Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
  • C08G69/36—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino acids, polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
  • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
  • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
  • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
  • B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
  • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
  • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
  • B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
  • B29C70/465—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
  • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
  • B29C70/521—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement before the die
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
  • C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
  • C08J5/08—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials glass fibres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
  • C08J5/248—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
  • B29C48/0017—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
  • B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2377/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
  • C08J2401/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
  • C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils

Definitions

• composition of polyamide and bioressourced reinforcements with improved mechanical properties Composition of polyamide and bioressourced reinforcements with improved mechanical properties
• the present invention relates to a composition based on polyamide (s) may or may not be partially bioressourcé (s), at least one polyamide having at least the MXD pattern, said composition comprising bioressourcés or natural reinforcements.
• the invention also relates to the transformation of this composition into objects having good mechanical properties and making it possible to meet application technical specifications such as can be found, for example, in the automobile, building, sports and fields. electric or electronic.
• thermoplastic matrices Today, in the field of materials based on thermoplastic matrices, there is no combination with natural reinforcements having sufficient technical properties for certain applications requiring good rigidity, good thermomechanical strength, good performance at aging. Furthermore, the matrices that one would like to associate with these natural reinforcements do not generally have a transformation temperature range that is compatible with the incorporation of such natural heat-sensitive reinforcements. It is known that the majority constituents of natural reinforcements, such as lignin, hemicellulose and pectins, are particularly thermally sensitive, while others, such as ⁇ -cellulose, are less sensitive.
• natural reinforcements for example, are wood flours, short or long vegetable fibers (flax, hemp, kenaf, abaca %), continuous fibers, mats derived from these fibers.
• Bioressourced or natural reinforcements are materials which generally have a lower density than inorganic reinforcements, and they are less abrasive with respect to the transformation tools compared to inorganic reinforcements. Natural reinforcements are also cheap and consume less energy for their production compared to, for example, glass fibers.
• the bioressourced or natural reinforcements generally have poor adhesion with respect to polymeric matrices such as polyamides. In some cases, they must be surface-treated to improve their adherence to with respect to these matrices by coupling agents, additives, plasma, corona, laser, ⁇ or UV irradiation, chemical, mechanical, thermal or other treatments.
• the polyamides which are the subject of this invention correspond in particular to the formula A / MXD.Z with Z denoting an entity derived from a diacid and A, when present, designating an entity which may come from an amino acid, preferably 1-amino, a lactam, such as lactam-12, or XY reaction product of a diamine X and a dicarboxylic acid Y.
• This entity XY will preferably bioressourced, and will correspond for example to the entity 10.10, 10.12 or 6.10.
• the MXD entity for its part, refers to metaxylylene diamine or a mixture of meta-xylylene diamine (MXD) and para-xylylene diamine (PXD), the meta-xylylene diamine being preferably the majority in said mixture .
• thermoplastic matrix based on polyamide (s) must therefore have a transformation temperature range compatible with the incorporation of natural heat-sensitive reinforcements to ensure good wetting of the fibers without degrading them. This can be achieved by judiciously choosing the monomers of the polyamide-based matrix (s) but also by the addition of a compound such as stearic acid or lithium salts, as described in document US 2004/0122133. .
• the present invention is not limited to only bioressourced or natural reinforcements.
• natural reinforcements the use of fibers, mineral fabrics (glass, carbon, etc.) or fillers (talc, montmorillonite, etc.) can also be envisaged to finely adjust the properties, especially the mechanical properties.
• compositions of the present invention may further contain additives such as coupling agents, which may be polymeric, impact modifiers, processing aids ("processing aids" in English terminology), stabilizers at the same time.
• additives such as coupling agents, which may be polymeric, impact modifiers, processing aids ("processing aids" in English terminology), stabilizers at the same time.
• UV and / or heat, flame retardants such as in particular Mg (OH) 2 , Al (OH) 3 and phosphinates.
• the matrices of these compositions have good rigidity, typically a tensile modulus of 2GPa at least after conditioning.
• EP 0 272 503 describes matrices of the MXD.10 type (poly (m-xylylenebacamide) associated with a semi-crystalline polyamide These matrices may contain glass fibers The combination of a second polymer of melting temperature 20 to 30 0 C above that of MXD10 does not allow the combination of natural fibers at the risk of observing their degradation.In addition, the fibers used are not bioressourcées or natural.
• WO 2007/137378 discloses compositions based on polyamides (including PA6 in particular) and natural fibers such as curaua fiber.
• the bioressourcé character is provided only by the natural fiber, the matrix being of fossil origin.
• This document does not mention any particular difficulties in incorporating natural heat-sensitive fibers into the PA6.
• the reported value (5100 MPa) of the tensile modulus of a mixture PA6-curaua fibers is obtained before or after conditioning of the polyamide.
• PA6 is of fossil origin.
• These PA6-cellulosic wood fiber compositions have tensile moduli between 5350 and 5700 MPa in the presence of 2% by weight of coupling agent and between 5100 and 5200 MPa without coupling agent, the PA6 matrix having a tensile modulus of 2750 MPa.
• these performances are measured in the dry state.
• the cellulosic wood fibers leading to these results were chosen for their higher thermal stability, since they contain at least 95% by weight ⁇ " ⁇ -cellulose, and therefore less than 5% by weight of heat-sensitive components such as lignin or hemicellulose.
• compositions based on PA6 and bioressourcées or natural fibers as well as a process for obtaining these compositions, characterized in that a lithium chloride salt (LiCl) is introduced beforehand into the PA6 matrix to substantially lower the melting point, from 223 ° C to 199 ° C or 194 ° C depending on the amount of LiCl added (respectively 3.0 and 3.5% by weight).
• LiCl lithium chloride salt
• Natural heat-sensitive fibers can then be introduced without risk of degradation into the melt PA6 / LiCl matrix since the polymer can be processed at lower temperatures.
• this method has the disadvantage of further promoting the propensity of PA6 to resume moisture since the selected salts are hydrophilic.
• compositions according to the invention do not require lowering the melting point of the polyamide matrix.
• JP 2005-060556 and US 2006/0202391 describe the combination of PLA (lactic acid polyacid a priori bioressourcé) and kenaf fibers.
• PLA lactic acid polyacid a priori bioressourcé
• PLA is difficult to transform in the presence of water because it is an aliphatic polyester.
• PLA is more sensitive to water than polyamides, which suggests a perfectible aging behavior.
• WO 2008/050568 discloses compositions based on PA1 1 and natural fibers, such as linen, hemp, bamboo or silk. These compositions are bioressourcées but do not lead to sufficient mechanical properties, especially in terms of tensile modulus due to the presence of PA1 1.
• EP 0 71 1 324 discloses a biodegradable polymer composition reinforced with natural fibers.
• the biodegradable polymer is starch which has limited mechanical properties and high sensitivity to water thus limiting its use value.
• the document EP 0 960 162 discloses, in its example 9, a process for obtaining a composition based on PA11 and containing 25% by volume of flax fibers, which corresponds to 33% by weight of fibers in view of the density of PA11 (1, 03) and that of flax fibers (1, 50).
• This composition is characterized in particular by a tensile modulus of 4050 MPa (according to DIN 53455). It should be noted that, unlike PA6, the tensile modulus of PA11 is less sensitive to conditioning.
• the described composition is bioresourced but does not lead to sufficient mechanical properties, especially in terms of tensile modulus.
• the Applicant has found that the combination of at least one polyamide, which can be partially bioresourced and containing at least one MXD entity, with bioressourcés or natural reinforcements could allow to obtain materials having good use properties.
• This polyamide containing an MXD entity also has a transformation temperature range compatible with the incorporation of natural heat-sensitive fibers.
• the invention relates to a composition combining at least one polyamide having at least one MXD entity, MXD denoting meta-xylylene diamine (MXD) or a mixture of meta-xylylene diamine (MXD) and para-xylylene diamine (PXD), with one or more bioressourc reinforcements, the term "bioressourcé” meaning within the meaning of ASTM D6852 and, more preferably, within the meaning of ASTM D6866.
• ASTM D6852 indicates the share of naturally occurring products in the composition while ASTM D6866 specifies the method and conditions for measuring renewable organic carbon, ie biomass.
• the reinforcement or reinforcements of the composition according to the invention are called bioressourcé (s), that is to say they include organic carbon from biomass and determined according to ASTM D6866.
• bioressourcé s
• the composition according to the invention is itself partially bioresourced, which has an advantage over compositions based on non-bioresourced fibers, for example from fossil raw materials.
• the invention also relates to methods for producing a composite material from such a composition, methods for obtaining objects from the compositions of the invention as well as the objects and use of the compositions and objects of the invention. 'invention.
• MXD meta-xylylene diamine or a mixture of metaxylylene diamine (MXD) and para-xylylene diamine (PXD).
• MXD metaxylylene diamine
• PXD para-xylylene diamine
• diamine MXD will be the majority in the mixture. This diamine MXD and / or PXD is commonly produced from fossil resources.
• bioressourcé (s) has the meaning of ASTM D6852 and, more preferably, within the meaning of ASTM D6866, as indicated above.
• conditioning means a residence of the material for 15 days at 23 ° C at a relative humidity of 50%.
• reinforcement is meant short or long fibers, continuous woven or non-woven fibers, woven or non-woven mat or crushed, flours, allowing the increase of the tensile modulus when combined with polymeric matrices.
• composition according to the invention comprises at least one polyamide, said polyamide having at least one MXD entity.
• this polyamide is a homopolyamide which corresponds to the MXD formula. Z, the MXD entity being as defined above and the Z moiety being an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic C 4 -C 36 dicarboxylic acid.
• this polyamide is a copolyamide corresponding to the formula A / MXD.Z, in which: the MXD moiety is as defined above, the Z moiety is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid or aromatic C 4 -C 36 , and the entity A is chosen from a lactam, an ⁇ , ⁇ -amino carboxylic acid and the product of the reaction of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic C 4 -C 36 dicarboxylic acid with an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or aromatic C 4 -C 36 diamine.
• the weight proportion of the MXD unit. Z, in the copolyamide of formula A / MXD.Z represents more than 50%, preferably more than 75% and more preferably more than 85%.
• the molar proportion of the MXD motif. Z, in the copolyamide of formula A / MXD.Z, represents more than 25%, preferably more than 50% and more preferably more than 65%.
• the Z moiety may be an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid comprising at least 6, advantageously 7 and more preferably 10, carbon atoms.
• a and / or Z correspond to a preferably bioressourced entity.
• A when present, can be obtained from a lactam monomer
• an ⁇ , ⁇ -amino carboxylic acid such as 6-aminohexanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 1-aminoundecanoic acid or 12-aminododecanoic acid
• an ⁇ , ⁇ -amino carboxylic acid such as 6-aminohexanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 1-aminoundecanoic acid or 12-aminododecanoic acid
• the product reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine such as 6-aminohexanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 1-aminoundecanoic acid or 12-aminododecanoic acid
• aliphatic diamines preferably linear, saturated or not, chosen for example from butanediamine, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, heptanediamine, nonanediamine, decanediamine, undecanediamine, the dodecanediamine, tridecanediamine, tetradecanediamine, hexadecanediamine, octadecanediamine, octadecenediamine, eicosanediamine, docosanediamine and diamines obtained from fatty acids, - aromatic or arylaliphatic diamines, such as, for example MXD, and PXD (para-xylylene diamine), cycloaliphatic diamines such as, for example, isophorone diamine, piperazine, 1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, bis (methylaminocyclohexyl) methane (BMACM), - aliphatic diacids, preferably linear
• the entity A may be a lactam or an ⁇ , ⁇ -amino carboxylic acid comprising at least 6, and more preferably at least 10, carbon atoms.
• the entity A is chosen from caprolactam, lactam 12, 11-aminoundecanoic acid and 12-aminododecanoic acid.
• said diamine is an aromatic diamine, preferably meta-xylylenediamine or a mixture of meta-xylylene diamine and para-xylylene diamine .
• a and Z are preferably made such that: A and / or Z are of partially or completely bioresourced origin, the melting temperature of the (co) polyamide is less than or equal to 215 ° C. (measured by DSC - ramp of 20 ° C / min - according to the ISO 1 1357-3 (1999) standard), the tensile modulus of (co) polyamide is greater than or equal to 2000 MPa (measured according to the ISO 527 1 BA standard on conditioned samples ).
• preference will be given to the following polyamides: MXD.
• copolyamides Preferably, the following copolyamides will be preferred:
• a / MXD.Z with A being 11-aminoundecanoic acid or 10-aminodecanoic acid, Z being adipic acid, sebacic acid or dodecanedioic acid. More preferably, Z is adipic acid and A is 11-aminoundecanoic acid. 11-Aminoundecanoic acid is commonly obtained from castor oil, which is obtained from the plant of the same name.
• a / MXD.Z with A being caprolactam or lactam 12 Z being adipic acid, sebacic acid or dodecanedioic acid. More preferably, Z is adipic acid.
• the dicarboxylic acid of A is chosen from adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
• the diamine is chosen from hexamethylenediamine, decanediamine, dodecanediamine and MXD. Decanediamine is commonly obtained by amination and hydrogenation of sebacic acid, itself commonly obtained from castor oil.
• composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one second polyamide, the latter may be a homopolyamide or a copolyamide.
• the proportion by weight of this other polyamide or copolyamide is less than 50%, preferably less than 25%, more preferably less than 15%.
• the first and / or second polyamide (s) of the composition may be (in all or part) bioressourcé (s), that is to say comprise organic carbon derived from biomass and determined according to the ASTM standard D6866.
• bioressourcé s
• the bioressourced reinforcement of the composition according to the invention comprises at least one element chosen from vegetable fibers or flours, animal fibers, bioresourced polymers, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes which are bioresourced, the term the term "bioressourced”. always within the meaning of ASTM D6852 and, more preferably, within the meaning of ASTM D6866.
• the bioressourced reinforcements concerned by the invention may be: vegetable fibers or flours which comprise fibers or flours originating from seed seminal hairs (cotton, kapok), bast fibers or flours extracted from plant stems (flax, hemp, kenaf) , jute, ramie ...), hard fibers or flours extracted from leaves (sisal, abaca %), trunks
• Manila hemp, wood in general Fruit envelopes (coconut %), animal fibers that come from the hairs, such as animal fleece, and secretions such as silk, carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes from bioressourced raw materials, polymer fibers from bioresourced materials, shredded bark or seeds (hazelnuts, walnuts, etc.), animal shells (crabs, etc.), seeds (rice, etc.). .).
• the invention concerns plant fibers and more particularly flax, hemp, sisal, kenaf, abaca or jute fibers.
• the bioressource reinforcement whether it consists of one or more of the elements detailed above, represents from 5 to 50%, preferably from 15 to 40% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.
• the weight ranges may be reduced so that this reinforcement represents from 2 to 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
• the bioressourced reinforcement is in the form of a ground material, a flour, a short fiber, a long fiber, continuous woven fibers, continuous nonwoven fibers, woven or non-woven fiber mat.
• bioressourcées continuous fibers woven or not, the bioressourcés fabrics (mat woven or nonwoven obtained using these fibers or combinations of these fibers).
• non-bioresourced reinforcements such carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes of fossil origin, glass fibers ... in addition to the bioressource reinforcement, or even fillers such as talc. , chalk, mica, kaolin, montmorillonite.
• the composition according to the invention may furthermore comprise at least one second reinforcement which is not bioressourced within the meaning of ASTM D6852 and, more preferably, within the meaning of ASTM D6866, said second reinforcement being able to be a fiber of carbon, carbon nanotubes or glass fibers.
• the weight ratio of all the reinforcements namely the bioressourced reinforcement (s) and, where appropriate, the non-bioressourced reinforcement (s) is between 5 and 80%, advantageously between 10 and 70%, preferably between 15 and 50%, and even more preferably between 15 and 40%, of the total weight of the composition.
• the mass ratio (reinforcement (s) bioressourcé (s)) on (reinforcement (s) non-bioressourcé (s)) is greater than 0.3, preferably greater than or equal to 1, and more particularly greater than or equal to 3 .
• these other non-bioresourced reinforcements represent less than 30% and more particularly less than 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition according to the invention.
• the bioressource reinforcement and, where appropriate, the second non-bioressourced reinforcement may undergo a treatment aimed at improving their adhesion with respect to the polyamides, said treatment being chosen from:
• compositions of the present invention may further contain one or more additives such as coupling agents, which may be polymeric, impact modifiers, processing-aids, UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, flame retardants such as especially Mg (OH) 2 , Al (OH) 3 and phosphinates.
• coupling agents which may be polymeric, impact modifiers, processing-aids, UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, flame retardants such as especially Mg (OH) 2 , Al (OH) 3 and phosphinates.
• the Coupling agents referred to herein are intended to improve the adhesion of reinforcements with the (s) polyamide (s).
• additives generally represent less than 50% by weight, preferably less than 30% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.
• content is in particular less than 20% and preferably less than 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
• composition according to the invention may further comprise fillers such as talc, montmorillonite, chalk, mica and kaolin, preferably in a proportion by weight which may represent less than 30%, and more particularly less than 20%, of the total weight. of the composition.
• fillers such as talc, montmorillonite, chalk, mica and kaolin, preferably in a proportion by weight which may represent less than 30%, and more particularly less than 20%, of the total weight. of the composition.
• compositions based on polyamides and bioresourced reinforcements according to the invention are characterized by a tensile modulus in the conditioned state (measured according to ISO 527 1 BA on samples conditioned at 23 ° C. for 15 days and at 50% relative humidity) preferably greater than 3500 MPa, more preferably greater than 5000 MPa.
• compositions may be used for the manufacture of a composite material from a composition comprising a reinforcement (s) bioressourcé (s) in the form of short fibers, said method comprising the following steps: A- mixing of the reinforcement bioressourcé and polyamide (s) in an extruder or a co-kneader between 180 and 240 0 C, especially between 200 and 240 0 C, for example 215 ° C, B-extrusion of the rod, C- granulation of ring.
• the objects of the invention are obtained: for a bioressourced reinforcement in the form of short fibers, by injection at 215 ° C (or injection compression) of short fiber granules, the granule being obtained by compounding in English terminology on extruder or co-kneader, between 180 and 240 0 C, in particular between 200 and 240 0 C, for example at 215 ° C, compositions of the invention and cutting rush obtained.
• long fibers for reinforcement bioressourced in the form of long fibers, by injection at 215 0 C (or injection compression) of long fiber granules, the granule being obtained by impregnation of continuous fiber bundles in the molten polyamide between 180 and 240 ° C., especially between 200 and 240 ° C, for example at 215 ° C, using of an extruder with a square head and then cutting the rod obtained.
• the long fibers in the form of wicks (“roving" in English terminology) can also be incorporated directly during the injection.
• a bioressourced reinforcement in the form of woven or non-woven mats obtaining laminated sheets by hot pressing between 180 and 240 ° C., in particular between 200 and 240 ° C., for example at 215 ° C., of a stack, alternately , of woven or non-woven fiber mats and films of the polyamide (s) or rolling of woven or non-woven fiber mats on a polyamide film (s).
• pultrusion of the composite for producing profiles (drawing fiber bundles and continuous impregnation of the molten polyamide (s) or in a fluidized bed and passage through a heating conformer giving the shape of the section of the section), carried between 180 and 240 0 C, especially between 200 and 240 0 C and, for example, at 215 ° C.
• compositions according to the invention may be parts intended for: the non-limited sector of the automobile such as cylinder head cover, intake manifold, radiator housing, building sectors, electrical or electronic sectors such as housings, hulls or boxes, - to sports sectors such as, for example, shoe elements.
• Dumbbells ISO 527 1 BA polyamide MXD.10 synthesized from meta-xylylene diamine and sebacic acid having a melt flow index (MFI) of 20g / 10min at 275 ° C. under 2.16 kg are injection-molded at 210 ° C. in a mold maintained at 30 ° C. or 120 ° C. with a 60-ton injection molding machine.
• the MXD.10 polyamide granules were previously dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum oven.
• the melting temperature is measured by DSC according to the ISO11357 standard.
• dumbbells of MXD.10, but also of PA6 and PA11 are conditioned for 15 days at 23 ° C. at a relative humidity of 50%.
• the tensile properties are obtained with the protocol described in ISO527 1 BA.
• the MXD.10 PA can be injected at 210 ° C. while the polyamide-6 when it is injected preferentially at 260 ° C. and the polyamide-11 at 240 ° C.
• compositions comprising 85% by weight of a polyamide and 15% by weight of reinforcements were prepared from the following products:
• the polyamides used are as follows: the MXD.10 polyamide (Tf of 193 ° C.) is identical that of Examples 1 and 2; polyamide 6 (denoted PA6, Tf of 220 ° C.) corresponds to the commercial grade U LTRAM I D® B3 of BASF;
• polyamide 11 (PA11, Tf of 187-191 ° C.) corresponds to the RILSAN® BMNO grade of the company ARKEMA FRANCE;
• the melting temperatures Tf mentioned above were measured by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard.
• the non-bioressourced reinforcement consists of glass fibers sized to ensure coupling with the matrix. These glass fibers are referred to as "FV" in Table 2 below.
• the bioressourced reinforcements tested are:
• cellulose microfibrils (referred to as "cellulose” in Table 2 below) marketed by Rettenmaier under the trademark Arbocel®.
• the grade chosen in this example is BWW40 consisting of more than 99% by weight of cellulose;
• - Flax fibers (referred to as "flax” in Table 2 below) marketed by Dehondt under the trademark Lintex®.
• the grade chosen in this example is the M10F.
• these bioresourced reinforcements are previously dried between 100 0 C and 110 0 C in an oven for 12 hours under vacuum.
• the granules of PA MXD.10, PA6 and PA11 are pre-dried between 60 ° C. and 80 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum oven.
• Mixtures of polyamides and bioressourced reinforcements as detailed in Table 2 below are made in a co-rotating Explore® micro-extruder from DSM. This tool consists of a thermo-controlled mixing chamber equipped with 2 co-rotating screws.
• the products are introduced using a sliding piston.
• the mixing chamber is equipped with a re-circulation channel and a closed die, which allows the material to be recirculated for a fixed time.
• the die is then opened and the material is collected in a chamber also thermally regulated (heat gun).
• This heat gun is then connected to a micro-injector that can mold standard dumbbells type ISO 527 1 BA by applying a variable pressure cycle and controlled molding times, as is commonly done with an injection molding machine.
• the mold is also thermo-regulated, which makes it possible to mold at variable temperatures.
• the mixtures are made: at a temperature of between 190 ° C. and 220 ° C., measured in the melt for mixtures comprising PA MXD.10, or PA 1 1, and natural reinforcements and at a temperature of 230 ° C measured in the melt for mixtures comprising PA 6 and natural reinforcements.
• the bioressourced reinforcements and the polyamides are introduced into the thermo-controlled mixing chamber with the aid of the sliding piston.
• the mixtures are made with a screw speed set at 100 rpm.
• the re-circulation time chosen is 90 seconds.
• the heat gun is thermo-regulated at a temperature similar to the mixing temperature and the mold is between 40 ° C and 80 ° C.
• the maximum pressure of the cycle is 16 bar.
• the holding times in the mold are between 6 and 20 seconds.
• dumbbells obtained from different compositions of Examples 3 and 4 according to the invention and Comparative Examples E and F are then packaged for 15 days at 23 ° C. at a relative humidity of 50%.
• the mechanical properties of these dumbbells after conditioning, in particular the values of the traction modules, are evaluated according to the protocol described in the ISO 527 1 BA standard.
• the tensile modulus (MPa), standard deviation, and density values are shown in Table 2 below.
• Table 2 also shows the values of the tensile modulus (according to ISO 527 1 BA) and the density measured: for comparative example C: on the technical sheet of the commercial grade ULTRAMID® B3EG3 (PA6 + glass fibers ) of BASF, for comparative example D: on a technical sheet of a mixture of PA1 1 and glass fibers manufactured by ARKEMA France.
• Example 4 (MXD.10 + lin) are very much higher than those of Comparative Example E (PA1 1 + lin) and remain even higher than those of Comparative Example D (PA1 1 + glass fibers).
• Example 4 MXD.10 + lin
• Comparative Example F PA6 + lin
• compositions comprising 70% by weight of a polyamide and 30% by weight of reinforcements were prepared from the products indicated below.
• the polyamides used are as follows: the MXD.10 polyamide (Tf of 193 ° C.) is identical to that of Examples 1 to 4, the polyamide 6 (PA 6, Tf of 220 ° C.) corresponds to the commercial grade
• the polyamide 11 (PA11, Tf of 187-191 ° C.) corresponds to the commercial grade
• the melting temperatures Tf mentioned above were measured by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard.
• the non-bioressourced reinforcement consists of the same sized glass fibers mentioned for Comparative Examples C and D described above. These glass fibers are referred to as "FV" in Table 3 below.
• flax fibers (referred to as "flax" in Table 3 below) are the same as those already used in Examples 4 and Comparatives E and F.
• dumbbells obtained from different compositions of Example 5 according to the invention and Comparative Examples H and K are then packaged for 15 days at 23 ° C. at a relative humidity of 50%.
• dumbbells after conditioning in particular the values of the traction modules, are evaluated according to the protocol described in the ISO 527 1 BA standard.
• the tensile modulus (MPa) and density values are shown in Table 3 below.
• Table 3 also shows the values of the tensile moduli (according to ISO 527 1 BA, except in the case of Comparative Example G) and of the density readings: for comparative example G: in the example ( 9) of EP 0 960 162 (it being specified that the measurement of the traction module is given according to the standard
• Example 5 It is observed that the tensile modulus of Example 5 reaches a value comparable to those of dumbbells packaged and formed from PA6 and glass fibers (Comparative Example J), which are known to be particularly satisfactory in terms of modulus and this, for a much lower density.
• compositions according to the invention make it possible to obtain a material which is significantly more efficient in terms of mechanical properties than a material based on PA 11 or PA 6.

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