the same magnetic field strength. In addition, since the magnetic field intensity required for each magnetization change is different, the magnetization states of the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are controlled.
- a neodymium magnet (NdFeB) is applied to the first magnet element 65 and an alnico magnet (AlNiCo) is applied to the second magnet element 66 to constitute a magnet element that meets the above conditions.
- the second magnet element 66 when the magnetization of the first magnet element 65 is changed, the second magnet element 66 is always magnetized promptly according to the direction of the exciting magnetic flux induced by the exciting coil 67, and the magnetic resistance to the exciting magnetic flux is small.
- the magnetization direction of the second magnet element 66 is changed, if the direction of the excitation magnetic flux is the same as the magnetization direction of the first magnet element 65, the magnetic resistance to the excitation magnetic flux is naturally small, and the direction of the excitation magnetic flux is When the direction of magnetization of the element 65 is opposite, the length L1 is small, so that the reluctance of the exciting magnetic path in which the first magnet element 65 is regarded as a gap is small.
- the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 become a part of another exciting magnetic path.
- the cylindrical magnetic core 64 is composed of a soft iron block so that the alternating magnetic flux does not easily flow. Since the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path to the alternating magnetic flux is large, the pulsed exciting magnetic flux induced by the exciting coil 67 is the main magnetic path. Is difficult to flow.
- the magnetic field strength required for magnetization is about 2400 kA / m (kiloampere / meter), and the magnetic field strength required for magnetization of the alnico magnet (AlNiCo) is about 240 kA / m.
- an exciting magnetic flux is induced in a circuit in which the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are connected in series, so that each magnet element needs to have a different coercive force.
- Each magnet element is composed of magnets of different materials, and the ease of magnetization of each magnet element is adjusted by the product of coercive force and thickness.
- the magnetic flux induced by the armature coil 62 mainly flows in the vicinity of the magnetic salient pole 72, the island-shaped salient pole 71, the magnetic substance tooth 61, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and the like.
- the possibility of affecting the magnetization state of the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 is small.
- a magnet material having a low holding force or a small thickness can be applied for the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66.
- FIG. 9A the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are both in the first magnetization.
- a magnetizing current having sufficient amplitude and polarity to excite the first magnet element 65 to the first magnetization is supplied to the exciting coil 67.
- a magnetization current having an amplitude and a polarity for exciting only the second magnet element 66 to the first magnetization is further supplied to the exciting coil 67. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is increased as compared with the case of the permanent magnets 73 and 75 alone.
- FIG. 9A a magnetization current having an amplitude and a polarity for exciting only the second magnet element 66 to the second magnetization is supplied to the exciting coil 67, and the magnetization state is shown in FIG. 9B.
- the magnetic fluxes from the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 are canceled and are not supplied to the armature side, so the magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil is only the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 73 and 75.
- FIG. 9A a magnetizing current having an amplitude and a polarity for exciting the first magnet element 65 to the second magnetization is supplied to the exciting coil 67.
- the second magnet element 66 becomes the first magnetization.
- a magnetizing current having an amplitude and a polarity for exciting only the second magnet element 66 to the second magnetization is supplied to the exciting coil 67.
- the magnetization state is shown in FIG. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is reduced as compared with the case of the permanent magnets 73 and 75 alone.
- the conductor layer 69 is made of a copper plate that circulates around the rotating shaft 11, concentrates the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 67 on the exciting magnetic path, effectively reduces the inductance of the exciting coil 67, and facilitates the flow of pulsed magnetizing current.
- a pulsed magnetizing current is supplied to the exciting coil 67, a current in a direction that hinders the change of the magnetic flux is induced in the conductor layer 69, and the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 67 decreases in the conductor layer 69, and enters the exciting magnetic path.
- the magnetic flux by the exciting coil 67 is concentrated.
- the field poles 6a and 68 are made of a dust core having a large specific resistance. In addition, a bulk magnetic material having a large specific resistance can be used.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled by changing the magnetization current supplied to the exciting coil 67 and changing the number of magnet elements corresponding to the first magnetization and the second magnetization.
- the relationship between the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature and the magnetizing current is set as map data at the design stage.
- map data is set as map data at the design stage.
- a magnetic flux adjustment current that does not change the magnetization states of the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66 is further excited.
- a magnetic flux is generated by being supplied to the coil 67 and is superposed on the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet element 65, the second magnet element 66, and the permanent magnets 73 and 75, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled.
- the polarity of the magnetic flux adjustment current can be changed according to the direction in which the amount of magnetic flux is increased or decreased.
- the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux adjustment current is induced in a closed magnetic circuit including both the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66, and a closed magnetic circuit including the first magnet element 65 and the main magnetic path.
- the thickness L1 of the first magnet element 65 is set to be smaller than the thickness L2 of the second magnet element 66 so that most of the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux adjustment current flows in the main magnetic path, and the second magnet element 66 is regarded as a gap.
- the resistance is set larger than the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path.
- the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path varies depending on the relative position between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic tooth, but in the present invention, the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic path is averaged for each relative position between the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic tooth. Value.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature can be controlled by changing the magnetization state of the first magnet element 65 and the second magnet element 66.
- the present embodiment is a system for optimizing the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, and the control as a rotating electrical machine system will be described with reference to FIG.
- the amount of magnetic flux is controlled to optimally control the rotational force.
- a magnetic flux adjustment current having a polarity that increases the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is positive.
- the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied from the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 to the exciting coil 67 can be reduced.
- a magnetization current in a direction increasing the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the exciting coil 67, and the magnet elements of the first magnetization are supplied.
- the number of magnetic elements flowing through the armature is reduced by decreasing the number and increasing the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization.
- the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied from the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 to the exciting coil 67 is increased.
- a magnetization current in the direction of increasing the number of magnet elements for the first magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the excitation coil 67, and the magnet elements for the first magnetization are supplied.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by increasing the number and decreasing the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization.
- a constant voltage power generation system that controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage by controlling the amount of magnetic flux when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described.
- the generated voltage which is the output 53
- the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied from the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 to the exciting coil 67 is reduced.
- a magnetization current in a direction increasing the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the exciting coil 67, and the magnet elements of the first magnetization are supplied.
- the number of magnetic elements flowing through the armature is reduced by decreasing the number and increasing the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization.
- the magnetic flux adjusting current supplied from the magnetic flux adjusting circuit 59 to the exciting coil 67 is increased.
- a magnetization current in the direction of increasing the number of magnet elements for the first magnetization is supplied from the magnetization control circuit 5a to the excitation coil 67, and the magnet elements for the first magnetization are supplied.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by increasing the number and decreasing the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization.
- the island-shaped salient poles 71 and the magnetic salient poles 72 are magnetized to be different from each other by the permanent magnets 73 and 75, and the island-shaped salient poles 71 flow the magnetic flux from the exciting part by the non-magnetic material 74. It is configured to be difficult. With this configuration, reluctance torque can be used in addition to magnet torque. A configuration in which a permanent magnet is arranged instead of the non-magnetic material 74 and the island-shaped salient pole 71 and the magnetic salient pole 72 are magnetized more strongly is also possible.
- the excitation parts arranged at both ends of the rotor have the same configuration, and each excitation part excites the magnetic salient pole 72 in the same direction.
- This configuration is for supplying a sufficient amount of magnetic flux in a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a long axial length. In the case of a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a short axial length, only one excitation unit is required.
- the armature coil 62 has been described as concentrated winding, but naturally, a configuration of distributed winding is also possible.
- the third embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system in which the excitation unit does not have a field magnet and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled by current.
- FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric machine having a radial gap structure.
- a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported on the housing 101 via a bearing 13.
- the armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 101, magnetic body teeth 61, and an armature coil 62.
- the rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 102 and a cylindrical magnetic core 64, and rotates together with the rotating shaft 11.
- the surface magnetic pole portion 102 has island-shaped salient poles embedded in the magnetic substrate and magnetic salient poles that are part of the magnetic substrate alternately in the circumferential direction.
- the excitation unit includes an excitation coil 103 disposed on the housing side at both ends of the rotor, a cylindrical magnetic core 64, and a housing 101.
- the housing 101 is made of a magnetic material mainly composed of iron, and a magnetic flux is caused to flow between the cylindrical magnetic core 64 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 by an electric current supplied to the exciting coil 103, and the armature coil. The amount of magnetic flux interlinking with 62 is controlled.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line C-C ′ in FIG. 10, and some components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship. Since the configuration of the armature is the same as that of the second embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the surface magnetic pole part 102 has a configuration in which a magnetic material is divided in the circumferential direction by a collective magnet.
- the combination in which the magnet plates 115 and 116 having substantially the same magnetization direction are arranged on both side surfaces of the intermediate magnetic salient pole 113 is a magnetically equivalent collective magnet, and the surface magnetic pole portion 102 of the rotor is a uniform cylinder.
- the magnet plates arranged on both sides in the circumferential direction of each of the island-shaped salient poles 111 and the magnetic salient poles 122 are V-shaped, and the crossing angle of the magnet plates is set to an angle suitable for the magnetic flux barrier.
- Arrows attached to the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, and 117 indicate magnetization directions substantially orthogonal to the plate surfaces of the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, and 117.
- a non-magnetic body 118 is disposed as a separating member on the inner peripheral side of the island-shaped salient pole 111, and the island-shaped salient pole 111 is magnetically separated from the magnetic salient pole 112 by the magnet plates 114 and 115 and the non-magnetic body 118. ing. Magnet plates 116 and 117 are arranged on both sides in the circumferential direction of the magnetic salient pole 112, but all the magnetic salient poles 112 are connected through the inner peripheral portion. That is, no separation member is disposed in the magnetic salient pole 112.
- the island-shaped salient pole 111 and the magnetic salient pole 112 are magnetized by the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, and 117 to the N pole and the S pole, respectively. Further, the nonmagnetic material 119 is arranged so that the magnetic flux does not flow to the armature side via the collective magnet.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view showing the cross section of the surface magnetic pole part 102 and the armature of the rotor shown in FIG. 11, and shows the flow of magnetic flux from the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, 117 and the excitation part.
- FIG. 12 shows a case where the excitation unit increases the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 62 as compared with the case of only the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, and 117.
- the armature coils of the first armature magnetic pole group are U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils 81, 82, and 83, respectively.
- armature coils 84, 85 and 86 are shown as armature coils 84, 85 and 86, respectively, as U'-phase, V'-phase and W'-phase armature coils.
- the U-phase armature coil 81 faces the island-shaped salient pole 111
- the U′-phase armature coil 84 is configured to face the magnetic salient pole 112
- the U-phase armature coil 84 81 and the U′-phase armature coil 84 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions.
- V-phase armature coil 82 and the V′-phase armature coil 85, the W-phase armature coil 83 and the W′-phase armature coil 86 are also arranged and connected in the same manner, and are connected to three phases as a whole. ing.
- the dotted line 121 represents the magnetic flux from the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, 117 as a representative.
- the direction in which the magnetic flux 121 interlinks with the U-phase armature coil 81 is opposite to the direction in which the magnetic flux 121 interlinks with the U′-phase armature coil 84, and the magnetic flux 121 interlinks with the V-phase armature coil 82.
- the direction in which the magnetic flux 121 interlinks with the V′-phase armature coil 85 is opposite to the direction in which the magnetic flux 121 interlinks with the W-phase armature coil 83.
- the direction of interlinkage is opposite to each other.
- the induced voltage due to the magnetic flux 121 from the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, 117 is correctly synthesized as a three-phase induced voltage and flows through the island-shaped salient pole 111 and the magnetic salient pole 112 that are adjacent salient poles. Even if there is an imbalance between the magnetic flux amounts, the three-phase voltage output waveform is not affected.
- the magnetic flux from the exciting part is indicated by reference numeral 122 and is blocked by the non-magnetic material 118 and does not flow through the island-shaped salient pole 111 but flows exclusively through the magnetic salient pole 112 in the radial direction.
- the magnetic flux 122 and the magnetic flux 121 are the W-phase armature coil 83, the U′-phase armature coil 84, and the V′-phase armature. Interlinks in the same direction as the coil 85.
- the excitation unit is in a state of increasing the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil as compared with the case of only the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, and 117.
- the amount of magnetic flux that the excitation unit interlinks with the armature coil is reduced as compared with the case of only the magnet plates 114, 115, 116, and 117.
- the exciting coil 103 is arranged to circulate around the rotating shaft 11 on the inner peripheral side of the housing 101 connected to the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and both ends of the cylindrical magnetic core 64 have a minute gap from the housing 101.
- the excitation unit is configured to face each other.
- the exciting coil 103 induces an exciting magnetic flux in a magnetic path constituted by the cylindrical magnetic core 64, the magnetic salient pole 112, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and the housing 102.
- the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil 62 (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86) can be effectively controlled by changing the current supplied to the exciting coil 103.
- a first magnetic path composed of a cylindrical magnetic core 64, a non-magnetic material 118, an island-shaped salient pole 111, a magnetic material tooth 61, and a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and a cylindrical magnetic core 64, a magnetic material salient pole 112, magnetic
- a second magnetic path constituted by the body teeth 61 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and a third magnetic path constituted by the cylindrical magnetic core 64, the housing 101 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15.
- Magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117 is almost a small magnetic path through the island-shaped salient pole 111, the magnetic salient pole 112, the magnetic substance tooth 61, and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 as shown in FIG. Circulates, but there remains concern that it will flow to the third magnetic path.
- Housing 101, cylindrical magnetic core 64 so that it is difficult to short-circuit through the third magnetic path The magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path is set to be larger than the magnetic resistance of the second magnetic path according to the dimensions such as the surface area and the gap length in the gap.
- the fourth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a double stator. It has a permanent magnet in the island-shaped salient pole, changes the magnetization state of the permanent magnet by the current supplied to the armature coil, and expands the range of flux control. That is, the permanent magnet disposed in the island-shaped salient pole is a separating member and a subfield magnet capable of changing the magnetization.
- FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric machine having a radial gap / double stator structure.
- the armature has a first armature disposed on the outer peripheral side and a second armature disposed on the inner peripheral side.
- the first armature includes a magnetic tooth 134, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 135, and an armature coil 136.
- the second armature has magnetic teeth 139, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, and an armature coil 13b.
- a rotating shaft 131 is rotatably supported by a housing 132 via a bearing 133.
- the rotor has a surface magnetic pole portion 137, which is opposed to the first armature on the outer peripheral side of the surface magnetic pole portion 137 and on the inner peripheral side. Opposite the second armature.
- Reference numeral 138 denotes a rotor support.
- the exciting part is composed of a housing 132 made of a magnetic material as a main part, a field magnet 13c, an exciting coil 13e, and the like whose radial thickness gradually changes between the magnetic core 13d connected to the housing 132 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a. ing.
- the exciting coil 13e has a magnetic flux in a magnetic path formed by the housing 132, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 135, the magnetic material teeth 134, the surface magnetic pole portion 137, the magnetic material teeth 139, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, the field magnet 13c, and the magnetic core 13d. Is arranged to generate.
- the arrows in the field magnet 13c indicate the direction of magnetization, and there are magnetization regions in the outer diameter direction and the inner diameter direction.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line D-D ′ in FIG. 13, and some of the components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship.
- the surface magnetic pole portion 137 of the rotor has island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142 and magnetic salient poles formed by permanent magnets arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the cylindrical magnetic substrate on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces thereof. 143 is formed, and the circumferential magnetization of adjacent permanent magnets is reversed.
- a sub-field magnet 144 is disposed between the island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142, and a non-magnetic material 149 is disposed between the permanent magnets 145 and 146 and between the permanent magnets 147 and 148.
- the sub-field magnet 144 has an outer diameter direction magnetization, magnetizes the island-shaped salient pole 141 along with the permanent magnets 145 and 147 in the outer diameter direction, and the sub-field magnet 144, the permanent magnets 146 and 148 have an island-shaped salient pole.
- 142 is magnetized in the outer diameter direction.
- the magnetic salient pole 143 is magnetized in the inner diameter direction by permanent magnets 145, 146, 147 and 148.
- the sub-field magnet 144 between the island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142 is a separation member that makes it difficult for the magnetic flux from the exciting portion to pass through, and is a permanent magnet that can change magnetization.
- the arrows in the permanent magnets 145, 146, 147, 148 and the subfield magnet 144 indicate the magnetization direction.
- the first armature is a cylindrical magnetic yoke 135 fixed to the housing 132, a plurality of magnetic teeth 134 extending radially from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 135 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and wound around the magnetic teeth 134.
- the armature coil 136 is rotated.
- the second armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, a plurality of magnetic teeth 139 extending in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and an armature coil wound around the magnetic teeth 139. 13b.
- armature coils and magnetic teeth belonging to the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction.
- U-phase, V-phase, W-phase, U'-phase, V'-phase and W'-phase armature coils are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction, and 24 armature coils are arranged for each of the 8 magnetic poles of the rotor.
- the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils belong to the first armature magnetic pole group, and the U′-phase, V′-phase, and W′-phase armature coils belong to the second armature magnetic pole group. It shows that the U phase and the U ′ phase, the V phase and the V ′ phase, and the W phase and the W ′ phase are the same phase.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a part of the first armature, the rotor, and the second armature.
- the magnetic pole configuration of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux by the excitation unit will be described with reference to FIG.
- the first and second surface magnetic poles of the rotor have island-shaped salient poles and magnetic salient poles that are divided in the circumferential direction by a permanent magnet with a substantially circumferential magnetization on a uniform magnetic substrate in the circumferential direction.
- the sub-field magnet 144 is disposed between the island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142 arranged in the radial direction.
- the armature coil 136 of the first armature is composed of U-phase, V-phase, W-phase, U′-phase, V′-phase, and W′-phase armature coils 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, and 156, respectively. Is arranged as.
- the armature coil 13b of the second armature has the same configuration, and the same number is assigned to the armature coil of each phase.
- the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils belong to the first armature magnetic pole group, and the U′-phase, V′-phase, and W′-phase armature coils belong to the second armature magnetic pole group.
- the armature coils in the two armature magnetic pole groups are configured as follows.
- the U-phase armature coil 151 faces the island-shaped salient pole 141 (142)
- the U′-phase armature coil 154 is arranged to face the magnetic salient pole 143, and when a current flows, the U-phase armature coil 154 is disposed.
- the child coil 151 and the U′-phase armature coil 154 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions.
- the V-phase armature coil 152, the V'-phase armature coil 155, the W-phase armature coil 153, and the W'-phase armature coil 156 are also connected in the same manner, and are connected to three phases as a whole.
- the saturation magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is constant, and the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is close to the air gap. Therefore, when the permanent magnet is thick, the permanent magnet is separated from the two-way magnetic flux with respect to the external magnetic flux. Can be a member.
- the magnetic field from the exciting part is blocked by the sub-field magnet 144 between the island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142, and does not flow through the island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142 but flows exclusively through the magnetic salient pole 143.
- the dotted line 157 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 145, 146, 147, and 148 as a representative
- the dotted line 158 represents the magnetic flux from the subfield magnet 144 as a representative.
- the induced voltage due to the magnetic fluxes 157 and 158 is correctly synthesized as a three-phase induced voltage, and even if there is an imbalance in the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the island-shaped salient poles and magnetic salient poles that are adjacent salient poles, the three-phase The voltage output waveform is not affected.
- the magnetic flux from the exciting part is indicated by reference numeral 159, and is blocked by the subfield magnet 144 and does not flow to the island-shaped salient poles 141 and 142, but flows exclusively through the magnetic salient poles 143.
- the direction of the magnetic flux 159 is supplied so that the magnetic flux 159 flows from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 135 to the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, the magnetic fluxes 157, 158, and 159 become the U'-phase armature coil 154 and the V'-phase armature coil 155. Interlink in the same direction. Therefore, the excitation unit increases the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil as compared with the case of the permanent magnets 145, 146, 147, 148 and the subfield magnet 144 alone.
- the magnetic flux 159 from the excitation unit flows exclusively through the magnetic salient pole 143, and the voltage induced in each armature coil is not uniform.
- the armature coils of the first armature magnetic pole group and the second armature magnetic pole group are arranged so as to be biased in the circumferential direction and belong to the same phase to which the drive current is supplied at the same timing.
- the other coil is arranged to face the magnetic salient pole, and each coil is connected in series to generate a magnetic flux in the opposite direction when a current is applied. Torque fluctuations and generated voltage waveform distortion are suppressed.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the island-shaped salient pole is fixed, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic salient pole is made variable to control the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil.
- the magnetization of the subfield magnet 144 is further changed to expand the control range of the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil.
- the magnetic flux 157 and the magnetic flux 158 are on the armature side. It flows and interlinks with the armature coil.
- the permanent magnets 145, 146, 147, 148 and the subfield magnet 144 are representatively shown by the dotted line 161.
- the magnetic flux forms a closed magnetic circuit in the rotor, and the amount of magnetic flux leaking to the armature side is small.
- FIG. 17 simply shows a connection diagram between the armature coils 151 to 156 and the drive circuit.
- the armature coil 151 and the armature coil 154 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions, one is connected to the neutral point 171 and the other is connected to the switch elements 173 and 174.
- the armature coil 152 and the armature coil 155 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions, one is connected to the neutral point 171 and the other is connected to the switch elements 175 and 176.
- the armature coil 153 and the armature coil 156 are connected in series so as to induce magnetic fluxes in opposite directions, one is connected to the neutral point 171 and the other is connected to the switch elements 177 and 178. Further, the neutral point 171 is connected to the switch elements 179 and 17a.
- Reference numeral 172 indicates a battery. A controller for controlling on / off of the switch element is not shown.
- the switch elements 179 and 17a connected to the neutral point 171 are turned off, and a three-phase driving current is supplied to each armature coil according to the position of the rotor, so that the rotor is rotationally driven. Is done.
- the magnetizing current is supplied to the armature coil facing the island-shaped salient pole 141 (142) in order to change the magnetization state of the subfield magnet 144, it is selected by the rotor position sensor output (not shown).
- the switch elements 179 and 17a are turned on / off together with the switch element connected to the armature coil.
- the rotating electric machine controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature by changing the magnetization state of the field magnet and further the subfield magnet.
- the direction and amount of the magnetic flux supplied from the excitation unit is controlled by the magnetization state of the field magnet 13c. Omitted.
- FIG. 18 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electrical machine that controls the amount of magnetic flux by changing the exciting part of the rotating electrical machine of the fourth embodiment to current excitation.
- This embodiment has substantially the same configuration as that of the fourth embodiment.
- the field magnet is removed from the configuration shown in FIG. 13, and the cylindrical excitation magnetic path member 182 is interposed via the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a and the nonmagnetic body 181. It is arranged to face each other.
- Magnetic flux induced by the exciting coil 13e flows through the housing 132, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 135, the magnetic teeth 134, the surface magnetic pole portion 137, the magnetic teeth 139, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, and the exciting magnetic path member 182, and the armature. Interlinks with the coil. The amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil is controlled by the current supplied to the exciting coil 13e.
- the main part of the exciting part is a housing 132 made of a magnetic material, an exciting coil 13e arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 132, and a non-magnetic element arranged for adjusting the magnetic resistance of the exciting magnetic path. It is comprised by the body 181, and is the structure which supplies the magnetic flux which the exciting coil 13e induces between the cylindrical magnetic yoke 135 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a.
- a first magnetic path composed of a cylindrical magnetic yoke 135, magnetic material teeth 134, island-shaped salient poles 141, subfield magnet 144, island-shaped salient poles 142, magnetic material teeth 139, and cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, and a cylinder Magnetic yoke 135, magnetic teeth 134, magnetic salient poles 143, magnetic teeth 139, cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a, second magnetic path, cylindrical magnetic yoke 135, housing 132, magnetic core 182, non-magnetic core 182
- a third magnetic path constituted by the magnetic body 181 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a.
- a non-magnetic material 181 is disposed between the cylindrical magnetic yoke 13a and the magnetic core 182 so that the magnetic flux from the subfield magnet 144 does not short-circuit due to the third magnetic path. It is set larger than the magnetic resistance of the road.
- the non-magnetic material 181 is disposed in order to set the magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path to a large value.
- a permanent magnet having substantially the same thickness can be disposed instead of the non-magnetic material 181. In that case, since the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is almost the same as that of the air gap, the setting of the magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path is the same, and the magnetic flux by the permanent magnet can be set as a fixed portion.
- the nonmagnetic material 181 is disposed in the third magnetic path, and the magnetic resistance of the third magnetic path is set to be larger than the magnetic resistance of the second magnetic path.
- the magnetic resistance of the three magnetic paths it is possible to reduce the magnetic resistance of the three magnetic paths.
- the magnetic flux from the subfield magnet 144 flows in the third magnetic path, and the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coils 136 and 13b decreases.
- the relationship between the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coils 136 and 13b and the current supplied to the exciting coil 13e is slightly changed, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coils 136 and 13b is controlled by the current supplied to the exciting coil 13e. There is no change in what you can do.
- a rotary electric machine system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the sixth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system that uses the rotating electrical machine system of the first embodiment as a generator / motor system of a hybrid car.
- reference numeral 191 denotes the rotating electrical machine shown in the first embodiment, and the rotating electrical machine 191 has a rotating shaft 199 coupled to transmit a rotational force to the engine 192 of the hybrid car. The rotational force is transmitted to the drive shaft 19a via the transmission 193.
- the control device 194 receives the command 19b from the host control device, drives the rotating electric machine 191 as an electric motor via the drive circuit 195, and controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the armature via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 196. That is, the magnetic flux amount control circuit 196 includes the changeover switch 58, the magnetization control circuit 5a, and the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 in FIG. Further, the control device 194 receives the command 19b from the host control device, rectifies the generated power appearing on the lead wire 19c of the armature coils 16 and 26 through the rectifier circuit 197, and charges the battery 198.
- the magnetization control circuit 5a supplies a magnetization current in a direction to increase the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization to the exciting coil 1c to increase the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by reducing the magnetic area of the two magnetizations.
- the magnetization control circuit 5a supplies a magnetization current in the direction of increasing the magnetic pole area to the exciting coil 1c to reduce the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization and the second magnetization.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced by increasing the magnetic pole area.
- the control device 194 reduces the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 196 when the generated voltage is larger than the optimum voltage for charging the battery 198.
- a magnetization current in a direction to increase the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization is supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetization control circuit 5a. The magnetic pole area of one magnetization is reduced and the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization is increased to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature.
- the control device 194 increases the magnetic flux adjustment current supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetic flux adjustment circuit 59 via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 196 and flows to the armature.
- the amount of magnetic flux is increased and the magnetic flux adjustment current is larger than a predetermined value, a magnetization current in a direction to increase the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization is supplied to the exciting coil 1c by the magnetization control circuit 5a to The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by increasing the magnetic pole area and decreasing the magnetic pole area of the second magnetization.
- This embodiment also functions effectively as an energy recovery system when braking a hybrid car.
- the control device 194 When receiving the regenerative braking instruction through the command 19b, the control device 194 supplies the magnetization current in the direction of increasing the magnetic pole area of the first magnetization to the exciting coil 1c via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 196, to the exciting coil 1c.
- the magnetic pole area of magnetization is increased to increase the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, and the battery 198 is charged with generated power.
- the rotating electrical machine 191 Since the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coils 16 and 26 increases, the power that can be extracted is large. It is stored temporarily in a power storage system with an electric double layer capacitor, etc., ensuring braking power and increasing energy recovery. Since the rotating electrical machine 191 is a physique used as a drive motor, it can generate a sufficient braking force as a generator for regenerative braking.
- the present embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system used as a generator / motor of a hybrid car, it can of course be used as a rotating electrical machine system in an electric vehicle.
- the engine 192 of the hybrid car is removed in the above embodiment, and the electric vehicle is driven only by the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention to constitute an energy recovery system at the time of braking.
- the rotating electrical machine system of the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. These examples show examples of realizing the gist and purpose of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
- the armature coil has been described as having a three-phase configuration, but it is of course possible to have a single-phase or multi-phase configuration. In particular, in the case of a single phase, all coils always contribute to the generation of driving force. , Power density is improved.
- a rotating electrical machine apparatus that realizes the gist of the present invention can be configured by changing combinations of the magnetic pole configuration of the rotor, the configuration of the armature, the configuration of the excitation unit, and the like in the above embodiments.
- the rotating electrical machine system to which the present invention is applied can be used as a high-output electric motor in the same way as a conventional rotating electrical machine.
- the practical rotational speed range can be expanded, the power generation function can be improved, and the power generation function can be controlled. .
- It can be used in a generator / motor system for a moving body, and it can be expected to be used in a range of rotational speeds higher than that of a conventional driving motor. In addition, it can recover energy during braking and improve overall energy consumption.
- the present invention can also be configured as a system in which the current flowing through the armature coil is suppressed and the output is controlled exclusively by the excitation unit. In this case, it is easy to reduce the voltage of the power source and the cost of the drive circuit.
- the constant voltage generator system can control the generated voltage constant over a wide range of rotational speeds, eliminating the need for a constant voltage control circuit and reducing the overall system cost.
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Abstract
Description
磁されて電機子を流れる磁束量が制御される。その具体的な構成は以下に規定される。
と出来る。島状突極を磁気的に離隔された磁性体で構成する場合は磁石トルクに加えてリラクタンスを利用出来る。
望ましい。そうでないと,厚い磁石要素からの磁束は薄い磁石要素に集中し,薄い磁石要素が減磁される可能性がある。磁束が飽和磁束密度以上に集中すると,磁気抵抗が大となるので磁束の集中は回避される。
いに逆とされて島状突極21,磁性体突極22はそれぞれN極,S極に磁化されている。永久磁石23,24に於ける矢印は磁化の方向を示す。
1と鎖交する方向は,U’相の電機子コイル34と鎖交する方向とは互いに逆であり,磁束37がV相の電機子コイル32と鎖交する方向は,V’相の電機子コイル35と鎖交する方向とは互いに逆であり,磁束37がW相の電機子コイル33と鎖交する方向は,W’相の電機子コイル36と鎖交する方向とは互いに逆である。したがって,永久磁石23,24からの磁束による誘起電圧は3相の誘起電圧として正しく合成され,島状突極21,磁性体突極22を介して流れる磁束量にアンバランスがあっても3相の電圧出力には現れない。
が小の磁石要素に集中し難い構成が望ましい。更に界磁極1a,1bは界磁磁石を構成する磁石要素の飽和磁束密度にほぼ等しい飽和磁束密度を持つ磁性体で構成する事が望ましい。界磁極1a,1bは飽和磁束密度以上の磁束集中に対して磁気抵抗が大となるので,厚みが大の磁石要素からの磁束が厚みが小の磁石要素に集中し難い。
鎖交する磁束量及び回転速度に比例する。界磁磁石領域91の磁極表面積を増やすよう励磁コイル1cに磁化電流を加えた結果として誘起電圧の振幅の変化量が目標値より小の場合は同一条件に於ける磁化電流の振幅を大に,誘起電圧の振幅の変化量が目標値より大の場合は同一条件に於ける磁化電流の振幅を小にするよう磁化電流に係わるパラメータを修正する。
界磁磁石の各磁化状態に於いて駆動電流の位相制御により弱め界磁を付加する事も可能である。その場合でも界磁の微調整であるのでエネルギー効率を大きく損なう事はない。
到達し難いので磁石要素として磁化変更容易な磁石を使用する事が出来る。ネオジウム磁石(NdFeB)では着磁に必要な磁界強度が2400kA/m(キロアンペア/メートル)程度であり,アルニコ磁石(AlNiCo)の着磁に必要な磁界強度は240kA/m程度である。本実施例では第一磁石要素65,第二磁石要素66が直列に接続された回路に励磁磁束が誘起されるのでそれぞれの磁石要素は異なる抗磁力を有する必要がある。それぞれの磁石要素は素材の異なる磁石で構成され,それぞれの磁石要素の磁化容易さは抗磁力と厚みの積により調整されている。
誘起電圧を参照して電機子を流れる磁束量を推定する。
間の間隙に於ける表面積,間隙長等の寸法諸元により第三磁路の磁気抵抗は第二磁路の磁気抵抗より大に設定されている。
する電機子コイル及び磁性体歯が周方向の異なる位置に配置されている。U相,V相,W相,U’相,V’相,W’相の電機子コイルが周方向に順次繰り返し配置され,回転子の8磁極に対して24個の電機子コイルがそれぞれ配置されている。U相,V相,W相の電機子コイルは第一電機子磁極群に属し,U’相,V’相,W’相の電機子コイルは第二電機子磁極群に属する。U相とU’相,V相とV’相,W相とW’相はそれぞれ同じ相である事を示す。
供給される同一相に属する電機子コイル同士に於いて一方が島状突極に対向する時に,他方が磁性体突極に対向するよう配置され,電流が流された時にそれぞれ逆方向の磁束を生じるよう直列に接続されて駆動トルク変動,発電電圧波形歪みが抑制される。
図18は第四実施例の回転電機の励磁部を電流励磁に変え,磁束量制御を行う回転電機の縦断面図を示している。本実施例は第四実施例とほぼ同じ構成であり,図13に示す構成から界磁磁石を除去し,円筒状の励磁磁路部材182を円筒状磁気ヨーク13aと非磁性体181を介して対向するよう配置されている。励磁コイル13eによって誘起される磁束はハウジング132,円筒状磁気ヨーク135,磁性体歯134,表面磁極部137,磁性体歯139,円筒状磁気ヨーク13a,励磁磁路部材182内を流れ,電機子コイルと鎖交する。励磁コイル13eに供給する電流によって電機子コイルと鎖交する磁束量は制御される。
制御回路5a,磁束調整回路59を含んで構成されている。更に制御装置194は上位制御装置からの指令19bを受け,電機子コイル16,26の引き出し線19cに現れる発電電力を整流回路197を介して整流し,バッテリー198を充電する構成としている。
Claims (20)
- 電機子との対向面に於いて島状突極及び磁性体突極を周方向に交互に有する回転子と,回転子との対向面に於いて電機子コイルが周方向に配置された電機子とを有し,電機子と回転子とがラジアルギャップを介して対向する回転電機装置であって,島状突極と磁性体突極とを同じ方向に一括して励磁する励磁部を有し,回転子は外部からの磁束通過を阻止するよう永久磁石及び或いは非磁性体で構成される離隔部材を少なくとも島状突極内に有し,励磁部からの磁束が島状突極を流れ難いよう島状突極内の離隔部材の厚みは磁性体突極内の離隔部材の厚みより大とされるよう構成され,島状突極内及び島状突極に隣接する永久磁石によって全ての島状突極がほぼ同じ方向に磁化されるよう構成され,電機子コイルは電機子コイルが周方向に配置された第一電機子磁極群と,第二電機子磁極群とにグループ化され,第一電機子磁極群,第二電機子磁極群に於いて同時に駆動電流が供給される同一相にそれぞれ属する電機子コイル同士は一方が島状突極に対向する時に他方は磁性体突極に対向するよう配置されると共に互いに逆方向の磁束を発生するよう接続され,励磁部は励磁コイル及び界磁磁石の何れかを少なくとも有し,励磁部の両端は最外周に配置された回転子或いは電機子と,最内周に配置された回転子或いは電機子とにそれぞれ磁気的に結合されて励磁部の一端から出た磁束が電機子と,回転子の磁性体突極とを介して励磁部の他端に環流するよう構成され,回転電機装置の出力を最適化するよう前記出力に応じて励磁部から供給する磁束量を変え,電機子に流れる磁束量が制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,電機子と回転子とが一つのラジアルギャップを介して対向し,電機子は回転子との対向面に於いて電機子コイルが磁気ヨークに配置され,回転子は電機子との対向面に於いて島状突極と磁性体突極とが磁性体基板に周方向に交互に配置され,励磁部の両端は磁気ヨークと磁性体基板とにそれぞれ磁気的に結合され,励磁部の一端から流れる磁束は磁気ヨーク,磁性体突極,磁性体基板とを介して励磁部の他端に環流するよう構成される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,第一電機子,回転子,第二電機子がこの順で径方向にラジアルギャップを介して対向するよう配置され,回転子は島状突極及び磁性体突極を周方向に交互に有し,二つの電機子は回転子との対向面に於いて電機子コイルを磁気ヨークに周方向に有して回転子の両面にそれぞれ対向するよう配置され,励磁部の両端はそれぞれ二つの電機子の磁気ヨークと磁気的に結合され,励磁部の一端から流れる磁束は第一電機子の磁気ヨーク,磁性体突極,第二電機子の磁気ヨークとを介して励磁部の他端に環流するよう構成される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,島状突極及び磁性体突極は電機子との対向面に於いて磁性体基板を略周方向磁化を持つ永久磁石及び集合磁石の何れかによって周方向に区分して形成されると共に互いに異極に磁化される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,磁性体の二つの側面に永久磁石を配置して構成された集合磁石が島状突極と磁性体突極との間に配置され,集合磁石は更に非磁性体を有して励磁部の一端からの磁束が通過し難いよう構成される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,第一電機子磁極群を有する電機子,第二電機子磁極群を有する電機子がそれぞれ回転子と対向し,第一電機子磁極群を有する電機子,第二電機子磁極群を有する電機子に於いてそれぞれ同一相に属する電機子コイル同士は一方が島状突極に対向する時に他方は磁性体突極に対向するよう配置されると共に互いに逆方向の磁束を発生するよう直列に接続される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,電機子は回転子との対向面に於いて第一電機子磁極群,第二電機子磁極群を周方向の異なる位置に有し,第一電機子磁極群,第二電機子磁極群に於いてそれぞれ同一相に属する電機子コイル同士は一方が島状突極に対向する時に他方は磁性体突極に対向するよう配置されると共に互いに逆方向の磁
束を発生するよう直列に接続される事を特徴とする回転電機システム - 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,励磁部は界磁磁石と,界磁磁石の磁化を変更する励磁コイルとを有し,励磁部は前記界磁磁石のN極或いはS極の何れか一方の磁極から流れる磁束は電機子と,回転子の磁性体突極とを介して界磁磁石の他方の磁極に環流するよう構成され,回転電機装置の出力を最適化するように前記出力に応じて励磁コイルに磁化電流を供給して界磁磁石の磁化状態を不可逆的に変え,電機子に流れる磁束量が制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8記載の回転電機システムに於いて,界磁磁石は磁性体及び前記磁性体間に配置された磁化方向長さと抗磁力の積が異なる磁石要素を有し,前記磁性体により前記磁石要素を互いに並列接続して構成され,磁石要素は互いに逆方向である第一磁化,第二磁化の何れかの磁化を少なくとも有し,第一磁化を有する磁石要素は磁性体突極を島状突極の磁化方向と逆方向に磁化する事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8記載の回転電機システムに於いて,界磁磁石のN極或いはS極の何れか一方の磁極から流れる磁束が電機子と回転子とを介して界磁磁石の他方の磁極に環流する主磁路と,界磁磁石の一方の磁極から出た磁束が主として励磁部内で界磁磁石の他方の磁極に環流する励磁磁路とが並列に界磁磁石に接続され,励磁コイルは励磁磁路に加えて界磁磁石を含む磁路に磁束を誘起するよう配置されていることを特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8記載の回転電機システムに於いて,界磁磁石は磁性体及び磁化変更に必要な磁界強度が互いに異なる第一磁石要素及び第二磁石要素を有し,前記磁性体により第一磁石要素及び第二磁石要素を互いに並列接続して構成され,励磁コイルは第一磁石要素及び第二磁石要素及び前記磁性体で構成する閉磁路に磁束を発生させるよう配置されていることを特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8記載の回転電機システムに於いて,界磁磁石に不可逆的な磁化変化を生ぜしめない程度の磁束調整電流を界磁磁石の各磁化状態に於いて励磁コイルに供給し,誘起された磁束を界磁磁石からの磁束に重畳して電機子を流れる磁束量を調整する事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8の回転電機システムに於いて,励磁部からの磁束を流れ難くするよう島状突極内に配置された離隔部材として永久磁石が配置され,第一電機子磁極群,第二電機子磁極群に於いてそれぞれ同一の相に属して島状突極に対向する電機子コイル及び磁性体突極に対向する電機子コイルに磁化電流を供給して永久磁石の磁化状態を変更し,電機子に流れる磁束量が制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8の回転電機システムに於いて,さらに制御装置を有し,回転力を入力とし,発電電力を出力とする回転電機システムであって,電機子コイルに誘起される発電電圧が所定の値より大で電機子を流れる磁束量を減少させる時は制御装置により第一磁化の磁極面積を減じるよう磁化電流が励磁コイルに供給され,電機子コイルに誘起される発電電圧が所定の値より小で電機子を流れる磁束量を増大させる時は制御装置により第一磁化の磁極面積を増すよう磁化電流が励磁コイルに供給され,発電電圧が所定の値に制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8の回転電機システムに於いて,さらに制御装置を有し,電機子コイルへの供給電流を入力とし,回転力を出力とする回転電機システムであって,回転速度が所定の値より大で電機子を流れる磁束量を減少させる時には制御装置により第一磁化の磁極面積を減じるよう磁化電流が励磁コイルに供給され,回転速度が所定の値より小で電機子を流れる磁束量を増大させる時には制御装置により第一磁化の磁極面積を増すよう磁化電流が励磁コイルに供給され,回転力が最適に制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項8の回転電機システムに於いて,さらに制御装置を有し,電機子コイルへの供給電流を入力とし,回転力を出力とする回転電機システムであって,回転速度を減少させる場合には制御装置により電機子コイルにバッテリーを接続すると共に第一磁化に属する磁極面積を増すよう磁化電流が励磁コイルに供給されて第一磁化の磁極面積
を増して電機子を流れる磁束量が大とされ,回転エネルギーが発電電力として取り出される事を特徴とする回転電機システム - 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,励磁部は励磁コイル及び励磁磁路部材を有し,励磁磁路部材の両端は最外周に配置された回転子或いは電機子と,最内周に配置された回転子或いは電機子とそれぞれ磁気的に結合され,励磁コイルは励磁磁路部材と,電機子と,回転子の磁性体突極とを介する磁路に磁束を誘起するよう配置され,回転電機装置の出力を最適化するように前記出力に応じて励磁コイルに励磁電流を供給して電機子に流れる磁束量が制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項17記載の回転電機システムに於いて,励磁部は励磁磁路部材を含む磁路内に磁気的な空隙を有し,島状突極を磁化する永久磁石からの磁束が励磁磁路部材を介して短絡しないよう構成される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 電機子との対向面に於いて少なくとも磁気的な空隙及び永久磁石の何れかによって周方向に区分された島状突極及び磁性体突極を周方向に交互に有する回転子と,回転子との対向面に於いて電機子コイルが周方向に配置された電機子とを有し,電機子と回転子とがラジアルギャップを介して対向する回転電機装置の磁束量制御方法であって,島状突極と磁性体突極とを同じ方向に一括して励磁する励磁部を有し,回転子は外部からの磁束通過を阻止するよう永久磁石及び或いは非磁性体で構成される離隔部材を少なくとも島状突極内に有し,励磁部からの磁束が島状突極を流れ難いよう島状突極内の離隔部材の厚みは磁性体突極内の離隔部材の厚みより大とするよう構成し,島状突極内及び島状突極に隣接する永久磁石によって全ての島状突極をほぼ同じ方向に磁化するよう構成し,励磁部は界磁磁石と,界磁磁石の磁化を変更する励磁コイルとを有し,励磁部の両端をそれぞれ最外周に配置された回転子或いは電機子と,最内周に配置された回転子或いは電機子とにそれぞれ磁気的に結合し,前記界磁磁石のN極或いはS極の何れか一方の磁極から流れる磁束が電機子と,回転子の磁性体突極とを介して界磁磁石の他方の磁極に環流するよう構成し,励磁コイルに磁化電流を供給して界磁磁石の磁化状態を不可逆的に変えて電機子を流れる磁束量を制御する磁束量制御方法
- 電機子との対向面に於いて少なくとも磁気的な空隙及び永久磁石の何れかによって周方向に区分された島状突極及び磁性体突極を周方向に交互に有する回転子と,回転子との対向面に於いて電機子コイルが周方向に配置された電機子とを有し,電機子と回転子とがラジアルギャップを介して対向する回転電機装置の磁束量制御方法であって,島状突極と磁性体突極とを同じ方向に一括して励磁する励磁部を有し,回転子は外部からの磁束通過を阻止するよう永久磁石及び或いは非磁性体で構成される離隔部材を少なくとも島状突極内に有し,励磁部からの磁束が島状突極を流れ難いよう島状突極内の離隔部材の厚みは磁性体突極内の離隔部材の厚みより大とするよう構成し,島状突極内及び或いは島状突極に隣接する永久磁石によって全ての島状突極をほぼ同じ方向に磁化するよう構成し,励磁コイル及び励磁磁路部材を励磁部に配置し,励磁磁路部材の両端を最外周に配置された回転子或いは電機子と,最内周に配置された回転子或いは電機子とにそれぞれ磁気的に結合し,励磁磁路部材と,電機子と,回転子の磁性体突極とを介する磁路に磁束を誘起するよう励磁コイルを配置し,励磁コイルに励磁電流を供給して電機子に流れる磁束量を制御する磁束量制御方法
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US20100213885A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
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