JP5064387B2 - 水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム - Google Patents
水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 165
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 163
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 163
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 217
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 110
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 84
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 naphtha Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
- C01B2203/0888—Methods of cooling by evaporation of a fluid
- C01B2203/0894—Generation of steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1604—Starting up the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/03002—Combustion apparatus adapted for incorporating a fuel reforming device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/10—High or low fire
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Description
以下、実施の形態1について図面を参照して説明する。
(実施の形態2)
以下、実施の形態2について図面を参照して説明する。
具体的には、図1の水素含有ガス流路cが変成器30に接続されており、変成器30とCO除去器31とが水素含有ガス流路dによって接続されている。かかる構成の水素生成装置1では、改質触媒層3で生成された水素含有ガスが水素含有ガス流路cを介して変成器30に供給され、ここで、水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素のシフト反応によりCO濃度の低減化が行われる。変成器30から送出される水素含有ガスは、CO除去器31に供給され、ここでさらに水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素の酸化反応によりCO濃度の低減化が行われる。このように変成器30及びCO除去器31によってCO低減化処理が行われることにより、水素生成装置1では、CO濃度の低い水素含有ガスが得られる。
2 蒸発器
3 改質触媒層
4 燃焼器
5 輻射筒
6 改質温度検知器
7 蒸発器温度検知器
8 原料供給器
9 水供給器
10 燃料供給器
11 空気供給器
20 制御器
30 変成器
31 CO除去器
50 本体
51 縦壁
52 横壁
53 間隙
101 燃料電池
200 燃料電池システム
Claims (12)
- 原料と水蒸気から水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、該改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、前記改質器を加熱後の燃焼ガスの熱を利用して前記水蒸気を生成する蒸発器と、制御器とを有し、
起動動作において前記燃焼器の燃焼動作はON−OFFを繰り返し、前記改質器の温度を所定温度以下に維持するよう制御される水素生成装置であって、
前記制御器は、初回燃焼動作での前記燃焼器による単位時間当たりの加熱量が、k回目以降(k>1)の燃焼動作での単位時間当たりの加熱量よりも大きくなるよう、前記燃焼動作を制御することを特徴とする水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記燃焼器の初回燃焼動作をOFFする際の前記改質器の温度を、前記k回目以降(k>1)の燃焼動作をOFFする際の前記改質器の温度よりも低くするよう、前記燃焼動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃焼器の燃焼動作がm回目にONする際の前記改質器の温度よりも、n回目以降(n>m>1)にONする際の前記改質器の温度が低くなるよう、前記燃焼動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記蒸発器に水を供給する水供給器を備え、
前記制御器は、前記蒸発器の温度が所定の閾値以上になると、前記燃焼器の燃焼動作をOFFせず、前記燃焼器の燃焼動作を継続させるとともに、前記水供給器により水の供給を開始させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記燃焼器の初回燃焼動作における前記所定の閾値が、前記燃焼器のm回目以降(m>1)の燃焼動作における前記所定の閾値よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記燃焼器は、燃焼燃料と空気を燃焼するバーナと、前記バーナに前記燃焼燃料を供給する燃料供給器と、前記バーナに前記空気を供給する空気供給器とを備え、前記制御器は、m回目以降(m>1)の燃焼動作における前記バーナの空気比が、初回燃焼動作における前記バーナの空気比よりも大きくなるよう、前記燃焼動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。
- 燃焼停止中の前記バーナへの空気供給量が、燃焼動作中の前記バーナへの空気供給量よりも多いことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記バーナの着火時の空気比が、前記バーナの着火後の燃焼動作における空気比よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記バーナの着火時の空気比が、前記バーナの着火後の燃焼動作における空気比よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記改質器から送出されるガスが前記燃焼器に供給されるための燃料ガス流路と、前記燃料ガス流路に設けられ、前記燃料供給器としての弁とを備え、
前記制御器は、前記燃焼器の燃焼停止中に、前記改質器の内圧が所定の閾値以上になると、前記弁を開放することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記改質器に原料を供給する原料供給器を備え、
前記制御器は、前記燃焼器の燃焼を停止中に、前記改質器の内圧が所定の閾値以下になると、前記原料供給器を用いて、前記改質器内に前記原料を供給することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の水素生成装置。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置と、該水素生成装置から供給される前記水素含有ガスと酸化剤ガスを用いて発電を行う燃料電池とを備えることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
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JP2008521271A JP5064387B2 (ja) | 2006-06-15 | 2007-06-15 | 水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム |
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JP2008521271A JP5064387B2 (ja) | 2006-06-15 | 2007-06-15 | 水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム |
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JP (1) | JP5064387B2 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2007145321A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5334034B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2013-11-06 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 改質装置および燃料電池システム |
EP2351703B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2016-01-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Method of operating a hydrogen generator |
JP2010150119A (ja) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-07-08 | Panasonic Corp | 水素生成装置及びそれを備える燃料電池システム |
US8747498B2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2014-06-10 | Panasonic Corporation | Hydrogen generator and fuel cell system comprising the same |
CN101919097B (zh) | 2008-11-20 | 2014-04-09 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
JP5443774B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2014-03-19 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 固体酸化物形燃料電池 |
WO2010087167A1 (ja) * | 2009-01-27 | 2010-08-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料処理装置、それを備える燃料電池システム、及び燃料処理装置の運転方法 |
CN102015526B (zh) * | 2009-03-02 | 2014-07-09 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 氢生成装置、具备其的燃料电池系统以及氢生成装置的运转方法 |
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