WO2010081264A1 - 一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2010081264A1
WO2010081264A1 PCT/CN2009/000352 CN2009000352W WO2010081264A1 WO 2010081264 A1 WO2010081264 A1 WO 2010081264A1 CN 2009000352 W CN2009000352 W CN 2009000352W WO 2010081264 A1 WO2010081264 A1 WO 2010081264A1
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isoflavone
pharmaceutical composition
diabetic nephropathy
group
isoflavones
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PCT/CN2009/000352
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱荃
石兴华
汤丹
郑兆广
何宝
段婷婷
顾斐
程慧荃
黄晓玲
黄艳霞
王汝上
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广州康臣药物研究有限公司
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Priority to US12/810,571 priority Critical patent/US20110053872A1/en
Priority to JP2010546202A priority patent/JP5383709B2/ja
Priority to EP09833900.5A priority patent/EP2380570B1/en
Publication of WO2010081264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010081264A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceuticals. Specifically, it relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an isoflavone and a pollenoflavone as active ingredients and its use in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy. Background technique
  • Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes and is one of the manifestations of systemic microvascular disease in diabetes. It usually refers to glomerular basement membrane thickening due to diabetes, mesangial expansion and extracellular matrix hyperplasia, leading to kidney. High filtration of the ball and proteinuria. Clinical features such as proteinuria, progressive renal impairment, hypertension, edema, and severe renal failure at a later stage are among the leading causes of death in diabetic patients. According to statistics, about 30-40% of diabetic patients will have kidney damage. In the United States, diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure and ranks second in Europe. At present, the proportion of diabetic nephropathy in patients with end-stage renal failure has also increased to 15%. As the incidence of diabetes continues to increase and the social population ages, this number will continue to climb.
  • the main clinical drugs are hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive drugs, such as insulin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI, such as captopril).
  • ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  • long-term application of these drugs will produce more serious side effects.
  • long-term use of diabetes may increase hyperkalemia.
  • some patients may induce acute renal failure due to functional or organic renal artery stenosis. , and many more. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop high-efficiency and low-toxic drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
  • Diabetic nephropathy can also be called “diabetic glomerulosclerosis”.
  • Mesangial cells are the main component of glomeruli, accounting for about 30-40% of the total number of glomerular cells.
  • Glomerular mesangial cells have multiple functions, such as secreting cell matrix, producing cytokines, and having phagocytic clearance of macromolecular substances and contractile functions similar to smooth muscle cells, and are the most active cells in the glomerulus.
  • Mesangial cells are one of the major cells secreting extracellular matrix (ECM), and ECM aggregation is a key mechanism of glomerular sclerosis. Therefore, mesangial cell lesions play an extremely important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
  • ECM extracellular matrix
  • Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in China. It has the effects of tonifying qi, solidifying the phlegm, diuretic toxic, excretion, and sore muscles.
  • the application of jaundice in the treatment of diabetes and its complications of kidney disease is in line with the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • Astragalus and its preparations have a clear therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy, but the effective ingredients for its therapeutic effect are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research to develop a modern Chinese medicine preparation for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy with clear active ingredients, clear mechanism of action, and easy quality control.
  • flavonoids are one of the main active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, and have many pharmacological activities such as scavenging free radicals, regulating immunity, anti-virus and anti-tumor.
  • Isoflavones and their glycosides are two high content flavonoids in Astragalus.
  • Patent CN01126608. 2 discloses that isoflavones and glycosides have anti-ischemic effects.
  • Patent CN200510110641. 3 discloses that isoflavone glycosides have the effect of inhibiting Coxsackie virus and treating viral myocarditis.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy, and a process for the preparation thereof, wherein the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition is veratium isoflavone and/or muskyl isoflavone glycoside.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy, which comprises as an active ingredient one or two of veratium isoflavone or musked isoflavone glycoside, and a conventional pharmaceutical carrier, wherein the active ingredient has a weight percentage of 0. 1-99. 5%.
  • the active ingredient is present in an amount of from 5 to 90% by weight.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprises as an active ingredient in the extract of verapamil and flavonoid glycosides, and a conventional pharmaceutical carrier, and the weight ratio of the isoflavone and the isoflavone glycosides is 1:5-5:1.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier of the present invention refers to a conventional pharmaceutical carrier in the pharmaceutical field, for example, a diluent, an excipient such as water, a filler such as starch, sucrose, etc.; a binder such as a cellulose derivative, algae Acid salts, gelatin and polyvinylpyrrolidone; wetting agents such as glycerin; disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate; absorption enhancers such as quaternary ammonium compounds; surfactants such as cetyl alcohol; adsorption carriers such as kaolin And soap clay; lubricants such as talc, calcium and magnesium stearate, and polyethylene glycol. It is also possible to add other adjuvants such as flavoring agents, sweeteners and the like to the composition.
  • a diluent an excipient such as water, a filler such as starch, sucrose, etc.
  • a binder such as a cellulose derivative, algae Acid salts,
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared into a conventional dosage form by a conventional preparation method, and the conventional dosage form is mainly an oral preparation such as a solid preparation tablet, a granule, a pill, a powder, a granule, a capsule, etc., a liquid preparation water or an oil suspension or Other liquid preparations such as tinctures and the like.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be adjusted accordingly depending on the particular mode of administration, the severity of the condition, and the like.
  • the clinical oral dose of the medicament of the present invention is 2-10 mg/kg body weight/time according to the therapeutic effect of the animal (rat) in vivo, and the dosage of the human body is 20-100 mg/60 kg body weight/time according to the body surface area conversion. .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the above pharmaceutical composition.
  • the following technical solution is adopted - a method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, which is obtained by mixing one or both of the active ingredients, muskyl isoflavone and mullein, with the conventional pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the extraction of the active ingredient comprises the following steps:
  • step B Take the supernatant of the extract of xanthine extract from step A with macroporous resin, first elute with pure water until the effluent is clarified, and then elute with 50% ethanol until thin layer chromatography to detect the isoflavone glycosides spot;
  • the isoflavones and the flavonoid glycosides can be extracted from other Chinese medicinal materials by the above extraction method.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the isoflavone and the muskyl isoflavone glycoside in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy, wherein the diabetic nephropathy is stage I, ⁇ , III, IV diabetic nephropathy.
  • the present invention has discovered through pharmacological experiments that the isoflavones and their glycosides have new medical uses for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy, and also provide new therapeutic candidates for diabetic nephropathy patients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention has better control effect on diabetic nephropathy than the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus, and the active ingredient has a clear structure and the quality is easy to control, and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional Chinese medicine, such as unclear active ingredients and difficult quality control.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a remarkable effect of treating and preventing glomerular damage in diabetes, which can significantly prevent the increase of serum creatinine in diabetes, significantly reduce the urine volume and urine protein of diabetic rats, indicating that diabetic nephropathy Has a significant preventive effect.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be processed into an oral dosage form such as a dropping pill, a granule, a tablet, etc., and is convenient to use.
  • Figure 1 is the effect of flavonoids and glycosides on high glucose-induced extracellular matrix proliferation in rat mesangial cells (PAS, 200X);
  • A normal control group
  • B high glucose group (25 mM)
  • C aqueous extract of astragalus (50 mg/ml)
  • D veratium isoflavones ( ⁇ );
  • E verat isoflavones (lOnM);
  • F vermiculone isoflavones ( lnM);
  • G muskyl isoflavone glycoside ( ⁇ );
  • H muskyl isoflavone glycoside ( ⁇ ) : I: muskyl isoflavone glycoside (lnM);
  • J hairy isoflavone-melan isoflavone glycoside (10 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1: 5 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1);
  • flavonoids - flavonoid glycosides (5 ⁇ g/ml: 10 ⁇ g/ml).
  • Figure 2 is the effect of flavonoids and glycosides on the expression of extracellular TGF0-1 in rat mesangial cells induced by high glucose (200X);
  • A normal control group
  • B high glucose group (25 mM)
  • C negative control group (without TGF ⁇ - 1 antibody)
  • D vermiculene isoflavones ( ⁇ );
  • E vermiculene isoflavones (lOnM);
  • E Isoflavone (lnM);
  • F isoflavone (lnM);
  • G isoflavone glycoside ( ⁇ );
  • H isoflavone glycoside ( ⁇ ) ;
  • I isoflavone glycoside (lnM);
  • J aqueous extract of astragalus (50mg/ M);
  • K isoflavone-muscle isoflavone glycoside (10 ⁇ g/ml: 5 ⁇ g/ml);
  • L hairy isoflavone-melan isoflavone glycoside (5 ⁇ g/ml: 10 g/ml).
  • the extracts were combined, and the solvent was recovered and dried in vacuo to obtain total flavonoids of astragalus.
  • the total flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus were further subjected to 200-300 mesh silica gel column chromatography with a gradient of chloroform-methanol 50:1-1:1 (50:1, 25:1, 12:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1.5:1).
  • Preparation method After mixing the hairy isoflavone glycosides with various excipients, use appropriate amount of water to make soft materials, granulate, dry, granulate and separate.
  • Example 3 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition tablet of the present invention (active ingredient is muskyl isoflavone)
  • Preparation method the hairy isoflavone glycoside is passed through an 80 mesh sieve, mixed with lactose and corn starch, and an appropriate amount of water is added and the powder is granulated. After drying, the granules are sieved and mixed with the remaining excipients. .
  • Example 4 Preparation of the pharmaceutical composition capsule of the present invention (active ingredients are musk isoflavones and mulinis isoflavone)
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the isoflavone and the isoflavone glycoside on the 80 mesh sieve, mixing with the dextrin, the starch and the lactose by the equal amount multiplication method, adding the pre-formed HMPC solution to prepare the soft material, granulating, drying, whole grain, Capsules are available.
  • Example 5 Preparation of granules of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention (active ingredient is flavonoid)
  • Preparation method The hairy isoflavones are sieved through 80 mesh, and then mixed with various auxiliary materials, and then softened with appropriate amount of water, granulated, dried, granulated and packaged.
  • Example 6 Preparation of the capsule of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention (active ingredients are musk isoflavones and veratium isoflavone glycosides)
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the isoflavone and the isoflavone glycoside on the 80 mesh sieve, mixing with the dextrin, the starch and the lactose by the equal amount multiplication method, adding the pre-formed HMPC solution to prepare the soft material, granulating, drying, whole grain, Capsules are available.
  • Example 7 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition tablet of the present invention (active ingredient is vermiculene isoflavone)
  • Preparation method the hairy isoflavones are passed through an 80 mesh sieve, and the pre-formed HMPC solution is added to prepare a soft material, granulated, and tableted.
  • Example 8 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition tablet of the present invention (active ingredient is muskyl isoflavone glycoside)
  • HPMC 2mg Preparation method: the isoflavone glycoside is passed through an 80 mesh sieve, and the pre-formed HMPC solution is added to prepare a soft material, granulated, and tableted.
  • Example 9 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition capsule of the present invention (active ingredients are musk isoflavones and mulinis isoflavone)
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the isoflavone and the isoflavone glycoside on the 80 mesh sieve, mixing with the dextrin, the starch and the lactose by the equal amount multiplication method, adding the pre-formed HMPC solution to prepare the soft material, granulating, drying, whole grain, Capsules are available.
  • the present invention is applied to pharmacological experiments on veratium isoflavones and/or muskyl isoflavone glycosides to confirm the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy, and parallel comparison with the control effect of aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus.
  • rat mesangial cells Effects of isoflavones and/or muskyl isoflavone glycosides on proliferation of rat mesangial cells induced by high glucose and AGEs.
  • the mesangial cells are the most active reactive cells in the glomeruli.
  • the pathological changes are central to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy and are the target cells of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, rat mesangial cells were cultured in vitro with high glucose and AGEs to observe the effects of veratium isoflavones and/or muskyl isoflavone glycosides on the proliferation of rat mesangial cells.
  • Rat glomerular mesangial cell line HBZY21 (provided by Wuhan Institute of Cell Biology); DMEM medium (GIBC0); newborn calf serum (Hangzhou Sijiqing serum factory); Thiazolyl thiazolyl blue (Amresco packaging); dimethyl sulfoxide (AR grade, Shanghai Jiuyi Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.).
  • C0 2 incubator (NAPC05410, PERCISION SCIENTIFIC); XSZ-D2 inverted microscope (Chongqing Optical Instrument Factory); Ultra-clean workbench (Suzhou Baishen Technology Network System Co., Ltd., Suzhou Clean Technology Research Institute); Microplate Spectrophotometer (SPECTRA maxl90 , American AD company); Medical centrifuge (LDZ5-2, Beijing Medical Centrifuge Factory).
  • Rat glomerular mesangial cells in logarithmic growth phase were prepared as single cell suspensions, seeded in 96 well plates at 100 l/well, cells After 5 hours of incubation in a 5 ⁇ 10 well, 37°C 5%C0 2 incubator, 100 ⁇ l of DMEM without newborn calf serum was added, and incubation was continued for 24 h to allow cell growth to enter a resting phase (synchronized). The cell supernatant was aspirated, and serum-containing DMEM containing different concentrations of glucose and AGEs was added, respectively. Each concentration was set to 6 replicates and cultured in an incubator for 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, respectively.
  • the lml gradient was added to the wells in the wells of the sucrose. Dilute of isoflavones, isoflavone glycosides (final concentrations of 10, ⁇ , respectively), isoflavones - muolin isoflavone glycosides (final concentration 10 ⁇ g/ml: 5 ⁇ g/ml), isoflavones - flavonoid glycosides (final concentration) 5 ⁇ g/ml: 10 ⁇ g/ml), and aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus (50 mg/ml), 6 replicate wells per dilution.
  • the high-sugar DMEM medium with a final glucose concentration of 25 mM was added to the normal control group, and the high glucose group was added to the high glucose group. After 24 hours of incubation in a 5% CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C, cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.
  • DEME medium was used as the normal control group, and DMEM medium and the final concentration of 0.25 mg/ml AGEs were used as the AGEs group. After 24 hours of incubation in a 5% CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C, cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.
  • Extracellular matrix proliferation of mesangial cells is a major pathological feature of chronic kidney disease such as diabetic nephropathy, and is an important target for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.
  • TGFP-1 antibody (CantaCruz product); secondary antibody (Jingmei Bioengineering Co., Ltd.); ready-to-use SABC immunohistochemical staining kit (Boster's product); DAB color system (Gene Tech Biotechnology Company Limited); Wet box (Fuzhou Maixin Biotechnology Development Company).
  • sucrose model was the same as that in the experimental example 1, the normal control group, the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus, the isoflavone group, the isoflavone group and the isoflavone-muscle isoflavone group.
  • the hydroxyproline content in the culture medium was achieved by expression of mesangial cells 1.
  • TGFP-1 cell immunohistochemical staining After the cells were covered with slides, the supernatants of the cells were aspirated for hydroxyproline content detection; the cells were removed and fixed, and then left for TGFP-1 cell immunohistochemical staining and PAS staining. TGFP-1 immunohistochemistry In the staining, the TGFP-1 antibody was not used as a negative control group.
  • aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus the single use and the combined use of the isoflavones and the isoflavones can inhibit the extracellular matrix proliferation and the expression of TGFP-1 in the mesangial cells caused by high glucose.
  • the high-dose group (10, ⁇ ) of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides was better than the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus, and the combined effect was slightly better than that of single use.
  • Wistar rats of the diabetic nephropathy model produced by streptozotocin (STZ) (provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University); BIOBASE-PEARL discrete automatic biochemical analyzer (Shandong BI0BASE).
  • Wistar rats confirmed to be diabetic nephropathy model were randomly divided into 11 groups, 10 in each group, BP: model group; high, medium and low dose groups of verrucous isoflavones (6, 2, 0.7 mg/kg); Dose group (9, 3, lmg/kg); hairy isoflavone-muscle isoflavone glycosides (2: 1, 3 mg/kg); veratose isoflavone-melan isoflavone glycosides (1: 2, 3 mg/kg); Group (5 g/kg); positive control group (aminoguanidine, 100 mg/kg). Another 10 normal Wistar rats were used as normal control group.
  • Each group was intragastrically administered with the same drug or physiological saline once a day for 14 weeks.
  • the metabolic cage collects urine for 24 hours, calculates the urine volume, and measures the total protein, microalbumin, and creatinine content in the urine; the blood is taken from the eyelids, and the biochemical indicators are determined by the automatic biochemical analyzer; Formaldehyde is fixed and left for histopathological examination. All measurements were expressed as ⁇ s, and statistical analysis was performed using the inter-group ⁇ test.
  • SOD superoxide dismutase: MDA: malondialdehyde; Scr: serum creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AGEs: terminal glycosylation product; LDL: low density lipoprotein.

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Description

一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制药领域。 具体地说, 涉及一种以毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷为活性成 分的药物组合物及其在制备防治糖尿病肾病药物中的应用。 背景技术
糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy, DN)是糖尿病常见的并发症, 是糖尿病全身性微血 管病变表现之一,通常指由于糖尿病引起的肾小球基底膜增厚,系膜扩张以及胞外基质增生, 导致肾小球的高滤过和蛋白尿。 临床特征为蛋白尿, 渐进性肾功能损害, 高血压, 水肿, 晚 期出现严重肾功能衰竭, 是糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因之一。据统计, 约 30-40%的糖尿病患 者会出现肾脏损害。 在美国, 糖尿病肾病是导致终末期肾功能衰竭的首要原因, 在欧洲居第 二位。 目前, 我国糖尿病肾病在终末期肾功能衰竭患者中所占的比例也已上升至 15%。 随着 糖尿病发生率的不断增高和社会人口老龄化, 这个数字还将继续攀升。
目前针对糖尿病肾病尚无很好的治疗药物, 临床上的主要药物是降糖药, 降压药等, 如 胰岛素、 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 (ACEI , 如卡托普利) 等。 然而, 这些药物长期应用均会 产生较严重的毒副作用, 如糖尿病患者长期使用有可能加重高血钾, 另外部分患者服用后可 因伴功能性或器质性肾动脉狭窄而诱发急性肾功能衰竭, 等等。 因此, 研制开发高效低毒的 防治糖尿病肾病的药物具有十分重要的意义。
糖尿病肾病又可称为 "糖尿病肾小球硬化症" 。 肾小球系膜细胞是肾小球的主要成分, 约占肾小球细胞总数的 30-40%。 肾小球系膜细胞具有多种功能, 如分泌细胞基质、产生细胞 因子, 并具有吞噬清除大分子物质以及类似平滑肌细胞的收缩功能, 是肾小球中功能最活跃 的一类细胞。 系膜细胞是分泌产生细胞外基质 (ECM)的主要细胞之一, 而 ECM聚集则是肾小 球硬化的关键机制。 因此, 系膜细胞病变在糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程中起着极其重要的作 用。
黄芪为我国传统常用中药, 具有补气固表, 利尿托毒, 排脓, 敛疮生肌等功效,应用黄 芪治疗糖尿病及其肾病并发症符合中医药学的理论与实践。 近年来, 大量动物实验和临床疗 效证实, 黄芪及其制剂对糖尿病肾病具有明确的治疗作用, 然而其起治疗作用的有效成分尚 不清楚。 因此, 有必要对其进行深入研究, 以开发出有效成分明确, 作用机理清楚, 质量易 于控制的防治糖尿病肾病的现代中药制剂。 确 i 本 前期研究表明, 黄酮类成分是黄芪中主要活性成分之一, 具有清除自由基、 调节免疫、 抗病毒和抗肿瘤等多种药理活性。毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷 (毛蕊异黄酮苷)是黄芪中两种含量较 高的黄酮类成分。 专利 CN01126608. 2公开了毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷具有抗心肌缺血作用, 专 利 CN200510110641. 3公开了毛蕊异黄酮苷具有抑制柯萨奇病毒及治疗病毒性心肌炎的作用。 此外, 文献还报道了毛蕊异黄酮或毛蕊异黄酮苷具有抗氧化(Biomed Environ Sci, 2005, 18 (5): 297-301)、 保护血管内皮细胞(中国药学杂志, 2008, 43 (8): 594-597; 中药药理 与临床, 2000, 16 (4): 16-18)、阻滞钙通道(Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2006, 27 (8): 1007-1012)、 改善红细胞变形能力(天然产物研究与开发, 1999, 6 (2): 1-5)以及减缓骨关节炎病变 (Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2007, 15 (9): 1086-1092)等作用。
虽然文献报道它们具有多方面的药理活性, 然而, 毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷对糖尿病肾病的 防治效果如何, 国内外尚无报道。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物及其制备方法, 该药物组合物 的活性成分是毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷。
解决上述问题的技术方案如下:
一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物, 该药物组合物由毛蕊异黄酮或毛蕊异黄酮苷中的一 种或两种作为活性成分, 和常规的药物载体组成, 所述活性成分的重量百分比含量为 0. 1-99. 5%。
优选地, 所述活性成分的重量百分比含量为 5-90%。
优选地, 该药物组合物由毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷中作为活性成分, 和常规的药物载 体组成, 毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷的重量比为 1 : 5-5: 1。
本发明药物组合物所述常规的药用载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体, 例如: 稀释剂、 赋形剂如水等, 填充剂如淀粉、 蔗糖等; 粘合剂如纤维素衍生物、 藻酸盐、 明胶和聚乙烯吡 咯垸酮; 湿润剂如甘油; 崩解剂如琼脂、 碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠; 吸收促进剂如季铵化合物; 表 面活性剂如十六烷醇; 吸附载体如高岭土和皂粘土; 润滑剂如滑石粉、 硬脂酸钙和镁、 和聚 乙二醇等。 另外还可以在组合物中加入其它辅剂如香味剂、 甜味剂等。
本发明药物组合物可以通过常规制剂方法制备成常规的剂型,常规剂型主要为口服制剂, 如固体制剂片剂、 颗粒剂、 丸剂、 粉剂、 粒剂、 胶囊等, 液体制剂水或油悬浮剂或其它液体 制剂如酏剂等。 本发明所述药物组合物的使用剂量可随特定的给药方式、病症的严重程度等而相应调整。 一般情况下, 本发明药物的临床口服用量根据动物 (大鼠)体内实验的治疗有效量 2-10mg/kg 体重 /次, 按照体表面积换算得到人体的用药剂量为 20- 100mg/60kg体重 /次。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述药物组合物的制备方法。 采用了以下技术方案- 一种药物组合物的制备方法, 将所述活性成分毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷中的一种或两 种与所述常规的药物载体混合, 即得。
所述活性成分的提取包括以下步骤:
A. 取黄芪粉碎,加 80%乙醇回流提取后过滤,合并滤液,减压回收溶剂,浓缩至无醇味, 得黄芪醇提液, 置冰箱冷藏过夜;
B. 取步骤 A的黄芪醇提液上清液用大孔树脂吸附,先用纯水洗脱至流出液澄清,再用 50% 乙醇洗脱至薄层色谱检测无毛蕊异黄酮苷斑点为止;
C. 收集 50%乙醇洗脱液减压浓缩,经等体积的醋酸乙酯萃取,合并萃取液浓缩得黄芪总 黄酮浸膏;
D. 浸膏以硅胶柱层析, 氯仿 -甲醇 =50: 1-1 : 1梯度洗脱, 薄层跟踪检测, 合并相同的流 份, 静置析晶, 抽滤, 经甲醇重结晶, 得毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷。
毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷可以按上述提取方法从其他中药材中提取。
本发明还提供了毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷在制备防治糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用, 所 述糖尿病肾病为 I、 Π、 III、 IV期糖尿病肾病。
本发明药物组合物具有以下有益效果:
1. 本发明通过药理实验发现了毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷具有防治糖尿病肾病的新医药用途, 同 时也为糖尿病肾病患者提供了新的治疗候选药物。
2. 本发明的药物组合物对糖尿病肾病的防治效果优于黄芪水提液, 且活性成分结构明确, 质量易于控制, 克服了传统中药中有效成分不明确、 质量控制难等的缺点。
3. 本发明的药物组合物具有显著治疗和预防糖尿病时肾小球损害的作用, 由于可显著预防 糖尿病时血肌酐的升高、 显著降低糖尿病大鼠的尿量和尿蛋白, 表明对糖尿病肾病有显 著的防治作用。
4. 本发明的药物组合物可加工成口服剂型如滴丸、 冲剂、 片剂等, 使用方便。 附图说明
图 1是毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞外基质增生的影响 (PAS, 200X);
其中: A: 正常对照组; B: 高糖组 (25mM); C: 黄芪水提液 (50mg/ml); D: 毛蕊异黄酮 (ΙΟΟηΜ); E: 毛蕊异黄酮(lOnM); F: 毛蕊异黄酮(lnM); G: 毛蕊异黄酮苷(ΙΟΟηΜ); H: 毛 蕊异黄酮苷(ΙΟηΜ) : I: 毛蕊异黄酮苷(lnM) ; J:毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷 (10μβ/πι1:5μ§/ιη1); Κ:毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(5 μ g/ml: 10 μ g/ml)。
图 2是毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞外 TGF0-1表达的影响 (200X);
其中: A: 正常对照组; B: 高糖组 (25mM); C: 阴性对照组(未加 TGF β - 1 抗体); D: 毛蕊异黄酮(ΙΟΟηΜ); E: 毛蕊异黄酮(lOnM); E: 毛蕊异黄酮(lnM); F: 毛蕊异黄酮(lnM); G: 毛蕊异黄酮苷(ΙΟΟηΜ); H: 毛蕊异黄酮苷 (ΙΟηΜ) ; I: 毛蕊异黄酮苷(lnM); J: 黄芪水提 液 (50mg/ml); K:毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(10μ g/ml:5y g/ml); L:毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄 酮苷(5μ g/ml:10 g/ml)。 具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例来说明本发明。
实施例 1: 毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷的制备
取干燥黄芪药材 10kg, 以 8倍量 80%乙醇回流提取 3次(2小时, 1小时, 1小时),过滤, 合并滤液, 减压回收溶剂, 浓缩至无醇味, 得黄芪醇提液, 置 4°C冰箱中冷藏过夜, 上清液 用 D101型大孔树脂吸附, 先用纯水洗脱至流出液澄清, 再用 50%乙醇洗脱至 TLC检测无毛蕊 异黄酮苷斑点为止。 收集 50%乙醇洗脱液经减压浓缩后, 用等体积的醋酸乙酯萃取 7次, 合 并萃取液后回收溶剂,真空干燥,得到黄芪总黄酮。黄芪总黄酮再经 200- 300目硅胶柱层析, 以氯仿 -甲醇 50:1-1:1梯度(50: 1、 25: 1、 12: 1、 6: 1、 3: 1、 1.5: 1、 1: 1)洗脱, 薄 层跟踪检测, 合并相同的流份, 静置析晶, 抽滤, 甲醇重结晶, 分别得到白色针状结晶(毛 蕊异黄酮)和白色粉末状结晶(毛蕊异黄酮苷), 化学结构经质谱和核磁共振等波谱手段确证, 纯度经 HPLC检测大于 98%。它们的结构式分别如下:毛蕊异黄酮(calycosin),分子量为 284, 分子式为 Cl6H1205, 化学名为 3' -羟基 -4' -甲氧基异黄酮;
Figure imgf000007_0001
毛蕊异黄酮苷(calycosin- 7- Ο- β -D-glucopyranoside), 分子量为 446, 分子式为 C22H22010, 化学名为 3 ' -羟基 -4 ' -甲氧基异黄酮 -7-0- e -D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
Figure imgf000007_0002
实施例 2 本发明药物组合物颗粒剂的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮苷)
毛蕊异黄酮苷 lmg
淀粉 500mg
微晶纤维素 500mg
制备方法: 将毛蕊异黄酮苷与各种辅料混合均匀后, 用适量水制软材, 制粒、 干燥、 整 粒、 分装即得。 实施例 3 本发明药物组合物片剂的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮苷)
毛蕊异黄酮苷 20mg
乳糖 127mg
玉米淀粉 50mg
硬脂酸镁 3mg
制备方法: 将毛蕊异黄酮苷过 80 目筛, 与乳糖和玉米淀粉混合均匀, 加入适量的水并 将粉末制粒, 干燥后, 将此颗粒过筛并与其余赋形剂混合, 压片即得。 实施例 4 本发明药物组合物胶囊的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷)
毛蕊异黄酮 30mg
毛蕊异黄酮苷 70mg
乳糖 40mg 糊精 15mg
淀粉 45mg
3%HPMC 适量
制备方法: 将毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮苷过 80 目筛, 与糊精、 淀粉、 乳糖按等量倍增 法混合均匀, 加入预先配好的 HMPC溶液制成软材, 制粒, 干燥, 整粒, 装胶囊即得。 实施例 5 本发明药物组合物颗粒剂的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮)
毛蕊异黄酮 50mg
淀粉 400mg
微晶纤维素 550mg
制备方法: 将毛蕊异黄酮过 80 目筛, 再与各种辅料混合均匀后, 用适量水制软材, 制 粒、 干燥、 整粒、 分装即得。 实施例 6 本发明药物组合物胶囊的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷)
毛蕊异黄酮 120mg
毛蕊异黄酮苷 60mg
糊精 10mg
淀粉 10mg
制备方法: 将毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮苷过 80 目筛, 与糊精、 淀粉、 乳糖按等量倍增 法混合均匀, 加入预先配好的 HMPC溶液制成软材, 制粒, 干燥, 整粒, 装胶囊即得。 实施例 7 本发明药物组合物片剂的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮)
毛蕊异黄酮 200mg
HPMC 2mg
制备方法: 毛蕊异黄酮过 80目筛, 加入预先配好的 HMPC溶液制成软材, 制粒, 压片即 得。 实施例 8 本发明药物组合物片剂的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮苷)
毛蕊异黄酮苷 200mg
HPMC 2mg 制备方法: 毛蕊异黄酮苷过 80目筛, 加入预先配好的 HMPC溶液制成软材, 制粒, 压片 即得。 实施例 9 本发明药物组合物胶囊的制备 (活性成分为毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷)
毛蕊异黄酮 80mg
毛蕊异黄酮苷 20mg
乳糖 40mg
糊精 15rag
淀粉 45mg
3%HPMC 适量
制备方法: 将毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮苷过 80 目筛, 与糊精、 淀粉、 乳糖按等量倍增 法混合均匀, 加入预先配好的 HMPC溶液制成软材, 制粒, 干燥, 整粒, 装胶囊即得。
本发明对毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷用于药理实验, 以证实其对糖尿病肾病的防治 作用, 同时与黄芪水提液的防治效果进行平行比较。
实验例 1 :
毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷对高糖及 AGEs诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响。 肾小球系膜细胞是肾小球中最活跃的反应性细胞, 其病理变化在糖尿病肾病的发生和发 展中居于中心地位, 是糖尿病肾病的靶细胞。 因此采用体外高糖和 AGEs培养大鼠肾小球系 膜细胞, 观察毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响。
1 材料与试剂
大鼠肾小球系膜细胞株 HBZY21 (武汉细胞生物研究所提供); DMEM培养基 (GIBC0) ; 新生 牛血清(杭州四季青血清厂); Thiazolyl噻唑蓝(Amresco分装); 二甲亚砜 (AR级, 上海久仡 化学试剂有限公司)。
C02培养箱(NAPC05410, PERCISION SCIENTIFIC); XSZ- D2倒置显微镜(重庆光学仪器厂); 超净工作台(苏州百神科技网络系统有限公司, 苏州市洁净技术研究所); Microplate Spectrophotometer (SPECTRA maxl90, 美国 AD公司); 医用离心机(LDZ5- 2, 北京医用离心机 厂)。
2 实验方法
2. 1 模型的建立
取对数生长期大鼠肾小球系膜细胞制成单细胞悬液, 以 lOO l/孔接种于 96孔板, 细胞 数 5 X 10 孔, 37°C 5%C02培养箱培养 24h后, 加入 100 μ 1无新生牛血清的 DMEM, 再孵育 24h使 细胞生长同步进入休止期(同步化)。 吸弃细胞上清液, 分别加入 ΙΟΟ μ Ι含不同浓度的葡萄糖 和 AGEs的含血清 DMEM, 每个浓度设置 6个重复, 分别于培养箱中培养 24h、 48h、 72h、 96h, MTT法观察不同浓度葡萄糖或 AGEs对鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响。 结果表明, 0. 25mg/ml AGEs或 25mM葡萄糖浓度, 培养时间 24h时肾小球系膜细胞效果最好, 作为本实验造模条件。 2, 2 高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖实验
取 96孔板培养的同步化过的细胞(细胞培养方法同 2. 1), 每孔均加入葡萄糖终浓度为 25mM的高糖 DMEM培养基 0. lml, 再向孔内分别添加 0. lml梯度稀释的毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮 苷溶液 (终浓度分别为 10、 ΙΟΟηΜ) , 毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷 (终浓度 10 μ g/ml : 5 μ g/ml)、 毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(终浓度 5 μ g/ml: 10 μ g/ml) ,和黄芪水提液 (50mg/ml) , 每个稀释 度 6个复孔。 以只加普通 DEME培养基 (葡萄糖终浓度 5. 5mM)为正常对照组, 以加葡萄糖终浓度 为 25mM的高糖 DMEM培养基为高糖组。 于 37°C 5%C02培养箱培养 24h后, MTT法测定细胞增殖情 况。
2. 3 AGEs诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖实验
每孔均加入终浓度为 0. 25mg/mlAGEs的 DMEM培养基 0. 1ml, 再向孔内分别添加 0. 1ml梯度 稀释的毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮苷溶液 (终浓度分别为 10、 100nM)、 毛蕊异黄酮 -毛蕊异黄酮 苷 (终浓度 10 u g/ml: 5 μ g/ml)、毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷 (终浓度 5 μ g/ml: 10 μ g/ml) ,和黄 芪水提液 (50mg/ml), 每个稀释度 6个复孔。 以只加 DEME培养基为正常对照组, 以加 DMEM培养 基和终浓度为 0. 25mg/mlAGEs为 AGEs组。 于 37°C 5%C02培养箱培养 24h后, MTT法测定细胞增殖 情况。
3 实验结果
3. 1 毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响
从表 1可以看出, 25mM葡萄糖能显著促进大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖, 黄芪水提液、 单用 及合用不同浓度的毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷均能显著抑制高糖作用下的大鼠系膜细胞的 增殖, 且高浓度剂量组和毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(1 : 2)组的效果明显优于黄芪水提液组, 毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(1 : 2)组的效果略优于毛蕊异黄酮组和毛蕊异黄酮苷组。这表明毛 蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷可以在糖尿病肾病早期治疗中发挥一定作用。 表 1 毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响
Figure imgf000011_0001
毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组
10 μ g/ml : 5 g/ral 0. 35 ±0. 05*
(2 : 1)
毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组
5 μ g/ml: 10 μ g/ml
(1 : 2)
和高糖组比较: * p<0. 05; 和黄芪水提液组比较: # p〈0. 05
3. 2 毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷对 AGEs诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响
从表 2可以看出, 0. 25mg/mlAGEs能显著促进大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖, 黄芪水提液、 毛 蕊异黄酮(ΙΟΟηΜ)和毛蕊异黄酮苷(10ηΜ、 ΙΟΟηΜ)均能显著抑制 AGEs诱发的大鼠系膜细胞的增 殖, 单用及合用毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷效果均优于黄芪水提液组, 合用毛蕊异黄酮-毛 蕊异黄酮苷组的效果均优于毛蕊异黄酮组。 这表明毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷可以在糖 尿病肾病早期治疗中发挥一定作用。
表 2 毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷对 AGEs诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜
细胞增殖的影响( 土 s,n=6)
组别 剂量 OD (入 =490nm) 正常对照组 一 0.35±0.04*
AGEs组 一 0.42±0.05 黄芪水提液组 50mg/ml 0.35±0.05*
ΙΟηΜ 0.42 ±0.04 毛蕊异黄酮组
• ΙΟΟηΜ 0.34 ±0.04*
ΙΟηΜ 0.34±0.06* 毛蕊异黄酮苷组
ΙΟΟηΜ 0.33 ±0.04* 毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组
10μ g/ml:5u g/ml 0.36±0.05*
(2:1)
毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组
5μ g/ml:10 g/ml 0.33±0· 03*
(1:2)
和 AGEs组比较: *p〈0.05
实验例 2:
毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞外基质增生的影响。 肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质增生, 是糖尿病肾病等慢性肾病主要病理特征, 是治疗糖尿 病肾病等慢性肾病的重要靶点。
1 材料与试剂
TGFP-1抗体 (CantaCruz 产品); 二抗(晶美生物工程有限公司); 即用型 SABC免疫组化 染色试剂盒(博士德公司产品); DAB显色系统(Gene Tech Biotechnology Company Limited); 免疫组化湿盒 (福州迈新生物技术开发公司)。
2 实验方法
髙糖模型的建立同实验例 1, 正常对照组、 黄芪水提物组、 毛蕊异黄酮组、 毛蕊异黄酮 苷组及毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组同实验例 1中 2.1项, 基质增生的评价通过测定培养液中 羟脯氨酸含量, 系膜细胞 1的表达来实现。 培养细胞时预先在 24孔板孔内放置盖玻片, 让细胞贴附, 经同步化后给予相应药物。 细胞铺满玻片后, 吸出细胞上清, 作羟脯氨酸含量 检测; 取出细胞爬片, 固定, 留作 TGFP- 1细胞免疫组化染色、 PAS染色。 TGFP- 1免疫组化 染色中, 以未加 TGFP-1抗体为阴性对照组。
3 实验结果
3.1 毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞培养液中羟脯氨酸的 影响
从表 3可以看出, 25mM的葡萄糖能显著提高大鼠肾小球系膜细胞培养液中羟脯氨酸的 含量, 黄芪水提液、 单用及合用毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷均能对抗高糖诱发的系膜细胞培 养液中羟脯氨酸的含量增高, 且高剂量组 (ΙΟΟηΜ) 的效果明显优于黄芪水提液组, 毛蕊异 黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组(1: 2)组的效果明显优于 (2: 1)组。 表 3 毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷对高糖诱发的肾小球系膜细胞培养上清液中羟脯氨酸的影 响( ±s,n=3)
组别 浓度 羟脯氨酸(μ g/ml) 正常对照组 4.18 + 0.37*** 高糖组 ― 10.06±1.20 黄芪水提液组 50mg/ml 7.58±1·95*
7.15±1.19* 毛蕊异黄酮组
6.65±1.74**8
10nM 6.25±1.20*** 毛蕊异黄酮糖苷组
lOOnM 6.00±1.53**** 毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组
10 g/ml:5 g/ml 7.05±1.04* (2:1)
毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷组
5 μ g/ml: 10 μ g/ml 6.10±1.13*β* (1:2)
和高糖组比较: *p<0.05, **p<0.01; 和黄芪水提液组比较: " ρ<0.05, m p<0.01
3.2 对高糖诱发的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞外基质增生的影响
由图 1、 2可以看出, 黄芪水提物、 单用及合用毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷均能对抗由 高糖引起的肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质增生以及 TGFP-1的表达, 毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮 苷中高剂量组 (10、 ΙΟΟηΜ) 的效果优于黄芪水提液, 合用的效果略优于单用。 由实验例 1、 实验例 2可以看出: 本发明药物组合物的活性成分毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮 苷可以明显对抗由高浓度葡萄糖引起的肾小球系膜细胞的增殖、 细胞外基质增生与 TGF P -1 的表达, 上述作用支持本发明的药物组合物具有治疗糖尿病肾病的药理基础。 实验例 3:
毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷对链脲佐菌素 (STZ)诱发的糖尿病肾病模型大鼠的影响。 1 材料与试剂
链脲佐菌素 (STZ)制作的糖尿病肾病模型的 Wistar大鼠(由南方医科大学实验动物中心 提供); BIOBASE-PEARL分立式全自动生化分析仪(山东 BI0BASE公司)。
2 实验方法
将确认为糖尿病肾病模型的 Wistar大鼠, 随机分为 11组, 每组 10只, BP : 模型组; 毛蕊 异黄酮高中低剂量组 (6、 2、 0. 7mg/kg); 毛蕊异黄酮苷高中低剂量组 (9、 3、 lmg/kg); 毛蕊 异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷 (2 : 1, 3 mg/kg); 毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(1 : 2, 3 mg/kg); 黄芪水 提液组(5g/kg) ; 阳性对照组 (氨基胍, 100mg/kg)。 另取正常 Wistar大鼠 10只为正常对照组。
每天各组同体积不同浓度灌胃给予相应药物或生理盐水 1次, 连续给药 14周。 给药结束 后, 代谢笼收集 24小时尿液, 计算尿量, 并测定尿液中总蛋白、 微白蛋白、 肌酐含量; 眼 眶取血, 全自动生化仪测定各生化指标; 取肾, 10%甲醛固定, 留作病理组织学检查。 所有 测定结果用 士 s,表示, 采用组间 ί检验进行统计学分析。
3 实验结果
3. 1 对 STZ糖尿病肾病模型大鼠尿量、 尿蛋白及肌酐的影响
从表 4可以看出,中高剂量毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷均能显著减少 STZ糖尿病肾病模 型大鼠的尿量、 尿蛋白、 微量白蛋白以及尿肌酐, 同时毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷在降低尿蛋白、 尿肌酐含量等肾病重要指标方面明显优于黄芪水提液组, 合用效果优于单用或相当。 表 4 毛蕊异黄酮及毛蕊异黄酮苷对 STZ糖尿病肾病模型大鼠尿蛋白、 尿肌酐等的影响
(x±s ' n=10)
剂量
组别 尿量(ml) 尿蛋白(mg) 微白蛋白(mg) 尿肌酐 (raM)
(mg/kg)
正常对照组 ― 9.2±1.5** 18.5±7.7** 0.29 ±0.07** 12.4±2.2** 模型组 65.6±25.3 79.4±29.2 1.63±0.85 1.0±0.3 氨基胍组 100 36.2±21.8* 43.2 ±29.9* 1.00±0.27* 4.0±2.3** 黄芪水提液组 5000 45.3士 20.4* 54.1±24.5* 1.05±0.52* 2.1±1.0*
0.7 59·9±21.8 69.1±20.4 1.57±0.56 1.4±0.6 毛蕊异黄酮组 2 41.3±16.8* 54·0±17.4* 0.93±0.55* 2.9±1.2**
6 35.9 ±22.2* 46.2±21.3** 0.92±0.42* 4.3±2.0***8
1 58.9±20.5 67.1±18.4 1.52±0.56 1·3±0.6 毛蕊异黄酮苷组 3 42.3±12.8* 55.0±13.4* 0.90 ±0.45* 2.7±1· 1**
9 33.9 ±20.2*# 44.2 ±20.6** 0·93±0.22* 4.2±1.6**" 毛蕊异黄酮-毛
蕊异黄酮苷组 3 35.3±13.0** 50.9 ±23.7* 0.89±0.35* 2.7±0.6**
(2:1)
毛蕊异黄酮-毛
蕊异黄酮苷组 3 30.7 ±24.7*# 43.5±15.8** 0.88 ±0.26* 2.8±0.7**
• (1:2)
和模型组比较: *p<0.05, **p<0.01; 和黄芪水提液组比较: η ρ<0.05, m ρ<0.01
3.2对 STZ糖尿病肾病模型大鼠血清生化指标的影响
从表 5可以看出, 黄芪水提液、 中高剂量毛蕊异黄酮、 毛蕊异黄酮苷、合用毛蕊异黄酮- 毛蕊异黄酮苷均能显著降低糖尿病肾病模型动物血清中甘油三酯、 MDA、 Scr、 BUN, AGEs、 LDL水平, 显著提高血清中 SOD的活性, 且中高剂量毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷、 合用毛蕊 异黄酮 -毛蕊异黄酮苷效果优于黄芪水提液或相当, 合用毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(1:2)较 单用效果好。 表 5 毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷对 STZ糖尿病肾病大鼠血清脂质、 尿素氮、 肌酐肾组织脂质过氧化的影响(X土 s, n=10)
剂量 甘油三酯 SOD DA Scr BUN LDL 组别 AGEs
mg/kg mmol/L U/ml nmol/mL umol/L mmol/L mmol/L 正常对照组 1·89±0· 22** 525 + 26** 4.4 + 0.7** 71.7±19, 2** 6.5±0.7** 264 ±53** 0.78±0.30 模型组 3.36 ±0.72 481±25 9.3±2.6 96.3±13.4 7.9±1.3 351±59 2.12±0.6 氨基胍组 100 3.35±0· 87 516±20** 5.9±1.7** 77.7±20.3* 6.6±0.8* 283 ±78* 2.01±0.5
0.7 3.23±0.76 498 ±33 7.8±2.3 91.0±31.1 7.0±1.0 290 ±59 1.91±0.5 毛蕊异黄酮组 2 2.76±0.80* 513±41* 6.8±1.9* 76.6±24.5* 6.6±1.2* 289 ±56* 1.51±0.53
6 2.57±0.80* 520+29** 6·8±1.3* 75.2±17.1** 6.5±1.5* 281 ±78* 1.43±0.36
1 3.20±0.71 490±23 7.9±1.6 89.0±21.1 6.9±0.9 288土 44 1.94±0.4 毛蕊异黄酮苷组 3 2.66±0.72* 502±31* 6.5士 1.4* 73.5±22.5* 6.7±0.8* 281 ±46* 1.60±0.43
9 2.43±0.70* 512±19** 6.5±1.2* 74.2 ±16.0** 5.9±1.6* 275 ±68* 1.23±0.26 毛蕊异黄酮 -毛蕊
3 2.81±0.77* 503 ±24* 6.7±1.5* 76.8 ±23.4* 6.9±1.0 278±51* 1.47±0.45 异黄酮苷组 (2:1)
毛蕊异黄酮 -毛蕊
3 2.64±0.75* 500±27* 6.6±1.1* 73.0±23· 9** 6.2±0.9* 280 ±50* 1.43±0.32 异黄酮苷组 (1:2)
和模型组比较: *p<0.05, **p<0.01;
SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶: MDA: 丙二醛; Scr: 血肌酐; BUN: 血尿素氮; AGEs: 终末糖基化产物; LDL: 低密度脂蛋白。
3.3 对 STZ糖尿病肾病模型大鼠病理组织学的影响
从表 6可以看出,毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷均能显著减少由 STZ诱发的糖尿病肾病模 型大鼠中细胞外基质增生和 TGFP-1的表达, 降低损伤病理学评分, 其中毛蕊异黄酮苷高剂 量组和毛蕊异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(1: 2)组在减少 TGF β -1表达方面优于黄芪水提液组, 毛蕊 异黄酮-毛蕊异黄酮苷(1:2)组效果略优于单用。
表 6 毛蕊异黄酮及其糖苷对 STZ糖尿病肾病模型大鼠病理组织学的影响(x±s, n=10) 组别 剂量 (mg/kg) 病理评分 基质增生评分 (PAS%) 正常对照组 ― 3.4±1.5** 0.3±0.5** 22.1±4.4** 模型组 ― 23.a c 7±5.6 3.4±1.3 36.2±3.6 氨基胍组 100 11.7±5.7** 2.1±1. 0* 26.5 + 4.3** 黄芪水提液组 5000 16.3±5.4* 1.9±2.0* 32.8±4.3
0.7 19.3±6.3* 2.7±1.0 33.1±5.1 毛蕊异黄酮组 2 17.6±5.8* 1.8±1.3* 29.8 ±5.6**
6 8.8 ±3.2** 1·6±1.1** 27.0±5.5**
1 20.0±4.3* 2.8±0.9 32.5±4.1 毛蕊异黄酮苷组 3 16.2±4.7* 1.9±1.1* 28.9 ±5.4**
9 9.1±2.2*** 1.7 + 0.9** 26.9 + 4.5** 毛蕊异黄酮-毛
蕊异黄酮苷组 3 17.4±4.0* 2.0±1.6* 29.1±5.5**
(2:1)
毛蕊异黄酮-毛
蕊异黄酮苷组 3 12.9 ±3.6*** 1.8±0.9* 27.3 ±4.7**
(1:2)
和模型组比较: *p〈0.05, **p<0.01; 和黄芪水提液组比较: * p<0.05
实验例 3结果表明本发明药物组合物的活性成分对抗糖尿病肾病发生、 发展细胞病理环 节, 对 STZ糖尿病肾病模型大鼠有保护作用; 还有降低肾脏氧化应激程度、 减少终末糖基化 产物引起纤维化, 且防治效果明显优于黄芪水提液。

Claims

权 利 要 求
一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物, 其特征在于: 该药物组合物由毛蕊异黄酮或毛蕊异 黄酮苷中的一种或两种作为活性成分, 和常规的药物载体组成, 所述活性成分的重量百 分比含量为 0. 1-99. 5%。
根据权利要求 1所述的防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物,其特征在于: 该药物组合物由毛蕊 异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷作为活性成分, 和常规的药物载体组成, 所述毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊 异黄酮苷的重量比为 1 : 5-5: 1。
根据权利要求 1或 2所述的防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物, 其特征在于: 所述的常规的药 物载体为稀释剂、 赋形剂、 填充剂、 粘合剂、 湿润剂、 崩解剂、 吸收促进剂、 表面活性 剂、 吸附载体、 润滑剂、 香味剂或甜味剂中的至少一种, 其中赋形剂为水, 填充剂选自 淀粉、 蔗糖或乳糖; 粘合剂选自纤维素衍生物、 藻酸盐、 明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮; 湿润 剂为甘油; 崩解剂选自琼脂、 碳酸钙或碳酸氢钠; 吸收促进剂为季铵化合物; 表面活性 剂为十六烷醇; 吸附载体为高岭土或皂粘土; 润滑剂选自滑石粉、 硬脂酸钙、 硬脂酸镁 或聚乙二醇。
根据权利要求 3所述的防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物,其特征在于: 所述药物组合物为片 剂、 颗粒剂、 丸剂、 粉剂、 粒剂、 胶囊或液体制剂。
一种制备权利要求 1所述的防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于:将所述活 性成分毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷中的一种或两种与所述常规的药物载体混合, 即得。 根据权利要求 6所述的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述活性成分的毛蕊异黄酮 和毛蕊异黄酮苷提取包括以下步骤:
A. 取黄芪粉碎, 加乙醇回流提取后过滤, 合并滤液, 减压回收溶剂, 浓缩至无醇味, 得黄芪醇提液, 置冰箱冷藏过夜;
B. 取步骤 A的黄芪醇提液上清液用大孔树脂吸附,先用纯水洗脱至流出液澄清,再用 50% 乙醇洗脱至薄层色谱检测无毛蕊异黄酮苷斑点为止;
C. 收集 50%乙醇洗脱液减压浓缩,经等体积的醋酸乙酯萃取, 合并萃取液浓缩得黄芪总 黄酮浸膏;
D. 浸膏以硅胶柱层析, 氯仿-甲醇 =50: 1-1 : 1梯度洗脱, 薄层跟踪检测, 合并相同的流 份, 静置析晶, 抽滤, 经甲醇重结晶, 得毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷。
毛蕊异黄酮和 /或毛蕊异黄酮苷在制备防治糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用。
PCT/CN2009/000352 2009-01-16 2009-04-01 一种防治糖尿病肾病的药物组合物及其制备方法 WO2010081264A1 (zh)

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