WO2010097033A1 - 自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘及其生产工艺 - Google Patents

自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘及其生产工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010097033A1
WO2010097033A1 PCT/CN2010/070646 CN2010070646W WO2010097033A1 WO 2010097033 A1 WO2010097033 A1 WO 2010097033A1 CN 2010070646 W CN2010070646 W CN 2010070646W WO 2010097033 A1 WO2010097033 A1 WO 2010097033A1
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Prior art keywords
self
swash plate
resistant coating
controlled
lubricating wear
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PCT/CN2010/070646
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙志华
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浙江长盛滑动轴承有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江长盛滑动轴承有限公司 filed Critical 浙江长盛滑动轴承有限公司
Priority to ES10745817.6T priority Critical patent/ES2462968T3/es
Priority to PL10745817T priority patent/PL2402606T3/pl
Priority to EP10745817.6A priority patent/EP2402606B1/en
Publication of WO2010097033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010097033A1/zh

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    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
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    • C09D181/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on polysulfones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/14—Self lubricating materials; Solid lubricants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a swash plate and a production process of a swash plate type automobile air conditioner compressor.
  • a swash plate for improving lubrication and wear reduction performance between a swash plate and a shoe in an automotive air conditioner compressor.
  • the technical fields related to the present invention include a swash plate type compressor, a swash plate sliding layer having a composite structure, a polymer self-lubricating material, and the like.
  • the working principle of the swash plate type automobile air conditioner compressor is to push the reciprocating motion of the compressor piston by tilting the swash plate fixed on the rotating shaft, thereby realizing the suction, compression and discharge of the refrigerant. It is the relative sliding of the piston shoe on the swash plate that converts the rotational motion of the swash plate into the reciprocating motion of the piston.
  • the sliding of the swash plate has the following characteristics: at the initial stage of the compressor movement, before the lubricating oil has arrived, the gaseous refrigerant has reached various parts of the swash plate and the shoe, and flushes the lubricating oil retained on the sliding surface. Therefore, immediately after starting the compressor, the swash plate and the shoe are relative sliding under dry friction without lubricating oil.
  • the compressor swashplate and the shoe are in a non-lubricated or insufficiently lubricated state approximately one minute from the start of the gaseous refrigerant and the formation of the oil mist into the compressor. Slanting discs operating under such conditions must be resistant to wear and seizure and self-lubricating.
  • the copper-aluminum-plated swash plate of Japan Dafeng Industrial Co., Ltd. (China Patent Publication No. CN1321220A) has a technical solution of spraying a layer of copper-lead-aluminum-silicon on the working surface of the swash plate to achieve the anti-seizure property.
  • its materials contain more lead, which is a harmful substance to human body and has been banned or strictly controlled in most countries.
  • %WC alloy thermal spray swash plate the technical solution is to thermally spray a layer of Ni60+20 on the working surface of the swash plate
  • the %WC alloy layer is used to achieve the anti-seizure characteristics.
  • Shanghai Sandian Bell Automobile Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (China Patent Application No. 200710040291.7) is a zinc-aluminum alloy swash plate reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • the wear-resistant layer of Shanghai Sandian Bell Automobile Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (Chinese Patent Application No. 200310108606.9) is a swash plate made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and lubricious materials.
  • the technical solution is thermal spraying on the working surface of the swash plate. Or a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy intermediate layer, and then a layer of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and lubricated materials.
  • the working principle of the swash plate type automobile air conditioner compressor is to push the reciprocating motion of the compressor piston by tilting the swash plate fixed on the rotating shaft, thereby realizing the suction, compression and discharge of the refrigerant. It is the relative sliding of the piston shoe on the swash plate that converts the rotational motion of the swash plate into the reciprocating motion of the piston.
  • the sliding of the swash plate has the following characteristics: at the initial stage of the compressor movement, before the lubricating oil has arrived, the gaseous refrigerant has reached various parts of the swash plate and the shoe, and flushes the lubricating oil retained on the sliding surface. Therefore, immediately after starting the compressor, the swash plate and the shoe are relative sliding under dry friction without lubricating oil.
  • the compressor swashplate and the shoe are in a non-lubricated or insufficiently lubricated state approximately one minute from the start of the gaseous refrigerant and the formation of the oil mist into the compressor. Slanting discs operating under such conditions must be resistant to wear and seizure and self-lubricating.
  • the copper-aluminum-plated swash plate of Japan Dafeng Industrial Co., Ltd. (China Patent Publication No. CN1321220A) has a technical solution of spraying a layer of copper-lead-aluminum-silicon on the working surface of the swash plate to achieve the anti-seizure property.
  • its materials contain more lead, which is a harmful substance to human body and has been banned or strictly controlled in most countries.
  • %WC alloy thermal spray swash plate the technical solution is to thermally spray a layer of Ni60+20 on the working surface of the swash plate
  • the %WC alloy layer is used to achieve the anti-seizure characteristics.
  • Shanghai Sandian Bell Automobile Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (China Patent Application No. 200710040291.7) is a zinc-aluminum alloy swash plate reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • the wear-resistant layer of Shanghai Sandian Bell Automobile Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (Chinese Patent Application No. 200310108606.9) is a swash plate made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and lubricious materials.
  • the technical solution is thermal spraying on the working surface of the swash plate. Or a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy intermediate layer, and then a layer of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and lubricated materials.
  • the object of the present invention is to design a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating swash plate and a production process thereof.
  • the production cost is reduced by the process of the present invention.
  • the invention solves the problems that the existing swash plate has poor self-lubricating performance, complicated production process, high production cost, and the coating material used contains lead pollution.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating swash plate of the invention is composed of a metal substrate and a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating, and is coated with a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating on the annular plane on both sides of the metal substrate, the self-lubricating resistance
  • the abrasive coating constitutes the annular planar working layer of the swash plate;
  • the composition of the self-lubricating wear resistant coating comprises a main material polymer material, a fluoroplastic, a solid lubricant and an inorganic substance.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating is formulated into a liquid paint, and the liquid paint is disposed by using the solvent N-methylpyrrolidone or Dimethylacetamide dissolves the main material of the polymer material, and then adds fluorine plastic, solid lubricant and wear-resistant inorganic substance to fully stir and disperse to make a certain solid content coating.
  • the main material of the swash plate coating is composed of the material of the swash plate coating, which is composed of the poly(phthalene phenylene polyether sulfone) (PPES), the poly(phthalazinone polyether ketone) (PPEK) and the poly(phthalazinyl polyether sulfone ketone).
  • PPES poly(phthalene phenylene polyether sulfone)
  • PPEK poly(phthalazinone polyether ketone)
  • phthalazinyl polyether sulfone ketone High strength, heat resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, plus self-lubricating and filled wear-resistant inorganic materials filled with fluoroplastics and solid lubricants.
  • the self-lubricating and wear resistance of the swashplate exceeds the existing swashplate.
  • the wear-resistant layer does not contain metal lead harmful to the human body and the environment, in line with future development requirements for environmental protection and lead-free automotive parts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a swash plate type automobile air conditioner compressor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating swash plate of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a swash plate type automobile air conditioner compressor according to the present invention.
  • the working principle of the swash plate type automobile air conditioner compressor is to push the reciprocating motion of the compressor piston 4 by tilting the swash plate 2 fixed to the rotating shaft 1, thereby realizing the suction, compression, and discharge of the refrigerant. It is the relative sliding of the piston shoe 3 on the swash plate 2 that causes the rotational motion of the swash plate 2 to be converted into the reciprocating motion of the piston 4.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating swash plate of the present invention is made of a metal base.
  • the body 6 (metal body) and the self-lubricating wear resistant coating 5 are composed.
  • the material of the metal substrate 6 is an iron base or an alloy, a copper base or an alloy, an aluminum base or an alloy, a zinc base or an alloy; the metal base body 6 is made by mechanical processing, and is mechanically processed into a swash plate metal base body. 6.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating layer 5 is formed by a brushing or spraying method to form a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating swash plate on an annular plane on both sides of the swash plate metal base 6.
  • the self-lubricating wear resistant coating 5 constitutes the swash plate annular planar working layer.
  • the composition of the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5 comprises: a main material polymer material, a fluorine plastic, a solid lubricant and an inorganic substance.
  • the polymer material is selected from one or three of poly(phthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone) (PPES), poly(phthalazinone polyether ketone) (PPEK), and poly(phthalazinyl polyether sulfone ketone) (PPESK);
  • PPES poly(phthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone)
  • PPEK poly(phthalazinone polyether ketone)
  • PPESK poly(phthalazinyl polyether sulfone ketone)
  • the weight percentage of the naphthalene biphenyl polyethersulfone (PPES) in the grinding coating 5 is controlled to be 0 to 55%, and the weight percentage of the poly(phthalazinone polyether ketone) is controlled to be 0 to 40% (PPEK), and the naphthalene is added.
  • the weight percentage of phenyl polyether sulfone ketone is controlled to be 0 to 15% (PPESK).
  • Fluoroplastics are selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy vinyl copolymer (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), At least one of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) and ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (EDTFE) material; the weight percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the self-lubricating wear resistant coating 5 is controlled at 0-40%, perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP) weight percentage controlled at 0 to 10%, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy vinyl copolymer (PFA) weight percentage control 0 to 5%, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
  • Solid lubricants are selected from at least one of tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), graphite (C), boron nitride (BN), and calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) materials;
  • the weight percentage of tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) in the grinding coating 5 is controlled at 0 to 8%, the weight percentage of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is controlled at 0 to 8%, and the weight percentage of graphite (C) is controlled.
  • the content of 0 to 5% of boron nitride (BN) is controlled to be 0 to 5%, and the weight percentage of calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) is controlled to be 0 to 5%.
  • the wear-resistant inorganic material is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ); in the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • TiO 2 titanium oxide
  • SiO 2 silicon dioxide
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • the weight percentage of aluminum (Al 2 O 3 ) is controlled to be 0 to 3%.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5 is coated with a liquid paint, and the liquid paint is disposed by using a solvent N-methyl Pyrrolidone or dimethylacetamide dissolves the main material of the polymer material, and then adds fluorine plastic, solid lubricant and wear-resistant inorganic substance to fully stir and disperse to prepare a certain solid content coating.
  • the metal substrate 6 is subjected to a surface treatment process such as sand blasting or phosphating.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating layer 5 is combined on the annular planes on both sides of the swash plate metal substrate 6 by brushing or spraying, and then heated to 200 ° C for 3 hours, fully evaporating the solvent for drying; and then heating to 380 °C, heat-cured for 1 hour for curing and sintering treatment to form a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5, and the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5 is naturally cooled and then joined to the metal substrate 6 in a molten state.
  • the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5 on the annular planes on both sides of the metal substrate 6 is finally subjected to precision machining, and the single-sided thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating 5 is controlled to 0.01 to 0.1 mm, and the parallelism of the two planes is controlled. Within 0.01 mm.
  • Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of 40% naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone (PPEK), 40% naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone ketone (PPESK)
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene
  • WS 2 tungsten disulfide
  • MoS 2 molybdenum disulfide
  • a composition of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 1% titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), and a solvent N-methylpyrrolidone as a solvent is sprayed onto the swash plate metal substrate 6. It is dried and sintered in an oven, and then processed into a coating 5 having a thickness of 0.02-0.04 mm by turning and grinding.
  • Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of 38% naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone (PPEK), 38% naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone ketone (PPESK) and 6% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 6% perfluoroethylene Propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP) and 5% tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), 5% molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and 1% silicon carbide (SiC), 1% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3
  • PPEK naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone
  • PPESK naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone ketone
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP 6% perfluoroethylene Propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene
  • Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of 40% naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone (PPEK), 40% naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone (PPES) and 5% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 5% perfluoroethylene propylene Tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP) and 4% tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), 4% molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), 1% silicon carbide (SiC), 1% titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), solvent N - Methylpyrrolidone is disposed as a solvent to be sprayed onto the swash plate metal substrate 6. It is dried and sintered in an oven, and then processed into a coating 5 having a thickness of 0.02-0.04 mm by turning and grinding.
  • PPEK naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone
  • PPES naphthal
  • Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of 40% naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone (PPEK), 40% naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone (PPES) and 5% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 5% perfluoroethylene propylene Tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP) and 4% graphite (C), 4% molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and 1% silicon carbide (SiC), 1% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )
  • PPEK naphthalene biphenyl polyether ketone
  • PPES naphthalene biphenyl polyether sulfone
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • FEP 5% perfluoroethylene propylene Tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene
  • C graphite
  • MoS 2 molybdenum dis
  • Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of 80% polyimide (PI) and 5% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 5% perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP) and 4% tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), 4% molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and 1% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 1% titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), sprayed on the swash plate metal substrate by electrostatic spraying . It is dried and sintered in an oven, and then processed into a coating of 0.02-0.04 mm thickness by turning and grinding.
  • PI polyimide
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene
  • WS 2 4% tungsten disulfide
  • MoS 2 molybdenum disulfide
  • Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of 80% coating polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 5% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 5% perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene (FEP) and 4% disulfide Tungsten (WS 2 ), 4% molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and 1% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 1% titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) are arranged to be sprayed on a swash plate metal substrate. It is dried and sintered in an oven, and then processed into a coating of 0.02-0.04 mm thickness by turning and grinding.
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP perfluoroethylene propylene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene
  • WS 2 4% disulfide Tungsten
  • MoS 2 molybden
  • the test conditions are: on the special test equipment, the swash plate is fixed, and the plane of three semi-steel balls with a diameter of 12 mm is used as the pair of grinding members to slide on the swash plate, and the load between the grinding member and the swash plate is 5 N/mm 2 .
  • the relative movement speed of the grinding member and the swash plate is 3.35 m/s, dry friction, and the swash plate coating is polished to cause the time required for the grinding of the grinding member and the swash plate base.
  • the comparison test results are as follows:

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Description

自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘及其生产工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的斜盘和生产工艺。特别涉及用于改善汽车空调压缩机中斜盘和滑履间的润滑和减磨性能的斜盘。与本发明有关的技术领域包括斜盘式压缩机、具有复合组织的斜盘滑动层、高分子自润滑材料等。
背景技术
斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的工作原理是通过倾斜固定于旋转轴上的斜盘的转动，推动压缩机活塞的往复运动，从而实现了制冷剂的吸入、压缩、排出。正是活塞滑履在斜盘上的相对滑动使斜盘的旋转运动转换为活塞的往复运动。
斜盘的滑动有如下特点，就是在压缩机运动的初期，当润滑油尚未到达之前，气态制冷剂就已到达斜盘和滑履的各部位，并冲洗滞留在滑动表面的润滑油。因此，在刚启动压缩机之后，斜盘和滑履是在没有润滑油的干摩擦条件下的相对滑动。
在气态制冷剂开始和润滑油形成油雾进入压缩机的大约一分钟时间内，压缩机斜盘和滑履处于一种无润滑或不充分润滑状态。在如此条件下工作的斜盘必须具有耐磨防咬合和自润滑的特性。
针对上述斜盘的工作特性，业界有多种制作方案，举例如下：
日本大丰工业株式会社（中国专利公开号CN1321220A）的铜铝喷镀斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面喷镀一层铜铅铝硅层，来达到减磨防咬合的特性。但其材料中含有较多的铅，而铅是一种对人体有害物质，已被大多数国家禁止使用或严格控制使用量。
上海三电贝尔汽车空调有限公司（中国专利申请号200310109214.4）的Ni60+20 ％WC合金热喷涂斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面热喷涂一层Ni60+20 ％WC合金层，来达到减磨防咬合的特性。上海三电贝尔汽车空调有限公司（中国专利申请号200710040291.7）的用碳化硅(SiC)颗粒增强的锌铝合金斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面热喷涂或烧结一层锌铝合金合金层。上海三电贝尔汽车空调有限公司（中国专利申请号200310108606.9）的耐磨层由聚醚醚酮（PEEK）和润滑性材料混合而成的斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面热喷涂或烧结一层镍镉合金中间层，再铺设一层聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和润滑性材料混合而成的材料。日本丰田自动织机株式会社（中国专利公开号CN1401898A）的一种含有固体润滑剂的热塑性聚酰亚胺涂层斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面上通过静电喷涂一层包含固体润滑剂的聚酰亚胺(PI)粉末，通过加热融化粉末形成涂层。采用以上这些技术方案在一定程度上能提供斜盘的耐磨防咬合和自润滑的特性，但也都有工艺复杂、成本较高的缺点。
目前为保护大气层的臭氧层，原氟利昂等制冷剂将被替代，二氧化碳作为空调压缩机的制冷剂引起人们的普遍关注，相对于使用氟利昂作为制冷剂的压缩机而言，二氧化碳压缩机通过活塞作用在斜盘上的载荷更大，使得滑动摩擦工况更加恶劣，故更急需一种性能更加优良的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘。
斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的工作原理是通过倾斜固定于旋转轴上的斜盘的转动，推动压缩机活塞的往复运动，从而实现了制冷剂的吸入、压缩、排出。正是活塞滑履在斜盘上的相对滑动使斜盘的旋转运动转换为活塞的往复运动。
斜盘的滑动有如下特点，就是在压缩机运动的初期，当润滑油尚未到达之前，气态制冷剂就已到达斜盘和滑履的各部位，并冲洗滞留在滑动表面的润滑油。因此，在刚启动压缩机之后，斜盘和滑履是在没有润滑油的干摩擦条件下的相对滑动。
在气态制冷剂开始和润滑油形成油雾进入压缩机的大约一分钟时间内，压缩机斜盘和滑履处于一种无润滑或不充分润滑状态。在如此条件下工作的斜盘必须具有耐磨防咬合和自润滑的特性。
针对上述斜盘的工作特性，业界有多种制作方案，举例如下：
日本大丰工业株式会社（中国专利公开号CN1321220A）的铜铝喷镀斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面喷镀一层铜铅铝硅层，来达到减磨防咬合的特性。但其材料中含有较多的铅，而铅是一种对人体有害物质，已被大多数国家禁止使用或严格控制使用量。
上海三电贝尔汽车空调有限公司（中国专利申请号200310109214.4）的Ni60+20 ％WC合金热喷涂斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面热喷涂一层Ni60+20 ％WC合金层，来达到减磨防咬合的特性。上海三电贝尔汽车空调有限公司（中国专利申请号200710040291.7）的用碳化硅(SiC)颗粒增强的锌铝合金斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面热喷涂或烧结一层锌铝合金合金层。上海三电贝尔汽车空调有限公司（中国专利申请号200310108606.9）的耐磨层由聚醚醚酮（PEEK）和润滑性材料混合而成的斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面热喷涂或烧结一层镍镉合金中间层，再铺设一层聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和润滑性材料混合而成的材料。日本丰田自动织机株式会社（中国专利公开号CN1401898A）的一种含有固体润滑剂的热塑性聚酰亚胺涂层斜盘，其技术方案是在斜盘的工作面上通过静电喷涂一层包含固体润滑剂的聚酰亚胺(PI)粉末，通过加热融化粉末形成涂层。采用以上这些技术方案在一定程度上能提供斜盘的耐磨防咬合和自润滑的特性，但也都有工艺复杂、成本较高的缺点。
目前为保护大气层的臭氧层，原氟利昂等制冷剂将被替代，二氧化碳作为空调压缩机的制冷剂引起人们的普遍关注，相对于使用氟利昂作为制冷剂的压缩机而言，二氧化碳压缩机通过活塞作用在斜盘上的载荷更大，使得滑动摩擦工况更加恶劣，故更急需一种性能更加优良的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘。
技术问题
本发明的目的是设计出一种自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘及其生产工艺。以提供一种性能优良的用于斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的斜盘，同时用本发明的工艺降低生产成本。
本发明要解决的是现有斜盘耐磨自润滑性能差、生产工艺复杂、生产成本高、所用的涂层材料含有铅存在污染等的问题
 技术解决方案
本发明为解决上述问题而采用的技术方案是：
本发明所述的一种自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，是由金属基体和自润滑耐磨涂层组成，在金属基体两侧环形平面上涂有自润滑耐磨涂层，该自润滑耐磨涂层构成所述斜盘环形平面工作层；所述的自润滑耐磨涂层的组成成份包括主材高分子材料、氟塑料、固体润滑剂及无机物。
本发明所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘的生产工艺，所述自润滑耐磨涂层是配制成液态涂料涂上去的，液态涂料的配置方法为：先用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲基乙酰胺溶觧高分子材料主材，再添加氟塑料、固体润滑剂和耐磨无机物进行充分的搅拌和分散，制成一定含固量的涂料。
 有益效果
1 ，采用杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）、杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）材料组成斜盘涂层的主体材料，由于其材料固有的高强度、耐热、耐磨和耐蚀性能，加上氟塑料和固体润滑剂填充的自润滑性和填充耐磨无机物。斜盘的自润滑和耐磨性能超过现有的斜盘。
2 ，耐磨层中不含有对人体和环境有害的金属铅，符合未来环保及汽车零部件无铅化的发展要求。
3 ，斜盘的生产工艺简单，成本低。
 附图说明
图1为本发明用于斜盘式汽车空调压缩机总体结构示意图。
图2是本发明自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘剖面示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明用于斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的结构示意图。斜盘式汽车空调压缩机的工作原理是通过倾斜固定于旋转轴1上的斜盘2的转动，推动压缩机活塞4的往复运动，从而实现了制冷剂的吸入、压缩、排出。正是活塞滑履3在斜盘2上的相对滑动使斜盘2的旋转运动转换为活塞4的往复运动。
下面将结合附图2对本发明作详细的介绍：本发明的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，是由金属基
体6（金属体）和自润滑耐磨涂层5组成。所述金属基体6的材料为铁基或合金、铜基或合金、铝基或合金、锌基或合金；所述金属基体6是通过机械加工方式制成的，经过机械加工成斜盘金属基体6。自润滑耐磨涂层5是通过刷涂或喷涂等方式结合在斜盘金属基体6两侧的环形平面上形成自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘。该自润滑耐磨涂层5构成所述斜盘环形平面工作层。
所述的自润滑耐磨涂层5组成成份包括：主材高分子材料、氟塑料、固体润滑剂及无机物。
高分子材料选用杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）、杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）三种材料中的一至三种；在自润滑耐磨涂层5中杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）重量百分含量控制在0～55%、杂萘联苯聚醚酮重量百分含量控制在（PPEK）0～40%、杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮重量百分含量控制在（PPESK）0～15%。
氟塑料选用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）、四氟乙烯全氟烷氧基乙烯基谜共聚物（PFA）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物（ETFE）和乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物（EDTFE）材料中的至少一种；在自润滑耐磨涂层5中聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）重量百分含量控制在0～40%、全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）重量百分含量控制在0～10%、四氟乙烯全氟烷氧基乙烯基谜共聚物（PFA）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物（ETFE）0～5%重量百分含量控制在和乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物（EDTFE）重量百分含量控制在0～5%。
固体润滑剂 选用二硫化钨（WS2）、二硫化钼（MoS2）、石墨（C）、氮化硼（BN）、氟化钙（CaF2）材料中的至少一种；在自润滑耐磨涂层5中二硫化钨（WS2）重量百分含量控制在0～8%、二硫化钼（MoS2）重量百分含量控制在0～8%、石墨（C）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、氮化硼（BN）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、氟化钙（CaF2）重量百分含量控制在0～5%。
耐磨无机物选用碳化硅（SiC）、二氧化钛（TiO2）、二氧化硅（SiO2）、三氧化二铝（Al2O3）物质中的至少一种；在自润滑耐磨涂层5中碳化硅（SiC）重量百分含量控制0～3%、二氧化钛（TiO2）重量百分含量控制0～3%、二氧化硅（SiO2）重量百分含量控制0～3%、三氧化二铝（Al2O3）重量百分含量控制0～3%。
本发明所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘的生产工艺，所述自润滑耐磨涂层5是用配制成液态涂料涂上去的，液态涂料的配置方法为：先用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲基乙酰胺溶觧高分子材料主材，再添加氟塑料、固体润滑剂和耐磨无机物进行充分的搅拌和分散，制成一定含固量的涂料。为增加斜盘金属基体6和自润滑耐磨涂层5的结合强度，金属基体6需通过喷砂、磷化等表面处理工艺。所述自润滑耐磨涂层5采用刷涂或喷涂方式结合在斜盘金属基体6两侧环形平面上，再加热到200℃，保温3个小时，充分挥发溶剂进行烘干；再加热到380℃，保温1小时进行固化、烧结处理而成自润滑耐磨涂层5，自润滑耐磨涂层5经自然冷却后与金属基体6的结合面呈熔融状态。所述金属基体6两侧环形平面上的自润滑耐磨涂层5烧结后最终进行精密加工，自润滑耐磨涂层5的单面厚度控制在0.01～0.1毫米，两个平面的平行度控制在0.01毫米以内。
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应这样理解下面的实施例，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明的具体条件的试验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件进行。除非另有说明，否则所有的份数为重量份，所有的百分比为重量百分比。
实施例1
自润滑耐磨涂层涂料由40%杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、40%杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）
和5%聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、5%全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）和4%二硫化钨（WS2）、4%二硫化钼（MoS2）和1%三氧化二铝（Al2O3）、1%二氧化钛（TiO2）组成，用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为溶剂配置成涂料喷涂在斜盘金属基体6上。在烘箱中烘干烧结，再通过车削和磨削加工成0.02-0.04mm厚度的涂层5。
实施例2
自润滑耐磨涂层涂料由38%杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、38%杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）和6%聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、6%全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）和5%二硫化钨（WS2）、5%二硫化钼（MoS2）和1%碳化硅（SiC）、1%三氧化二铝（Al2O3）组成，用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为溶剂配置成涂料喷涂在斜盘金属基体6上。在烘箱中烘干烧结，再通过车削和磨削加工成0.02-0.04mm厚度的涂层5。
实施例3
自润滑耐磨涂层涂料由40%杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、40%杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）和5%聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、5%全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）和4%二硫化钨（WS2）、4%二硫化钼（MoS2）和1%碳化硅（SiC）、1%二氧化钛（TiO2）组成，用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为溶剂配置成涂料喷涂在斜盘金属基体6上。在烘箱中烘干烧结，再通过车削和磨削加工成0.02-0.04mm厚度的涂层5。
实施例4
自润滑耐磨涂层涂料由40%杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、40%杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）和5%聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、5%全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）和4%石墨（C）、4%二硫化钼（MoS2）和1%碳化硅（SiC）、1%三氧化二铝（Al2O3）组成，用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为溶剂配置成涂料喷涂在斜盘金属基体6上。在烘箱中烘干烧结，再通过车削和磨削加工成0.02-0.04mm厚度的涂层5。
为和其他材料有一个对比以显示本发明以上实施例的性能优点，特选聚酰亚胺（PI）和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)替代实施例1中的杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）和杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK），其他配方材料含量相同，做成试样件做对比试验，具体实施如下：
比较例1
自润滑耐磨涂层涂料由80%聚酰亚胺（PI）和5%聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、5%全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）和4%二硫化钨（WS2）、4%二硫化钼（MoS2）和1%三氧化二铝（Al2O3）、1%二氧化钛（TiO2）组成，用静电喷涂法把混合材料喷涂在斜盘金属基体上。在烘箱中烘干烧结，再通过车削和磨削加工成0.02-0.04mm厚度的涂层。
比较例2
自润滑耐磨涂层涂料由80%涂料型聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和5%聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、5%全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）和4%二硫化钨（WS2）、4%二硫化钼（MoS2）和1%三氧化二铝（Al2O3）、1%二氧化钛（TiO2）组成，配置成混合涂料喷涂在斜盘金属基体上。在烘箱中烘干烧结，再通过车削和磨削加工成0.02-0.04mm厚度的涂层。
以上实施例和比较例通过MMU-12端面摩擦磨损试验机考核其摩擦性能，试样件尺寸为37*37*5mm（长×宽×厚度），试验条件为单位载荷5MPa，线速度1.3m/s，干摩擦，对磨件为40Cr，淬火硬度HRC58-60，试验设定时间120分钟。具体磨损数据见下表：
磨损量（um） 实际试验时间（min）
实施例1 12 120
实施例2 14 120
实施例3 18 120
实施例4 16 120
比较例1 30 58
比较例2 28 36
通过以上数据可以看出，两种比较例中的产品在不到60分钟的时间内就基本磨光了30um厚度左右的涂层，使试验不得不中止，而本发明的产品有较好的摩擦性能，能完成120分钟的试验，且磨损量较低。
下面为斜盘涂层耐磨抗咬合试验。试验条件为在专用试验设备上，固定斜盘，用三个直径为12mm的半钢球的平面作为对磨件在斜盘上滑动，对磨件和斜盘间的载荷是5N/mm2，对磨件与斜盘的相对运动速度为3.35m/s，干摩擦，测试到斜盘涂层磨光，从而引起对磨件和斜盘基体发生咬合所需的时间，对比试验结果如下：
发生咬合所需的时间（min）
实施例1 180
实施例2 175
实施例3 162
实施例4 170
比较例1 78
比较例2 42
通过以上数据可以看出，两种比较例中的产品在不到80分钟的时间内就发生对磨件和斜盘基体的咬合，也就是基本磨光了涂层，使试验不得不中止，而本发明的产品有较好的耐磨看咬合性能，抗咬合时间都大于160分钟。
 本发明的实施方式
工业实用性
序列表自由内容

Claims (1)

  1. 1、 一种自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，是由金属基体和自润滑耐磨涂层组成，其特征在于在金属
    基体两侧环形平面上涂有自润滑耐磨涂层，该自润滑耐磨涂层构成所述斜盘环形平面工作层；所述的自润滑耐磨涂层的组成成份包括主材高分子材料、氟塑料、固体润滑剂及无机物。
    2 、根据权利要求1所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，其特征在于高分子材料选用杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）、杂萘联苯聚醚酮（PPEK）、杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）三种材料中的一至三种；在自润滑耐磨涂层中杂萘联苯聚醚砜（PPES）重量百分含量控制在0～55%、杂萘联苯聚醚酮重量百分含量控制在（PPEK）0～40%、杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮重量百分含量控制在（PPESK）0～15%。
    3 、根据权利要求1所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，其特征在于氟塑料选用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）、四氟乙烯全氟烷氧基乙烯基谜共聚物（PFA）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物（ETFE）和乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物（EDTFE）材料中的至少一种；在自润滑耐磨涂层中聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）重量百分含量控制在0～40%、全氟乙烯丙烯四氟乙烯六氟丙烯（FEP）重量百分含量控制在0～10%、四氟乙烯全氟烷氧基乙烯基谜共聚物（PFA）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物（ETFE）0～5%重量百分含量控制在和乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物（EDTFE）重量百分含量控制在0～5%。
    4 、根据权利要求1所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，其特征在于固体润滑剂选用二硫化钨（WS2）、二硫化钼（MoS2）、石墨（C）、氮化硼（BN）、氟化钙（CaF2）材料中的至少一种；在自润滑耐磨涂层中二硫化钨（WS2）重量百分含量控制在0～8%、二硫化钼（MoS2）重量百分含量控制在0～8%、石墨（C）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、氮化硼（BN）重量百分含量控制在0～5%、氟化钙（CaF2）重量百分含量控制在0～5%。
    5 、根据权利要求1所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，其特征在于耐磨无机物选用碳化硅（SiC）、二氧化钛（TiO2）、二氧化硅（SiO2）、三氧化二铝（Al2O3）物质中的至少一种；在自润滑耐磨涂层中碳化硅（SiC）重量百分含量控制0～3%、二氧化钛（TiO2）重量百分含量控制0～3%、二氧化硅（SiO2）重量百分含量控制0～3%、三氧化二铝（Al2O3）重量百分含量控制0～3%。
    6 、根据权利要求1所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘，其特征在于金属基体为铁基或合金、铜
    基或合金、铝基或合金、锌基或合金；所述金属基体是通过机械加工方式制成的。
    7 、根据权利要求1所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘的生产工艺，其特征在于所述自润滑耐磨涂层采用刷涂或喷涂方式结合在斜盘金属基体两侧环形平面上，再加热到200℃，保温3个小时，充分挥发溶剂进行烘干；再加热到380℃，保温1小时进行固化、烧结处理而成自润滑耐磨涂层，自润滑耐磨涂层经自然冷却后与金属基体的结合面呈熔融状态。
    8 、根据权利要求7所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘的生产工艺，其特征在于所述自润滑耐磨涂层是用配制成液态涂料涂上去的，液态涂料的配置方法为：先用溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲基乙酰胺溶觧高分子材料主材，再添加氟塑料、固体润滑剂和耐磨无机物进行充分的搅拌和分散，制成一定含固量的涂料。
    9 、根据权利要求7所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘的生产工艺，其特征在于所述金属基体表面通过喷砂、磷化处理。
    10 、根据权利要求7所述的自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘的生产工艺，其特征在于所述金属基体两侧环形平面上的自润滑耐磨涂层烧结后最终进行精密加工，自润滑耐磨涂层的单面厚度控制在0.01～0.1毫米，两个平面的平行度控制在0.01毫米以内。
PCT/CN2010/070646 2009-02-26 2010-02-11 自润滑耐磨涂层斜盘及其生产工艺 WO2010097033A1 (zh)

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