WO2010053108A1 - 位相シフト型インバータ回路、それを用いたx線高電圧装置、x線ct装置、および、x線撮影装置 - Google Patents
位相シフト型インバータ回路、それを用いたx線高電圧装置、x線ct装置、および、x線撮影装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010053108A1 WO2010053108A1 PCT/JP2009/068871 JP2009068871W WO2010053108A1 WO 2010053108 A1 WO2010053108 A1 WO 2010053108A1 JP 2009068871 W JP2009068871 W JP 2009068871W WO 2010053108 A1 WO2010053108 A1 WO 2010053108A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/10—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
- H05G1/20—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with high-frequency ac; with pulse trains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/4815—Resonant converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phase shift inverter circuit that is driven at a frequency that follows a resonance frequency due to load fluctuations, and an X-ray high-voltage device using the same.
- Inverter technology driven at high frequency includes induction heating cookers that induction-heat metal pans by high-frequency magnetic fields, industrial induction heating devices for melting and quenching metals, It is applied to X-ray devices and X-ray CT (Computer Tomography) devices for medical and industrial use that acquire X-ray fluoroscopic images and tomographic images.
- induction heating cookers that induction-heat metal pans by high-frequency magnetic fields
- industrial induction heating devices for melting and quenching metals
- X-ray devices and X-ray CT (Computer Tomography) devices for medical and industrial use that acquire X-ray fluoroscopic images and tomographic images.
- ⁇ Inverter circuit loads in such fields are usually inductors and X-ray tubes, and their impedance varies greatly or changes depending on voltage and current setting conditions and temperature. For this reason, the resonance frequency of the load circuit fluctuates.
- the equivalent resistance greatly fluctuates in the range of several tens of k ⁇ to several tens of M ⁇ depending on the setting conditions of the X-ray output.
- the inverter circuit needs to control the operating frequency following the load fluctuation, and at the same time, needs to control the output according to the voltage and current setting conditions.
- Patent Document 1 a technique for realizing both functions with a single inverter circuit is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 1 in order to make the inverter operating frequency coincide with the fluctuation of the resonance frequency due to the fluctuation of the load, it flows through two semiconductor switches included in the inverter circuit or a diode reversely connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch. Current is detected, and the inverter frequency is changed so that the period during which the current flows is equal.
- the phase shift angle at which each semiconductor switch of the inverter circuit operates is controlled.
- Patent Document 1 in order to detect the current flowing in two semiconductor switches included in an inverter circuit or a diode reversely connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch, a current sensor such as a CT (Current Transformer) is arranged around the current sensor. Yes. For this reason, it is necessary to devise a method for lengthening the wiring at the location where the CT is inserted by an amount corresponding to the insertion of the CT.
- CT Current Transformer
- it is essential to implement mounting design such as using copper bars, bus bars, or processed copper plates to minimize the wiring inductance. is there. For this reason, it is preferable that the distance between the terminals is short, and there is a demand to avoid adding a current sensor as much as possible.
- Patent Document 1 the main focus is on matching the inverter operating frequency to the resonance frequency of the load circuit, and switching loss is not considered.
- Fig. 1 (a) shows the voltage and current waveforms of the semiconductor switch.
- the semiconductor switch transitions from ON to OFF during the turn-off period Toff, and a turn-off loss Esw (off) of Isw ⁇ Vsw occurs.
- a turn-off loss Esw (off) of Isw ⁇ Vsw occurs.
- a turn-on loss Esw (on) of Isw ⁇ Vsw occurs.
- Fig. 1 (b) shows the voltage and current waveforms of the semiconductor switch when ZVS and ZCS are applied by soft switching.
- ZVS is a technology that reduces the loss of voltage ⁇ current by suppressing the time change dv / dt of the voltage when the switch is turned on or off. This is usually achieved by connecting a lossless snubber capacitor in parallel to the semiconductor switch to reduce dv / dt.
- ZCS is a technology that makes the loss zero by turning on and off the semiconductor switch when the switch current is zero.
- inverter circuit if the semiconductor switch is turned on while the current is flowing through a diode reversely connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch, the current flowing through the semiconductor switch is zero, and thus the loss of voltage ⁇ current is zero. At this time, since the voltage across the switch is zero, it can be said that ZVS is realized.
- ZCS there is a partial resonance method that uses an auxiliary circuit including an inductor and a further semiconductor switch and controls the switch current to be negative when the semiconductor switch of the inverter circuit is OFF. Also, by setting the inverter operating frequency slightly higher than the resonance frequency, the current phase is delayed with respect to the voltage phase, and when the semiconductor switch is turned on, the current has a negative polarity (that is, the current flows to the diode, the switch There is a method to realize ZCS as a state that does not flow.
- the former partial resonance method has been put into practical use in X-ray CT apparatuses and the like.
- the latter method of setting the inverter operating frequency slightly higher than the resonance frequency has the advantage that the main circuit configuration can be simplified without the need for an auxiliary circuit, since it is only necessary to control the frequency when the resonance frequency is constant. is there.
- the ZCS method for controlling the inverter operating frequency slightly higher than the resonance frequency will be further described.
- the resonance frequency of the load circuit is constant, when the operating frequency of the inverter is changed, the load side changes from a capacitive load to an inductive load accordingly. That is, if the operating frequency is lower than the resonance frequency, it indicates a capacitive load in which the current phase advances with respect to the voltage phase, and conversely, if the operating frequency is higher than the resonance frequency, the current phase relative to the voltage phase. Indicates an inductive load that is delayed.
- an inductive load focusing on one semiconductor switch, as shown in FIG. 1B, when the semiconductor switch is turned on, the current has a negative polarity (that is, flows to the diode and does not flow to the switch). Therefore, ZCS can be realized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an inverter circuit in which tracking control to resonance frequency fluctuation due to load fluctuation and power control are performed by a single drive circuit, and which can reduce switching loss. .
- the following phase shift inverter circuit is provided. That is, an inverter circuit unit in which two arm circuits each having two diode switches connected in parallel and in opposite directions are connected in parallel, and an inverter driving circuit unit that supplies a drive signal to each semiconductor switch of the inverter circuit;
- the inverter drive circuit unit obtains the phase difference between the output current and the output voltage to the load circuit connected to the middle point of the two arm circuits, and the phase difference becomes zero or a predetermined value. In this way, by controlling the phase of the drive signal to each semiconductor switch, the operating frequency of the inverter circuit section is made to follow the resonance frequency of the load circuit.
- the operating frequency of the inverter circuit section can be made to follow the resonance frequency of the load circuit using the phase difference between the output current and the output voltage in this way, a current value is measured by inserting a detector near the semiconductor switch. There is no need, and a simple configuration can be achieved.
- the inverter drive circuit unit can control the phase of the drive signal of each semiconductor switch so that the output current has a phase delayed by a predetermined value from the output voltage.
- ZCS can be realized and switching loss can be reduced.
- the following phase shift inverter circuit has an inverter circuit section in which two arm circuits each having two semiconductor switches connected in parallel and in opposite directions are connected in series, and an inverter driving circuit section for supplying a drive signal to each semiconductor switch of the inverter circuit
- An inverter circuit wherein an inverter drive circuit unit obtains an operating frequency of output power to a load circuit connected to a middle point of two arm circuits, and the operating frequency is higher than a resonance frequency of the load circuit by a predetermined value
- This is a phase shift type inverter circuit that controls the phase of the drive signal to each semiconductor switch so as to have a frequency. In this way, by controlling the operating frequency to be higher than the resonance frequency by a predetermined value, ZCS can be realized because it indicates an inductive load whose current phase is delayed with respect to the voltage phase, and switching loss is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the inverter drive circuit unit can control the output power of the inverter circuit unit by adjusting the phase difference of the drive signal to the semiconductor switch that is a predetermined pair of the four semiconductor switches of the inverter circuit unit. .
- the inverter drive circuit unit includes a circuit that generates a fundamental wave signal of a predetermined duty with a pulse width having the same center as that of the positive pulse width of the output voltage, and generates the drive signal using the circuit. Is possible.
- the inverter drive circuit unit includes a circuit that generates a fundamental wave signal having a predetermined duty that is inverted at a timing when the output voltage changes from zero voltage to positive and negative polarity pulses, and generates a drive signal using the circuit. Is also possible.
- the inverter drive circuit unit uses the phase of the current detected between the middle point of the two arm circuits and the load circuit as the output current, and drives as the phase of the output voltage. It is possible to use the phase of the signal.
- an X-ray high voltage apparatus comprising a phase shift inverter circuit that converts a DC power supply output to a high-frequency AC output, a high-voltage transformer that converts the high-frequency AC output of the inverter circuit to a high-voltage output, and an X-ray tube that rectifies the output of the high-voltage transformer
- a phase shift inverter circuit that converts a DC power supply output to a high-frequency AC output
- a high-voltage transformer that converts the high-frequency AC output of the inverter circuit to a high-voltage output
- an X-ray tube that rectifies the output of the high-voltage transformer
- the control circuit rotationally drives a filament heating circuit for heating the filament of the X-ray tube and an anode of the X-ray tube An anode rotation drive circuit.
- the inverter circuit uses the phase shift inverter circuit of the first or second aspect described above.
- the following X-ray CT apparatus That is, a disk with an opening for inserting a subject, an X-ray tube and an X-ray detector mounted on opposite sides of the opening of the disk, and an X-ray height for supplying DC power to the X-ray tube
- An X-ray CT apparatus having a voltage device, a bed on which a subject is mounted and inserted into the opening of the disk, and a rotation drive unit that rotates the disk.
- the X-ray high voltage apparatus the X-ray high voltage apparatus of the third aspect described above is used.
- an X-ray imaging apparatus having an X-ray tube, an X-ray image receiving unit that detects X-rays transmitted through a subject, and an X-ray high-voltage device that supplies DC power to the X-ray tube.
- the X-ray high voltage apparatus the X-ray high voltage apparatus of the third aspect described above is used.
- the present invention it is not necessary to measure current in the vicinity of the semiconductor switch, and it is possible to control power and frequency at the same time, and it is possible to realize small size, light weight, low price, and high reliability. Moreover, ZCS can be realized and switching loss can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 The graph which shows the voltage waveform and current waveform of a semiconductor switch in the case of hard switching
- the block diagram which shows the structure of the phase shift type inverter circuit in 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing configurations of an inverter voltage / current phase difference calculating circuit 21 and an oscillation frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 in the first embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the operation
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing signal waveforms in the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 of FIG. 7.
- phase shift inverter circuit (a) an explanatory diagram showing operation waveforms of respective parts when the inverter current is delayed from the inverter voltage (the inverter operation frequency is higher than the resonance frequency); (b) Explanatory drawing which shows the operation waveform of each part in case the inverter current is ahead of the inverter voltage (the inverter operation frequency is lower than the resonance frequency).
- the block diagram which shows the structure of the fundamental wave signal A 'generating circuit 218 of the inverter voltage in 4th Embodiment.
- the block diagram which shows the structure of the phase shift type inverter circuit in 5th Embodiment.
- FIG. 2 A schematic diagram of the inverter circuit of the first embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, and waveforms of drive signals and the like are shown in FIGS.
- the inverter circuit of the first embodiment includes an inverter circuit unit 1 and an inverter drive circuit unit 2.
- a DC power source 3 is connected to the inverter circuit unit 1.
- a resonance circuit 4 including a load is connected to the output terminal ab of the inverter circuit unit 1.
- the inverter circuit unit 1 has a configuration in which arm circuits 11 and 12 are connected in parallel.
- the arm circuit 11 is a circuit in which semiconductor switches (S1, S2) 111a and 112a in which diodes (D1, D2) 111b and 112b are reversely connected in parallel are connected in series.
- the arm circuit 12 is a circuit in which semiconductor switches (S3, S4) 121a, 122a in which diodes (D3, D4) 121b, 122b are reversely connected in parallel are connected in series.
- the output terminal a is arranged at the midpoint of the arm circuit 11 (between the semiconductor switch (S1) 111a and the semiconductor switch (s2) 112a), and the output terminal b is the midpoint of the arm circuit 12 (semiconductor switch (S3)). 121a and the semiconductor switch (s4) 122a).
- Each of the semiconductor switches (S1 to S4) 111a, 112a, 121a, 122a is connected to an inverter drive circuit unit 2 for supplying a drive signal (gate voltage signal) as shown in FIG.
- the inverter drive circuit unit 2 includes an inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21, a resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22, a power control phase difference generation circuit 23, dead time generation circuits 25a to 25d, an inverting logic circuit 24a, With 24b.
- the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 fetches the detection result from the current sensor 5 that detects the output current Iinv of the inverter circuit unit 1, and outputs the output current Iinv and the output voltage (inverter voltage) of the inverter circuit unit 1. The phase difference is calculated.
- the resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 determines the operating frequency of the inverter circuit unit 1 from the phase difference calculated by the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21.
- the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 controls the output power by controlling the phase difference PD of the drive signal supplied to the semiconductor switches 111a, 112a, 121a, 122a in order to control the power.
- the dead time generation circuits 25a to 25d delay the rise of the drive signal by a predetermined time (dead time td) in order to prevent the two semiconductor switches in the arm circuits 11 and 12 from being simultaneously turned on and the DC voltage being short-circuited.
- the inverting logic circuit 24 is provided with semiconductor switches (switch (S1) 111a and switch (S2) 112a) and switch (S3) 121a and switch (S4) 122a) above and below the arm circuits 11 and 12 to realize an inverter circuit. Is reversed.
- the inverter circuit unit 1 is either (1) when a drive signal is simultaneously input to the semiconductor switch (S1) 111a and the semiconductor switch (S4) 122a, or (2) the semiconductor switch ( When a drive signal is simultaneously input to S2) 112a and the semiconductor switch (S3) 121a, a signal is output to the resonance circuit 4.
- the drive signal is input to only one of the semiconductor switches, or when the drive signal is input in a combination other than the combination (1) or (2), the voltage signal is not output.
- the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 controls the output power by the phase difference between the drive signal to the semiconductor switch (S1) 111a and the drive signal to the semiconductor switch (S4) 122a, and the drive signal to the semiconductor switch (S2) 112a. And the phase difference of the drive signal to the semiconductor switch (S3) 121a is set to the phase difference PD.
- the larger the phase difference PD the shorter the time during which drive signals are simultaneously input to the switch (S1) 111a and the switch (S4) 122a, and similarly to the switch (S2) 112a and the switch (S3) 121a.
- the time for inputting the drive signal is shortened. Therefore, the effective value of the inverter voltage is reduced and the output power is reduced.
- the phase difference PD is controlled using, for example, a PI compensator. If the phase difference PD is zero, the operation is the same as that of an inverter that operates at a 50% duty of general PWM, and the output is reduced as the phase difference increases. Thereby, the output power of the inverter circuit can be controlled.
- the inverter operating frequency is controlled based on the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current of the inverter circuit. That is, since the resonance circuit 4 including a load is connected to the output terminal ab of the inverter circuit unit 1 as a load circuit, it can be regarded as a resonance circuit as a whole. For this reason, when the operating frequency of the inverter circuit (frequency of the output signal) matches the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 4 including the load, the power factor of the inverter circuit is 1, that is, the output voltage and output current of the inverter circuit. The phase difference of becomes zero.
- the phase difference between the output voltage (inverter voltage) of the inverter circuit and the output current Iinv is detected, and the inverter circuit unit 1 is controlled so as to match, so that the operating frequency of the inverter circuit is reduced to that of the resonance circuit 4 including the load.
- the resonance frequency fluctuates while matching the resonance frequency, this can be followed.
- the semiconductor switch when control is performed so that the phase of the output current Iinv is delayed with respect to the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit, focusing on one semiconductor switch, the semiconductor switch is turned on as shown in FIG. At this point, ZCS can be realized because the current has a negative polarity (that is, it flows to the diode and does not flow to the switch). In this case, the operating frequency of the inverter circuit follows this in a state slightly higher than the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 4.
- the phase difference between the output voltage of the inverter circuit and the output current Iinv is detected, and the phase difference is controlled to be zero or a predetermined value, whereby the operating frequency of the inverter circuit is adjusted to the resonance of the load. It is possible to follow at a frequency that matches the resonance frequency of the circuit 4 or deviates by a predetermined value.
- FIG. 4 shows the internal configuration of the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 and the resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22.
- FIG. 3A shows an example of the waveforms of the input signal, inverter voltage, and signals at points A, B, and C shown in FIG.
- a dotted line in FIG. 3A shows a case where the phase difference between the output voltage (inverter voltage) of the inverter circuit and the output current (inverter current) Iinv is enlarged.
- the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 includes an inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210, a high pass filter 211, a comparator 212, and a fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210.
- An exclusive OR calculator 214 for obtaining an exclusive OR of the output and the output of the comparator 212, monostable multivibrators 213a and 213b, AND operators 215a and 215b, and an adder 216 are provided.
- each drive signal of the semiconductor switch (S1) 111a and the semiconductor switch (S3) 121a and the power control phase difference control amount output from the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 are obtained. Based on this, a fundamental wave signal A of the inverter voltage is generated.
- the configuration and operation of the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 will be described later.
- the low-frequency component of the inverter current Iinv detected by the current sensor 5 is cut by the high-pass filter 211 and compared with zero by the comparator 212.
- a fundamental wave signal B of the inverter current corresponding to the positive / negative polarity of the current Iinv is obtained.
- the fundamental wave signal A of the inverter voltage and the fundamental wave signal B of the inverter current are respectively input to the monostable multivibrators 213a and 213b, and an arbitrary pulse width signal is output at the rise and fall of each signal.
- the pulse width is set to be smaller than 1/2 of the inverter driving cycle.
- the fundamental wave signal A of the inverter voltage and the fundamental wave signal B of the inverter current are calculated by the exclusive OR calculator 214, and the result of the calculation is the logical product operation with the outputs of the monostable multivibrators 213a and 213b.
- the signal C indicating the phase difference between the inverter voltage and the inverter current Iinv is extracted.
- the pulse width indicates the magnitude of the phase difference, and when the pulse is positive, it indicates a current delay (a state in which the phase of the inverter current Iinv is delayed from the phase of the inverter voltage), and the inverter operating frequency is It becomes higher than the resonance frequency.
- the pulse of the signal C when the pulse of the signal C is negative, it indicates current advance (a state in which the phase of the inverter current Iinv is ahead of the phase of the inverter voltage), and the inverter operating frequency is more resonant. It becomes lower than the frequency.
- the resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 includes an amplifier 221, a PI compensator 222, and a VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) 223 as shown in FIG.
- the output of the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 is amplified by the amplifier 221, and proportional control and integration processing are performed so that an arbitrary response is obtained by the PI compensator 222, and the output signal of the PI compensator 222 is output by the VCO 223.
- the frequency is adjusted based on the output.
- the output signal of the VCO 223 is delayed by a predetermined dead time td by the dead time generation circuit 25a and supplied as a drive signal to the switch (S1) 111a. Further, the output signal of the VCO 223 is inverted by the inverting logic circuit 24a, the rising edge is delayed by the dead time td by the dead time generation circuit 25b, and supplied to the switch (S2) 112a as a drive signal.
- the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 sets the output power to a predetermined value, the phase difference of the drive signal of the switch (S4) with respect to the drive signal to the switch (S1), and the switch (S3 for the drive signal to the switch (S2) ),
- the phase of the output signal of the VCO 223 is delayed so that the phase difference of the drive signals becomes a predetermined phase difference PD.
- the output is delayed by the dead time td in the dead time generation circuit 25c and supplied to the switch (S3) 121a as a drive signal.
- inversion processing is performed by the inversion logic circuit 24b, and the rising time is delayed by the dead time td by the dead time generation circuit 25b, and supplied to the switch (S4) 122a as a drive signal.
- FIG. 5 shows an internal configuration of the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an example of waveforms at several points in FIG. A waveform indicated by a dotted line indicates a case where the phase difference further increases.
- the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 generates a 50% duty waveform with a pulse width having a center equal to the center of the positive pulse width of the inverter output voltage.
- the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 includes a drive signal for the semiconductor switch (S1) 111a, a control amount signal output from the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 (hereinafter referred to as a power control phase difference control amount signal), a semiconductor In this configuration, the drive signal of the switch (S3) 121a and an internally generated sawtooth wave are used.
- an inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 includes a sawtooth wave generation circuit 2101, a monostable multivibrator 2102, a sample hold circuit 2103, adders 2104a and 2104b, an amplifier 2105, and a comparator 2106. And a D flip-flop circuit 2107.
- the sawtooth wave generation circuit 2101 is reset at the rising and falling timings of the drive signal of the semiconductor switch (S1) 111a, and generates a sawtooth wave having a peak a [V] (for example, 5V).
- the power control phase difference control amount signal is an analog amount indicating the phase difference PD of the semiconductor switches S1 and S4. When the phase difference PD is zero, the value is a [V], and when the maximum ⁇ is 0 [V]. Have.
- the difference between the peak value a [V] of the sawtooth wave at the adder 2104a and the control amount signal is taken, multiplied by 1/2 by the amplifier 2105, and this signal is added to the power control phase difference control amount by the adder 2104b.
- the comparator 2106 operates so as to generate the rising / falling timing of the fundamental wave signal A at the timing of crossing the rising slope line of the sawtooth wave with the threshold value as a threshold value.
- the D flip-flop circuit 2107 generates a signal having a polarity opposite to that of the S1 drive signal at the pulse timing of the comparator 2106.
- an inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A is generated that repeats rising and falling at the midpoint of the period when the inverter voltage is 0V. That is, a waveform with a duty factor of 50% is generated with a pulse width having the same center as that of the positive pulse width of the inverter output voltage.
- the power control phase difference control amount signal is not input directly to the adders 2104a and 2104b, but is input from the sample hold circuit 2103. This is to prevent a slightly different value from being input to the adders 2104a and 2104b and causing an offset in the calculation result because the power control phase difference control amount has a fluctuation.
- the sample-and-hold circuit 2103 samples the midpoint of the peak value of the sawtooth wave by sampling at the crosspoint of the sawtooth wave with the power control phase difference control amount.
- the monostable multivibrator 2102 generates timing signals for rising and falling of the drive signal of the semiconductor switch (S3) 121a.
- the sample hold circuit 2103 performs sample hold using this timing.
- the sample hold timing need not be limited to the drive signal of the switch S3.
- the period of the sawtooth wave generated by the sawtooth wave generation circuit 2101 is also synchronized with the rise and fall of the S1 drive signal, but is not limited to this, and is equal to the center of the positive pulse width of the inverter output voltage,
- the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 210 may be configured to achieve the function of generating a waveform with a duty of 50%.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an internal circuit configuration of the power control phase difference generation circuit 23, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing signal waveforms at predetermined locations in the power control phase difference generation circuit 23.
- the power control phase difference generation circuit 23 includes a target voltage waveform holding unit 2301, an inverter output voltage calculation unit 2302, an adder 2303, a PI compensator 2304, a limiter 2305, and a comparator 2306. And D flip-flop circuit 2307.
- the target voltage waveform holding unit 2301 holds a predetermined target inverter output waveform.
- the inverter output voltage calculator 2302 takes in the drive signals supplied to the semiconductor switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) 111a, 112a, 121a, 122a, and from these drive signals, the inverter output voltage waveform of the inverter circuit unit 1 Is calculated.
- the method of calculating the inverter output voltage waveform from the drive signals of the semiconductor switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) 111a, 112a, 121a, 122a is well known and will be briefly described. Assuming that the DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply 3 is ⁇ Vdc, the inverter output voltage is + 2Vdc when the semiconductor switches S1 and S4 are simultaneously turned on, and becomes zero when either one is off.
- the inverter output voltage calculator 2302 calculates an inverter output voltage waveform.
- the adder 2303 obtains the difference between the output waveform of the target voltage waveform holding unit 2301 and the inverter output voltage waveform calculated by the inverter output voltage calculator 2302, and this differential signal is subjected to proportional control and integration processing by the PI compensator 2304, In the limiter 2305, the maximum value is set to a [V].
- a signal obtained by these processes is a power control phase difference control amount signal.
- the power control phase difference control amount signal is an analog amount indicating the phase difference PD between the semiconductor switches S1 and S4. The value is a [V] when the phase difference PD is zero, and 0 [V] when the maximum phase difference is ⁇ . Take.
- the comparator 2306 compares the power control phase difference control amount signal output from the limiter 2305 and the sawtooth wave signal acquired from the sawtooth wave generation circuit 2101 described above, and the output value is determined at the timing when the magnitude relationship between the two signals is switched. Output the switching waveform.
- An example of the power control phase difference control amount signal and the waveform of the sawtooth wave is shown in FIG.
- the output of the comparator 2306 is input to the C terminal of the D flip-flop circuit 2307.
- a drive signal for the switch S1 (or S2) output from the resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 is input to the D terminal.
- a waveform holding the value of the drive signal of the switch S1 (or S2) is output from the Q terminal.
- the output waveform at the Q terminal of the D flip-flop 2307 is a drive signal for the switch S3 (or S4).
- the drive signal of the switch S3 is delayed by a predetermined amount by the dead time generation circuit 25c and supplied to the switch (S3) 121a.
- the drive signal for the switch S3 is inverted by the inversion logic circuit 24b to become a drive signal for the switch S4, delayed by a predetermined amount by the dead time generation circuit 25d, and supplied to the switch (S4) 122a.
- the phase difference PD of the drive signals of the switches S1 and S4 can be controlled, and the output power of the inverter circuit unit 1 can be controlled.
- the power control phase difference control amount signal output from the limiter 2305 is transferred to the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 and input to the sample hold circuit 2103.
- the phase difference between the output voltage of the inverter circuit and the output current Iinv can be detected and controlled so that the phase difference becomes zero. It is possible to follow at a frequency that matches the resonance frequency of 4 or deviates by a predetermined value. Thereby, it is not necessary to insert a current sensor into the arm circuit of the inverter as in Patent Document 1, a surge voltage can be prevented, and a highly reliable and miniaturized phase shift inverter circuit can be provided.
- FIG. 9 shows an inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 and a resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 according to the second embodiment.
- the basic structure of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, but the internal configuration of the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 is different.
- the output of the fundamental voltage signal A generation circuit 210 of the inverter voltage is directly input to the monostable multivibrator 213a and the exclusive OR calculator 214 as shown in FIG.
- a delay adding circuit 217 is inserted after the fundamental voltage signal A generation circuit 210 of the inverter voltage.
- the delay set in the delay adding circuit 217 is, for example, a time smaller than the minimum pulse width of the inverter voltage when operating at the maximum frequency of the inverter. Note that a description of the same configuration as in the first embodiment will be omitted.
- the inverter current Iinv is controlled with a phase delayed from the inverter voltage. Therefore, when the semiconductor switch is turned on, the current has a negative polarity (that is, the current flows to the diode, ZCS can be realized. In addition, since the operating frequency of the inverter circuit follows a resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 including the load by a predetermined amount, ZCS can be realized while following the fluctuation of the resonance frequency.
- the inverter circuit of the third embodiment is an inverter circuit that realizes ZCS by controlling so that the phase of the output current Iinv is delayed with respect to the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit, as in the second embodiment.
- a difference calculator is provided in the resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 as shown in FIG. 224 is arranged. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, description of similar configurations is omitted.
- FIG. 10 shows an inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 and a resonance frequency tracking frequency control circuit 22 according to the third embodiment.
- the difference from the first and second embodiments is that a difference calculator 224 is added after the amplifier 221.
- the difference calculator 224 calculates the difference between the output of the amplifier 221 and the target value and inputs it to the PI compensator 222.
- the inverter voltage and the inverter current are always controlled to reach a certain target value, so that the inverter current Iinv has a phase delayed by a predetermined value with respect to the inverter voltage and achieves ZCS. be able to. Further, since the operating frequency of the inverter circuit follows at a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 including the load by a predetermined amount, it is possible to follow fluctuations in the resonance frequency.
- the inverter circuit of the fourth embodiment is controlled so that the phase of the output current Iinv is delayed with respect to the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit as in the second embodiment, thereby realizing ZCS.
- the internal configuration of the inverter drive circuit unit 2 is different from those of the first and second embodiments.
- the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 is input with the inverter current detection signal, the S1 and S3 drive signals, and the power control phase difference control amount.
- the fourth embodiment As shown in FIG.
- the inverter current detection signal and all drive signals S1 to S4 are input, and the power control phase difference control amount is not input to the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21. Accordingly, the internal configurations of the inverter voltage / phase difference calculation circuit 21 and the fundamental voltage signal A ′ generation circuit 218 of the inverter voltage are different from those of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows the configuration of the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are examples of waveforms of the input signal, inverter voltage, and signals at points A ′, B, and C ′ shown in FIG. 12. A dotted line indicates a case where the phase difference is further expanded.
- FIG. 14 shows the configuration of an inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit 218.
- the logic of the S1 drive signal and the S4 drive signal is based on the drive signals of the semiconductor switches (S1 to S4) 111a, 112a, 121a, 122a.
- An output signal of the product 2181a and an output signal of the logical product 2181b of the S2 drive signal and the S3 drive signal are obtained. These are input to the Set-Reset flip-flop circuit 2182 and the dead time generation circuit 2183 causes a delay corresponding to the dead time to obtain the fundamental voltage signal A ′ of the inverter voltage.
- the fundamental voltage signal A 'of the inverter voltage in the present embodiment is a signal having a duty of 50% that is inverted at the timing when the inverter voltage is positive and negative from the zero voltage as shown in FIG.
- the inverter current can always be controlled with a phase delayed from the inverter voltage. realizable.
- the operating frequency of the inverter circuit can follow the fluctuation at a frequency higher by a predetermined amount than the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 4 including the load.
- the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit 218 of the present embodiment has a smaller number of elements than the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A generation circuit 21 of the second to third embodiments. can do. Therefore, ZCS can be achieved with a simple and miniaturized inverter circuit with a small number of elements.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the inverter circuit of the fifth embodiment.
- the basic structure of the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the fourth embodiment, but the inside of the inverter drive circuit unit 2 is different.
- drive signals of all the switches (S1 to S4) 111a, 112a, 121a, 122a are input to the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21, but in the fifth embodiment, Only the drive signal of the switch (S4) 122a is input to the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21. Accordingly, the internal configuration of the inverter voltage / phase difference calculation circuit 21, that is, the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit 218 is different from that of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 shows a configuration of an inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit 218 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit 218 includes only a dead time generation circuit 2183 that generates a predetermined time OFF time for the drive signal of the switch (S4) 122a. That is, in the fifth embodiment, the fundamental voltage signal A ′ of the inverter voltage is not generated from the drive signals of all the switches S1 to S4, but is generated based only on the drive signal of S4. Assuming that there is no dead time and simplifying the logical expression for generating the fundamental voltage signal A ′ of the inverter voltage using a Boolean algebra or a Carnot diagram, it becomes equal to the drive signal of S4. Was used. Since dead time actually exists, taking this into account, the dead time generation circuit 2183 delays the rise of the drive signal of S4 for a predetermined time, and forms the dead time to generate the fundamental signal A ′ of the inverter voltage To do.
- the fundamental wave signal A 'of the inverter voltage can be generated with a simple circuit configuration as compared with the fourth embodiment. Therefore, ZCS can be achieved with an inverter circuit that has a smaller number of elements and is simpler and smaller than the inverter circuit of the fourth embodiment.
- the operating frequency of the inverter circuit can follow the fluctuation of the resonance frequency at a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 including the load by a predetermined amount.
- FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of the inverter circuit of the sixth embodiment.
- the inverter circuit of the sixth embodiment is basically the same operation as that of the fifth embodiment, and generates the fundamental wave signal A ′ of the inverter voltage based only on the drive signal of the semiconductor switch (S4) 122a. .
- the fundamental wave signal A ′ is formed by inputting the S4 drive signal to the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21 and forming the dead time in the S4 drive signal by the dead time generation circuit 2183.
- the S4 drive signal after passing through the dead time generation circuit 25d is taken into the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21.
- the S4 drive signal to which the dead time has already been added can be taken into the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21, so that the fundamental voltage signal A ′ generation circuit 218 of the inverter voltage is shown in FIG. There is no need to arrange a dead time generation circuit.
- the operating frequency of the inverter circuit follows the fluctuation of the resonance frequency at a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 including the load by a predetermined amount.
- the output of the dead time generation circuit 25d is also input to the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculation circuit 21. Therefore, the impedance between the dead time generation circuit 25d and the semiconductor switch 122a is different from the impedance between the semiconductor switches (S1 to S3) 111a, 112a, 121a and the dead time generation circuits 25a to 25c. Therefore, it is desirable to take measures so that the dead impedance generators 25a, 25b, 25c, and 25d and the semiconductor switches 111a, 112a, 121a, and 122a have the same impedance. For example, a method of using the inverter voltage / current phase difference calculating circuit 21 as a high impedance input is conceivable. As a result, it is possible to prevent a malfunction caused by the drive signal of the semiconductor switch in the inverter becoming unbalanced.
- the fundamental signals A and A ′ of the inverter voltage are generated based on the drive signals of the semiconductor switches (S1 to S4) and the power control phase difference control amount.
- various other methods are conceivable for generating the fundamental signals A and A 'of the inverter voltage.
- the fundamental wave signal A of the inverter voltage it may be a waveform with a pulse width of 50% and a pulse width having the same center as the center of the positive pulse width of the inverter output voltage.
- the inverter voltage is a signal having a duty of 50% that is inverted at the timing when the positive and negative pulses are generated from the zero voltage, the configuration is not limited to that shown in the above embodiment.
- the fundamental voltage signal A ′ of the inverter voltage shown in the fifth and sixth embodiments is a signal having a duty of 50% that is inverted at the timing when the inverter voltage generates a positive polarity pulse and a negative polarity pulse from zero voltage.
- a delay circuit may be added immediately after the last stage in the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit or immediately after the inverter voltage fundamental wave signal A ′ generation circuit.
- the inverter operating frequency is controlled to be higher than the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 4 including the load, and while achieving ZCS, the resonant frequency is achieved.
- the resonant frequency is achieved.
- a lossless snubber capacitor is connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch, ZVS can be achieved, switching loss can be greatly reduced, and a highly reliable inverter circuit can be provided.
- the X-ray high voltage apparatus 7 of the present embodiment includes a phase shift inverter circuit unit 1, a DC power supply 3, a control circuit 73, a current detector 5, and a high voltage transformer. 71 and a rectifier circuit 72.
- An X-ray tube 8 is connected to the rectifier circuit 72.
- the control circuit 73 includes an inverter drive circuit unit 2, a filament heating circuit 731 and an anode drive circuit 732. As the inverter circuit unit 1 and the inverter drive circuit unit 2, any of the inverter circuits of the first to sixth embodiments described above is used.
- the DC power source 3 is connected to the phase shift type inverter circuit unit 1, and the high frequency voltage that is output from the DC power source 3 is insulated and converted into a high voltage by the high voltage transformer 71, and then rectified by the rectifier circuit 72 to obtain the DC voltage. Generate.
- the DC high voltage output from the rectifier circuit 72 is applied to the X-ray tube 8 and is irradiated to the subject as X-rays.
- the voltage and current applied to the X-ray tube 8 are respectively input to the control circuit 73 in the X-ray high voltage apparatus 7 as detected values.
- a current sensor 5 that detects an output current of the phase shift inverter circuit unit 1 is connected to the inverter drive circuit unit 2 of the control circuit 73 to drive a semiconductor switch in the phase shift inverter circuit unit 1.
- the operations and configurations of the phase shift inverter circuit unit 1 and the inverter drive circuit unit 2 are the same as those described in the first to sixth embodiments.
- the filament heating circuit 731 heats the filament of the X-ray tube 8. Thereby, in the X-ray tube 8, thermoelectrons jump out of the heated filament and collide with the anode to generate heat and X-rays. Since the anode with which the thermal electrons collide has a very large heat capacity, an anode having a general structure in which the heat capacity is increased by rotating the anode itself and dispersing energy can be used.
- the anode of the X-ray tube 8 is enclosed in a vacuum vessel, and the isolated anode is rotated by applying a rotating magnetic field from the outside of the vacuum vessel.
- the anode drive circuit 732 is a circuit that supplies electric power for generating a rotating magnetic field.
- the X-ray high voltage apparatus 7 configured in this way receives the setting of the tube voltage and tube current supplied to the X-ray tube 8 from the operator, and controls the inverter circuit unit 1 so that the control circuit 73 becomes a set value.
- the tube voltage and tube current settings have a wide range of 100 k ⁇ to 28 M ⁇ when simply replaced with equivalent resistances such as 80 kV, 800 mA or 140 kV, 5 mA.
- the high voltage transformer 71 has an inductance component due to the characteristics of the transformer, and also has a stray capacitance of the winding in order to have high insulation and a high turns ratio, that is, a capacitance component, and therefore has a resonance point.
- the rectifier circuit 72 not only a full-wave rectifier including only a diode but also a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, a full-wave multiple booster circuit, and the like have been put into practical use. In the case of such a circuit configuration, since the capacitor is included, the resonance circuit is further complicated.
- the load of the inverter circuit unit 1 is a combined circuit of a high voltage transformer 71, a rectifier circuit 72, and an X-ray tube 8. Its impedance has a wide range and the resonance frequency varies depending on the set X-ray conditions. .
- the inverter drive circuit unit 2 generates the fundamental wave signal of the inverter voltage and the inverter current, and the inverter operating frequency follows the resonance frequency.
- the inverter operating frequency is higher than the resonance frequency so that the inverter current has a phase delayed from the inverter voltage. Therefore, ZCS is achieved in the inverter circuit section 1. Further, if a lossless snubber capacitor is connected to the semiconductor switch, ZVS can also be achieved, switching loss can be greatly reduced, and a highly reliable X-ray high voltage device can be provided.
- FIG. 20 is an overall configuration diagram of an X-ray CT apparatus 301 to which the present invention is applied.
- This apparatus includes a scan gantry unit 300 and a console 320.
- the scan gantry unit 300 includes an X-ray tube 8, a rotating disk 302, a collimator 303, an X-ray detector 306, a data collection device 307, a bed 305, a gantry control device 308, a bed control device 309, And an X-ray high-voltage device 7.
- the X-ray tube 8 is a device that irradiates the subject mounted on the bed 305 with X-rays.
- the collimator 303 is a device that controls the irradiation range of X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 8.
- the X-ray detector 306 is a device that detects the X-rays that are disposed to face the X-ray tube 8 and pass through the subject.
- the rotating disk 302 includes an opening 304 into which the subject mounted on the bed 305 enters, and also includes a driving unit that mounts the X-ray tube 8 and the X-ray detector 306 and rotates around the subject.
- the X-ray detector 306 has a configuration in which a plurality of (for example, 1000) detection elements are arranged in the rotation direction (also referred to as channel direction) of the rotating disk 302.
- the plurality of detection elements may be arranged in multiple rows (for example, 64 rows) in the rotation axis direction (also referred to as the slice direction) of the rotary disk 302 when the rotation direction is one row. .
- the X-ray high voltage device 7 is a device that supplies a tube voltage and a tube current supplied to the X-ray tube 8, and uses the X-ray high voltage device 7 of the seventh embodiment.
- the data collection device 307 is a device that converts the X-rays detected by the X-ray detector 306 into a predetermined electrical signal.
- the gantry control device 308 is a device that controls the rotation of the rotary disk 302.
- the bed control device 309 is a device that controls the vertical movement and back-and-forth movement of the bed 305 (movement of the rotating disk 302 in the direction of the rotation axis).
- the console 320 includes an input device 321, an image arithmetic device 322, a display device 325, a storage device 323, and a system control device 324.
- the input device 321 is a device for inputting a subject name, examination date and time, imaging conditions, and the like, specifically a keyboard, a pointing device, and the like.
- the image calculation device 322 is a device that performs calculation processing on the measurement data sent from the data collection device 307 and performs CT image reconstruction.
- the image calculation device 322 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes calculation processing or a dedicated processing device. It is an arithmetic circuit.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the display device 325 is a device that displays the CT image created by the image calculation device 322, and specifically, is a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), a liquid crystal display, or the like.
- the storage device 323 is a device that stores the data collected by the data collection device 307 and the image data of the CT image created by the image calculation device 322, and is specifically an HD (Hard Disk) or the like.
- the system control device 324 is a device that controls these devices, the gantry control device 308, the bed control device 309, and the X-ray high voltage device 7.
- the X-ray tube 8 is supplied with the tube current and the tube voltage controlled by the X-ray high voltage device 7 so that the imaging conditions (tube voltage, tube current, etc.) input from the input device 321 are satisfied. Irradiate. Since the configuration of the X-ray high voltage apparatus 7 is as described in the seventh embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here.
- X-rays irradiated from the X-ray tube 8 and transmitted through the subject are detected by an X-ray detection element provided in the X-ray detector 306.
- the rotating disk 302 rotates the X-ray tube 8 and the X-ray detector 306 so that X-rays are irradiated and detected from each direction of the subject.
- the rotational speed of the rotating disk 302 is controlled by the gantry control device 308 so as to satisfy the imaging conditions (scanning speed, etc.) input from the input device 321.
- the bed 305 moves the subject in the body axis direction under the control of the bed control device 309, and imaging conditions (such as a helical pitch) input from the input device 321. It works to be.
- the output signal of the X-ray detector 306 is collected by the data collection device 307.
- the projection data collected by the data collection device 307 is sent to the image calculation device 322.
- the image arithmetic device 322 reconstructs the projection data to obtain a CT image.
- the reconstructed CT image is displayed on the display device 325 and stored in the storage device 323 as image data together with the imaging conditions.
- the switching loss in the X-ray high voltage apparatus is small and the load fluctuation can be tracked.
- An X-ray CT apparatus capable of stable operation with high efficiency can be provided.
- the X-ray imaging apparatus 405 of the present embodiment is installed across the operation room 401 and the imaging room 402 of the X-ray examination room.
- An operation room 401 and an imaging room 402 in an X-ray examination room in a hospital are separated by a protective wall 403 against X-rays.
- the protective wall 403 is provided with a window 404 made of lead glass.
- the main configuration of the X-ray imaging apparatus 405 is installed in the imaging room 402. Specifically, the X-ray tube 8, the X-ray tube support device 410, the collimator 411, the X-ray image receiving devices 412a and 412b, the X-ray high voltage device 7 and the control device 413 are respectively in predetermined positions. is set up.
- the X-ray tube 8 is an apparatus that generates X-rays that irradiate a subject.
- the X-ray high voltage device 7 supplies the set tube voltage and tube current to the X-ray tube 8. Since the X-ray high voltage apparatus 7 is the apparatus of the seventh embodiment, the detailed structure is omitted here.
- the X-ray tube support device 410 has an L-shaped expansion / contraction part 415 having a structure that can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction of the drawing in FIG. An X-ray tube 8 is held at the L-shaped end of the telescopic portion 415.
- the X-ray tube support device 410 is attached to a rail 417 disposed on the ceiling 416.
- the X-ray tube support device 410 has a structure that can move along the rail 417 in the left-right direction in FIG.
- the collimator 411 determines an X-ray irradiation field.
- the X-ray image receiving devices 412a and 412b are devices that receive X-rays that have passed through the subject, and two in this embodiment are arranged.
- One X-ray image receiving device 412a is for imaging the subject in a standing position
- the other X-ray image receiving device 412b is for imaging with the subject lying down.
- the standing X-ray image receiving apparatus 412a includes an imaging cassette 419 containing a film and an imaging plate, and a support base 420 that supports the imaging cassette 419.
- the X-ray image receiving apparatus 412b for the supine position includes an imaging table 422 and an imaging cassette 421 containing a film and an imaging plate arranged therein.
- the X-ray tube 8 and the collimator 411 are disposed sideways toward the standing X-ray image receiving device 412a, and the lying X-ray image receiving device 412a is placed.
- the X-ray image receiving device 412b is used, the X-ray tube 8 and the collimator 411 are directed downward so that X-rays are irradiated toward the X-ray image receiving device 412b.
- the operation device 406 is installed in the operation room 401.
- the operation device 406 includes an operation console 407 and a support base 408 that supports the operation console 407.
- the console 407 includes an operation unit that receives setting of imaging conditions such as tube voltage, tube current, and imaging time of the X-ray tube 8 from an operator, and a display unit.
- the display unit displays the received setting conditions and images received by the X-ray image receiving apparatuses 412a and 412b.
- the console 407 is provided with a switch for operating the X-ray high voltage apparatus 7, an operation button for adjusting the opening / closing amount of the collimator 411, and the like.
- the control device 413 controls each of the above devices and controls display of images received by the X-ray image receiving devices 412a and 412b.
- the control device 413 has a built-in storage device, and stores shooting conditions and shot images.
- the switching loss in the X-ray high voltage apparatus is small and the load fluctuation can be tracked, so that energy efficiency Therefore, it is possible to provide an X-ray imaging apparatus that is capable of stable operation.
- semiconductor switch 111b, 112b, 121b, 122b ... diode, 210 ... fundamental signal of inverter voltage A generation circuit, 211 ... High pass filter, 212, 2106 ... Comparator, 213a, 213b, 2102 ... Monostable multivibrator, 214 ... Exclusive OR operator, 215a, 215b, 2181a, 2181b ... Logical product Arithmetic unit, 216, 224, 2104a, 2104b ... adder, 217 ... delay addition circuit, 218 ... inverter voltage base Wave signal A 'generation circuit, 221,2105 ... Amplifier, 222 ... PI compensator, 223 ...
- VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
- 300 Scan gantry, 302 ... Rotary disk, 303 ... Collimator, 305 ... Bed, 306 ... X-ray Detector, 307 ... Data collection device, 308 ... Gantry control device, 309 ... Bed control device, 320 ... Console, 321 ... Input device, 322 ... Image operation device, 323 ... Storage device, 324 ... System control device, 325 ... Display device 401 ... Operation room 402 ... Photography room 403 ... Protective wall 404 ... Window 405 ... X-ray imaging device 406 ... Operator 407 ... Console console 408 ... Support stand 410 ... X-ray tube support Device, 411 ...
- Collimator 412a, 412b ... X-ray image receiving device, 413 ... Control device, 415 ... Telescopic part, 416 ... Ceiling, 417 ... Rail, 419 ... Cassette for photographing, 420 ... Supporting base, 421 ... Cassette for photographing, 422 ... Imaging stand, 731 ... Filament heating circuit, 732 ... Anode drive circuit, 2101 ... Sawtooth wave generation circuit, 2103 ... Sample hold Circuit, 2107 ... D flip-flop circuit, 2182 ... Set-Reset flip-flop circuit
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Abstract
Description
第1の実施形態のインバータ回路の概略図を図2に、その駆動信号等の波形を図3(a),(b)に示す。
第1の実施形態では、インバータ動作周波数を共振周波数に一致させるための回路構成について説明した。第2の実施の形態では、インバータ回路の出力電圧の位相に対して出力電流Iinvの位相が遅れるように制御することにより、図1(b)に示したように、半導体スイッチをオンする時点で、電流が負極性を持つ(すなわちダイオードへ流れ、スイッチには流れない)ようにし、ZCSを実現するための回路構成について説明する。この場合、インバータ回路の動作周波数は、共振回路4の共振周波数よりわずかに高い状態でこれに追従する。
第3の実施形態のインバータ回路は、第2の実施形態と同様にインバータ回路の出力電圧の位相に対して出力電流Iinvの位相が遅れるように制御し、ZCSを実現するというインバータ回路であるが、第2の実施形態のようにディレイ追加回路217をインバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21に配置するのではなく、図10に示したように共振周波数追従周波数制御回路22の内部に差分演算器224を配置する。他の構成は、第1の実施形態と同様であるので同様な構成については説明を省略する。
第4の実施形態のインバータ回路は、図11に示すように、第2の実施形態と同様にインバータ回路の出力電圧の位相に対して出力電流Iinvの位相が遅れるように制御し、ZCSを実現するというインバータ回路であるが、インバータ駆動回路部2の内部構成は第1及び第2の実施形態とは異なる。第1の実施形態では、インバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21へは、インバータ電流検出信号、S1及びS3駆動信号、そして電力制御位相差制御量を入力としていたが、第4の実施形態では、図11のようにインバータ電流検出信号、S1~S4全ての駆動信号を入力としており、電力制御位相差制御量はインバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21へ入力しない構成である。これに伴い、インバータ電圧・位相差算出回路21及びインバータ電圧の基本波信号A’生成回路218の内部構成が第1の実施形態と異なる。
図15に、第5の実施形態のインバータ回路のブロック図を示す。第5の実施形態は、第4の実施形態と基本的な構造は同様であるが、インバータ駆動回路部2の内部が異なる。第4の実施形態では、インバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21へは、すべてのスイッチ(S1~S4)111a,112a,121a,122aの駆動信号を入力しているが、第5の実施形態ではスイッチ(S4)122aの駆動信号のみをインバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21に入力としている。これに伴い、インバータ電圧・位相差算出回路21での内部構成すなわちインバータ電圧の基本波信号A’生成回路218が第4の実施形態と異なる。
図17に、第6の実施形態のインバータ回路のブロック図を示す。第6の実施形態のインバータ回路は、第5の実施形態と基本的には同様の動作であり、インバータ電圧の基本波信号A’を半導体スイッチ(S4)122aの駆動信号のみを基に生成する。ただし、第5の実施形態では、S4駆動信号をインバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21に入力し、デッドタイム生成回路2183によってS4駆動信号にデッドタイムを形成することにより基本波信号A'を形成したが、第6の実施形態では、デッドタイム生成回路25dを通った後のS4駆動信号をインバータ電圧・電流位相差算出回路21に取り込む。
第7の実施形態として、これまで述べた第1~第6の実施形態を用いたX線高電圧装置について、図19を用いて説明する。
第8の実施形態として、上記第7の実施形態のX線高電圧装置を用いたX線CT(Computer Tomography)装置について、図20を用いて説明する。
第9の実施形態として、上記第7の実施形態のX線高電圧装置を用いたX線撮影装置について、図21を用いて説明する。
Claims (10)
- ダイオードが並列かつ逆向きにそれぞれ接続された2つの半導体スイッチを直列接続したアーム回路を2つ並列接続したインバータ回路部と、
前記インバータ回路の前記各半導体スイッチに駆動信号を与えるインバータ駆動回路部とを有し、
前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記2つのアーム回路の中点に接続された負荷回路への出力電流と出力電圧の位相差を求め、その位相差がゼロまたは所定値となるように前記各半導体スイッチへの駆動信号の位相を制御することにより、前記インバータ回路部の動作周波数を前記負荷回路の共振周波数に追従させることを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。 - 請求項1に記載の位相シフト型インバータ回路において、前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記出力電流が前記出力電圧よりも所定値だけ遅れた位相となるように前記各半導体スイッチの駆動信号の位相を制御することを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。
- ダイオードが並列かつ逆向きにそれぞれ接続された2つの半導体スイッチを直列接続したアーム回路を2つ並列接続したインバータ回路部と、
前記インバータ回路の各半導体スイッチに駆動信号を与えるインバータ駆動回路部とを有し、
前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記2つのアーム回路の中点に接続された負荷回路への出力電力の動作周波数を求め、該動作周波数が前記負荷回路の共振周波数よりも所定値だけ高い周波数となるように前記各半導体スイッチへの駆動信号の位相を制御することを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。 - 請求項1または3に記載の位相シフト型インバータ回路において、前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記インバータ回路部の4つの半導体スイッチの予め定めた対となる半導体スイッチへの駆動信号の位相差を調整することにより、前記インバータ回路部の出力電力を制御することを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。
- 請求項1または3に記載の位相シフト型インバータ回路において、前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記出力電圧の正極性のパルス幅の中心と等しい中心を持つパルス幅で所定のデューティーの基本波信号を生成する回路を備え、これを用いて前記駆動信号を生成することを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。
- 請求項1または3に記載の位相シフト型インバータ回路において、前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記出力電圧がゼロ電圧から正極性及び負極性パルスに転じるタイミングで反転する所定のデューティーの基本波信号を生成する回路を備え、これを用いて前記駆動信号を生成することを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。
- 請求項1に記載の位相シフト型インバータ回路において、前記インバータ駆動回路部は、前記出力電流と出力電圧の位相差を求める際に、前記出力電流として前記2つのアーム回路の中点と負荷回路との間で検出した電流の位相を用い、前記出力電圧の位相として前記駆動信号の位相を用いることを特徴とする位相シフト型インバータ回路。
- 直流電源出力を高周波交流出力に変換する位相シフト型インバータ回路と、該インバータ回路の高周波交流出力を高電圧出力に変換する高電圧変圧器と、該高電圧変圧器の出力を整流しX線管に直流電力を供給する整流回路と、制御回路とを備えたX線高電圧装置において、
該制御回路は、前記X線管のフィラメントを加熱するフィラメント加熱回路と、X線管の陽極を回転駆動する陽極回転駆動回路とを含み、
前記インバータ回路は、請求項1ないし7のうちいずれか1項記載の位相シフト型インバータ回路であることを特徴とするX線高電圧装置。 - 被検体を挿入する開口を備えた円盤と、円盤の前記開口を挟んで対向する位置にそれぞれ搭載されたX線管およびX線検出器と、前記X線管に直流電力を供給するX線高電圧装置と、被検体を搭載して前記円板の開口に挿入する寝台と、前記円盤を回転させる回転駆動部とを有し、
前記X線高電圧装置は、請求項8に記載のX線高電圧装置であることを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - X線管と、被検体を透過したX線を検出するX線受像部と、前記X線管に直流電力を供給するX線高電圧装置とを有し、
前記X線高電圧装置は、請求項8に記載のX線高電圧装置であることを特徴とするX線撮影装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2010053108A1 (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
US8588371B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
CN102204077B (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
CN102204077A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
US20110222651A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
JP5588875B2 (ja) | 2014-09-10 |
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