WO2010073429A1 - アレーアンテナ装置 - Google Patents
アレーアンテナ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010073429A1 WO2010073429A1 PCT/JP2009/004025 JP2009004025W WO2010073429A1 WO 2010073429 A1 WO2010073429 A1 WO 2010073429A1 JP 2009004025 W JP2009004025 W JP 2009004025W WO 2010073429 A1 WO2010073429 A1 WO 2010073429A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/32—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an array antenna apparatus including a plurality of variable directional antennas whose main radiation directions can be electrically switched, and more particularly to an array antenna apparatus that supplies power to two or more variable directional antennas simultaneously.
- IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11g have a data transmission rate of 54 Mbps, but recently, research and development of a wireless system for realizing a higher transmission rate has become active.
- a MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) communication system is attracting attention as one of the technologies for realizing high-speed wireless communication systems.
- This is a technology that increases the transmission capacity and improves the communication speed by providing a plurality of antenna elements on both the transmitter side and the receiver side and realizing a spatially multiplexed transmission path.
- next-generation wireless communication systems such as mobile phone communication systems and IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX).
- transmission data is distributed and transmitted to a plurality of power supply antenna elements in a transmitter, transmitted using a plurality of virtual MIMO channels, and a receiver receives signals from the plurality of power supply antenna elements. Received data is obtained by signal processing.
- a plurality of omnidirectional feeding antenna elements such as a dipole antenna and a sleeve antenna are used. In this case, the correlation between the feeding antenna elements is large unless the distance between the feeding antenna elements is sufficiently separated or the respective feeding antenna elements are tilted in different directions and combined with different polarizations. Thus, there is a problem that the transmission quality is deteriorated.
- the array antenna device of Patent Document 1 is configured by arranging three printed wiring boards so as to surround the periphery of a half-wavelength dipole antenna installed vertically on a dielectric support substrate. A high-frequency signal is supplied to the half-wave dipole antenna via a balanced feed cable. Moreover, on the back surface of each printed wiring board, two sets of parasitic antenna elements (non-excited elements) are provided in parallel, with two printed antenna elements (elements made of a conductor pattern) as a set. In the parasitic antenna element, the two printed antenna elements are provided to face each other with a predetermined gap.
- a through-hole conductor is provided at the opposite end of each printed antenna element, and is connected to the electrode terminal on the front side of the printed wiring board.
- a variable capacitance diode is mounted between two electrode terminals, each electrode terminal is further connected to a pair cable via a high-frequency blocking high resistance, and the pair cable is directed to the array antenna device. It is connected to applied bias voltage terminals DC + and DC ⁇ of a controller that controls the characteristics. By switching the applied bias voltage from the controller, the reactance value of the variable capacitance diode connected to the parasitic antenna element changes. Thereby, the electrical length of each parasitic antenna element is changed as compared with the half-wave dipole antenna, and the plane directivity of the array antenna apparatus is changed.
- the antenna device described in Patent Document 2 includes a linear radiating element disposed on the first surface, a first parasitic element disposed on the first surface in parallel with the radiating element, A first ground conductor disposed on one surface, a first switch connecting each end of the first parasitic element and the first ground conductor, and a second surface facing the first surface And a control means for controlling short-circuit / opening of the switch.
- a part of the first ground conductor is disposed in parallel to the radiating element on the opposite side of the first parasitic element across the radiating element, and the second ground conductor is disposed to face the radiating element. The end portion of the second ground conductor faces a region sandwiched between the radiating element and the first parasitic element.
- the directivity of the antenna can be switched between the back direction and the zenith direction by short-circuiting / opening the switch, as in voice communication and data communication. Even when the usage pattern of the wireless terminal is different, it is possible to perform high-quality communication by changing the antenna directivity suitable for the usage pattern.
- the directivity of each variable directivity antenna can be reduced so as to reduce the correlation between feeding antenna elements. Can be set.
- variable directivity antenna By using the variable directivity antenna described in Patent Document 1 or 2 for MIMO communication, the correlation between the feeding antenna elements can be reduced.
- the conventional variable directivity antenna is incorporated in a wireless communication device covered with metal, the change in directivity is hindered by the metal part of the housing around the antenna and the metal parts of the wireless communication device. There was a problem that the characteristics of the antenna deteriorated.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described conventional problems, and is a variable directivity array antenna device suitable for a MIMO communication system, in which a metal casing and a metal of a wireless communication device in which the array antenna device is mounted.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an array antenna apparatus in which directivity switching is not hindered by components.
- a plurality of variable directivity antennas each having one feeding antenna element and at least one parasitic antenna element;
- An array antenna device comprising at least one metal block longer than a length in a longitudinal direction of each of the feeding antenna elements, At least two of the plurality of variable directivity antennas are excited simultaneously;
- At least one of the metal blocks is provided at a predetermined distance to each of the feed antenna elements and acts as a reflector for the feed antenna element;
- Each of the parasitic antenna elements includes a switch circuit for switching the electrical length. By switching the electrical length by the switch circuit, a feed antenna element included in the same variable directivity antenna as the parasitic antenna element is used. On the other hand, it operates as a reflector.
- the array antenna device includes one metal block, and the one metal block is provided with a predetermined distance with respect to each of the feeding antenna elements, and is a reflector with respect to each of the feeding antenna elements. It operates as.
- one metal block is provided at a predetermined distance from each of the power supply antenna elements, and each metal block is connected to the corresponding power supply antenna element. It is characterized by operating as a reflector.
- the plurality of variable directivity antennas are provided on two opposing surfaces of the dielectric block, and the metal blocks are provided so as to penetrate the dielectric block. .
- each parasitic antenna element is a half-wave dipole antenna
- each switch circuit is a PIN diode connected in series between each parasitic antenna element.
- each parasitic antenna element is a half-wave dipole antenna
- each switch circuit is a variable capacitance diode connected in series between the parasitic antenna elements.
- each of the feeding antenna elements and each of the parasitic antenna elements is formed as a conductor pattern on a dielectric substrate.
- each of the feeding antenna elements and each of the parasitic antenna elements is a monopole element in which a conductor element having a quarter wavelength length is installed perpendicular to the ground conductor.
- each of the switch circuits is a PIN diode connected between a conductor element of each of the parasitic antenna elements and the ground conductor.
- each of the feeding antenna elements and each of the parasitic antenna elements is a monopole element in which a conductor element having a length of a quarter wavelength is installed perpendicular to the ground conductor.
- the switch circuits are variable capacitance diodes connected between the conductor elements of the parasitic antenna elements and the ground conductor.
- each of the feeding antenna elements is a dipole antenna.
- each of the feeding antenna elements is a sleeve antenna.
- the array antenna apparatus transmits / receives a plurality of radio signals according to the MIMO communication system.
- the metal block exists at a position away from the variable directivity antenna by a predetermined distance, and operates as a reflector for the feeding antenna element on the variable directivity antenna. Since the antenna substrate including the variable directivity antenna is disposed along the surface of the wireless communication device, the main radiation direction of the variable directivity antenna is always directed to the outside of the wireless communication device.
- Each variable directional antenna includes at least one parasitic antenna element, and each parasitic antenna element is connected to a switch circuit for switching its electrical length.
- the switch circuit is configured by a PIN diode or a variable reactance element, and the parasitic antenna element operates as a reflector by applying an appropriate voltage to the switch circuit.
- the metal block and the parasitic antenna element are each a reflector, the main radiation direction of the variable directivity antenna is changed to the azimuth direction while maintaining the state of going outward from the wireless communication device. Can do.
- the directivity can be switched without causing a decrease in the gain due to the influence of the metal housing or the metal component. Is possible.
- the main radiation directions of the variable directional antennas are different from each other. Therefore, the correlation between antenna elements becomes small, and it is possible to obtain good performance in MIMO communication.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a wireless communication device 1 including an antenna unit 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the detailed structure of the antenna unit 2 of FIG. It is a top view which shows the detailed structure of the antenna unit 2 of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of a switch circuit 51 in FIG. 2. It is a perspective view which shows the antenna unit 2 which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the antenna unit 2 of FIG. It is a top view which shows the antenna unit 2 which concerns on the 1st modification of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a MIMO wireless communication circuit including an antenna unit 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic which shows the effect of the metal block 21 in the antenna unit 2 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a wireless communication device 1 including an antenna unit 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a perspective view showing a detailed configuration of the antenna unit 2 of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a top view showing a detailed configuration of the antenna unit 2 of FIG.
- the wireless communication device 1 is a television device as shown in FIG. 1 or a reproduction device (for example, a DVD player), and is configured with a metal casing.
- An antenna unit 2 including a plurality of variable directivity antennas is provided by cutting out a part of the metal casing of the wireless communication device 1.
- the antenna unit 2 is used for performing at least one of transmission and reception of a radio frequency signal of 5 GHz band, for example, but is not limited to this frequency band.
- the antenna unit 2 of the present embodiment includes antenna substrates 11, 12, and 13 each having feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 configured so that directivity is variable. And metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 provided close to the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 of the antenna substrates 11, 12, and 13, respectively.
- the antenna boards 11 and 12 are provided on the + X side surface of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped antenna unit 2, and the antenna board 13 is provided on the ⁇ X side surface of the antenna unit 2.
- the antenna substrate 11 includes a feeding antenna element 31 patterned as a sleeve antenna on a dielectric printed wiring board, and two parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 patterned as a half-wave dipole antenna. .
- the feeding antenna element 31 and the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 are provided in parallel to the Z-axis direction.
- a feeding point 31 a provided as a high-frequency connector at one end of the feeding antenna element 31 is connected to a wireless communication circuit such as the MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit 200 in FIG. 12, whereby a wireless signal is transmitted / received via the feeding antenna element 31.
- Each parasitic antenna element 41, 42 is provided with switch circuits 51, 52 for adjusting the electrical length of the element.
- the antenna substrate 12 includes a feeding antenna element 32 having a feeding point 32a and parasitic antenna elements 43 and 44 having switching circuits 53 and 54, respectively.
- the feed antenna element 33 having a feed point and the parasitic antenna elements 45 and 46 having switch circuits 55 and 56, respectively, are configured.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a MIMO wireless communication circuit including the antenna unit 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- parasitic antenna elements 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, etc. are omitted for simplification of illustration.
- the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 are connected to the MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit 200, and the MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit 200 restores the original data stream from the radio signals received by the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 when receiving. While outputting to the output terminal 201, the signal quality concerning the received radio signal is calculated and sent to the controller 202.
- the MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit 200 multiplexes and modulates the data stream input from the input / output terminal 201 during transmission, and sends the modulated radio signals to the power supply antenna elements 31, 32, and 33, respectively.
- the MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit 200 simultaneously excites at least two of the three (or more) variable directional antennas according to the MIMO communication scheme.
- the controller 202 changes the directivity characteristics of the feed antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 by changing the control voltages of the switch circuits 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, and 56 (details will be described later).
- the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 are separated from the straight line on which the feeding antenna element 31 is located by a distance of a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication so that the feeding antenna element 31 is sandwiched between them. They are arranged on parallel lines.
- the distance of a quarter of the operating wavelength varies depending on the dielectric constant of the dielectric printed wiring board to be used, and becomes shorter as the dielectric constant is higher.
- the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 are each composed of two strip-shaped parasitic conductor elements.
- the two parasitic conductor elements of the parasitic antenna element 41 are arranged on a straight line with a predetermined distance from each other, and a switch circuit 51 is provided on the opposite side of the two parasitic conductor elements.
- the two parasitic conductor elements of the parasitic antenna element 42 are arranged in a straight line with a predetermined distance from each other, and a switch circuit 52 is provided on the opposite side of the two parasitic conductor elements.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of the switch circuit 51 of FIG. FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a portion where two parasitic conductor elements 41a and 41b constituting the parasitic antenna element 41 face each other, and a switch circuit 51 provided in this portion.
- a pair of PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2 are provided on opposite sides of the parasitic conductor elements 41a and 41b.
- the cathode terminal of the PIN diode 51D1 is connected to the parasitic conductor element 41a
- the cathode terminal of the PIN diode 51D2 is connected to the parasitic conductor element 41b
- the anode terminals of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2 are connected to each other via the conductor portion 41c.
- the anode terminals of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2 are applied bias voltage terminals (applied to the controller 202 that controls the directivity characteristics of the feeding antenna element 31 by applying a control voltage (that is, a bias voltage) via the conductor portion 41c and the control line 51a.
- DC terminals the cathode terminals of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2 are connected to the ground terminal (GND terminal) of the controller 202 via control lines 51b and 51c, respectively. Therefore, the control lines 51a, 51b, and 51c are a DC voltage supply line and a GND line for controlling the parasitic antenna element 41, respectively.
- An inductor (coil) 51L2 having an inductance of, for example, about several tens of nH is provided on the control line 51a so as to be close to the anode terminals of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2, and further on the control line 51a.
- a resistor 51R for current control of about several kilo ohms is provided on the control lines 51b and 51c.
- inductors 51L1 and 51L3 having an inductance of, for example, about several tens of nH are provided so as to be close to the cathode terminals of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2.
- the inductors 51L1, 51L2, and 51L3 have a role of preventing the high-frequency signal excited by the parasitic antenna element 41 from leaking onto the control lines 51a, 51b, and 51c.
- the parasitic antenna element 42 is also configured similarly to the parasitic antenna element 41, and the other antenna substrates 12 and 13 are also configured similarly to the antenna substrate 11.
- the two parasitic antenna elements are installed at a distance of a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication from the fed antenna elements.
- the metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 are parallel to the feed antenna elements 31, 32, and 33, respectively, and the operation wavelength during communication from the feed antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 is a quarter.
- the metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 have, for example, a cylindrical shape, and are configured in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of, for example, about 5 mm when the operating frequency during communication is, for example, 5 GHz.
- the height of the metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 is about one half of the operating wavelength during communication in the present embodiment, and preferably is longer than the length in the longitudinal direction of the feed antenna elements 31, 32, and 33. It is composed of 5-10% larger.
- the metal block 21 is excited by the radio wave radiated from the feeding antenna element 31 and re-radiates the radio wave. Since the distance L1 between the feeding antenna element 31 and the metal block 21 is a quarter of the operating wavelength, the radio wave re-radiated from the metal block 21 has a phase of 90 degrees relative to the radio wave radiated from the feeding antenna element 31. It will be late. Due to the superposition of the two radio waves, the radio wave directed to the ⁇ X direction from the metal block 21, that is, the internal direction of the antenna unit 2 (that is, the internal direction of the wireless communication device 1) is canceled, and the + X direction from the feeding antenna element 31. In other words, the radio wave directed toward the outside of the wireless communication device 1 is strengthened.
- the control voltage from the controller 202 when the control voltage from the controller 202 is off, no voltage is applied to the PIN diodes in the switch circuits 51 and 52, so the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 are not excited, and the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 are not excited. Does not affect the directivity characteristics of the feeding antenna element 31. Therefore, the main radiation direction of the feeding antenna 31 is the + X direction.
- the controller 202 turns on the control voltage to the parasitic antenna element 41, the bias voltage applied from the DC terminal is applied to the anode side of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2 via the control line 51a.
- the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2 are turned on by increasing the operating voltage (for example, about 0.8 V) of the PIN diodes 51D1 and 51D2.
- the parasitic antenna element 41 is excited by the radio wave radiated from the feed antenna element 31 and re-radiates the radio wave. Since the interval between the feeding antenna element 31 and the parasitic antenna element 41 is a quarter of the operating wavelength, the radio wave reradiated from the parasitic antenna element 41 is more in phase than the radio wave radiated from the feeding antenna element 31. Is delayed by 90 degrees.
- the radio wave in the ⁇ Y direction is canceled out from the parasitic antenna element 41, and the radio wave in the + Y direction is strengthened from the feed antenna element 31.
- the radio wave in the + X direction is strengthened by the metal block 21, and as a result, the main radiation direction of the feeding antenna element 31 is the “+ X + Y” direction.
- the directivity characteristics of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 can be similarly controlled.
- the radiation characteristic of the feed antenna element 31 is directed to the main radiation in the “+ XY” direction.
- the feed antenna element 41 and the parasitic antenna element 42 are turned on at the same time, the feed antenna element 31 is directed.
- the characteristic is that the main radiation is directed in the + X direction.
- the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 42 are off, the main radiation direction of the feed antenna element 31 faces the + X direction, but when it is on, the gain in the main radiation direction becomes larger.
- each of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 can select four directivities by switching the parasitic antenna elements.
- the directivity is not switched well because the metal parts existing inside the wireless communication device 1 cause complex reflections to cancel the radio waves, but the metal blocks 21, 22 and 23 reduce the influence even when metal parts are scattered around the antenna unit 2 or inside the antenna unit 2 (that is, around the feeding antenna element or the parasitic antenna element).
- the directivity can be switched well.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the effect of the metal block 21 in the antenna unit 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the reference numeral 300 schematically shows the metal parts and the like in the wireless communication device 1. Shown in As shown in FIG. 13, by providing the metal block 21 with respect to the power supply antenna element 31, it is possible to remove the influence of the metal component 300 existing on the ⁇ X side of the metal block 21.
- the antenna unit 2 in the case of MIMO communication, as the distance between antenna elements approaches, the correlation between the antenna elements increases and the communication performance decreases.
- three feeding antenna elements 31 are used. , 32, and 33 are directed in different directions, so that even when the three feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 are installed close to each other, the communication performance hardly deteriorates, and the antenna unit 2 can be downsized. It is valid.
- the sleeve antenna is used as the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33.
- the horizontal plane (XY plane) directivity characteristic is close to omnidirectional, it can be used. Even when a dipole antenna, a collinear antenna, a monopole antenna, or an inverted F antenna is used, the antenna unit 2 that operates in the same manner as in this embodiment can be realized.
- an example in which three feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 and six parasitic antenna elements 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, and 46 are arranged has been described. May increase or decrease. Similarly, the number of antenna substrates 11, 12, 13 may be increased or decreased.
- the switch circuit is configured using a PIN diode.
- the parasitic antenna elements 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, and 46 can be operated as reflectors.
- a variable capacitance diode may be used.
- the lengths of the metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 are preferably 5 to 10% larger than the lengths of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 in the longitudinal direction.
- a configuration in which the metal blocks 21, 22 and 23 penetrate from the bottom surface to the top surface of the antenna unit 2 may be realized.
- the cylindrical metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 are used for explanation, but they may be polygonal columns, screw shapes, or plate shapes.
- the antenna unit 2 may be preferably filled with a dielectric material such as resin.
- the metal blocks 21, 22, and 23 are arranged close to the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 that are respectively configured to have variable directivity.
- the directivity can be switched without causing a decrease in gain due to the influence of the metal casing or metal part. It becomes possible.
- the main radiation directions of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 are different from each other. Thereby, the correlation between the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 is reduced, and it is possible to obtain good performance in MIMO communication.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an antenna unit 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the antenna unit 2 of FIG.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the configuration in which one metal block 21, 22, 23 is provided for each of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, 33 as in the first embodiment.
- a metal block may be shared between the feeding antenna elements.
- only two metal blocks 24 and 25 are provided, and these two metal blocks 24 and 25 are operated as reflectors for the feed antenna elements 31, 32 and 33.
- the inside is filled with a dielectric material such as a resin to constitute the dielectric block 3.
- Screw-shaped metal blocks 24 and 25 are provided so as to penetrate the dielectric block 3 from the + Z direction to the ⁇ Z direction.
- the antenna unit 2 is attached to the housing of the wireless communication device 1 by the screws of the metal blocks 24 and 25. Fixed.
- the metal block 24 acts as a reflector for the feed antenna element 31, the metal block 25 acts as a reflector for the feed antenna element 32, and the metal blocks 24, 25 are further reflected for the feed antenna element 33. Operates as a vessel.
- the antenna unit 2 of the present embodiment is configured to include an antenna substrate 14 in which the antenna substrates 11 and 12 of FIGS.
- the parasitic antenna element 47 includes a switch circuit 57 similar to the switch circuit 51 and the like.
- the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 47 are provided at a distance of a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication from the feeding antenna element 31, and the parasitic antenna elements 44 and 47 are fed antennas.
- the element 32 is provided at a position that is a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication
- the parasitic antenna elements 45 and 46 are provided at a position that is a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication from the feed antenna element 33. It is done.
- the metal blocks 24 and 25 are parallel to the feed antenna elements 31, 32, and 33, respectively, and the metal block 24 is set to a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication from the feed antenna element 31.
- the metal block 25 is separated by an equal distance L1 and the metal block 25 is separated from the feeding antenna element 32 by a distance L2 equal to a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication.
- the metal blocks 24 and 25 are further separated from the feeding antenna element 33 by the operating wavelength during communication.
- Are separated by a distance L3a L3b equal to one-fourth of.
- the metal block 24 is excited by the radio wave radiated from the feeding antenna element 31 and re-radiates the radio wave. Since the distance L1 between the feeding antenna element 31 and the metal block 24 is 1 ⁇ 4 of the operating wavelength, the ⁇ X direction from the metal block 24, that is, the internal direction of the antenna unit 2 (that is, the internal direction of the wireless communication device 1). ) Is canceled out, and the radio wave substantially in the + X direction, that is, the direction toward the outside of the wireless communication device 1 is stronger than that of the feeding antenna element 31.
- the control voltage from the controller 202 when the control voltage from the controller 202 is OFF, no voltage is applied to the PIN diodes in the switch circuits 51 and 57, so that the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 47 are not excited, and the parasitic antenna elements 41 and 47 are not excited. Does not affect the directivity characteristics of the feeding antenna element 31. Therefore, the main radiation direction of the feeding antenna element 31 is substantially the + X direction.
- the controller 202 turns on the control voltage to the parasitic antenna element 41, for example, the bias voltage applied from the DC terminal is applied to the anode side of the pair of PIN diodes via the control line, and the PIN is applied. By making it higher than the operating voltage of the diode (for example, about 0.8 V), the PIN diode becomes conductive.
- the parasitic antenna element 41 is excited by the radio wave radiated from the feed antenna element 31 and re-radiates the radio wave. Since the distance between the feeding antenna element 31 and the parasitic antenna element 41 is 1 ⁇ 4 of the operating wavelength, the radio wave traveling in the ⁇ Y direction from the parasitic antenna element 41 is canceled and the + Y direction from the feeding antenna element 31. The radio wave going to is strengthened. At this time, the radio wave in the + X direction is strengthened by the metal block 24, and as a result, the main radiation direction of the feeding antenna element 31 is the “+ X + Y” direction.
- the directivity characteristics of the fed antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 can be similarly controlled.
- the parasitic antenna element 47 is turned on.
- the directivity of the feeding antenna element 31 is such that the main radiation is directed in the “+ XY” direction and the parasitic antenna element 41 and the parasitic antenna element 47 are turned on simultaneously. Is substantially directed in the + X direction.
- the distance between the feeding antenna element 32 and the parasitic antenna element 47 is also set to 1 ⁇ 4 of the operating wavelength, and the parasitic antenna element 47 is also a reflector for the feeding antenna element 32. Works as.
- each of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 can select four directivities by switching the parasitic antenna elements.
- the direct reflection does not switch well because the metal parts existing inside the wireless communication device 1 cause complex reflections to cancel the radio waves.
- the antenna unit 2 in the case of MIMO communication, as the distance between antenna elements approaches, the correlation between the antenna elements increases and the communication performance decreases.
- three feeding antenna elements 31 are used. , 32, and 33 are directed in different directions, so that even when the three feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 are installed close to each other, the communication performance hardly deteriorates, and the antenna unit 2 can be downsized. It is valid.
- the configuration of the antenna unit 2 can be simplified.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing an antenna unit 2 according to a first modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment of the present invention has not only a configuration including two metal blocks 24 and 25 for the three feeding antenna elements 31, 32 and 33, One metal block may be shared by a plurality of feeding antenna elements.
- this modification only one metal block 26 is provided, and this metal block 26 is operated as a reflector for the feed antenna elements 31, 32, 33.
- the antenna substrates 11, 12, and 13 including the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 are provided so as to surround the metal block 26.
- the metal block 26 may be formed in a screw shape similarly to the case shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and the antenna unit 2 may be fixed to the housing of the wireless communication device 1 via a dielectric block.
- the configuration of the modification exemplified in the description of the first embodiment may be adopted in the second embodiment.
- an example of a configuration including three feeding antenna elements 31, 32, 33, five parasitic antenna elements 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, and two metal blocks 24, 25 is provided.
- the number of these components may be increased or decreased.
- the number of antenna substrates may be increased or decreased.
- the length of the metal blocks 24 and 25 is desirably 5 to 10% larger than the length in the longitudinal direction of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32 and 33, but this is not limited as long as the metal blocks 24 and 25 operate as reflectors.
- the metal blocks 24 and 25 may have a polygonal column shape, a cylindrical shape, or a plate shape instead of the screw shape.
- FIG. 11 is a top view showing an antenna unit 2 according to a second modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna unit 2 of this modification is the minimum configuration according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna unit 2 of FIG. 11 includes two antenna substrates 11 and 12 and one metal block 21, and each antenna substrate includes only one feeding antenna element and one parasitic antenna element.
- the parasitic antenna element 41 and the metal block 21 are positioned at a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication from the fed antenna element 31, and the parasitic antenna element 43 and the metal block 21 communicate from the fed antenna element 32. It is at a quarter of the operating wavelength of the hour.
- the antenna unit 2 of the present modification as in the case of the other antenna units 2 according to the first and second embodiments, when metal parts are scattered around the antenna unit 2 or inside the antenna unit 2. However, these effects can be reduced and the directivity can be switched well.
- the metal blocks 24 and 25 are arranged close to the feeding antenna elements 31, 32 and 33 each configured to have variable directivity. As a result, even when a metal casing or metal part is present around or inside the antenna unit in the wireless communication device 1, it is possible to switch the directivity without causing a decrease in gain due to the influence thereof. Become. Further, due to the metal blocks 24 and 25, the main radiation directions of the feeding antenna elements 31, 32 and 33 are different from each other. Thereby, the correlation between the feeding antenna elements 31, 32, and 33 is reduced, and it is possible to obtain good performance in MIMO communication.
- FIG. 8 is an overall view showing a wireless communication device 101 including an antenna unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- 9 is a perspective view showing a detailed configuration of the antenna unit of FIG. 8
- FIG. 10 is a top view showing a detailed configuration of the antenna unit of FIG.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the configuration in which the feeding antenna element and the parasitic antenna element are a sleeve antenna and a dipole antenna as in the first and second embodiments, and as described below, each antenna element May be a monopole antenna.
- the antenna unit 102 fixed on the printed wiring board 104 is provided in the metal casing of the wireless communication device 101.
- a part of the metal casing of the wireless communication device 101 is cut out, and an antenna window made of a dielectric material such as a resin 105 and 106 are provided.
- the antenna unit 102 is configured substantially in the same manner as the antenna unit 2 of the second embodiment, except that the feeding antenna element and the parasitic antenna element are monopole antennas. Referring to FIGS.
- the antenna unit 102 includes quarter-wave monopole feed antenna elements 131 and 132 patterned on the surface of the + X side of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped dielectric block 103, and 4 Quarter-wave monopole parasitic antenna elements 141, 144, and 147, and a quarter-wave monopole feed antenna element 133 patterned on the ⁇ X side surface of the dielectric block 103, 4 1 / monopole monopole parasitic antenna elements 145 and 146.
- the feeding antenna elements 131, 132, 133 are provided with feeding points at positions in contact with the printed wiring board 104. As shown in FIG. 9, the feeding points 131 a, 131 b of the feeding antenna elements 131, 132 are on the printed wiring board 104.
- the wireless communication circuit 104c is connected via the patterned high-frequency transmission lines 104a and 104b, and wireless signals are transmitted and received.
- a feeding point of the feeding antenna element 133 is also connected to the wireless communication circuit 104c via a high-frequency transmission line (not shown).
- the parasitic antenna elements 141, 144, and 147 are connected to the ground conductors 103a, 103b, and 103c patterned on the dielectric block 103 via switch circuits 151, 154, and 157 including PIN diodes or variable capacitance diodes. Is done.
- the parasitic antenna elements 145 and 146 are connected to a ground conductor patterned on the dielectric block 103 via a switch circuit.
- the ground conductor patterned on the dielectric block 103 is connected to a ground plane (not shown) patterned on the printed wiring board 104, whereby each of the feeding antenna element and the parasitic antenna element is , Located perpendicular to the ground plane. Furthermore, screw-shaped metal blocks 124 and 125 are provided so as to penetrate the dielectric block 103 from the + Z direction to the ⁇ Z direction.
- the antenna unit 102 is fixed to the printed wiring board 104 by the screws of the metal blocks 124 and 125. Is done.
- the intervals between the feed antenna elements 131, 132, 133, the parasitic antenna elements 141, 144, 145, 146, 147 and the metal blocks 124, 125 are set in the same manner as in FIG. Is done.
- the configuration of the modification exemplified in the description of the first embodiment may be adopted in the third embodiment.
- an example of a configuration including three feeding antenna elements 131, 132, 133, five parasitic antenna elements 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, and two metal blocks 124, 125 is provided.
- the dielectric block 103 does not have to be a rectangular parallelepiped, and may be another polyhedron or a cylindrical shape, for example.
- the height of the metal blocks 124 and 125 is about a quarter of the operating wavelength during communication, and preferably 5 to 10% of the length in the longitudinal direction of the feed antenna elements 131, 132, and 133. However, this is not necessary as long as it operates as a reflector.
- the metal blocks 124 and 125 are metal, they may have a polygonal column shape, a columnar shape, or a plate shape instead of the screw shape.
- the metal blocks 124 and 125 are arranged close to the feeding antenna elements 131, 132, and 133 that are configured to have variable directivities, respectively.
- the metal blocks 124 and 125 due to the metal blocks 124 and 125, the main radiation directions of the feeding antenna elements 131, 132, and 133 are different from each other. As a result, the correlation between the feed antenna elements 131, 132, and 133 is reduced, and good performance can be obtained in MIMO communication.
- the array antenna device can realize good directivity pattern switching even when there is a metal casing or metal parts in the vicinity, the array antenna apparatus is variable in the casing of an electric device having a wireless communication function. This is useful as a method of installing a directional antenna.
- PIN diodes 51L1, 51L2, 51L3 ... inductor, 51R ... resistance, 103a, 103b, 103c ... a ground conductor, 104 ... printed wiring board, 104a, 104b ... high frequency transmission lines, 104c ... wireless communication circuit, 105, 106 ... antenna window, 200: MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit, 201: Input / output terminal, 202 ... Controller, 300 ... Metal parts, etc.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1つの給電アンテナ素子と少なくとも1つの無給電アンテナ素子とをそれぞれ有する複数の可変指向性アンテナと、
上記各給電アンテナ素子の長手方向の長さよりも長い少なくとも1つの金属ブロックとを備えたアレーアンテナ装置であって、
上記複数の可変指向性アンテナのうちの少なくとも2つが同時に励振され、
上記給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれに対して所定の距離を有して、上記金属ブロックのうちの少なくとも1つが設けられて、上記給電アンテナ素子に対して反射器として動作し、
上記無給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれは、その電気長を切り換えるためのスイッチ回路を備え、上記スイッチ回路により電気長を切り換えることにより、当該無給電アンテナ素子と同じ可変指向性アンテナに含まれる給電アンテナ素子に対して反射器として動作することを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るアンテナユニット2を備えた無線通信機器1を示す全体図である。図2は、図1のアンテナユニット2の詳細構成を示す斜視図であり、図3は、図1のアンテナユニット2の詳細構成を示す上面図である。
なお、本実施形態では、給電アンテナ素子31,32,33としてスリーブアンテナを用いた場合を示したが、水平面(XY面)指向特性が無指向性に近いものであれば使用可能であるため、ダイポールアンテナやコリニアアンテナ、モノポールアンテナや逆Fアンテナを用いても、本実施形態と同様に動作するアンテナユニット2を実現できる。また、本実施形態では、3つの給電アンテナ素子31,32,33と6つの無給電アンテナ素子41,42,43,44,45,46とを配置した例を示したが、それぞれの素子の数は増減してもよい。同様に、アンテナ基板11,12,13の個数を増減してもよい。また、本実施形態では、スイッチ回路においてPINダイオードを使用して構成した場合を示したが、無給電アンテナ素子41,42,43,44,45,46が反射器として動作するようにできるのであればこの限りでなく、例えば、可変容量ダイオードなどを使用して構成してもよい。金属ブロック21,22,23の長さは給電アンテナ素子31,32,33の長手方向の長さよりも5~10%だけ大きいことが望ましいが、反射器として動作するのであればこの限りではなく、例えば金属ブロック21,22,23がアンテナユニット2の底面から天面まで貫通した構成を実現してもよい。また、本実施例では円柱形状の金属ブロック21,22,23を用いて説明しているが、多角形柱や、ネジ形状、板状であってもよい。また、アンテナユニット2は、好ましくは樹脂等の誘電体材料にて充填されてもよい。
図5は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係るアンテナユニット2を示す斜視図であり、図6は、図5のアンテナユニット2の上面図である。本発明の実施形態は、第1の実施形態のように給電アンテナ素子31,32,33のそれぞれに対して1個ずつの金属ブロック21,22,23を設ける構成に限定されず、2個以上の給電アンテナ素子間で金属ブロックを共用してもよい。本発明の第2の実施形態では、2個のみの金属ブロック24,25を備え、これら2個の金属ブロック24,25を、給電アンテナ素子31,32,33に対する反射器として動作させることを特徴とする。
図8は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係るアンテナユニットを備えた無線通信機器101を示す全体図である。図9は、図8のアンテナユニットの詳細構成を示す斜視図であり、図10は、図8のアンテナユニットの詳細構成を示す上面図である。本発明の実施形態は、第1及び第2の実施形態のように給電アンテナ素子及び無給電アンテナ素子がスリーブアンテナ及びダイポールアンテナである構成に限定されず、以下に説明するように、各アンテナ素子がモノポールアンテナであってもよい。
2,102…アンテナユニット、
3,103…誘電体ブロック、
11,12,13,14…アンテナ基板、
21,22,23,24,25,26,124,125…金属ブロック、
31,32,33,131,132…給電アンテナ素子、
31a,32a,33a,131a,132a…給電点、
41,42,43,44,45,46,47,141,144,147…無給電アンテナ素子、
41a,41b…無給電導体素子、
41c…導体部分、
51,52,53,54,55,56,57,151,154,157…スイッチ回路、
51a,51b,51c…制御線、
51D1,51D2…PINダイオード、
51L1,51L2,51L3…インダクタ、
51R…抵抗、
103a,103b,103c…接地導体、
104…プリント配線基板、
104a,104b…高周波伝送線路、
104c…無線通信回路、
105,106…アンテナ窓、
200…MIMO変復調回路、
201…入出力端子、
202…コントローラ、
300…金属部品等。
Claims (12)
- 1つの給電アンテナ素子と少なくとも1つの無給電アンテナ素子とをそれぞれ有する複数の可変指向性アンテナと、
上記各給電アンテナ素子の長手方向の長さよりも長い少なくとも1つの金属ブロックとを備えたアレーアンテナ装置であって、
上記複数の可変指向性アンテナのうちの少なくとも2つが同時に励振され、
上記給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれに対して所定の距離を有して、上記金属ブロックのうちの少なくとも1つが設けられて、上記給電アンテナ素子に対して反射器として動作し、
上記無給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれは、その電気長を切り換えるためのスイッチ回路を備え、上記スイッチ回路により電気長を切り換えることにより、当該無給電アンテナ素子と同じ可変指向性アンテナに含まれる給電アンテナ素子に対して反射器として動作することを特徴とするアレーアンテナ装置。 - 上記アレーアンテナ装置は1つの金属ブロックを備え、上記1つの金属ブロックは、上記給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれに対して所定の距離を有して設けられて、上記給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれに対して反射器として動作することを特徴とする請求項1記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記給電アンテナ素子のそれぞれに対して所定の距離を有して、金属ブロックが1つずつ設けられて、上記各金属ブロックは、対応する給電アンテナ素子に対して反射器として動作することを特徴とする請求項1記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記複数の可変指向性アンテナは誘電体ブロックの対向する2面に設けられ、上記各金属ブロックは、上記誘電体ブロックを貫通するように設けられることを特徴とする請求項1記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記各無給電アンテナ素子は半波長ダイポールアンテナであり、上記各スイッチ回路は、上記各無給電アンテナ素子の中間に直列に接続されたPINダイオードであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記各無給電アンテナ素子は半波長ダイポールアンテナであり、上記各スイッチ回路は、上記各無給電アンテナ素子の中間に直列に接続された可変容量ダイオードであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記各給電アンテナ素子及び上記各無給電アンテナ素子は、誘電体基板上の導体パターンとして形成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1つに記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記各給電アンテナ素子及び上記各無給電アンテナ素子は、4分の1波長の長さを持つ導体素子が接地導体に対して垂直に設置されたモノポール素子であり、上記各スイッチ回路は、上記各無給電アンテナ素子の導体素子と上記接地導体との間に接続されたPINダイオードであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記各給電アンテナ素子及び上記各無給電アンテナ素子は、4分の1波長の長さを持つ導体素子が接地導体に対して垂直に設置されたモノポール素子であり、上記各スイッチ回路は、上記各無給電アンテナ素子の導体素子と上記接地導体との間に接続された可変容量ダイオードであるであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記各給電アンテナ素子はダイポールアンテナであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記各給電アンテナ素子はスリーブアンテナであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
- 上記アレーアンテナ装置は、MIMO通信方式に係る複数の無線信号を送受信することを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか1つに記載のアレーアンテナ装置。
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JP5314704B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 |
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