WO2010058604A1 - Système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010058604A1
WO2010058604A1 PCT/JP2009/006292 JP2009006292W WO2010058604A1 WO 2010058604 A1 WO2010058604 A1 WO 2010058604A1 JP 2009006292 W JP2009006292 W JP 2009006292W WO 2010058604 A1 WO2010058604 A1 WO 2010058604A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
abnormality
stop process
cell system
controller
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2009/006292
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
田村佳央
田中良和
田口清
保田繁樹
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by パナソニック株式会社 filed Critical パナソニック株式会社
Priority to JP2010539160A priority Critical patent/JP5312476B2/ja
Priority to CN200980102593.XA priority patent/CN101919097B/zh
Priority to EP09827385.7A priority patent/EP2352197B1/fr
Priority to US12/863,546 priority patent/US9083014B2/en
Publication of WO2010058604A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010058604A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04686—Failure or abnormal function of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that generates power using a hydrogen-rich gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen, and particularly to a fuel cell system that performs a stop operation when an abnormality of the fuel cell system is detected.
  • a fuel cell using a hydrogen-containing fuel gas and an oxidant gas has been studied for application to automobiles and the like as an environmentally friendly clean generator that generates only water by power generation.
  • the exhaust heat generated during power generation is collected and stored in a heat accumulator, and the heat is supplied to a hot water supply load, etc., thereby achieving high energy use efficiency.
  • Application as a feasible cogeneration system is being studied.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system in which the cooling operation of the fuel cell is executed according to the situation when the stop process is executed.
  • a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a first heat medium path through which a first heat medium for cooling the fuel cell flows, and a first heat medium path in the first heat medium path.
  • the first flow rate controller for allowing the first heat medium to flow, the abnormality detector for detecting an abnormality, and the abnormal stopping process that is executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector is normally stopped.
  • a controller for controlling the first flow rate controller so that the amount of cooling of the fuel cell after power generation stop is larger than the time.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is increased as compared with the normal stop process, so that the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced and the shift can be quickly performed by the maintenance work.
  • the controller operates the first flow rate controller so that the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is greater during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process. You may control at least any one of time and the operation amount.
  • the controller may permit the start of operation when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher during the normal stop process than during the abnormal stop process.
  • the controller forcibly increases the manipulated variable of the first flow rate controller above a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process. You may control so.
  • the controller cools the fuel cell by controlling the operation amount of the first flow rate controller based on the temperature of the fuel cell during the normal stop process.
  • the operation amount of the first flow rate controller may be forcibly increased beyond a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell.
  • the controller includes a first cooling step of controlling an operation amount of the first flow rate controller in consideration of the temperature of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process.
  • the second cooling step of forcibly increasing the operation amount of the first flow rate controller beyond a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell may be executed.
  • the fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generation device that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas to be supplied to the fuel cell using raw materials, and the controller performs the cooling operation of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process. , It may be continued at least until the raw material purge of the hydrogen generator is completed.
  • the fuel cell system performs a pressure-compensating operation for replenishing gas in the path as the pressure in the reaction gas path of the sealed fuel cell decreases after power generation of the fuel cell is stopped.
  • the controller may increase the frequency of the pressure compensation operation during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process.
  • the fuel cell system includes a heat accumulator that stores a second heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, a second heat medium path through which the second heat medium circulates, and an exhaust gas of the fuel cell.
  • the second heat medium that has recovered heat includes a bypass path that bypasses the heat accumulator, and the controller bypasses the heat accumulator in the cooling operation of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process. You may switch to a bypass path.
  • the controller when the abnormality detector detects a device failure or a gas leakage abnormality, the controller increases the cooling amount of the fuel cell after stopping the power generation as compared with the normal stop process.
  • the first flow rate controller may be controlled to do so.
  • the controller requires a second maintenance that is required more than the abnormal stop process that is executed when the abnormality detector detects the first abnormality that does not require maintenance.
  • the first flow rate controller may be controlled so that the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is increased during an abnormal stop process that is executed upon detection of an abnormality.
  • the controller has a higher temperature of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process due to the first abnormality than during the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality.
  • the operation start may be permitted in the state.
  • the controller forcibly sets the operation amount of the first flow rate controller regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality. You may control so that it may increase rather than a value.
  • the controller controls the operation amount of the first flow rate controller based on the temperature of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process due to the first abnormality.
  • the operation amount of the first flow controller is forcibly increased to a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell. Also good.
  • the controller controls the operation amount of the first flow rate controller in consideration of the temperature of the fuel cell during the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality.
  • One cooling process and a second cooling process for forcibly increasing the operation amount of the first flow rate controller beyond a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell may be executed.
  • the fuel cell system according to the present invention further includes a hydrogen generation device that generates a hydrogen-containing gas to be supplied to the fuel cell using a raw material, and the controller is configured to perform an abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality.
  • the cooling operation of the fuel cell may be continued at least until the raw material purge of the hydrogen generator is completed.
  • a supplementary pressure operation is performed to replenish the gas in the path as the pressure in the reaction gas path of the sealed fuel cell decreases.
  • the controller may increase the frequency of the pressure compensation operation during the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality than during the abnormal stop process due to the first abnormality.
  • a heat accumulator that stores a second heat medium that recovers exhaust heat of the fuel cell, a second heat medium path through which the second heat medium circulates, and an exhaust of the fuel cell.
  • the second heat medium that has recovered heat includes a bypass path that bypasses the heat accumulator, and the controller performs the fuel cell cooling operation during the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality. You may switch to the bypass path which bypasses a thermal accumulator.
  • the first abnormality may be at least one of a temperature abnormality of the first heat medium and an abnormality of the first flow controller.
  • the second abnormality may be at least one of an abnormality in equipment, a gas leakage abnormality, and an excessive temperature rise abnormality of the controller.
  • a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials
  • a combustor that heats the reformer
  • combustion air that supplies combustion air to the combustor
  • the first flow rate controller is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell is increased compared to the time of processing
  • the combustion air supply device is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equal to that during the normal stop processing. May be.
  • the controller is executed when the abnormality detector detects a first abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality of the hydrogen generator that does not require maintenance.
  • the combustion air supply unit and the first flow rate controller are controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer and the fuel cell is equal to that during the normal stop process.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell increases during the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the second abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality of the hydrogen generator that requires maintenance, compared to the normal stop process.
  • the combustion air supply unit may be controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equal to that during the normal stop process.
  • a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials
  • a combustor that heats the reformer
  • a combustion that supplies combustion air to the combustor
  • a hydrogen generator having an air supply
  • the controller controls the combustion air supply device so that the amount of cooling of the reformer is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
  • the first flow rate controller may be controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell becomes equal to that during the normal stop process.
  • the controller is configured to perform an abnormal stop process that is executed when the abnormality detector detects a first abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that does not require maintenance.
  • the combustion air supply unit and the first flow rate controller are controlled so that the cooling amounts of the reformer and the fuel cell are equal to those during normal stop processing, and the abnormality detector generates the hydrogen that requires maintenance.
  • the first flow rate controller is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer is increased compared to the normal stop process
  • the first flow rate controller may be controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell becomes equal to that during the normal stop process.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is increased as compared with the normal stop process. It becomes possible to speed up the migration.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4A is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell in the normal stop process of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing an example of an abnormality that accompanies a shutdown of the fuel cell system in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of a stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing in the flowchart of the stop processing program by abnormality detection shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an outline of hot water storage control in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing main operations of a normal stop process in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of an abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of an abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of an abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of the compensation pressure process executed in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing in detail the configuration of the hydrogen generator in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 18 is a table showing an example of abnormality related to the hydrogen generator in the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of a stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the abnormal stop process related to the hydrogen generator in the flowchart of the abnormal stop process program shown in FIG. 19 in more detail.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of a stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing an example of the first abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 101, a first heat medium path 59 through which a first heat medium that cools the fuel cell 101 flows, A first flow rate controller 107 for allowing the first heat medium in the one heat medium path 59 to flow, an abnormality detector 110a for detecting an abnormality, and an abnormal stop executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector 110a And a controller 110 that controls the first flow rate controller 107 so that the amount of cooling of the fuel cell 101 after the power generation stop is larger in the process than in the normal stop process.
  • the normal stop process is different from the stop process (abnormal stop process) executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100.
  • a stop process that is executed when the power demand of a power load (not shown) falls below a predetermined threshold that does not require the generation operation, a stop process that is executed when a preset stop time is reached, etc. It is.
  • a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell As the fuel cell 101, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, or the like can be used.
  • a first heat medium flow path 101 c through which a first heat medium that recovers heat generated in the fuel cell 101 and cools the fuel cell 101 flows is provided inside the fuel cell 101.
  • a first heat medium supply path 51 is connected to an inlet (not shown) of the first heat medium flow path 101c, and a first heat medium discharge is connected to an outlet (not shown) of the first heat medium flow path 101c.
  • a path 52 is connected.
  • the first heat medium path 59 is configured by the first heat medium supply path 51 and the first heat medium discharge path 52, but the first heat medium path 59 is the first heat medium path 59.
  • a path (pipe) other than the medium supply path 51 and the first heat medium discharge path 52 may be provided.
  • the first flow rate controller 107 for example, a pump capable of sending the first heat medium and adjusting the flow rate of the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium path 59 may be used. Moreover, you may use the flow regulator which performs flow volume adjustment combining the pump and the flow regulating valve which send out a 1st heat medium.
  • the detector 130a is a sensor that detects a physical quantity relating to the state of the fuel cell 101.
  • the temperature detector of the first heat medium that flows through the first heat medium path the water level detector of the tank that stores the first heat medium
  • the fuel Examples include a fuel gas flow meter that measures the flow rate of gas, an oxidant gas flow meter that measures the flow rate of oxidant gas, and a combustible gas sensor in the housing of the fuel cell system 100.
  • the abnormality determiner 110a constitutes the abnormality detector of the present invention, and determines various abnormalities based on the detection value of the detector 140a. Of the abnormalities in the fuel cell system 100, the abnormality determination device 110a functions as an abnormality detector for the failure of the detector, and the abnormality determination device 110a determines the abnormality for the abnormality different from the failure of the detector. A detector that outputs a detection value that is a determination target when performing the function functions as an abnormality detector.
  • the controller 110 operates the first flow rate controller 107 so that the amount of cooling of the fuel cell 101 is greater during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process. At least one of the operation amounts may be controlled.
  • the controller operates the first flow rate controller so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell is larger during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process.
  • An example of the aspect which controls at least any one of the operation amount is shown.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the vertical direction in the fuel cell system is shown as the vertical direction in the figure.
  • a fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 101, a hydrogen generator 102, an oxidant gas supply device 103, a cooling water tank 104, a first condensed water tank 105A, and a second condensed water tank. 105B, heat exchanger (heat radiator) 106, first pump (first flow rate controller) 107, second pump (second delivery device) 108, hot water storage tank (heat storage device) 109, controller 110, abnormality determiner 110a
  • the remote control 120, the housing package 111, and the detectors 131 to 140 are provided so that the user can start and stop the operation of the fuel cell system 100 by operating the remote control 120. It is configured.
  • the package 111 is formed so as to extend in the vertical direction, and each device such as the fuel cell 101 is disposed inside the package 111.
  • the abnormality determiner 110a constitutes an abnormality detector of the present invention, and determines an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140.
  • the heat exchanger 106 is an example of a radiator, and instead of the heat exchanger 106, a form of cooling the cooling water of the fuel cell 101 by air cooling may be adopted. In this case, the cooling amount of the cooling water is adjusted by at least one of the inflow amount of the cooling water to the radiator and the operation amount of the air cooling fan.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 includes a reformer, a transformer, a purifier (all not shown), and a burner (combustor) 102a, and a raw material gas supply port ( (Not shown) is connected to the downstream end of the source gas supply path 41.
  • a city gas mainly composed of methane is used as the source gas
  • the upstream end of the source gas supply path 41 is connected to a city gas pipe (not shown).
  • the source gas supply path 41 is provided with a first on-off valve 71, a booster pump 112a, a flow rate adjustment valve 112b, and a second on-off valve 72 from the upstream side.
  • the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are configured to allow / block the flow of the raw material gas flowing through the raw material gas supply path 41.
  • a valve such as an electromagnetic valve may be used. it can.
  • the booster pump 112a is configured to increase the pressure of the source gas flowing through the source gas supply path 41
  • the flow rate adjustment valve 112b is configured to adjust the flow rate of the source gas flowing through the source gas supply path 41.
  • the booster pump 112a and the flow rate adjustment valve 112b constitute the raw material gas supplier 112.
  • the booster pump 112a and the flow rate adjusting valve 112b constitute the raw material gas supply unit 112, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the raw material gas supply unit 112 may be configured only by the booster pump 112a. That is, the booster pump 112a may be configured to increase the pressure of the source gas and adjust the flow rate.
  • the downstream end of the off-fuel gas path 43 is connected to the burner 102a, and excess fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the burner 102a as off-gas.
  • the downstream end of the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 is connected to the burner 102a, and the scavenged oxidation gas is obtained by the cathode purge process of the fuel cell 101 that is performed when the fuel cell system 100 described later is started or stopped.
  • a gas hereinafter referred to as cathode purge gas present in the agent gas flow path 101b is supplied to the burner 102a.
  • the downstream end of the combustion air supply path 56 is connected to the burner 102a, and the combustion air supply device 117 is connected to the upstream end.
  • the burner 102a passes through the raw material gas supplied through the flow path (not shown) (or the off gas supplied from the fuel cell 101 via the off fuel gas path 43, or the fuel cell 101 via the cathode purge gas discharge path 50).
  • the cathode purge gas is combusted by the combustion air supplied from the combustion air supplier 117 via the combustion air supply path 56.
  • the combustion air supply device 117 for example, fans such as a blower or a sirocco fan can be used.
  • the downstream end of the reforming water supply path 57 is connected to the water supply port (not shown) of the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102, and the upstream end is the lower part of the second condensed water tank 105B. It is connected to the. Further, a third pump 113 that adjusts the flow rate of the reforming water (condensed water) that flows through the reforming water supply path 57 is provided in the middle of the reforming water supply path 57.
  • the condensate is supplied directly from the second condensate tank 105B to the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the condensate is supplied from the first condensate tank 105A.
  • the configuration may be such that it is directly supplied to the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102, and the condensed water stored in the second condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> B is supplied to the cooling water tank 104 and stored in the cooling water tank 104.
  • the cooling water may be supplied to the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the upstream end of the oxidizing air supply path 58 is connected to the purifier of the hydrogen generator 102, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the oxidizing air supply 116.
  • the oxidizing air supply unit 116 is configured to supply air used for the oxidation reaction in the purifier.
  • fans such as a blower and a sirocco fan can be used as the oxidizing air supply 116.
  • the source gas (methane) supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 via the source gas supply path 41 and the first condensation A reforming reaction with the condensed water supplied from the water tank 105A causes a reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas.
  • the shift converter reduces the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas by performing a shift reaction on the reformed gas generated in the reformer.
  • the carbon monoxide in the reformed gas whose carbon monoxide has been reduced by the transformer is reacted with the oxidizing air supplied from the oxidizing air supply 116 via the oxidizing air supply path 58.
  • fuel gas in which carbon monoxide is reduced to 10 ppm or less is generated.
  • methane is used as the raw material gas.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and examples thereof include gases containing hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane, gases containing gaseous alcohol, and the like.
  • a gas containing an organic compound composed of at least carbon and hydrogen can be used.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 of this Embodiment is comprised so that a transformer and a purifier may be provided, you may employ
  • the upstream end of the fuel gas supply path 42 is connected to the outlet of the purifier of the hydrogen generator 102, and a first switch 73 consisting of a three-way valve is provided in the middle thereof, and the fuel gas
  • the downstream end of the supply path 42 is connected to the upstream end of the fuel gas channel 101 a of the fuel cell 101.
  • the fuel gas supply path 42 includes a first fuel gas supply path 42 a and a second fuel gas supply path 42 b, and the upstream end of the first fuel gas supply path 42 a is connected to the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the downstream end of the purifier is connected to the first port 73 a of the first switch 73.
  • the upstream end of the second fuel gas supply path 42 b is connected to the third port 73 c of the first switch 73, and the downstream end is connected to the upstream end of the fuel gas channel 101 a of the fuel cell 101. ing. Note that the upstream end of the fuel cell bypass path 44 is connected to the second port 73 b of the first switch 73, and the downstream end thereof is connected in the middle of the off-fuel gas path 43.
  • a first pressure detector 131 and a second fuel gas supply path 42b for detecting the pressure in the pipe constituting the second fuel gas supply path 42b are provided at appropriate positions of the second fuel gas supply path 42b of the fuel gas supply path 42.
  • a first flow rate detector 132 that detects the flow rate of the fuel gas or the like that flows is provided.
  • the first pressure detector 131 and the first flow rate detector 132 are configured to output the detected pressure value and flow rate to the abnormality determiner 110a in the controller 110, respectively.
  • the first pressure detector 131 can use a known pressure detector (for example, a diaphragm type pressure sensor), and the first flow rate detector 132 can be a known flow rate detector (for example, a hot wire type flow sensor). ) Can be used.
  • the upstream end of the off-fuel gas path 43 is connected to the downstream end of the fuel gas passage 101 a of the fuel cell 101, and the downstream end is connected to the burner 102 a of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • a fourth on-off valve 75 for permitting / blocking the flow of fuel gas or the like flowing through the off-fuel gas path 43 is provided upstream of the connection point of the off-fuel gas path 43 with the fuel cell bypass path 44. It has been.
  • a first condenser 114 is provided downstream of the connection point of the off-fuel gas path 43 with the fuel cell bypass path 44, and the primary flow path 114 a of the off-fuel gas path 43 and the first condenser 114 is provided. And are connected.
  • the first condenser 114 is configured to separate unreacted fuel gas and moisture by condensing water vapor and liquefying it into water.
  • the upstream end of the first condensed water path 45 formed so as to extend in the vertical direction is connected to the downstream side of the first condenser 114 in the off fuel gas path 43.
  • the downstream end is connected to the upper part (here, the upper end surface) of the second condensed water tank 105B.
  • a seventh on-off valve 78 is provided on the downstream side of the connection point of the off-gas fuel gas path 43 to the fuel cell bypass path 44.
  • the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 102 is supplied to the fuel gas channel 101a of the fuel cell 101, and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas channel 101a flows through the fuel gas channel 101a. In the meantime, it is supplied to the anode (not shown) of each cell and subjected to an electrochemical reaction. Further, surplus fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 101 flows into the off-fuel gas path 43 as off-gas. While the surplus fuel gas that has flowed into the off-fuel gas path 43 flows through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114, the water vapor contained in the fuel gas is condensed and liquefied into water.
  • the surplus fuel gas separated by the first condenser 114 is supplied to the burner 102a as an off gas, and is burned by the burner 102a as described above.
  • the water separated by the first condenser 114 is supplied to the second condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> B via the first condensed water path 45.
  • a water level detector 135 is provided inside the second condensed water tank 105B.
  • the water level detector 135 is configured to detect the water level stored in the tank and to output the detected water level to the controller 110.
  • the oxidant gas supply unit 103 is configured to be able to supply an oxidant gas (here, air) to the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101.
  • an oxidant gas here, air
  • a fan such as a blower or a sirocco fan is used.
  • An upstream end of an oxidant gas supply path 46 is connected to the oxidant gas supply device 103, and a downstream end thereof is connected to the oxidant gas flow path 101 b of the fuel cell 101.
  • the oxidant gas supply path 46 includes, in order from the upstream side thereof, a third on-off valve 74, a second pressure detector 133 that detects the pressure in the piping that constitutes the oxidant gas supply path 46, and the oxidant gas supply path.
  • a second flow rate detector 134 for detecting the flow rate of the oxidant gas or the like flowing through 46 is provided.
  • the third on-off valve 74 is configured to open and close the oxidant gas supply path 46, and for example, a valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used.
  • the second pressure detector 133 and the second flow rate detector 134 are configured to output the detected pressure value and flow rate to the abnormality determiner 110a of the controller 110, respectively.
  • the second pressure detector 133 can use a known pressure detector (for example, a diaphragm type pressure sensor), and the second flow rate detector 134 can be a known flow rate detector (for example, a hot wire type flow sensor). ) Can be used.
  • the downstream end of the purge gas supply path 49 is connected between the third on-off valve 74 and the second pressure detector 133 in the oxidant gas supply path 46, and the upstream end thereof is the source gas supply path 41.
  • the flow regulating valve 112b and the second opening / closing valve 72 are connected to each other.
  • the purge gas supply path 49 is configured to allow a source gas as a purge gas or a supplemental gas to flow therethrough, and a sixth on-off valve 77 is provided in the middle thereof.
  • the sixth on-off valve 77 is configured to open and close the purge gas supply path 49, and for example, a valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used.
  • the upstream end of the off-oxidant gas passage 47 is connected to the downstream end of the oxidant gas passage 101 b of the fuel cell 101, and the downstream end is opened to the outside of the fuel cell system 100.
  • a fifth on-off valve 76 that opens and closes the off-oxidant gas path 47 is provided in the middle of the off-oxidant gas path 47.
  • the upstream end of the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 is connected between the upstream end of the off-oxidant gas path 47 and the fifth on-off valve 76, and the downstream end of the hydrogen generator 102 is connected as described above. It is connected to the burner 102a.
  • a ninth on-off valve 81 is provided in the cathode purge gas discharge path 50.
  • a second condenser 115 is provided downstream of the fifth on-off valve 76 in the off-oxidant gas path 47, and the off-oxidant gas path 47 and the primary flow path 115 a of the second condenser 115 are provided. It is connected.
  • the second condenser 115 condenses the water vapor in the off-oxidant gas flowing through the off-oxidant gas path 47 and liquefies it into water, thereby surplus off-oxidant gas and moisture that have not been used in the fuel cell 101. Are configured to separate.
  • the off-oxidant gas path 47 on the downstream side of the second condenser 115 extends vertically downward and is connected to the first condensed water tank 105A.
  • the oxidant gas is supplied from the oxidant gas supply unit 103 to the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 via the oxidant gas supply path 46, and the oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 101b.
  • the agent gas is supplied to the cathode (not shown) of each cell while passing through the oxidant gas flow path 101b and is subjected to an electrochemical reaction. Further, the surplus oxidant gas that has not been used for the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 101 flows into the off-oxidant gas path 47 together with the water generated by the electrochemical reaction.
  • the excess oxidant gas that has flowed into the off-oxidant gas path 47 is condensed into water by the water vapor contained in the oxidant gas being condensed while flowing through the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115. The Then, excess oxidant gas discharged from the second condenser 115 is introduced into the first condensed water tank 105A via the off-oxidant gas path 47, and then from an exhaust port provided in the first condensed water tank 105A. It is discharged and finally discharged outside the fuel cell system 100 (outside the package 111). On the other hand, the water separated by the second condenser 115 is supplied to the first condensed water tank 105A. The water supplied to the first condensed water tank 105A is supplied to the second condensed water tank 105B when a predetermined amount is accumulated.
  • the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas flow path 101a to the anode of each cell and the oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant gas flow path 101b to the cathode of each cell are electrochemically generated. It reacts to generate electricity and heat. Excess fuel gas that has not been used for the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 101 flows through the off-fuel gas path 43 and is stored in the second condensed water tank 105B.
  • the fuel cell 101 collects heat generated by the electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidant gas, and a cooling water flow through which cooling water (first heat medium) for cooling the fuel cell 101 flows.
  • a path 101c is provided.
  • the downstream end of the cooling water supply path 51 is connected to the upstream end of the cooling water flow path 101c, and the upstream end is connected to the lower part of the cooling water tank 104 for storing cooling water.
  • the upstream end of the cooling water discharge path 52 is connected to the downstream end of the cooling water flow path 101 c, and the downstream end is connected to the lower end surface of the cooling water tank 104.
  • a water level detector 136 is provided inside the cooling water tank 104.
  • the water level detector 136 is configured to detect the water level stored in the tank and to output the detected water level to the controller 110.
  • the cooling water is an example of a first heat medium that cools the fuel cell 101, and the first heat medium is another heat medium exemplified by an antifreeze liquid (eg, an ethylene glycol-containing liquid). It doesn't matter.
  • a heat exchanger 106 is provided at an appropriate position of the cooling water path (first heat medium path), for example, a cooling water path other than the cooling water flow path 101 c in the fuel cell 101, and the cooling water supply path 51 and the heat exchanger 106 are connected to each other.
  • the primary flow path 106a is connected.
  • the heat exchanger 106 is provided in the cooling water supply path 51 as an example.
  • the heat exchanger 106 can exchange heat between cooling water flowing through the primary flow path 106a and hot water (second heat medium) flowing through the secondary flow path 106b described later. It is configured as follows.
  • the cooling water supply path 51, the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106, the cooling water flow path 101c of the fuel cell 101, and the cooling water discharge path 52 constitute a cooling water path (first heat medium path).
  • a temperature detector 137 is provided near the upstream end of the cooling water discharge path 52.
  • the temperature detector 137 is configured to detect the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water path and output the detected temperature to the controller 110.
  • a temperature detector 137 is provided in the cooling water supply path 51 downstream from the heat exchanger 106 to detect the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the cooling water flow path 101c flowing into the fuel cell 101. It is configured as follows.
  • the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137 is configured to be output to the controller 110.
  • the temperature detector that detects the temperature of the cooling water is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be either the temperature detector 137 or the temperature detector 137, and on the cooling water path (first heat medium path). It may be provided at any location as long as it exists.
  • a first pump (first flow rate controller) 107 for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water path and the cooling water are provided at appropriate positions in the cooling water path (here, the cooling water supply path 51).
  • a third flow rate detector 138 for detecting the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the water path is provided.
  • a known flow rate detector for example, a hot-wire flow rate sensor or the like.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, a part is omitted.
  • a heat exchange bypass path 208 that branches from the cooling water path (here, the cooling water discharge path 52) and bypasses the heat exchanger 106 is provided, and the cooling water after passing through the fuel cell 101 is heated. Adjusting the flow rate of cooling water flowing through the heat exchanger 106 by combining a flow rate regulator (for example, the mixing valve 209) that adjusts the flow rate flowing into each of the alternating bypass path 208 and the heat exchanger 106 and a pump. You may employ
  • the cooling water flowing through the cooling water supply path 51 passes through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 and the hot water and heat flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106. Replace and cool.
  • the cooled cooling water is supplied to the cooling water passage 101c of the fuel cell 101.
  • the cooling water supplied to the cooling water channel 101 c recovers heat generated in the fuel cell 101 and cools the fuel cell 101.
  • the cooling water recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the cooling water tank 104.
  • the hot water storage tank 109 is formed so as to extend in the vertical direction, and a water supply path 53 for supplying city water is connected to a lower portion of the hot water storage tank 109, and an upper portion of the hot water storage tank 109 is connected to the hot water storage tank 109. Is connected to a hot water supply channel 54 for supplying hot water to the user.
  • the hot water supply channel 54 is connected to a heat load that uses the hot water (not shown). Examples of the thermal load include hot water supply equipment, heating equipment, and air conditioning equipment.
  • the hot water path 55 is provided with a second pump (second transmitter) 108, a first condenser 114, a second condenser 115, and a heat exchanger 106 in order from the upstream side.
  • the secondary flow path 114b of the first condenser 114, the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115, and the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106 are respectively connected.
  • the hot water (second heat medium) flowing through the hot water path 55 passes through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114 while flowing through the secondary flow path 114b of the first condenser 114. Heat exchanged with the off-gas flowing therethrough, and then, while flowing through the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115, the oxidant gas flowing through the primary flow path 115a of the second condenser 115 and Heated by heat exchange.
  • the stored hot water flowing through the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115 flows through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 while flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106. Heat is exchanged with cooling water.
  • the heated hot water is supplied to the upper end of the hot water tank 109 through the hot water passage 55.
  • the hot water storage tank 109 stores water having a low temperature close to the city water temperature in the lower part, and stores a heat medium heated by the heat exchanger 106 or the like in the upper part. It becomes a hot water storage tank.
  • the fuel cell system 100 includes a temperature detector 141 that detects the temperature of hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 106 in the hot water path 55, and a hot water path 55 that is downstream of the temperature detector 141.
  • a hot water storage bypass path (second heat medium bypass path) 207 that bypasses the hot water storage tank 109 and connects to the hot water storage path 55 upstream of the first condenser 114, and the inflow of hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 106
  • a second heat medium switching unit 206 that switches between the hot water storage tank 109 and the hot water storage bypass path 207 is provided.
  • an inverter 118 is electrically connected to the fuel cell 101 by appropriate wiring, and a direct current generated by the fuel cell 101 is converted into an alternating current, and power is supplied to an electric power load outside the fuel cell system 100. It is configured to supply.
  • a system power supply is connected to the electrical path through which the current output from the inverter 118 flows (not shown) via a system interconnection point. That is, the output power of the fuel cell 101 and the power from the system power supply are grid-connected at the grid connection point.
  • an intake port 61 and an exhaust port 62 are provided at appropriate positions of the package 111.
  • the intake port 61 and the exhaust port 62 are preferably provided as far away from each other as possible so that the outside air can flow through the entire package 111.
  • the exhaust port 62 may be a city gas mainly composed of methane, hydrogen, or the like. It is preferable that the flammable gas, which is lighter than oxygen, is provided on the upper portion of the package 111 where it is likely to stay.
  • a ventilation fan 119 is disposed in the vicinity of the exhaust port 62.
  • the ventilation fan 119 can be a fan such as a sirocco fan.
  • a combustible gas sensor 140 In the package 111 of the fuel cell system 100, a combustible gas sensor 140 is provided.
  • the combustible gas sensor 140 detects leakage (concentration) of combustible gas (for example, raw material gas or hydrogen gas) in the fuel cell system 100 (package 111), and supplies the detected combustible gas concentration to the controller 110. It is configured to output.
  • the combustible gas sensor 140 is an upper part of the package 111 in which a combustible gas that is lighter than oxygen such as city gas or hydrogen, which is mainly composed of methane, is located in the vicinity of the ventilation fan 119. Is provided.
  • a temperature detector 139 for detecting the temperature of the control board or the like of the controller 110 is provided in the package 111.
  • the temperature detector 139 is configured to output the detected temperature to the controller 110.
  • the controller 110 is configured by a computer such as a microcomputer, and includes an arithmetic processing unit including a CPU, a storage unit including a memory, a communication unit, and a clock unit having a calendar function (all of which are not shown). )
  • the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it to perform various controls relating to the fuel cell system 100.
  • the arithmetic processing unit processes the data stored in the storage unit and the data input from the operation input unit. In particular, the abnormality determination program read from the storage unit and the data input from each of the detectors 131 to 140 are processed.
  • an abnormality determiner 110a that determines whether an abnormality accompanying the stop of the fuel cell system 100 has occurred.
  • the abnormality determiner 110a determines that an abnormality has occurred, a fuel cell system to be described later 100 stop processing is executed.
  • the controller means not only a single controller but also a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the fuel cell system 100.
  • the controller 110 does not need to be composed of a single controller, and a plurality of controllers may be arranged in a distributed manner so as to control the fuel cell system 100 in cooperation with each other. .
  • the abnormality determiner 110a determines whether or not there is an abnormality based on the data (physical quantities) input from the detectors 131 to 140 (detects whether or not an abnormality has occurred).
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and each of the detectors 131 to 140 includes an arithmetic unit such as a microcomputer, so that it is determined whether or not there is an abnormality based on the physical quantity detected by each detector (an abnormality has occurred). It is good also as a detection) structure.
  • the remote controller 120 includes a control unit (not shown) configured by a microcomputer, a communication unit (not shown), a display unit 120a, and a key operation unit 120b.
  • the control unit controls the communication unit and the like. I have control.
  • the remote controller 120 receives a control signal by the communication unit, and the control unit processes this and transmits it to the display unit 120a.
  • an operation signal input from the key operation unit 120 b of the remote control 120 is transmitted to the controller 110 via the control unit and communication unit of the remote control 120 and received by the communication unit of the controller 110.
  • the exchange of signals between the controller 110 and the remote controller 120 is described by omitting communication by both communication units and processing of the control unit in the remote controller 120.
  • startup processing startup operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2
  • the following operation is performed by the controller 110 controlling the fuel cell system 100 by the user operating the remote controller 120.
  • the third on-off valve 74, the fifth on-off valve 76, and the sixth on-off valve 77 are respectively set so that the source gas and the oxidant gas do not flow through the oxidant gas supply path 46. Keep the valve closed. Further, the first switch 73 communicates the first port 73a with the second port 73b so that fuel gas in which carbon monoxide is not sufficiently reduced is not supplied to the fuel gas passage 101a of the fuel cell 101. And the 3rd port 73c is interrupted
  • the second on-off valve 72 opens the valve.
  • the source gas bypasses the hydrogen generator 102 and is supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 to the burner 102a through a flow path (not shown).
  • combustion air is supplied from the combustion air supplier 117 to the burner 102 a via the combustion air supply path 56.
  • the supplied source gas is combusted with combustion air, and combustion exhaust gas is produced
  • the generated flue gas flows through a flue gas path (not shown) provided in the hydrogen generator 102, heats the reformer, transformer, and purifier, and then the fuel cell system 100 (package 111). Is discharged outside.
  • the reformer, transformer, and purifier of the hydrogen generator 102 are heated by heat transfer from the combustion combustion exhaust gas.
  • the source gas is supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 to the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102 via the source gas supply path 41, and the reforming water supply path 57 is supplied from the first condensed water tank 105A.
  • the reforming water (condensed water) is supplied.
  • the supplied water is heated to become steam, and the raw material gas and the steam react to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen.
  • the generated reformed gas passes through the transformer and the purifier of the hydrogen generator 102 and is sent out from the hydrogen generator 102 as a fuel gas with reduced carbon monoxide.
  • the delivered fuel gas is introduced into the first fuel gas supply path 42a from the outlet of the purifier of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the fuel gas introduced into the first fuel gas supply path 42a is divided into the first fuel gas supply path 42a, the fuel cell bypass path 44, and the off fuel gas path 43 (more precisely, the fuel cell bypass path 44 and the off fuel gas path).
  • 43 flows through the off-fuel gas path 43) downstream of the junction with 43 and is supplied to the burner 102 a.
  • the direct supply of the raw material gas bypassing the hydrogen generator 102 from the raw material gas supplier 112 to the burner 102a is stopped.
  • the sixth on-off valve 77 and the ninth on-off valve 81 are The valve is opened, and the source gas flows through the purge gas supply path 49 and the oxidant gas supply path 46 (more precisely, the path downstream of the third on-off valve 74 of the oxidant gas supply path 46). Hydrogen that is supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 and enters the oxidant gas flow path 101b through the electrolyte from the fuel gas flow path 101a during the stop period of the fuel cell system 100 is purged by the source gas.
  • the cathode purge gas and the source gas scavenged by the cathode purge process flow through the cathode purge gas discharge path 50, are supplied to the burner 102a, and are burned.
  • the sixth on-off valve 77 and the ninth on-off valve 81 closes and complete
  • the temperature detectors (not shown) provided in the reformer, the transformer, and the purifier of the hydrogen generator 102 are each set to a predetermined temperature (for example, the reformer is 600 to 650 ° C., the transformer However, when detecting 200 to 250 ° C. and the purifier is 130 to 170 ° C.), the start-up process of the fuel cell system 100 is terminated, and a shift to power generation processing (power generation operation) is started.
  • the controller 110 detects that the temperatures detected by the temperature detectors provided in the reformer, transformer, and purifier of the hydrogen generator 102 are predetermined temperatures (for example, 600 to 650 for the reformer).
  • predetermined temperatures for example, 600 to 650 for the reformer.
  • the transformer reaches the predetermined temperature within 200-250 °C
  • the purifier reaches the predetermined temperature within 130-170 °C, it is judged that carbon monoxide has been sufficiently reduced by the transformer and the clarifier. Then, a power generation processing start signal is output.
  • the 3rd on-off valve 74, the 4th on-off valve 75, and the 5th on-off valve 76 open each valve.
  • the first switch 73 causes the first port 73a to communicate with the third port 73c, blocks the second port 73b, and starts the operation of the oxidant gas supplier 103.
  • the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 102 flows through the first fuel gas supply path 42 a and the second fuel gas supply path 42 b (that is, the fuel gas supply path 42), and the fuel gas of the fuel cell 101. Supplied to the channel 101a. Further, the oxidant gas is supplied from the oxidant gas supply device 103 through the oxidant gas supply path 46 and supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 101 b of the fuel cell 101. At this time, the first and second flow rate detectors 132 and 134 detect and detect the flow rates of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas flowing through the second fuel gas supply path 42b and the oxidant gas supply path 46, respectively. The flow rate is output to the controller 110.
  • the fuel gas and the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel gas channel 101a and the oxidant gas channel 101b of the fuel cell 101 are supplied to the anode and cathode of each cell, respectively, and react electrochemically to form water. Is generated, generating electricity and heat.
  • the generated electricity is converted from a direct current to an alternating current by an inverter 118 and supplied to an electric power load outside the fuel cell system 100.
  • Surplus fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the off-fuel gas path 43 as off-gas. While the surplus fuel gas supplied to the off-fuel gas path 43 flows through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114, water vapor contained in the fuel gas is condensed and liquefied into water. The surplus fuel gas that has passed through the first condenser 114 is supplied to the burner 102a as off-gas, and is burned in the burner 102a as described above. On the other hand, the water separated by the first condenser 114 is supplied to the second condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> B via the off fuel gas path 43.
  • surplus oxidant gas that has not been used in the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the off-oxidant gas path 47. While the surplus oxidant gas supplied to the off-oxidant gas path 47 flows through the primary flow path 115a of the second condenser 115, water vapor contained in the oxidant gas is condensed and liquefied into water. The The surplus oxidant gas that has passed through the second condenser 115 is finally discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 through the exhaust port of the first condensed water tank 105A. On the other hand, the water separated by the second condenser 115 is supplied to the first condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> A via the off-oxidant gas path 47.
  • the cooling water is supplied from the cooling water tank 104 to the cooling water passage 101c of the fuel cell 101 via the cooling water path (more precisely, the cooling water supply path 51).
  • the cooling water supplied to the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 is stored in hot water flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106 while flowing through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106. It is cooled by exchanging heat.
  • the cooled cooling water flows through the cooling water supply path 51 and is supplied to the cooling water channel 101 c of the fuel cell 101.
  • the cooling water supplied to the cooling water channel 101 c recovers heat generated in the fuel cell 101 and cools the fuel cell 101.
  • the cooling water recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101 flows through the cooling water discharge path 52 and is supplied to the cooling water tank 104.
  • the hot water supplied from the lower part (here, the lower end surface) of the hot water tank 109 to the hot water path 55 is the secondary flow path 114b of the first condenser 114 and the secondary flow path 115ab of the second condenser 115.
  • the heat exchange with the surplus fuel gas and oxidant gas flowing through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114 and the primary flow path 115a of the second condenser 115 is performed, respectively.
  • the heated hot water is supplied to the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106 and passes through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 while flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106. It is further heated by exchanging heat with the flowing cooling water.
  • the heated hot water is supplied to the upper part of the hot water tank 109 through the hot water path 55 and supplied to the heat load from the hot water supply path 54.
  • the normal stop process referred to here is a stop process different from the stop process (abnormal stop process) executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100.
  • a stop process that is executed when the power demand of the power load falls below a predetermined threshold that does not require the power generation operation a stop process that is executed when a preset stop time is reached, and the like. .
  • the stop process is defined as an operation from when the controller 110 outputs a stop command until the fuel cell system 100 completes the stop process. It should be noted that after the completion of the stop process of the fuel cell system 100, the controller 110 is operating, the operation of the parts other than the controller 110 is stopped, and when an activation request is generated, the controller 110 A start command is output, and a transition is made to a standby state in which start processing can be started immediately.
  • the controller 110 when the controller 110 outputs a stop command, for example, when the stop command is input by a stop button provided on the remote controller 120 by a user's operation, or the power demand of the power load falls below a predetermined threshold.
  • a stop command is output. Further, the power generation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped by setting the output of the inverter 118 to zero and electrically disconnecting the electric circuit on the outlet side of the inverter 118.
  • FIG. 4A is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a flowchart showing the main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell in the normal stop process of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • step S100 the operation of the oxidant gas supply unit 103 is stopped, the supply of the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas channel 101b is stopped (step S100), and the third on-off valve 74 and the second 5 The on-off valve 76 is closed, and the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 is shut off from the outside air (step S101).
  • the first switch 73 communicates the first port 73a with the second port 73b, shuts off the third port 73c, and the fourth on-off valve 75 closes the valve (step S102).
  • the flow path between the third port 73c of the first switch 73 and the fourth on-off valve 75 that is, the second fuel gas supply path 42b, the fuel gas flow path 101a of the fuel cell 101, and the off-fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas is confined in the flow path up to the fourth on-off valve 75 in the path 43, and mixing of air or the like into the fuel gas flow path 101a from the outside is suppressed, so that deterioration of the anode can be suppressed.
  • the booster pump 112a, the third pump 113, and the oxidizing air supplier 116 are stopped, and the supply of the raw material gas, the reforming water, and the oxidizing air to the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped (step S103). Further, the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 close the valves (step S104).
  • the power generation is also stopped.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) is air-cooled by the air supplied from the combustion air supplier 117, and the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 decreases with time.
  • step S105 when the detected temperature (step S105) of the temperature detector (not shown) provided in the reformer (not shown) of the hydrogen generator 102 becomes equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature (Yes in step S106),
  • the fifth on-off valve 76, the sixth on-off valve 77, and the ninth on-off valve 81 are opened (step S107), the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are opened, and the operation of the booster pump 112a is started (fuel). (Start of cathode purge process during stop process of battery system 100) (step S108).
  • the cathode purge temperature is a temperature (for example, 600 ° C.) that is lower than the heat resistant temperature of the catalyst used in the reformer even when the temperature increase of the hydrogen generator 102 during the cathode purge process during the stop process is added. ).
  • the reformer inside the hydrogen generator 102 is in a state in which the raw material gas and water vapor sealed in the internal space remain immediately after the stop. The possibility that carbon will be deposited from the raw material during the cathode purge process in FIG.
  • the source gas flows from the source gas supply path 41 through the purge gas supply path 49, and the oxidant gas supply path 46 (precisely, the purge gas supply path 49 and the oxidant gas supply path 46 join together).
  • the oxidant gas present in the oxidant gas flow path 101b is purged by the purge gas, and the off-oxidant gas path 47 (to be precise, the path upstream of the fifth on-off valve 76 in the off-oxidant gas path 47).
  • the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 is supplied to the burner 102a.
  • the oxidant gas and source gas supplied to the burner 102a are combusted in the burner 102a (step S109).
  • the elapsed time T1 from the start of the cathode purge process during the stop process is measured (step S110), and when the elapsed time T1 becomes equal to or longer than the cathode purge time J1 (Yes in step S111), the booster pump 112a.
  • the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are closed (step S112), and the fifth on-off valve 76, the sixth on-off valve 77, and the ninth on-off valve 81 are closed (stop of the fuel cell system 100).
  • End of cathode purge process during processing) (step S113).
  • the cathode purge time is defined as the time required for scavenging at least the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 from the oxidant gas flow path 101b.
  • the closed flow path formed by the third on-off valve 74, the sixth on-off valve 77, the fifth on-off valve 76, and the ninth on-off valve 81 that is, the downstream side from the sixth on-off valve 77 of the purge gas supply path 49.
  • Purge gas is confined in the flow path to the valve 81 (hereinafter referred to as purge gas sealing flow path), and the entry of air or the like into the oxidant gas flow path 101b from the outside is suppressed.
  • the temperature detector provided in the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102 sets the temperature t1 of the reformer.
  • the combustion air supplier 117 supplies the combustion air to the burner 102a. Stop (step S116).
  • the standby temperature is a temperature at which the fuel cell system 100 can enter a standby state, and is defined as an upper limit temperature at which carbon deposition does not occur even when only the raw material gas is supplied to the hydrogen generator 102, for example. .
  • a predetermined cooling operation exhaust heat recovery operation
  • the operations of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are executed (step S200), and the stored hot water is used as a heat exchanger.
  • heat is exchanged with the cooling water, and the residual heat held by the fuel cell 101 is recovered.
  • the controller 110 detects that the temperature detected by the temperature detector provided in the reformer is equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature and the cathode purge process is started during the stop process (step S201).
  • the operation of one pump 107 is stopped (step S202).
  • the operation of the first pump 107 is resumed (step S204), and the reformer temperature t1 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature in step S115 of FIG. 4B.
  • the reduction is confirmed (step S205) and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply device 117 is stopped in step S116 of FIG. 4B, the operations of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are also performed. Is stopped (step S206).
  • this standby state is a state in which the next fuel cell system is waiting to start operation. For example, when a predetermined activation request is generated, an activation command is output from the controller 110, and the next It is defined as a state that shifts to execution of the startup process.
  • Examples of the activation request include, for example, that the power demand of the power load is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the power generation output of the fuel cell system, or that the user operates the key operation unit 120b of the remote controller 120 to make a power generation start request. To do.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 In the standby state, the hydrogen generator 102 is naturally allowed to cool because the combustion air supply 117 is stopped. At that time, the hydrogen generator 102 is provided in the reformer of the hydrogen generator 102 as shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the detected temperature detector detects the temperature t1 of the reformer again (step S118) and the detected temperature t1 becomes lower than the FP purge temperature (for example, 300 ° C.) lower than the standby temperature (step S119).
  • the first on-off valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the seventh on-off valve 78 are opened, and the booster pump 112a is activated (purge process (FP (Fuel Processor) purge for the hydrogen generator 102)).
  • start of processing (step S120).
  • the source gas (purge gas) is supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 to the hydrogen generator 102, and the gas such as water vapor existing in the reactor such as a reformer provided in the hydrogen generator 102 is supplied by the source gas.
  • the gas is purged, scavenged from the hydrogen generator 102, and sent to the burner 102a.
  • the gas sent to the burner 102a is burned by the burner 102a (step S121).
  • the second purge temperature can be obtained by adding the amount of temperature rise of the reformer due to the combustion operation in the burner 102a during the FP purge process to the hydrogen generator 102, even if the source gas in the reformer is carbon deposited. Not defined as temperature.
  • the elapsed time T2 from the start of the FP purge process is measured (step S122).
  • the booster pump 112a is stopped and the first opening / closing is performed.
  • the valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the seventh on-off valve 78 are closed (end of the FP purge process) (step S124).
  • the FP purge time is defined as the time required for at least the water vapor in the hydrogen generator 102 to be scavenged.
  • the fuel cell system 100 when the operation is stopped in a normal state, at least a stop process that protects at least the function of the fuel cell 101 (for example, the fuel cell system 100).
  • the cathode purge process at the time of the stop process) is executed, and the apparatus quickly shifts to the standby state.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation is performed only until the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 can be restarted (that is, the temperature of the reformer is equal to or lower than the standby temperature). It is configured to perform the minimum necessary cooling operation such as.
  • the temperature of the device such as the fuel cell 101 is higher than the ambient temperature (outside air temperature).
  • the energy required to raise the temperature of 101 is reduced, the time required for the startup process is shortened, and the startup performance of the system is improved.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer), the FP purge process, the cathode purge process of the fuel cell 101, and the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101
  • it is configured to execute the collecting operation, it is not limited to this.
  • a configuration is adopted in which at least one of the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer), the FP purge process, the cathode purge process of the fuel cell 101, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is not executed.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer) and the stop timing of the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 may be stopped at a timing different from the above flow.
  • an abnormality detection / stop process a process of detecting an abnormality and a subsequent stop process (hereinafter referred to as an abnormality detection / stop process) will be described based on detection values of the detectors 131 to 140 of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2. .
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing an example of an abnormality that accompanies the operation stop of the fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention.
  • the abnormality that accompanies the shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 is defined including the first abnormality and the second abnormality. That is, the abnormality that accompanies the shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 may be defined including an abnormality other than the first abnormality and the second abnormality.
  • the first abnormality means that a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality detected by each of the detectors 131 to 140 is executed, so that the maintenance operation is not performed by the maintenance worker and the fuel cell system is in a standby state. An abnormality that is transferred to
  • the second abnormality is a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140, and a maintenance worker must perform maintenance work.
  • it means an abnormality in which the fuel cell system cannot enter the standby state.
  • the maintenance worker does not perform maintenance after that, the activation request is issued. Even if it occurs, the activation is permitted, the activation command is not output from the controller 110, and the fuel cell system does not start the activation process.
  • the maintenance means that a maintenance worker comes to the place where the fuel cell system 100 is installed, and performs work such as recovery work or repair of the fuel cell system 100.
  • the cooling water temperature abnormality and the 1st pump abnormality are prescribed
  • these abnormalities are examples, and some of these abnormalities may be defined as the first abnormalities, and abnormalities other than these abnormalities may be defined as the first abnormalities.
  • the cooling water temperature abnormality is cooling water supplied from the cooling water supply path 51 to the upstream end of the cooling water flow path 101c of the fuel cell 101 or cooling discharged from the downstream end of the cooling water flow path 101c to the cooling water discharge path 52.
  • the temperature of the water is detected by a temperature detector (here, a temperature detector 137 that detects the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the downstream end of the cooling water passage 101c to the cooling water discharge passage 52), and the detected temperature is excessively increased.
  • An abnormality when the temperature is too low or too low.
  • the first pump abnormality means that the first pump 107 does not operate normally. For example, because dust has entered the first pump 107, the first pump 107 operates above the lower limit of the operation amount of the first pump 107, but a rotation detector (not shown) that detects the operation of the first pump 107.
  • the controller 110 When the pulse output associated with the rotation or reciprocation of the pump is not output for a predetermined time, that is, when the pump operation is not detected for the predetermined time, the controller 110 outputs a signal for increasing the operation amount of the first pump 107. To do. Then, if there is no pulse output from the first pump 107 based on this signal, the controller 110 determines that the first pump 107 is abnormal, and the abnormality is an operation of the fuel cell system 100.
  • the reason for treating this abnormality as the first abnormality is not a fatal abnormality that requires replacement or the like for maintenance of the first pump 107, but can be recovered by executing a predetermined recovery process such as dust biting. This is because there is a possibility of abnormalities.
  • the controller 110 It may be determined as a second abnormality.
  • the abnormality of the device for example, the failure of the cooling water tank water level detector, the failure of the condensed water tank water level detector, the flow detector Failure, failure of temperature detector in cooling water path, failure of voltage converter, failure of ventilation fan), gas leakage abnormality (eg, gas leakage abnormality of fuel gas flow path, gas leakage of oxidant gas flow path) Abnormality, flammable gas leakage abnormality) and controller temperature rise abnormality are specified.
  • the abnormalities are examples, and some of these abnormalities may be defined as second abnormalities, and abnormalities other than these abnormalities may be defined as second abnormalities.
  • the controller 110 regards the abnormality as a failure that is assumed to be a failure of the water level detector 135. 2 is determined as abnormal.
  • the condensed water tank water level detector As an abnormality which is assumed to be a failure of the condensed water tank water level detector, for example, when a water draining operation is executed from the first condensed water tank 105A, the water level of the first condensed water tank 105A detected by the water level detector 135 is used. However, there is an abnormality that is not more than a predetermined threshold even after the abnormality determination time has elapsed. Since such an abnormality may occur when the float is fixed to the upper side with a float type water level sensor, the controller 110 assumes that the abnormality is assumed to be a failure of the water level detector 136. A second abnormality is determined.
  • the flow rate of the oxidant gas detected by the second flow rate detector 134 with respect to the operation amount of the oxidant gas supply device 103 is outside the allowable range (for example, a predetermined value).
  • an abnormality in which the flow rate detected by the third flow rate detector 138 with respect to the operation amount of the first pump 107 is outside the allowable range (for example, below a predetermined threshold value).
  • the controller 110 determines that the abnormality is a second abnormality as an abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the flow rate detector. To do.
  • the controller 110 regards the abnormality as a failure that is assumed to be a failure of the voltage converter. 2 is determined as abnormal.
  • the temperature detectors 137 and 141 are thermistors
  • an abnormality in which these detected values become values indicating a short circuit or a disconnection is assumed as an abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the temperature detector provided in the cooling water path. Can be mentioned.
  • the controller 110 determines that the abnormality is the second abnormality.
  • the abnormal gas leakage in the fuel gas flow path means that the third port 73c of the first switch 73 and the fourth open / close state between the stop process of the fuel cell system 100 and the start of power generation.
  • the first pressure detector 131 detects the above. This is an abnormality in which the pressure in the sealed fuel gas path is below a predetermined threshold.
  • Such an abnormality is caused, for example, when the fuel cell 101 is damaged and the fuel gas leaks from the fuel gas flow path 101a, or when the first switch 73 and / or the fourth on-off valve 75 breaks down. It may occur when the gas cannot be closed. In these cases, it is difficult to continue the operation even if the operation is resumed after the fuel cell system 100 is stopped. 110 determines that the abnormality is the second abnormality.
  • the gas leakage abnormality in the oxidant gas flow path means that the third on-off valve 74 and the fifth on-off valve 76 are closed during the period from the stop process of the fuel cell system 100 to the start of power generation.
  • an abnormality occurs in which the pressure in the sealed oxidant gas path detected by the second pressure detector 133 falls below a predetermined threshold.
  • Such an abnormality can be caused by, for example, when the fuel cell 101 is damaged and the raw material gas leaks from the oxidant gas flow path 101b, or when the third on-off valve 74 and / or the fifth on-off valve 76 fails. This may occur when the raw material gas cannot be closed. In these cases, it is difficult to continue the operation even if the operation is resumed after the fuel cell system 100 is stopped.
  • the device 110 determines that the second abnormality has occurred.
  • the combustible gas concentration abnormality means an abnormality in which the combustible gas sensor 140 detects combustible gas. For example, the case where flammable gas leaks into the fuel cell system 100 (package 111) and the flammable gas sensor 140 detects the flammable gas.
  • the controller 110 determines the abnormality as the second abnormality.
  • the controller 110 As an abnormality assumed to be a failure of the ventilation fan, for example, after the controller 110 outputs an operation start signal of the ventilation fan 119, the rotation is detected by a rotation detector (not shown) that detects the fan rotation speed of the ventilation fan 119. There is an abnormality in which the time that cannot be detected continues for a predetermined time or more. Such an abnormality may occur, for example, when dust clogging occurs in the ventilation fan 119. Therefore, the controller 110 regards the abnormality as a second abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the ventilation fan 119. Judge as abnormal.
  • the temperature rise abnormality of the controller 110 includes an abnormality in which the temperature of the control board or the like of the controller 110 detected by the temperature detector 139 is outside the allowable range (for example, below a predetermined threshold). The abnormality is determined as the second abnormality.
  • the abnormality determiner 110a functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention for the failure of each detector, and the abnormality determiner 110a for the abnormality different from the failure of the detector. And a detector that outputs a detection value that is a determination target when determining the abnormality functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of a stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
  • the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 acquires detection values detected from the detectors 131 to 140 (step S301), and the detection values acquired in step S301 are obtained. Then, it is determined whether it is abnormal (step S302). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S301, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S301 and S302 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S303.
  • step S303 a stop process (hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process) corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110. Then, when this stop process is completed, the process proceeds to step S304.
  • an abnormal stop process hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process
  • step S304 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S305, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality. In step S306, the process proceeds to step S306.
  • step S305 when the abnormal stop process is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state and ends the program.
  • the fuel cell system 100 shifts to an activation disapproval state in which activation is not permitted even when an activation request is generated, and the program is terminated.
  • the abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality is executed. However, a cooling operation common to each abnormality (a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101, etc.) is executed.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing in the flowchart of the stop processing program by abnormality detection shown in FIG.
  • the failure of the temperature detector 137 belongs to the second abnormality
  • the abnormality stopping process described below is not limited to the case where the second abnormality is detected, and there is an abnormality that requires stopping the power generation operation of the fuel cell 100.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 are similarly executed. That is, even when the first abnormality is detected, the same processing is performed for the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • step S500 the stop operation similar to the normal stop process is performed (step S500).
  • the operation of the combustion air supply device 117, the first pump 107, and the second pump 108 is performed after the temperature t1 of the reformer becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature by the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply device 117.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 are continued (step S501).
  • the temperature detector provided in the reformer detects the temperature t1 of the reformer (step S502), and when the detected temperature t1 of the temperature detector becomes equal to or lower than the FP purge temperature (step S503). Then, the FP purge process similar to the normal stop process is executed (step S504). That is, steps S120 to S124 shown in FIG. 4B are performed. Thereafter, when the FP purge process is completed (step S505), the controller 110 stops the operation of the combustion air supply device 117, the first pump 107, and the second pump 108 (stop of the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 and fuel).
  • step S506 the fuel cell system 100 is shifted to the start non-permitted state (step S507).
  • the transition to the activation disapproval state means that even if the user operates the remote controller 120 so as to start the fuel cell system 100, the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 causes the above-described fuel cell system 100 to operate. This means that the activation process is not performed. That is, in the second embodiment, when an abnormality accompanying the stop of the fuel cell system 100 is detected by the detectors 131 to 140, the controller 110 allows the user to operate the key operation unit 120b of the remote controller 120. Even if the start command is transmitted to the communication unit of the controller 110 by the operation, the start process of the fuel cell system 100 is not permitted.
  • the cathode purge process and the FP purge process are executed in the abnormal stop process.
  • the abnormality detected by the abnormality determiner 110a is an abnormality in the gas leakage system (for example, In the case of a gas leakage abnormality in the fuel gas flow path, a gas leakage abnormality in the oxidant gas flow path, or a flammable gas leakage abnormality), the raw material gas that is a flammable gas leaks into the package 111 of the fuel cell system 100 during the purge process. Therefore, it is preferable that these purge processes are not performed.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an outline of hot water storage control in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the control of the hot water temperature is performed so that hot water having a hot water storage lower limit temperature (for example, 60 ° C.) or higher is stored in the hot water storage tank 109.
  • a hot water storage lower limit temperature for example, 60 ° C.
  • the temperature detector 141 detects the temperature t3 of the hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 106 (step S600), and the hot water temperature t3 is equal to or higher than the hot water storage lower limit temperature. If so (Yes in step S601), the controller 110 controls the second heat medium switching unit 206 so that the hot water storage flows into the hot water storage tank 109 (step S602).
  • the controller 110 controls the second heat medium switching device 206 so as to be on the hot water storage bypass path 207 side (Ste S603).
  • the temperature of the reformer becomes the temperature at which the FP purge process can be performed after the temperature of the reformer becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature (the FP purge temperature or lower).
  • the cooling of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supplier 117 and the first operation are not waited for the hydrogen generator 102 to cool by natural cooling as in the normal stop process.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 by the pump 107 and the second pump 108 is continued, and the hydrogen generator 102 and the fuel cell 101 are cooled more quickly.
  • the abnormal stop process is performed as a stop process in which the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is increased compared to the normal stop process. Therefore, the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is suppressed as compared with the time of the forced stop process. The energy required to raise the temperature of the devices to be operated (for example, the hydrogen generator 102, the fuel cell 101, etc.) is reduced, and the time required for the startup process is reduced, so that the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) and the exhaust heat recovery of the fuel cell 101 are completed until the FP purge process is completed during the abnormal stop process.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and the amount of cooling of the hydrogen generator 102 and the amount of exhaust heat recovery of the fuel cell 101 are increased during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process. Any form can be used as long as it does.
  • the cooling operation time of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply device 117 and the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are used.
  • the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is controlled to be increased.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the combustion air supply device 117 You may employ
  • the operation amount of the combustion air supply device 117 is increased from that during the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 in the normal stop process. Can be adopted.
  • the first flow regulator adjusts the flow rate at which the cooling water after passing through the first pump 107 and the fuel cell 101 flows into the heat exchange bypass path 208 and the heat exchanger 106.
  • a mode in which the mixing valve 209 is controlled to increase the amount of cooling water flowing into the heat exchanger 106 side may be adopted.
  • the controller 110 controls the first pump 107 so as to maintain or increase the operation amount of the first pump 107 together with the control of the mixing valve 209.
  • the abnormal stop process is not limited to the case where the first abnormality is detected or the second abnormality is detected.
  • a stop process is executed in which the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is increased as compared with the normal stop process. did.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling of the hydrogen generator 102 are the same as the normal stop process. A mode for executing the operation may be adopted.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 for improving the transition to the maintenance work are not executed. Therefore, at the next startup, the energy required to raise the temperature of the devices (for example, the hydrogen generator 102, the fuel cell 101, etc.) constituting the system is reduced, and the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment.
  • the difference is that a burner 205 that burns using the gas and oxidant gas discharged from the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel of the gas supply device 200 and the fuel cell 101 is provided.
  • the fuel gas supply device is a flow rate controller that controls the flow rate of fuel gas supplied from a fuel gas source such as a hydrogen infrastructure or a hydrogen cylinder, and includes a flow rate adjustment valve, a booster, and a flow rate adjustment valve. A combined configuration or the like is used.
  • the fuel cell system 100 uses fuel gas containing hydrogen supplied from the fuel gas supply device 200 and oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant gas supply device 103 during normal power generation operation.
  • the fuel cell 101 generates power.
  • the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101 is circulated by the operation of the first pump 107. It is recovered by the cooling water inside.
  • the heat recovered by the cooling water is recovered by the hot water stored in the hot water path 55 circulated by the operation of the second pump 108 through the heat exchanger 106 and stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank 109.
  • the eighth on-off valve 201 and the seventh on-off valve 78 provided on the upstream and downstream fuel gas paths 202 of the fuel cell 101 are opened and the fuel cell 101
  • the third on-off valve 74 and the fifth on-off valve 76 provided on the upstream and downstream oxidant gas paths 203 are also opened.
  • the heat exchanger 106 is an example of a radiator, and instead of the heat exchanger 106, a form of cooling the cooling water of the fuel cell by air cooling may be adopted as in the second embodiment. In this case, the cooling amount of the cooling water is adjusted by at least one of the inflow amount of the cooling water to the radiator and the operation amount of the air cooling fan.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing main operations of a normal stop process in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the controller 110 uses the fuel gas supply device 200 and the oxidant gas supply device 103 to supply fuel gas and oxidant to the fuel cell system 100.
  • the supply of gas is stopped, and the eighth on-off valve 201 and the fifth on-off valve 76 on the fuel gas path 202 and the third on-off valve 74 and the seventh on-off valve on the oxidant gas path are closed.
  • the controller 110 also stops the operation of the inverter 118 and stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell 101.
  • step S700 An exhaust heat recovery operation is executed (step S700).
  • the lower limit temperature at which the temperature detected by the temperature detector 141 can be stored in the hot water storage tank 109 hot water storage lower limit temperature: for example, 60 ° C.
  • the controller 110 controls the flow rate of the hot water by controlling the operation amount of the second pump 108 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 141.
  • the controller 110 includes the first pump 107 and The operation of the second pump 108 is stopped, the stop process is completed, and the fuel cell system 100 is shifted to a standby state.
  • the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137 is regarded as the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the temperature of the fuel cell 101 is directly set to the temperature. You may make it detect with a detector.
  • the fuel cell 101 is cooled by controlling the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump 107) based on the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137. ing.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is executed until the temperature of the fuel cell 101 becomes lower than the hot water storage temperature.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and the exhaust gas is not limited to this example. You may employ
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of an abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the following abnormal stop processing is not limited to the case where the first abnormality and the second abnormality shown in FIG. 6 are detected, but when an abnormality that requires stopping the power generation operation of the fuel cell 100 is detected.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 are similarly executed.
  • an abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality is executed.
  • a stop command is output under the control of the controller 110, and the supply of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas from the fuel gas supply unit 200 and the oxidant gas supply unit 103 is stopped as in the normal stop process.
  • the eighth on-off valve 201 and the fifth on-off valve 76 on the fuel gas path 202 and the third on-off valve 74 and the seventh on-off valve 78 on the oxidant gas path are closed.
  • the residual heat remaining in the fuel cell 101 is reduced in the same manner as in the normal stop process.
  • the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are operated, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is executed (step S800).
  • the temperature detector 137 measures the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water path 204 until it passes through the fuel cell 101 and flows into the heat exchanger 106 (step S801).
  • step S802 When the water temperature t2 becomes less than a temperature at which heat can be transferred from the cooling water to the stored hot water via the heat exchanger 106 (exhaust heat recovery temperature: for example, 40 ° C.) (step S802), the controller 110 The operations of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are stopped (step S803), the stop process is completed, and the fuel cell system 100 is shifted to the start non-permitted state (step S804).
  • a temperature at which heat can be transferred from the cooling water to the stored hot water via the heat exchanger 106 exhaust heat recovery temperature: for example, 40 ° C.
  • the exhaust heat recoverable temperature is set as a temperature lower than the hot water storage possible temperature and higher than the city water temperature.
  • the determination conditions in steps S701 and S702 may be any determination conditions as long as it is possible to determine whether heat can be transferred from the cooling water to the hot water storage via the heat exchanger 106.
  • the determination is based on whether or not the difference between the detection temperature of the temperature detector 137 and the detection temperature of the temperature detector 141 that detects the temperature of the hot water flowing into the heat exchanger 106 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value greater than zero. May be.
  • the hot water storage control (see FIG. 9) described in the second embodiment is executed in the same way, Is controlled so that hot water above the minimum hot water storage temperature can be stored.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 at the time of the abnormal stop process shown in FIG. 12 is an example, and the operation is not limited to this. Any form may be used as long as the cooling amount increases.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation (see FIG. 8) of the fuel cell 101 during the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 described in the second embodiment an embodiment may be adopted.
  • the abnormal stop process continues the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 until the cooling water temperature becomes lower than that in the normal process.
  • the temperature of the device through which the fluid flowing through the fuel cell 101 flows (cooling water path 204, heat exchanger 106, etc.) is lowered quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker will not be burned, etc. It can be made.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is suppressed as compared with the time of the abnormal stop processing. Since the energy required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell system is reduced and the time required for the startup process is shortened, the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the abnormal stop process is performed when the first abnormality is detected or when the second abnormality is detected. Not only when an abnormality is detected, but when an abnormality that requires stopping the power generation operation of the fuel cell system is detected, the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 are compared with those in the normal stop process. A mode is adopted in which a stop process in which the cooling amount increases is executed. However, regarding the abnormal stop process when the first abnormality that does not require maintenance work is detected after the stop process is completed, the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling of the hydrogen generator 102 are the same as the normal stop process. A mode for executing the operation may be adopted.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 for improving the transition to the maintenance work are not executed. Therefore, at the next startup, the energy required to raise the temperature of the devices (for example, the hydrogen generator 102, the fuel cell 101, etc.) constituting the system is reduced, and the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the basic configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3, but the controller 110 controls the temperature of the fuel cell 101 during power generation operation.
  • the feature is that the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 is controlled based on the above.
  • the controller 110 detects the temperature detector 137 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137 provided in the cooling water path (here, the cooling water discharge path 52) during the power generation operation.
  • a new feature is that the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 is controlled so that the temperature becomes a predetermined temperature lower than the temperature of the cooling water passing through the fuel cell 101.
  • the first flow rate controller when the first flow rate controller is constituted by the first pump 107, this is controlled by the operation amount of the first pump. Further, the first flow controller adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water after passing through the first pump 107 and the fuel cell 101 into the heat exchange bypass path 208 and the heat exchanger 106 (for example, mixing) The flow rate may be controlled by the amount of operation of the first pump 107 and the flow rate regulator.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 controls the first flow rate controller so that the flow rate is larger than the flow rate during the power generation operation during the abnormal stop process.
  • the controller 110 controls the operation amount of the first pump 107 to be a predetermined operation amount that is larger than the operation amount during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 (hereinafter referred to as forced cooling operation).
  • forced cooling operation the operation amount during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100
  • the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of an abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • step S800 is a first cooling process in which the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 is controlled in consideration of the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137 is regarded as the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • the controller 110 is detected by the temperature detector 137. Regardless of the temperature, the process proceeds to a forced cooling operation for controlling the first flow rate controller so that the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 becomes a predetermined value or more. For example, it is preferable to control the first flow rate controller so that the coolant flow rate during the forced cooling operation is larger than the average flow rate during the power generation operation.
  • step S800c is a second cooling step in which the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 is increased from a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • the average flow rate during the power generation operation is, for example, a value obtained by dividing the sum of the product of the flow rate detected by the third flow rate detector 138 and the detection interval during the power generation operation by the power generation operation time.
  • the heat exchanger is based on the detected flow rate of the third flow rate detector 138 and the opening degree of the mixing valve 209 at the time when the flow rate is detected.
  • the average flow rate is obtained by calculating the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through 106 and dividing the sum of the product of the calculated value and the detection interval during the power generation operation by the power generation operation time.
  • the average operation amount during the power generation operation is, for example, a value obtained by dividing the sum of the product of the operation amount output from the controller 110 to the first pump 107 and the command interval during the power generation operation by the power generation operation time. Become.
  • step S801 the forced cooling operation is continued until the temperature of the temperature detector 137 becomes less than the temperature at which exhaust heat can be recovered, as in the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 can be speeded up more than when the forced cooling operation is not performed during the exhaust heat recovery operation during the abnormal stop process.
  • step S800 the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137 is used to determine whether or not to perform the exhaust heat recovery operation similar to that during normal power generation operation. You can judge.
  • the elapsed time of the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 after the start of the abnormal stop process is measured by a clock unit, and when this elapsed time is equal to or longer than a predetermined time J3, control may be performed so as to shift to the forced cooling operation. I do not care.
  • the controller 110 controls the second heat medium switching unit 206 so that the stored hot water flows into the hot water storage bypass path 207 in the forced cooling operation.
  • This is due to the following reason.
  • the fuel cell 101 is cooled more quickly, and consequently, the cooling water flowing through the cooling water path has a lower temperature.
  • the hot water temperature after passing through the heat exchanger 106 is likely to be lower than the hot water lower limit temperature.
  • the controller 110 controls the second heat medium switching unit 206 so as to suppress the supply of hot water having a temperature lower than the stored hot water lower limit temperature to the hot water storage tank 109.
  • the switching control to the hot water storage bypass path 207 side in the forced cooling operation does not mean that this control is always performed during the forced cooling operation, and includes the case of switching to the hot water storage tank 109 side as appropriate. For example, the case where the hot water storage temperature after passing through the heat exchanger 106 is higher than the hot water storage lower limit temperature is appropriately switched to the hot water storage tank 109 side.
  • the controller 110 determines that the opening degree of the mixing valve 209 toward the heat exchanger 106 is an average during power generation operation in the forced cooling operation. You may control so that it may become larger than an opening degree. Further, the controller 110 may start the forced cooling operation (step S800c) with the start of the abnormal stop process without going through the exhaust heat recovery operation (steps S800 to S800b) similar to that during the power generation operation. In this case, the controller 110 controls to forcibly increase the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 beyond a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell 101 during the abnormal stop process. It becomes.
  • the controller 110 performs the cooling detected by the temperature detector 137 during the normal stop process.
  • the fuel cell 101 is cooled by controlling the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump 107) based on the temperature of the water. Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the controller 110 operates the first flow rate controller (first pump 107) based on the coolant temperature detected by the temperature detector 137 during the normal stop process.
  • the first flow rate controller (the first flow rate controller) is forcibly controlled regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell 101 (the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137) during the abnormal stop process.
  • the operation amount of the pump 107 is controlled to be increased from a predetermined value.
  • the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101 shown in FIG. 12 is used instead of the exhaust heat recovery operation (see FIG. 5) of the fuel cell 101 shown in the second embodiment.
  • the average opening during the power generation operation is, for example, a value obtained by dividing the sum of the product of the opening commanded from the controller 110 to the first pump 107 and the command interval during the power generation operation by the power generation operation time. Become.
  • the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 is set to a predetermined flow rate larger than the average flow rate during the power generation operation.
  • the first flow rate controller so as to achieve a flow rate, maintenance work is performed on the fuel cell 101 and the temperature of the device through which the fluid flowing through the fuel cell 101 flows (for example, the cooling water path 204, the heat exchanger 106, etc.).
  • the temperature can be lowered more quickly to such an extent that the person does not burn or the like, and the shift to the maintenance work can be speeded up.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment, and the operations (operations such as power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100) are different.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the basic configuration may be the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, and the operation may be configured as described above.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of an abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the basic configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, but the abnormal stopping process is different as shown in FIG.
  • step S800 is a first cooling process in which the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 is controlled in consideration of the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137 is regarded as the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • step S800c is a second cooling step in which the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 is increased from a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell 101.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell 101 becomes larger than that in the normal stop as compared with the case where the forced cooling operation is not performed during the exhaust heat recovery operation during the abnormal stop process.
  • the heat recovery operation can be further speeded up.
  • step S801 the forced cooling operation is performed until the FP purge process is completed in the same manner as the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2.
  • the fuel cell 101 and the temperature of the device through which the fluid flowing through the fuel cell 101 flows (in comparison with the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment)
  • the cooling water path 204, the heat exchanger 106, etc.) can be cooled down to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the transition to the maintenance work can be accelerated.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the fifth embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment, and differs in operation (operations such as power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100).
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the basic configuration may be the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3, and the operation thereof may be configured as described above.
  • Embodiment 6 In the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention, after the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped, a supplementary pressure operation for supplying gas into the reaction gas path as the pressure in the reaction gas path of the sealed fuel cell decreases. This is an example in which the controller increases the frequency of the pressure compensation operation during the abnormal stop process compared to during the normal stop process.
  • the fuel cell system 100 normally closes the gas flow path (fuel gas flow path 101a, oxidant gas flow path 101b) of the gas flow path (fuel gas flow path 101a, oxidant gas flow path 101b) of the fuel cell 101 during the stop process.
  • a sealing operation for making a space is performed.
  • the pressure in the gas flow path decreases as the temperature of the devices constituting the fuel cell system 100 decreases, resulting in excessive negative pressure, which damages components such as the electrolyte. May give.
  • the gas flow It is configured to perform a supplementary pressure process for replenishing gas into the passages (the fuel gas passage 101a and the oxidant gas passage 101b).
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 during the abnormal stop process is more per unit time than the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 during the normal stop process.
  • the amount of cooling is increased. Accordingly, since the temperature decrease rate of the fuel cell 101 is faster and the pressure decrease is faster than in the normal stop process, the frequency of the above-described pressure compensation process is increased more than the frequency of the pressure compensation process in the normal stop process. Has been. The details will be described below.
  • the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 6 is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3 shown in FIG.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is executed in the same manner as in the third embodiment, and the supplemental pressure process is further executed.
  • the supplementary pressure process will be described later.
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 6 is the same as the exhaust heat recovery operation (see FIG. 11) of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3.
  • the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the heat exchanger 106 is such that the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137 is a predetermined temperature lower than the cooling water temperature that has passed through the fuel cell 101.
  • the controller 110 controls the operation amount of the first pump 107.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of the compensation pressure process executed in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • step S900 the sealing operation of the gas flow paths (the fuel gas flow path 101a and the oxidant gas flow path 101b) of the fuel cell 101 is performed (step S900).
  • the pressure value in the gas flow path in the fuel cell 101 is detected and this pressure value is equal to or less than the predetermined pressure threshold value P1 (Yes in step S901)
  • the gas is supplied into the gas flow path.
  • the pressure is supplemented (step S902).
  • the pressure value in the gas flow path in the fuel cell 101 is detected and this pressure value is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, the supply of gas into the gas flow path is stopped, Communication with the outside air is cut off, and the pressure compensation process ends.
  • Step S900 when the pressure value detected by the first pressure detector 131 is equal to or lower than the predetermined pressure threshold value P1 (for example, ⁇ 5 kPa with respect to atmospheric pressure) (Yes in step S901), the controller 110 With the seventh on-off valve 78 closed, the eighth on-off valve 201 is opened, and the fuel gas supplier 200 is controlled to replenish gas (step S902).
  • P1 for example, ⁇ 5 kPa with respect to atmospheric pressure
  • the controller 110 acquires the pressure value detected by the first pressure detector 131, and when the acquired pressure value becomes equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, the fuel gas flow channel 101a from the fuel gas supply device 200 is obtained. Is stopped, the eighth on-off valve 201 is closed, and the pressure compensation operation is stopped.
  • Step S900 when the pressure value detected by the second pressure detector 133 is equal to or less than the predetermined pressure threshold value P1 (for example, ⁇ 5 kPa with respect to atmospheric pressure) (Yes in step S901), the controller 110 While the 5 on-off valve 76 is closed, the third on-off valve 74 is opened, outside air is introduced into the oxidant gas passage 101b, and the inside of the oxidant gas passage 101b is supplemented (step S902). Then, the controller 110 acquires the pressure value detected by the second pressure detector 133, and closes the third on-off valve 74 when the pressure value becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. Stop operation.
  • P1 for example, ⁇ 5 kPa with respect to atmospheric pressure
  • step S901 periodically (for example, every 30 sec) even after execution of the above-described pressure-compensating operation, and if the pressure value in the gas flow path decreases to a level that requires pressure-compensation, the controller 110 appropriately The above compensation process is executed.
  • pressure detectors (first pressure detector 131 and second pressure detector 133) that directly detect the pressure in the gas path were used.
  • the pressure compensation operation is executed based on the temperature detected by a temperature detector (for example, the temperature detector 143) in the gas flow path and the elapsed time after the start of the stop process correlated with the pressure measured by the clock unit.
  • a form may be adopted.
  • the abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 6 will be described.
  • the abnormal stop process is performed in the same flow (see FIG. 11) as the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3, but the cooling water flowing through the heat exchanger 106 Is controlled so as to be larger than that in the case of normal stop processing.
  • the controller 110 of the fuel cell system 100 according to the sixth embodiment performs heat generation regardless of the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137.
  • a forced cooling operation is executed to control the first flow rate controller so that the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the exchanger 106 becomes a predetermined value or more.
  • the controller 110 preferably controls the first flow rate controller so that the coolant flow rate during the forced cooling operation is larger than the average flow rate during the power generation operation.
  • the controller 110 controls the operation amount of the first pump 107 to be a predetermined operation amount that is larger than the average operation amount during the power generation operation.
  • the average flow rate and average manipulated variable during power generation operation are exemplified by the same calculated values as in the fourth embodiment.
  • the controller 110 performs the exhaust heat recovery operation so that the cooling rate of the fuel cell 101 is higher than that in the normal stop process. Therefore, the temperature decrease of the fuel cell 101 is normal. This is faster than in the stop process, and the frequency in which the pressure in the gas path decreases to a level that requires supplementary pressure increases. Therefore, in the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the sixth embodiment, by performing the above-described supplementary pressure operation more frequently than in the normal stop process, an excess in the gas flow path of the fuel cell 101 is caused. Negative pressure is suppressed and the fuel cell 101 is protected.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the sixth embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment, and the operation (various operations such as the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100) is different.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the basic configuration may be the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, and the operation may be configured as described above.
  • a fuel cell system includes a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials, a combustor that heats the reformer, and supplies combustion air to the combustor.
  • a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials
  • a combustor that heats the reformer, and supplies combustion air to the combustor.
  • the first flow rate controller is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell is increased as compared with the time of the normal stop process
  • the combustion air supply device is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equal to that during the normal stop process.
  • abnormality related to the hydrogen generator refers to an abnormality related to the equipment constituting the hydrogen generator.
  • abnormalities in the raw material gas flow rate, reformer temperature abnormality, burner combustion abnormality, and the like are exemplified.
  • abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator refers to an abnormality of the equipment related to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generator.
  • a cooling water temperature abnormality, an oxidizing gas flow rate abnormality, a cooling water tank water level abnormality, a condensed water tank water level abnormality, and the like are exemplified.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, but after detecting an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140. Is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment.
  • the controller 110 performs the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 in the same manner as the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2 described above, while cooling the hydrogen generator 102. About operation
  • a description will be given with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the seventh embodiment.
  • step S500 a stop operation similar to the normal stop process is performed (step S500).
  • step S501a the operation of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 is continued, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is executed (step S501a).
  • step S502 the temperature detector provided in the reformer in the cooling operation detects the reformer temperature t1 (step S502), and when the detected temperature t1 of the temperature detector becomes equal to or lower than the second purge temperature (step S503). ), An FP purge process similar to the normal stop process is executed (step S504). That is, steps S120 to S124 shown in FIG. 4B are performed. After that, when the FP purge process is completed (step S505), the controller 110 stops the operation of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 (step S506a), and shifts the fuel cell system 100 to the start disapproval state (step S506a). Step S507).
  • the abnormal stop process is a stop process in which the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
  • the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 that performs the above is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 when the reformer temperature t1 is equal to or lower than the standby temperature, the operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is stopped and the By cooling, the hydrogen generator 102 including the reformer is cooled.
  • the combustion air supply device 117 controls the combustion air supply device 117 so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equivalent to the normal stop process, the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 that does not require maintenance work is suppressed, so that the next start-up is performed. At this time, the energy required to raise the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced, and the time required for the startup process is shortened, so that the startability of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the seventh embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment, and the operations (operations such as power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100) are different.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the basic configuration may be the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3, and the operation thereof may be configured as described above.
  • a fuel cell system includes a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials, a combustor that heats the reformer, and supplies combustion air to the combustor.
  • a hydrogen generator having a combustion air supply, and when the abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector, the controller has a cooling amount of the reformer that is lower than that in the normal stop process.
  • the combustion air supply device is controlled to increase, and an example of a mode in which the first flow rate controller is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell becomes equal to that in the normal stop process is shown.
  • abnormality related to the hydrogen generator refers to an abnormality related to the equipment constituting the hydrogen generator.
  • abnormalities in the raw material gas flow rate, reformer temperature abnormality, burner combustion abnormality, and the like are exemplified.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention includes a step of stopping after detecting an abnormality based on detection values of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2 and the detectors 131 to 145, and subsequent abnormality detection. / Stop processing is different. Specifically, the abnormal stop process when an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 is detected is different.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing in detail the configuration of the hydrogen generator 102 in the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 20, the vertical direction in the fuel cell system 100 is shown as the vertical direction in the figure.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8 is formed in a cylindrical shape here, and the container 1, the outer cylinder 2, and the inner cylinder sharing the central axis.
  • a cylinder 3 is provided.
  • the container 1 is composed of a stepped cylinder in which a large diameter portion is formed at the upper portion and a small diameter portion having a smaller diameter than the large diameter portion is formed at the lower portion.
  • the lower end of the container 1 is closed by a bottom plate 5, and the upper end thereof is connected to the outer cylinder 2 via an annular plate member 6.
  • a heat insulating member 4 is provided outside the container 1 so as to cover the container 1.
  • the upper ends of the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3 are closed by a lid member 7.
  • the lower end of the outer cylinder 2 is opened, and the lower end of the inner cylinder 3 is closed by an inner cylinder bottom plate 8.
  • a cylindrical radiation tube 9 is provided inside the inner tube 3.
  • the upper end of the radiation tube 9 is closed by the lid member 7, and the lower end thereof is opened.
  • a cylindrical space formed between the radiation cylinder 9 and the inner cylinder 3 constitutes a combustion exhaust gas flow path 10.
  • a combustion exhaust gas outlet 11 is provided in the vicinity of the downstream end of the combustion exhaust gas channel 10 (upper part of the inner cylinder 3).
  • An upstream end of the combustion exhaust gas path 59 is connected to the combustion exhaust gas outlet 11, and the downstream end thereof is opened to the outside of the package 111.
  • a burner (combustor) 102a is disposed so as to penetrate the lid member 7 and extend downward. Further, an ignition detector 141 and a CO sensor 142 are provided inside the radiation tube 9.
  • the ignition detector 141 is configured to detect the presence or absence of ignition in the burner 102a and to output a detection signal to the controller 110.
  • the CO sensor 142 is monoxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas from the burner 102a. It is configured to detect the concentration of carbon and output a detection signal to the controller 110.
  • a flame rod is used as the ignition detector 141, and a CO concentration sensor is used as the CO sensor 142.
  • the downstream end of the combustion air supply path 56 is connected to the burner 102a, and the upstream end thereof is connected to the combustion air supply device 117.
  • the combustion air supply device 117 for example, fans such as a blower or a sirocco fan can be used.
  • a raw material gas supply port 12 is provided in the upper part of the outer cylinder 2, and the raw material gas supply port 12 is connected to the downstream end of the raw material gas supply path 41.
  • a city gas mainly composed of methane is used as the source gas
  • the upstream end of the source gas supply path 41 is connected to a city gas pipe (not shown).
  • the source gas supply path 41 is provided with a first on-off valve (sealing device) 71, a source gas supply device 112, and a second on-off valve (sealing device) 72 from the upstream side.
  • the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are configured to allow / block the flow of the raw material gas flowing through the raw material gas supply path 41.
  • the source gas supply unit 112 is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the source gas supplied to the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the source gas supply unit 112 includes a combination of a booster pump 112a and a flow rate adjustment valve 112b, or a single flow rate adjustment valve. (See FIG. 2).
  • a water supply port 13 is provided in the upper part of the outer cylinder 2, and the downstream end of the reforming water supply path 57 is connected to the water supply port 13.
  • a water supplier 105 is connected to the upstream end of the reforming water supply path 57. The water supplier 105 supplies the reforming water to the reforming water supply path 57 and adjusts the flow rate of the reforming water flowing through the reforming water supply path 57.
  • a lower part of the cylindrical space between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3 forms a reforming catalyst housing space, and a reforming catalyst layer 14 filled with the reforming catalyst is formed in the reforming catalyst housing space.
  • a preheating unit 15 for preheating the raw material gas and the reforming water is formed above the reforming catalyst housing space.
  • a reformer 16 is composed of the reforming catalyst housing space, the reforming catalyst layer 14, and the preheating unit 15. As a result, the reformer 16 utilizes the heat transfer of the combustion exhaust gas generated by the burner 102 a and the raw gas (methane) supplied from the raw gas supplier 112 and the reformer supplied from the water supplier 105.
  • the quality water is preheated by the preheating unit 15, and the preheated raw material gas and the reforming water are subjected to a steam reforming reaction in the reforming catalyst layer 14, thereby generating a hydrogen-containing gas containing hydrogen.
  • a temperature detector 143 is disposed at the center of the bottom plate 5 of the buffer space 17.
  • the temperature detector 143 is configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that has flowed through the reformer 16 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110 as the temperature of the reformer 16.
  • the temperature detector 143 is provided below the downstream end of the reformer 16, and is configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas after flowing through the reformer 16.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that is provided inside the reforming catalyst layer 14 of the reformer 16 and flows through the reforming catalyst layer 14 of the reformer 16 may be detected. Good.
  • a cylindrical space 18 is formed between the container 1 and the outer cylinder 2 so as to communicate with the buffer space portion 17, and the space 18 and the buffer space portion 17 are connected to the hydrogen-containing gas channel 19.
  • the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the reformer 16 flows out from the downstream end of the reforming catalyst layer 14 to the buffer space portion 17, hits the bottom wall of the bottom plate 5, and reverses to pass through the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19. Circulate.
  • a pair of partition plates 20 and 21 are arranged in the cylindrical space between the large diameter portion of the container 1 and the outer cylinder 2 above the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19 with a predetermined interval in the axial direction.
  • the pair of partition plates 20 and 21 divide the cylindrical space into a shift catalyst containing space 22, an air mixing unit 25, and an oxidation catalyst containing space 26.
  • a shift catalyst layer 23 filled with a shift catalyst is formed in the shift catalyst storage space 22, and a shift converter 24 is configured from the shift catalyst storage space 22 and the shift catalyst layer 23.
  • the partition plate 20 is provided with a plurality of through holes 29 so as to allow the transformer 24 and the air mixing unit 25 to communicate with each other, and the through holes 29 constitute an outlet 29 of the transformer 24.
  • the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19 flows into the transformer 24.
  • carbon monoxide and water in the hydrogen-containing gas are converted by the shift reaction, and carbon monoxide is reduced.
  • the hydrogen-containing gas with reduced carbon monoxide flows out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 to the air mixing unit 25.
  • the container 1 forming the air mixing unit 25 is provided with an air supply port 30 for supplying air for carbon monoxide oxidation reaction.
  • the air supply port 30 is connected to a downstream end of an oxidation air supply path 58, and an oxidation air supply 116 is connected to the upstream end of the air supply port 30.
  • the hydrogen-containing gas flowing out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 to the air mixing unit 25 is mixed with the air supplied from the oxidizing air supply unit 116.
  • a temperature detector 144 is provided above the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 in the air mixing unit 25.
  • the temperature detector 144 is configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the transformer 24 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110 as the temperature of the transformer 24.
  • the temperature detector 144 is provided above the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 and configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas after flowing through the transformer 24.
  • the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the shift catalyst layer 23 of the shift converter 24 may be detected by being provided inside the shift catalyst layer 23 of the shift converter 24.
  • An oxidation catalyst layer 27 filled with an oxidation catalyst is formed in the oxidation catalyst housing space 26, and a purifier 28 is constituted by the oxidation catalyst housing space 26 and the oxidation catalyst layer 27.
  • the partition plate 21 is provided with a plurality of through holes 31 so as to communicate the air mixing unit 25 and the purifier 28, and the through holes 31 constitute the inlet 31 of the purifier 28.
  • a temperature detector 145 is provided below the inlet 31 of the purifier 28 in the air mixing unit 25. The temperature detector 145 is configured to detect the temperature of the mixed gas of hydrogen-containing gas and air flowing into the purifier 28 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110 as the temperature of the purifier 28.
  • the temperature detector 145 is provided below the inlet 31 of the purifier 28 so as to detect the temperature of the fuel gas before flowing through the purifier 28.
  • the present invention is not limited, and the temperature of the fuel gas that is provided inside the oxidation catalyst layer 27 of the purifier 28 and flows through the oxidation catalyst layer 27 of the purifier 28 may be detected.
  • a fuel gas outlet 32 is provided at the upper part of the container 1 constituting the oxidation catalyst housing space 26.
  • the fuel gas outlet 32 is connected to the upstream end of the fuel gas supply path 42, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the fuel cell 101 (see FIG. 2).
  • the hydrogen-containing gas mixed with air in the air mixing unit 25 flows into the purifier 28 from the through hole 31 (the inlet 31 of the purifier 28) of the partition plate 21 and flows through the oxidation catalyst layer 27.
  • carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas and oxygen in the air react to produce a fuel gas in which carbon monoxide is reduced to several ppm.
  • the generated fuel gas flows from the fuel gas outlet 32 through the fuel gas supply path 42 and is supplied to the fuel cell 101.
  • the configuration in which the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 are provided is adopted, but the carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 16 is further reduced. If it is not necessary to do so, a configuration in which the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 are not provided may be employed.
  • the fuel cell 101 is a device that is not easily poisoned with respect to carbon monoxide (eg, a solid oxide fuel cell)
  • the above configuration is adopted.
  • FIG. 18 is a table showing an example of an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 in the present invention.
  • the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 is performed.
  • a burner misfire abnormality is defined as the first abnormality.
  • This abnormality is an example, and an abnormality other than this abnormality may be defined as the first abnormality.
  • the burner misfire abnormality means that the ignition detector 141 does not detect the ignition of the burner 102a during the hydrogen generation operation after the hydrogen generation reaction is started in the hydrogen generator 102. Therefore, this abnormality does not include an ignition abnormality at the start of combustion of the burner 102a in the startup process of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the burner 102a burns stably, the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 rises, and the misfire abnormality that occurs during the start-up process after starting the transition to the steam reforming reaction and the operation of supplying the fuel gas to the hydrogen utilizing device 101 is detected. Point to.
  • the second abnormality As the abnormality corresponding to the abnormality, stop processing corresponding to the abnormality is executed.
  • abnormalities for example, temperature detector failure, CO sensor failure, combustion air supply failure
  • gas leakage etc.
  • Abnormalities for example, flammable gas leakage abnormality
  • temperature detection temperature abnormalities for example, excessive temperature increase / decrease in reforming temperature
  • the abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the temperature detector includes, for example, an abnormality in which when the temperature detectors 143 to 145 are thermistors, their detected values are values indicating short circuit or disconnection.
  • the abnormality is treated as a second abnormality, and a stop process corresponding to the abnormality is executed.
  • An abnormality in which a failure of the CO sensor is assumed includes an abnormality in which the detected value of this sensor is a value indicating a disconnection of electric resistance when the CO sensor 142 is a contact combustion type sensor.
  • the abnormality is defined as an abnormality accompanied by the shutdown of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the combustion air supply device means, for example, that the rotation speed of the combustion air supply device 117 is outside the allowable range with respect to the operation amount from the controller 110 (for example, a setting corresponding to the target rotation speed).
  • an abnormality that occurs when the operation amount is increased with respect to the operation amount and the target rotational speed is not reached for a predetermined time or longer.
  • Such an abnormality may occur when a desired rotational speed cannot be obtained for the command value of the manipulated variable due to motor deterioration.
  • the abnormality is defined as a second abnormality.
  • the flammable gas leakage abnormality is an abnormality in which the flammable gas sensor 140 detects flammable gas.
  • a combustible gas such as a raw material gas or a fuel gas
  • the abnormality is defined as a second abnormality.
  • the abnormality detector 110a functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention for the failure of each abnormality detector.
  • the abnormality determiner 110a and a detector that outputs a detection value that is a determination target when determining the abnormality functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of a stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
  • step S301 A detection value is acquired (step S301), and it is determined whether the detection value acquired in step S301 is abnormal (step S302). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S301, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S301 and S302 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S302a.
  • step S302a the controller 110 determines whether the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a in step S302 is an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102, and is an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102. In such a case, the process proceeds to step S303a. If the abnormality is not related to the hydrogen generator 102, the process proceeds to step S303.
  • step S303a an abnormal stop process related to the hydrogen generator is executed. Then, when this stop process is completed, the process proceeds to step S304.
  • step S303 similarly to the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, a stop process (hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process) corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110. Is done. Then, when this stop process is completed, the process proceeds to step S304.
  • step S304 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S305, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality. In step S306, the process proceeds to step S306.
  • step S305 when the abnormal stop process is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state and ends the program.
  • the fuel cell system 100 shifts to an activation disapproval state in which activation is not permitted even when an activation request is generated, and the program is terminated.
  • the abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality is executed.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing related to the hydrogen generator 102 in the flowchart of the abnormal stop processing program shown in FIG.
  • the failure of the temperature detector 137 belongs to the second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102, but the following abnormal stop processing is limited to the case where the second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 is detected.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is similarly executed. That is, even when the first abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 is detected, the same processing is performed for the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the abnormality determiner 110 a determines that it is abnormal, and it is determined that it is more than related to the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the vessel 110 performs a stop operation similar to the normal stop process (step S500) until the end of the cathode purge process of the normal stop process (step S100 to step S113 in FIG. 4A). Thereafter, the controller 110 executes the operation of the combustion air supplier 117 even after the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature by the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supplier 117, The cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed. (Step S501b).
  • the temperature detector provided in the reformer detects the temperature t1 of the reformer (step S502), and when the detected temperature t1 of the temperature detector becomes equal to or lower than the FP purge temperature (step S503). Then, the FP purge process similar to the normal stop process is executed (step S504). That is, steps S120 to S124 shown in FIG. 4B are performed. Thereafter, when the FP purge process is completed (step S505), the controller 110 stops the operation of the combustion air supply device 117 (step S506b), and shifts the fuel cell system 100 to the start non-permitted state (step S507).
  • the controller 110 performs the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 in the same manner as the normal stop process. That is, the exhaust heat recovery operation shown in FIG. 5 is executed.
  • the second embodiment in the case of normal stop processing and when an abnormality occurs in each device of the fuel cell system 100 that is not related to the hydrogen generator 102, the second embodiment.
  • the same effects as the fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention are achieved.
  • the amount of cooling of the hydrogen generation apparatus 102 is increased compared to the normal stop process. Since the process is executed, the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 requiring maintenance is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated. On the other hand, since the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 that does not require maintenance work is suppressed, the energy required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 101 at the next startup is reduced, and the time required for startup processing is reduced. Therefore, the startability of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • an abnormal stop process similar to that in the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment is performed.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and an abnormal stop process similar to that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 7 may be performed.
  • the controller 110 performs control so as to be larger than the operation amount during the rated operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the rated operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is defined as an operation that supplies the maximum amount of hydrogen that can be stably supplied during the hydrogen supply operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the controller requires the maintenance to be performed more than in the abnormal stop process that is executed when the abnormality detector detects the first abnormality that does not require maintenance.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 acquires detection values detected from the detectors 131 to 140 (step S301), and the detection values acquired in step S301 are obtained. Then, it is determined whether it is abnormal (step S302). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S301, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S301 and S302 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, if it is determined to be abnormal, the process proceeds to step S304.
  • step S304 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S305a, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality.
  • step S306a the process proceeds to step S306a.
  • step S305a a first abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110.
  • the fuel cell system 100 shifts to a standby state (step S305).
  • the first abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality.
  • a common cooling operation for each abnormality a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell, etc.
  • step S306a a second abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110.
  • the fuel cell system 100 shifts to a start disapproval state in which start is not permitted even if a start request is generated (step S306).
  • the second abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality.
  • a common cooling operation for each abnormality (a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell, etc.) is also executed.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
  • the process proceeds to the standby state of the normal stop process. That is, until the temperature t1 of the reformer becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature and the operation of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 is stopped (Steps S100 to S116 in FIG. 4A and Steps S200 to S206 in FIG. 4B). Until the normal stop process is performed (step S40).
  • the recovery process corresponding to the cooling water pump abnormality is started.
  • the operation of the first pump 107 is restarted (step S41).
  • the controller 110 causes the operation amount of the first pump 107 to be an operation amount larger than the operation amount of the first pump when the fuel cell system 100 is performing the power generation operation with the maximum power. To do.
  • the elapsed time T3 after restarting the operation of the first pump 107 is measured (step S42), and when the elapsed time T3 becomes equal to or longer than the recovery processing time J3 (Yes in step S43), the operation of the first pump 107 is performed. Stop and complete the abnormality recovery process (step S44).
  • the controller 110 shifts the fuel cell system 100 to a standby state (see step S305 in FIG. 21).
  • the recovery processing time J3 is the time of the recovery processing in which it is estimated that the dust biting into the first pump 107 can be discharged from the first pump 107 when an abnormality occurs due to the biting of the first pump 107. Defined as execution time.
  • the controller 110 When the first abnormality is detected by each of the detectors 131 to 140, the controller 110 operates the key operation unit 120b of the remote controller 120 so that the activation request signal is transmitted to the controller 110. When it is transmitted to the unit, the startup process of the fuel cell system 100 is permitted.
  • the second abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment performs the same process as the abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment. That is, the controller 110 performs the abnormal stop process shown in FIG.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 and the fuel cell 101 are performed as in the abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment.
  • the control of the hot water temperature shown in FIG. 9 is executed in parallel with this operation.
  • the temperature of the reformer after the temperature of the reformer becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature (FP purge temperature).
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supplier 117 is not waited until the hydrogen generator 102 is cooled by natural cooling as in the first abnormal stop process in the period until the temperature reaches the following temperature)
  • the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 by the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 is executed, and the hydrogen generator 102 and the fuel cell 101 are controlled to be cooled more quickly.
  • the second abnormal stop process cools the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 as compared to the first abnormal stop process.
  • the amount to be increased the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 can be lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the shift to the maintenance work can be accelerated. It is.
  • the first abnormal stop process is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced as compared with the second abnormal stop process.
  • the device temperature (for example, reformer) constituting the fuel cell system 100 becomes higher than the ambient temperature (outside air temperature). For this reason, the energy required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 is reduced, and the time required for the startup process is shortened, so that the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the second abnormal stop process is compared with the first abnormal stop process in the cooling operation time of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply device 117 and the first pump 107 and the first pump.
  • the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is controlled to be increased.
  • the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 may be controlled to be increased by controlling the operation amounts of the feeder 117, the first pump 107, and the second pump 108 to be increased.
  • the controller 110 when the first abnormality is detected, after shifting to the standby state, the controller 110 causes the next activation request (for example, activation request by the user via the remote controller 120).
  • the controller 110 automatically moves to the standby state shown in FIG. 21 and then automatically waits for the next activation request to occur. It may be configured to shift to the activation process.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment. However, the abnormality detection of the fuel cell system 100 and the abnormality detection performed subsequently thereto are performed. / The stop process is configured to perform the same process as the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment. Hereinafter, a process different from the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9 will be described.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing an example of the first abnormal stop process in the fuel cell system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a first abnormality stopping process corresponding to each abnormality is executed.
  • a stop command is output under the control of the controller 110, and the supply of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas from the fuel gas supply unit 200 and the oxidant gas supply unit 103 is stopped as in the normal stop process.
  • the eighth on-off valve 201 and the fifth on-off valve 76 on the fuel gas path 202 and the third on-off valve 74 and the seventh on-off valve 78 on the oxidant gas path are closed.
  • step S700 to S703 the hot water storage possible temperature in step S ⁇ b> 702 is an example of the first threshold value for determining the stop of the cooling operation of the fuel cell 101.
  • step S703a the fuel cell system is shifted to a standby state.
  • the abnormality recovery process does not necessarily need to be performed for the exhaust heat recovery operation (steps S700 to S703) and the abnormality recovery process (step S703a). I do not care.
  • the first abnormality stop process executed when the abnormality detector detects the first abnormality that does not require maintenance is related to the third embodiment.
  • the second abnormal stop process performed when the second abnormality requiring maintenance is detected in the same manner as the normal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 is the abnormality of the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment. This is performed in the same manner as the stop process.
  • the second abnormal stop process is configured to increase the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 as compared with the first abnormal stop process.
  • the temperature of the battery 101 and the device (the fuel cell 101, the cooling water path 204, the heat exchanger 106, etc.) through which the fluid flowing through the fuel cell 101 flows is lowered quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not get burned. This makes it possible to speed up the transition to work.
  • the first abnormal stop process is controlled to reduce the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 as compared with the second abnormal stop process. Therefore, depending on the elapsed time after shifting to the standby state, the fuel cell system The temperature of equipment (for example, the fuel cell 101) constituting 100 becomes higher than the ambient temperature (outside air temperature). For this reason, the energy required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 is reduced, and the time required for the startup process is shortened, so that the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the ambient temperature outside air temperature
  • the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 is abnormal stop process due to the first abnormality (first abnormal stop process).
  • the first flow rate controller is controlled to be larger in the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality (second abnormal stop process) than the flow rate at the time.
  • the controller 110 controls the operation amount of the first pump 107 to be a predetermined operation amount larger than the operation amount during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 in the second abnormal stop process.
  • forced cooling operation and the point of controlling the second heat medium switching device 206 so that the hot water passing through the heat exchanger 106 flows into the hot water bypass path during the forced cooling operation.
  • forced cooling operation the point of controlling the second heat medium switching device 206 so that the hot water passing through the heat exchanger 106 flows into the hot water bypass path during the forced cooling operation.
  • the normal stop process and the first abnormal stop process are the same as the fuel cell system 100 according to the tenth embodiment, and the second abnormal stop process is Similar to the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4, the forced cooling operation (flow shown in FIG. 13) is performed.
  • the second abnormal stop process is more effective than the first abnormal stop process in which the forced cooling operation is not performed. The operation can be made faster.
  • the controller 110 performs the second heat so that the stored hot water flows into the hot water storage bypass path 207 as in the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the medium switch 206 is controlled.
  • the controller 110 determines that the opening degree of the mixing valve 209 toward the heat exchanger 106 is an average during power generation operation in the forced cooling operation. You may control so that it may become larger than an opening degree.
  • the controller 110 does not go through the exhaust heat recovery operation (steps S800 to S800b) similar to that during the power generation operation, and starts the forced cooling operation (step S800c) with the start of the second abnormal stop process. Good.
  • the controller 110 controls to forcibly increase the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 beyond a predetermined value regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell 101 during the second abnormal stop process. Will be.
  • the controller 110 performs the normal stop process and the first abnormal stop process in the same manner as the normal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment.
  • the fuel cell 101 is cooled by controlling the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump 107) based on the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137. Therefore, in the eleventh embodiment, the controller 110 controls the first flow rate controller (the first flow controller) based on the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137 during the normal stop process and the first abnormal stop process.
  • the fuel cell 101 is cooled, and at the time of the second abnormal stop processing, it is compulsory regardless of the temperature of the fuel cell 101 (the temperature of the cooling water detected by the temperature detector 137).
  • the operation amount of the first flow rate controller (first pump) 107 is controlled to be increased from a predetermined value.
  • the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 is a predetermined value larger than the average flow rate during the power generation operation.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9, but the second abnormal stop process is performed according to Embodiment 5. The difference is that the forced cooling operation similar to the abnormal stop processing of 100 is performed.
  • step S800 the controller 110 controls the operation amount of the first pump 107 so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137 becomes the predetermined temperature as in the power generation operation.
  • a first cooling step is performed. After the cathode purge process is completed, the controller 110 determines whether the flow rate of the cooling water passing through the heat exchanger 106 is equal to the operation amount of the first pump 107 regardless of the temperature detected by the temperature detector 137.
  • a second cooling process is performed to control the operation amount to be a predetermined operation amount larger than the average operation amount at that time (step S800c).
  • the fuel cell 101 is more likely to perform the second abnormal stop process than the first abnormal stop process in which the forced cooling operation is not performed. Since the amount of cooling increases, the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 can be further accelerated.
  • the fuel cell 101 and the temperature of the device through which the fluid flowing through the fuel cell 101 flows (in comparison with the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment)
  • the cooling water path 204, the heat exchanger 106, etc.) can be cooled down to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the transition to the maintenance work can be accelerated.
  • the fuel cell system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention provides a supplemental pressure operation in which gas is supplied to the reaction gas path as the pressure in the reaction gas path of the sealed fuel cell decreases after power generation of the fuel cell is stopped.
  • the controller increases the frequency of the pressure compensation operation in the abnormal stop process due to the second abnormality than in the abnormal stop process due to the first abnormality. Is.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment, but is similar to the fuel cell system 100 according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment in that the pressure processing is performed.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the thirteenth embodiment is similar to the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment in the second abnormal stop process in the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 during the abnormal stop process.
  • the cooling amount per unit time is increased compared to the first stop process. Accordingly, the second abnormal stop process is faster in the temperature of the fuel cell 101 and the pressure drop is faster than in the first abnormal stop process. It is comprised so that it may increase rather than the frequency of a compensation process. Thereby, excessive negative pressure in the gas flow path of the fuel cell 101 is suppressed, and the fuel cell 101 is protected.
  • the controller detects the first abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator, and the abnormality detector does not require maintenance.
  • the combustion air supply unit and the first flow rate controller are controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer and the fuel cell becomes equal to the normal stop process, and the abnormality detector performs maintenance.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is increased in the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the second abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that is necessary and executed.
  • an example of a mode of controlling the combustion air supply device so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equal to that during the normal stop process is shown.
  • the first abnormality relating to the fuel cell other than the abnormality relating to the hydrogen generation apparatus that does not require maintenance refers to the abnormality of the equipment relating to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generation apparatus.
  • the temperature abnormality of a cooling water etc. are illustrated.
  • the “second abnormality relating to the fuel cell other than the abnormality relating to the hydrogen generation apparatus that requires maintenance” refers to the abnormality of the equipment relating to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generation apparatus.
  • An abnormality that requires maintenance For example, the water level abnormality of the cooling water tank and the condensed water tank, the failure of the cooling water temperature detector, the abnormality of oxidant gas leakage, etc.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9, but after detecting an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140. Is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment.
  • the controller 110 performs the first abnormal stop process in the same manner as the first abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9 described above.
  • the controller 110 performs the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 in the second abnormal stop process in the same manner as the second abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9 described above.
  • the cooling operation of the generation apparatus 102 is performed in the same manner as the normal stop process. That is, in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 14, the second abnormal stop process executes the same process (the flow shown in FIG. 16) as the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 7. .
  • the second abnormal stop process performs the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 as compared to the normal stop process (and the first abnormal stop process). Therefore, the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 performing the maintenance work is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
  • the hydrogen generator 102 when the reformer temperature t1 is equal to or lower than the standby temperature, the operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is stopped and the By cooling, the hydrogen generator 102 including the reformer is cooled.
  • the combustion air supply device 117 controls the combustion air supply device 117 so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equivalent to the normal stop process, the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 that does not require maintenance work is suppressed, so that the next start-up is performed. At this time, the energy required to raise the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced, and the time required for the startup process is shortened, so that the startability of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourteenth embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment, and the operations (operations such as power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100) are different.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the basic configuration may be the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 10, and the operation thereof may be configured as described above.
  • the controller is modified during an abnormal stop process that is executed when the abnormality detector detects a first abnormality related to a hydrogen generator that does not require maintenance.
  • the combustion air supply unit and the first flow rate controller are controlled so that the cooling amount of the mass device and the fuel cell is equal to that during the normal stop process, and the abnormality detector is a second unit related to the hydrogen generator that requires maintenance.
  • the first flow rate controller is controlled so that the amount of cooling of the reformer is increased as compared with the normal stop process, and the cooling amount of the fuel cell is set during the normal stop process.
  • the “first abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that does not require maintenance” refers to an abnormality that does not require maintenance among the abnormalities related to the devices constituting the hydrogen generator.
  • burner misfire abnormality is mentioned.
  • the “second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that requires maintenance” refers to an abnormality that requires maintenance among the abnormalities related to the devices constituting the hydrogen generator.
  • device failure temperature detector failure, CO sensor failure
  • gas leakage abnormality etc. are exemplified.
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of a stop processing program by abnormality detection stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9, but after detecting an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 145.
  • the process of stopping and the subsequent abnormality detection / stop process are different.
  • the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 is similar to the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment.
  • the detection value detected from 145 is acquired (step S31), and it is determined whether the detection value acquired in step S31 is abnormal (step S32). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S31, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S31 and S32 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S33.
  • step S33 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S34, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality. The process proceeds to step S36.
  • step S34 a first abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110.
  • the fuel cell system 100 shifts to a standby state (step S35).
  • the first abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality as in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9, but a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality is performed. Executed. However, a common cooling operation for each abnormality (a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell, etc.) is also executed.
  • step S36 the controller 110 determines whether or not the abnormality is related to the hydrogen generator 102. If the abnormality is related to the hydrogen generator 102, the controller 110 proceeds to step S37 and proceeds to step S37. If the abnormality is not related to 102, the process proceeds to step S38.
  • step S37 similarly to the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment, an abnormal stop process related to the hydrogen generator is executed.
  • this stop process is completed, the fuel cell system 100 shifts to a start non-permitted state where start-up is not permitted even if a start-up request is generated (step S39).
  • step S38 as in the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment, a second abnormal stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110.
  • the fuel cell system 100 shifts to a start disapproval state in which start is not permitted even if a start request is generated (step S39).
  • the second abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality.
  • a common cooling operation for each abnormality (a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell, etc.) is also executed.
  • the abnormal stop related to the hydrogen generation device 102 is stopped.
  • the first pump 107 is controlled so that the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 including the reformer 16 (see FIG. 17) is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
  • the temperature of the temperature 102 is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is speeded up.
  • the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 that does not require maintenance work is suppressed, the energy required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 101 at the next startup is reduced, and the time required for startup processing is reduced. Therefore, the startability of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
  • the second abnormality occurs, and the abnormality is an abnormality not related to the hydrogen generator 102, that is, each of the fuel cell system 100 other than the hydrogen generator 102.
  • the second abnormal stop process controls the fuel cell system 100 and the hydrogen generator 102 so as to increase the cooling amount as compared with the first abnormal stop process. It is possible to lower the temperature of the equipment quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, thereby speeding up the transition to the maintenance work.
  • the ninth embodiment when the second abnormality occurs and the abnormality is an abnormality of each device of the fuel cell system 100 not related to the hydrogen generator 102, the ninth embodiment relates to the ninth embodiment.
  • the second abnormal stop process similar to that of the fuel cell system 100 is performed, the present invention is not limited to this, and the abnormal stop process similar to that of the fuel cell system 100 according to the seventh embodiment is performed.
  • the combustion air supplier 117 is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer 16 is increased compared to that during the normal stop process, and the first pump 107 is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 is equal to that during the normal stop process.
  • You may comprise as follows.
  • a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator (reformer), an FP purge process, a fuel cell cathode purge process, and a fuel cell exhaust heat recovery operation is executed. It is possible to adopt a form in which the stop timing of the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator (reformer) and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell are stopped at a timing different from the above flow. Absent.
  • the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) and / or the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 are executed until the FP purge process is completed during the abnormal stop process.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and any form can be used in the abnormal stop process as long as the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 and the exhaust heat recovery amount of the fuel cell 101 increase compared to the normal stop process. It doesn't matter.
  • the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is increased as compared with the normal stop process. It becomes possible to speed up.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de pile à combustible qui comporte une pile à combustible (101), un premier trajet de milieu caloporteur à travers lequel circule un premier milieu caloporteur qui refroidit la pile à combustible (101), un premier contrôleur d'écoulement (107) qui amène le premier milieu caloporteur dans le premier trajet de milieu de caloporteur à circuler, un détecteur d'anomalie qui détecte des anomalies, et un contrôleur (110) qui commande le premier contrôleur d'écoulement (107) de telle sorte que la quantité de refroidissement de la pile à combustible (101) après qu'une alimentation est coupée avec un traitement d'arrêt d'anomalie qui est exécuté lorsqu'une anomalie est détectée par le détecteur d'anomalie est supérieure à un traitement d'arrêt normal.
PCT/JP2009/006292 2008-11-20 2009-11-20 Système de pile à combustible WO2010058604A1 (fr)

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JP2010539160A JP5312476B2 (ja) 2008-11-20 2009-11-20 燃料電池システム
CN200980102593.XA CN101919097B (zh) 2008-11-20 2009-11-20 燃料电池系统
EP09827385.7A EP2352197B1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2009-11-20 Système de pile à combustible
US12/863,546 US9083014B2 (en) 2008-11-20 2009-11-20 Fuel cell system for performing normal and abnormal shut-down processes

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JP2008296968 2008-11-20
JP2009-021339 2009-02-02
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JP2012256607A (ja) 2012-12-27
JPWO2010058604A1 (ja) 2012-04-19
EP2352197A1 (fr) 2011-08-03
EP2352197A4 (fr) 2014-04-09
JP5312476B2 (ja) 2013-10-09
EP2352197B1 (fr) 2014-08-20
CN101919097A (zh) 2010-12-15
JP2012256606A (ja) 2012-12-27
JP5106702B1 (ja) 2012-12-26
US9083014B2 (en) 2015-07-14
CN101919097B (zh) 2014-04-09

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