WO2010035327A1 - ソフトカプセルの製造方法 並びにその製造装置 - Google Patents
ソフトカプセルの製造方法 並びにその製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010035327A1 WO2010035327A1 PCT/JP2008/067407 JP2008067407W WO2010035327A1 WO 2010035327 A1 WO2010035327 A1 WO 2010035327A1 JP 2008067407 W JP2008067407 W JP 2008067407W WO 2010035327 A1 WO2010035327 A1 WO 2010035327A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- capsule
- soft capsule
- drying
- skin
- Prior art date
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- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 60
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 60
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 58
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical class [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 58
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L [(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[[(1r,3s,4r,5r,8s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-4-[[(1r,3r,4r,5r,8s)-8-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-( Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H]4OC[C@H]3O[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]1O)OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H]2O ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 46
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 22
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to "pharmaceuticals”, “specialized health foods”, “so-called health foods” and a method for producing soft capsules widely used in foods, particularly without using gelatin which is an animal raw material,
- the present invention mainly relates to a method for producing a soft capsule having a skin portion using starch, which is a vegetable raw material, and a production apparatus therefor.
- soft capsules are mainly made of gelatin made from bones and skins of cows, pigs, etc., and are manufactured using a rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine. Widely used.
- BSE Bovine Spondiform Encepralopany
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a technique for encapsulating a combination of carrageenan gum and mannan gum, which are gelling agents, without using gelatin. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique regarding a capsule using ⁇ carrageenan. Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for capsules using ⁇ carrageenan and ⁇ carrageenan. Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that ⁇ carrageenan gives high viscosity but does not become a gel.
- Non-Patent Document 1 states that “when ⁇ - or ⁇ -carrageenan is dispersed in water and heated to about 60 ° C. or higher, the carrageenan molecule dissolves in a random coil shape. As the solution is cooled, a double helix is formed, which becomes a junction zone and gelation begins. " Because of such physical properties, when forming an encapsulated film using ⁇ carrageenan and ⁇ carrageenan, the temperature of the encapsulated film sheet is at least about 20 to 30 ° C. higher than when gelatin is used as the encapsulated film. Must be heated at. For this reason, the heat load on the capsule contents is large and there is a problem in quality, and the heat energy efficiency is also poor.
- an encapsulated film sheet Can be encapsulated without applying heat load to the capsule contents at the same level as the conventional gelatin sheet (segment temperature: usually 35 to 50 ° C.), and there is an advantage that heat energy efficiency is improved.
- segment temperature usually 35 to 50 ° C.
- soft capsules having a non-animal-derived capsule shell using starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer, and water are manufactured by a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine (for example, Patent Documents 5 to 6).
- a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine for example, Patent Documents 5 to 6.
- the moisture content of the capsule skin solution must be reduced to reduce the drying load.
- the water content is reduced in this way, the air dissolved in the capsule shell solution becomes difficult to escape in the defoaming process, and a bubble-poor capsule is formed in which bubbles that are visually visible remain on the capsule shell sheet. I had a problem.
- the present invention has been made in recognition of such a background. That is, the problem of the present invention is that the conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing method adopts the capsule skin sheet drying method by medium wavelength infrared irradiation, and the moisture content of the capsule skin sheet can be freely adjusted by enhancing the drying capacity.
- the method for producing a soft capsule according to claim 1 supplies the skin sheet in a face-to-face state between a pair of die rolls, and joins the skin sheet by the butt action of the die rolls, and the contents are matched to the joint.
- the outer skin sheet is dried by medium wavelength infrared rays before being subjected to bonding by a pair of die rolls.
- the sheet is characterized by being formed into a sheet having a substantially constant thickness, moderate viscosity, and moisture content.
- the outer skin portion contains starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer and water as a constituent component composition of the raw material. It is characterized by being formed.
- the wavelength of the medium wavelength infrared ray irradiated for drying the skin sheet is 0.8 to 4.0 ⁇ m. It is characterized by this.
- the method for producing a soft capsule according to claim 4 is characterized in that the skin sheet is moisture in a stage where it is fed between a pair of die rolls by drying by infrared irradiation with medium wavelength. It is characterized in that the content is preferably dried to 19-29%, more preferably 21-27%.
- the soft capsule manufacturing method according to the fifth aspect is provided with at least two stages of irradiation with medium-wavelength infrared rays when drying the outer skin sheet. In each step, both sides of the skin sheet are dried by separately irradiating one side of the skin sheet.
- the method for producing a soft capsule according to claim 6 is characterized in that the outer skin portion is in a liquid stage before drying, and the water is contained in 100 parts by weight of starch.
- the blending amount is set to 90 to 160 parts by weight.
- the said outer skin part is a liquid stage before drying, with respect to 100 weight part of starch, It contains 5 to 25 parts by weight of ⁇ carrageenan, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of metal salt, 3 to 100 parts by weight of dextrin, 20 to 80 parts by weight of plasticizer, and 90 to 160 parts by weight of water. is there.
- a soft capsule manufacturing apparatus that interposes between die rolls by a butting action of a sheet forming portion that forms a substantially constant thickness outer shell sheet from a molten shell raw material and a pair of die rolls having molding protrusions.
- the sheet forming section is provided with a drying device having a medium wavelength infrared heater, and the outer sheet is irradiated with medium wavelength infrared light from the heater, thereby providing a substantially constant thickness.
- the sheet is sent to the capsule forming part in a state where it is formed into an outer sheet having an appropriate viscosity and moisture content.
- the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus has a wavelength of medium-wavelength infrared rays radiated to the outer sheet from the medium-wavelength infrared heater of the drying device is 0.8 to 4.0 ⁇ m. It is characterized by being.
- the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus further includes a spreader box that discharges the melted outer shell material in a sheet state having a substantially constant thickness. And a casting drum that cools the outer sheet discharged from the spreader box, and drying of the outer sheet by the drying device is performed by irradiating the outer sheet positioned on the casting drum with medium wavelength infrared rays.
- the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus is provided with an irradiation surface of the skin sheet when the outer skin sheet is separately taken out from the casting drum into a transfer path and subjected to double-sided drying.
- air is flowed from the upstream side to the downstream side in the sheet transfer direction, and a support for supporting the outer sheet from below is provided.
- ⁇ carrageenan When the present inventors first add a certain amount of metal salt to ⁇ carrageenan that does not gel and make it weakly acidic, ⁇ carrageenan has a suitable viscosity and elasticity, and forms soft capsules.
- the present inventors have found that a composition suitable for the above can be obtained, and completed a non-animal-derived capsule shell using a plant material that has not been used conventionally and a soft capsule having the same.
- a capsule capsule sheet drying method using mid-wavelength infrared irradiation has been incorporated into a more general rotary die-type automatic soft capsule manufacturing method, and a new capsule that can freely adjust the moisture content of the capsule shell sheet by enhancing the drying capacity.
- a manufacturing technique has been developed to arrive at the present invention.
- the soft capsule manufacturing method of the present invention In the production of conventional soft capsules mainly composed of gelatin, plasticizer and water, not only can the capsule skin sheet adhesive surface be uniformly dried to an appropriate moisture content, In the manufacture of soft capsules having non-animal derived capsule shells using starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salts, dextrins, plasticizers and water, In order to improve the defoaming property and fluidity of the capsule shell solution, the amount of water added is large (90 to 160 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of starch) and the capsule shell solution is charged with a low viscosity.
- the adhesive surface of the capsule skin sheet can be uniformly dried to an appropriate moisture content without unevenness, and the productivity, cost, and quality can be improved, such as prevention of capsule foam failure and increased capsule filling speed.
- the outer skin part of the non-animal-derived soft capsule produced by the soft capsule production apparatus of the present invention is formed by blending starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer and water as a component composition, and before drying.
- the amount of water is preferably 90 to 160 parts by weight, more preferably 95 to 150 parts by weight, especially 100 parts by weight of starch in the skin liquid stage (in the solution stage before drying the skin part).
- the amount is preferably 100 to 140 parts by weight. If it is 90 parts by weight or less, it is difficult to remove air dissolved in the capsule shell solution with high viscosity, and in the defoaming process, air is not sufficiently defoamed. It becomes easier to form.
- the fluidity of the capsule shell solution is deteriorated, which hinders the increase in capsule filling speed, which is not preferable.
- it is 160 parts by weight or more, the capsule skin sheet becomes too soft, and it is difficult to peel off from the casting drum.
- the viscosity of 90 to 160 parts by weight of water based on 100 parts by weight of starch ( ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin and plasticizer are not added) is 10% in concentration. It is 3000 to 13000 cps (low viscosity) measured at 75 ° C. after being dissolved at a temperature of 85 to 95 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the viscosity of 60 to 90 parts by weight of water ( ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin and plasticizer are not blended) is 10% in concentration. After dissolving at a temperature of 85 to 95 ° C. for 6 hours, it is 13000 to 35000 cps (high viscosity) measured at 75 ° C. The viscosity was measured using a B-type viscometer manufactured by Tokimec Co., Ltd.
- the metal salt that is the outer skin component of the non-animal derived soft capsule manufactured by the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is an organic acid metal salt such as sodium succinate, potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, One type or a combination of two or more types selected from the group consisting of inorganic metal salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride. Among these, a combination of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride is preferably used.
- the compounding ratio of the metal salt is 1 to 3 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride with respect to 100 parts by weight of starch in the skin liquid stage before drying (in the solution stage before drying the skin part).
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight and potassium chloride is 0.08 to 0.12 parts by weight.
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 1 part by weight or less, ⁇ carrageenan cannot have an appropriate viscosity and elasticity, and a suitable soft capsule cannot be formed.
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 3 parts by weight or more because ⁇ carrageenan may be hydrolyzed.
- ⁇ carrageenan is an anionic polymer, it has the property of being solubilized and transparent in the presence of cations (H + , Na + ). ing.
- a weakly acidic metal salt such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate is added to ⁇ carrageenan, which is an anionic polymer, so that an appropriate viscosity (adhesiveness) can be obtained without hydrolysis.
- Non-Patent Document 1 states that “when ⁇ - or ⁇ -carrageenan is dispersed in water and heated to about 60 ° C. or higher, the carrageenan molecules dissolve in a random coil shape. When this solution is cooled, a double helix is formed, which becomes a junction zone and gelation begins. " Because of these physical properties, when forming an encapsulated film using ⁇ carrageenan and ⁇ carrageenan, encapsulation is performed more than when gelatin is used as the encapsulated film (segment temperature: usually 35 to 50 ° C.). The coated sheet must be heated at a temperature at least as high as 20-30 ° C.
- ⁇ carrageenan has an appropriate viscosity and elasticity by adding a certain amount of metal salt to ⁇ carrageenan that does not gel, and completed a non-animal derived soft capsule. Therefore, unlike ⁇ carrageenan and ⁇ carrageenan, when forming an encapsulated film with ⁇ carrageenan, the capsule content at the same segment temperature as when gelatin is used (segment temperature: usually 35-50 ° C) There are advantages such as being able to be encapsulated without subjecting an object to excessive heat load and good thermal energy efficiency.
- Starch that is a constituent component of the non-animal derived soft capsule manufactured by the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is one or more selected from the group consisting of raw starch, HP-modified starch, acid-treated starch and pregelatinized starch. It is a combination.
- the HP-modified starch which is a starch derivative is a hydroxypropyl etherified starch, and any HP-modified starch sold on the market can be used.
- trade name TR-3 manufactured by Tokai Starch Co., Ltd. trade name Matsutani Yuri, Finex 600 manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name Delica KH manufactured by Nissho Chemical Co., Ltd., etc.
- trade name TR-3 manufactured by Tokai Starch Co., Ltd. trade name Matsutani Yuri
- trade name Delica KH manufactured by Nissho Chemical Co., Ltd., etc. can be applied.
- the pregelatinized starch which is a starch derivative, is a cold water soluble starch that is gelatinized (dissolved) at room temperature.
- a cold water soluble starch that is gelatinized (dissolved) at room temperature.
- Tapioca Alpha-TP-2 manufactured by Sanwa Starch Co., Ltd. can be applied.
- the plasticizer that is the outer skin component of the non-animal derived soft capsule manufactured by the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is glycerin, sugar alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, isomaltoligosaccharide, etc. is there.
- the blending ratio of the plasticizer is 20 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 40 to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of starch in the outer skin solution stage before drying.
- ⁇ carrageenan When the present inventors first add a certain amount of metal salt to ⁇ carrageenan that does not gel and make it weakly acidic, ⁇ carrageenan has a suitable viscosity and elasticity, and forms soft capsules.
- the present inventors have found that a composition suitable for the above can be obtained, and completed a non-animal-derived capsule shell using a plant material that has not been used conventionally and a soft capsule having the same.
- a new soft capsule manufacturing method that allows the moisture content of the capsule skin sheet to be freely adjusted by adopting the capsule skin sheet drying method using medium-wavelength infrared irradiation in the rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing method and enhancing the drying capacity.
- the present invention has been developed.
- the soft capsule manufacturing method of the present invention In the production of conventional soft capsules mainly composed of gelatin, plasticizer and water, not only can the capsule skin sheet adhesive surface be uniformly dried to an appropriate moisture content, In the production of a soft capsule having a non-animal derived soft capsule shell using starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer and water, In order to improve the defoaming property and fluidity of the capsule shell solution, the amount of water added is large (90 to 160 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of starch) and the capsule shell solution is charged with a low viscosity.
- the adhesive surface of the capsule skin sheet can be uniformly dried to an appropriate moisture content without unevenness, and the productivity, cost, and quality can be improved, such as prevention of capsule foam failure and increased capsule filling speed.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of a filling machine showing double-sided drying in which four stages of transfer paths for drying by mid-wavelength infrared irradiation are provided so that the front and back surfaces of the outer sheet can be dried (irradiated) twice each. It is a front view which shows the Example which supported the outer skin sheet
- the best mode for carrying out the present invention includes one described in the following examples, and further includes various methods that can be improved within the technical idea.
- the basic structure of the soft capsule 1 according to the present invention will be described, and then an example of an apparatus for manufacturing the soft capsule 1 (present apparatus) will be described.
- an apparatus for manufacturing the soft capsule 1 present apparatus
- a method for producing a soft capsule which is the method of the present invention
- the component composition of the capsule shell will be described in detail while actually showing.
- the basic structure of the soft capsule 1 is formed, for example, as shown in FIG.
- contents N materials for appropriate purposes such as foods, seasonings (seasoning oils), cosmetics, bathing agents, miscellaneous goods (toys, adhesives, etc.) can be used in addition to pharmaceuticals.
- the encapsulated state includes a liquid form, a gel form, a granular body, or a state in which these are appropriately mixed, for example, a powder-containing suspension in which powder is mixed in a liquid. Is possible. In the following description, a case where the liquid content N is mainly stored will be described.
- the outer skin part 2 can be based on animal-derived gelatin as in the past, but here, as described above, it is mainly composed of plant-derived starch, and specifically, Consists of starch, lambda carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer, and water. The specific composition of these components will be described later.
- a soft capsule manufacturing apparatus 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as a filling machine 10) for manufacturing such a soft capsule 1 will be described.
- a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine can be diverted (followed), and as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, it is a raw material for forming a molten outer shell material (a raw material material for forming the outer skin portion 2). 2A), the contents N are encapsulated by the outer sheet S by joining the formed outer sheet S and the sheet forming part 11 which is formed into a sheet having an appropriate thickness while drying.
- a capsule forming part 12 for wrapping, a content supply part 13 for feeding the content N in accordance with the joining of the outer skin sheet S, and a capsule take-out part 14 for taking out the formed soft capsule 1 from the filling machine 10. is there.
- the present invention is characterized in that the sheet forming unit 11 is provided with a drying device 15 using medium-wavelength infrared irradiation, and the drying ability is remarkably improved as compared with the conventional manufacturing method.
- the sheet forming unit 11 This is a part that solidifies and forms the melted skin raw material 2A into a sheet shape, and supplies two molded skin sheets S to the joined portion (between a pair of die rolls) in a joined state, as an example. A pair is provided on the left and right with the capsule forming part 12 in between.
- the sheet forming unit 11 includes a spreader box 21 that discharges the melted skin material 2A in a substantially constant thickness sheet state, and a casting drum 22 that cools the skin sheet S discharged from the spreader box 21.
- the outer sheet S is formed into a sheet having an appropriate thickness while being cooled to an appropriate temperature.
- dissolving the skin raw material 2A is mentioned later.
- the drying device 15 is for drying the skin sheet S solidified in a sheet form from the skin raw material 2A and adjusting the moisture content to a desired level.
- the reason why the moisture content is adjusted by applying such drying to the outer sheet S is to enhance the adhesion (bondability) between the sheets in the subsequent bonding.
- the skin sheet S is dried by separately irradiating both sides of the skin sheet S with medium wavelength infrared rays. Yes (this is double-sided drying).
- the surface not directly attached to the casting drum 22 is first dried (this is referred to as front surface drying for convenience), and then the surface directly attached to the casting drum 22 is dried (this) For the sake of convenience) If these front side drying / back side drying are viewed from another point of view, the surface corresponding to the outer side of the capsule in the state of the soft capsule 1 is finally the front side drying, and the surface corresponding to the inner side of the capsule, that is, the contents. Drying of the surface in direct contact with N is back surface drying.
- the outer sheet S is peeled off from the casting drum 22 and dried while being transported separately by the feed roll 23, and this transport path is denoted by 24. That is, the transfer path 24 for both the front surface drying and the back surface drying is formed by inverting the front and back of the outer sheet S by the feed roll 23, and maintains a certain distance from above the sheet (front and back). Then, the medium wavelength infrared ray is irradiated. For this reason, each transfer path 24 is provided with a medium wavelength infrared heater 25 that emits medium wavelength infrared light, and a reflector 26 is provided below the heater with a skin sheet S interposed therebetween. Also on the side, some drying action is intended to improve thermal efficiency.
- seat S also receives heating by mid-wavelength infrared irradiation simultaneously with drying, it tends to cause thermal deformation during drying (the heater temperature is about 900 ° C. as an example). That is, since the outer sheet S is always pulled in the feeding direction (transfer direction) by the transfer, it is easily deformed so as to extend in the feed direction (longitudinal direction) by heating, and the width direction (depth direction) orthogonal thereto. ) Is easy to deform so as to shrink. Since the elongation in the longitudinal direction is likely to appear as a sag due to the weight of the skin sheet S itself, a support body 27 such as a roller is provided below the skin sheet S in order to prevent this sag.
- a support body 27 such as a roller is provided below the skin sheet S in order to prevent this sag.
- the reference numerals (A and B) added to the transfer path 24, the medium wavelength infrared heater 25, and the like are those acting on the surface on which they act, that is, on the front side of the skin sheet S. “A” is applied to the back side, and “B” is attached to it.
- the surface of the outer skin sheet S (that is, the irradiation surface of the medium wavelength infrared rays) is blown along the air.
- This blowing is performed in the same direction as the sheet feeding direction, that is, from the upstream side to the downstream side in the transport direction. Accordingly, the outer sheet S is appropriately cooled, the air flow in the transfer path 24 is stabilized (a kind of rectifying action), and deformation such as sagging can be further prevented.
- the air blowing body 28 provided on the upstream side is of a slit nozzle type that is elongated in the width direction of the outer sheet S, and air along the sheet surface is uniformly distributed from the opening.
- the air suction body 29 provided on the downstream side is formed so that the opening is larger than the air blowing body 28 and can be sucked in a wide range. Further, as described above, the temperature of the transfer path 24 and the outer sheet S tends to increase during drying, and therefore, a thermometer 30 is provided below the medium wavelength infrared heater 25 (directly below the outer sheet S). It is considered that temperature management can be performed.
- the cover 31 that can be moved up and down on the side surface portion of the drying device 15 so as to actively block the irradiation light from the medium wavelength infrared heater 25.
- two slits 32 in the vertical direction are formed in the cover 31 in advance, and the apparatus frame (dryer main body 15A) is formed through the slits 32.
- the butterfly bolt 33 is screwed, and the cover 31 is moved up and down by tightening (screwing) / loosing (releasing) the butterfly bolt 33, and fixing. Further, it is preferable to provide a cover 34 as shown in FIG. 3 at a portion where the transfer path 24 is reversed, that is, a portion where the air blowing body 28 and the air suction body 29 are provided. This is because the inside of the apparatus main body 15A is partitioned from the external space (manufacturing room) to be a partitioned space.
- the cover 34 shown in FIG. 3 is formed of a transparent material so that the inside can be seen from the outside during manufacture, and is formed so as to be horizontally rotatable in a folded state so that it can be folded compactly. .
- the portion described above becomes the sheet forming portion 11, and thereafter, the capsule forming portion 12 is provided on the side to which the outer sheet S is supplied, and the feed roll is relayed between the two forming portions. 37 is provided. That is, the outer sheet S having an appropriate moisture content by the sheet forming unit 11 (drying device 15) is sent to the capsule forming unit 12 while passing between the plurality of feed rolls 37 in a zigzag manner.
- this includes a pair of left and right die rolls 38 as main members, and one of these die rolls 38 is fixed, and the other is configured to be able to approach and separate from the fixed die roll 38. Is done.
- Each die roll 38 is provided with a molding recess 39 having an appropriate shape on its surface and a molding projection 40 on its peripheral edge.
- a soft capsule 1 having a substantially spindle shape or a substantially spheroid shape is provided.
- the molding recess 39 can be formed in an oval shape with a recessed central portion.
- the shrinkage of the soft capsule 1 after the capsule molding becomes more intense than in the case where gelatin is the major component. Is formed. Then, the pair of die rolls 38 rotate in a state where the molding protrusions 40 substantially match each other, so that the outer sheet S supplied to the nesting state is drawn between the die rolls 38 while being brought into contact with each other in a timely manner and stitched around the capsule. (Joining) is performed.
- the liquid N is assumed as the content N to be accommodated (covered) in the outer skin portion 2, the injection pressure (hydraulic pressure) when the content N is fed toward the outer skin S ),
- the outer sheet S can be expected to be deformed along the molding recess 39. Therefore, the pocket part P which receives the content N can be naturally formed in the outer sheet
- the outer sheet S sent between the die rolls 38 is actively sucked by suction from the suction holes 41 formed in the bottom of each molding recess 39, and the inclusion liquid N is received.
- the pocket portion P is curved in advance.
- the pocket portion P can be formed by embossing the outer sheet S before the contents N are supplied. is there.
- the present applicant has already applied for a patent and has obtained a patent (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2111257 (Patent No. 3211148)). And gelatin manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus thereof).
- the content supply unit 13 will be described. This is to supply the contents N such as liquid to the outer sheet S before the completion of the sewing around the capsule in accordance with the bonding of the outer sheet S.
- a projecting segment 44 formed so as to sufficiently enter between the die rolls 38 as a main member.
- the content supply unit 13 is provided with a stock solution hopper 45 in the upper portion, and stores the stock solution (contents N) therein.
- a pump unit 46 is provided below the undiluted solution hopper 45. The pump unit 46 is appropriately combined with a plurality of plungers, and the contents N are injected from a plurality of paths at a predetermined timing, pressure, etc. It is discharged from the segment 44 to the outer sheet S via the delivery pipe 47.
- the capsule take-out part 14 for taking out the soft capsule 1 after molding will be described below the die roll 38.
- the soft capsule 1 after molding often fits in the molding concave portion 39 of the die roll 38, and therefore, the scraping brush 50 provided so as to come into contact with the die roll 38.
- the soft capsule 1 thus scraped off is conveyed to the front surface of the filling machine 10 by a pair of forward conveyors 51 provided along the rotational axis direction of the die roll 38 (see FIG. 1).
- a blank sheet S ′ after punching the soft capsule 1 is sandwiched from both sides and fed downward as it is between the pair of forward conveyors 51. Is adjustable).
- the free roller 52 is configured such that the soft capsule 1 remaining on the blank sheet S ′ can be discharged onto one of the forward conveyors 51 in consideration of the fact that the soft capsule 1 may remain on the blank sheet S ′. It is preferable that Moreover, after the soft capsule 1 is conveyed to the front surface of the filling machine 10 by the advance conveyor 51, the soft capsule 1 is further transferred to another conveyor 53 and conveyed to the next drying step.
- the two outer sheets S are fed between the pair of die rolls 38, and at a predetermined timing from the segment 44 positioned above them.
- Content N is supplied. That is, the two skin sheets S supplied to the die roll 38 are individually stitched around the capsule (around the molding recess 39) one by one by the abutting action of a large number of molding protrusions 40 provided on the peripheral surface thereof. go.
- the outer sheet S is subjected to a pressure of, for example, about 150 to 200 kg by the molding protrusion 40, the stitched portion is effectively glued and stitched.
- the soft capsule 1 in which the surrounding sewing has been completed is taken out from the molding recess 39, the blank sheet S ′, etc. as described above, and then dried.
- a tumbler dryer rotary drum dryer
- the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus 10 (filling machine 10) of the present invention has the basic structure as described above.
- the embodiment of manufacturing the soft capsule 1 by the filling machine 10 will be described, and the method of the present invention will also be used.
- a method for producing a certain soft capsule will be described.
- the aspect which mixes the skin component component (skin raw material 2A) of the soft capsule 1, and supplies it to the filling machine 10 is demonstrated.
- a method using a bucket-type heating and melting pot and a method of continuously supplying by an extruder, both of which are also used in the present invention.
- a method using a bucket-type heating and melting pot will be described here.
- the heating and dissolving step for melting the outer shell raw material 2A is performed by adding starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer and water in a heating and dissolving kettle. Under a pressure of 0.3 MPa (usually 0.2 MPa), stirring at a rotational speed of 50 to 70 rpm and a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C. (usually 110 ° C.) and a time of 60 to 100 minutes (usually 80 minutes) Dissolve by heating.
- the defoaming process which consists of two steps is performed.
- the defoaming process in the first stage is performed with a defoaming pressure of ⁇ 400 to ⁇ 600 mmHg (usually ⁇ 500 mmHg), degassing pressure in a gauge pressure notation with a defoaming temperature of 100 to 110 ° C. (usually 105 ° C.) and an atmospheric pressure of 0 (zero).
- the foaming time is 15 to 70 minutes (usually 30 minutes). At this time, for the first 5 to 15 minutes (usually 10 minutes), the rotation speed of the stirrer is rotated at 10 rpm, and then the deaeration is performed with the stirrer stopped.
- the defoaming process in the second stage is performed by raising the defoaming temperature to 110 to 130 ° C. (usually 120 ° C.) and the defoaming pressure in the gauge pressure notation with the atmospheric pressure set to 0 (zero). Defoaming is performed with a defoaming time of 10 to 20 minutes (usually 15 minutes).
- the vacuum melting pot used in the heating and melting step and the defoaming step is not particularly limited.
- a trade name: high viscosity vacuum stirrer manufactured by Shoyu Machinery Co., Ltd., model: SY-HMD-200
- a vacuum pump used for a defoaming process For example, a water seal type
- the obtained outer raw material 2A in a solution state is transferred to a pressure-resistant subdivision tank and heated and stored at 60 to 90 ° C. (usually 75 ° C.) for about 12 to 24 hours.
- the skin raw material 2A is extruded from a subdivision tank under a pressure of 0.01 to 0.1 MPa (usually 0.05 MPa), It is stored in the spreader box 21 of the filling machine 10. Further, by adjusting the gap between the casting drum 22 and the spreader box 21, an outer sheet S having a constant thickness is created. The temperature of the casting drum 22 at this time is maintained at a constant temperature of 17 to 22 ° C. (normal temperature is 20 ° C.) by air cooling or water cooling.
- the filling chamber humidity (manufacturing chamber humidity) at this time is maintained at a constant humidity of 20 to 26% RH (usually 23% RH), and the filling chamber temperature (manufacturing chamber temperature) is 22 to 27 ° C. (usually 25 ° C.). C)) is preferably maintained at a constant temperature.
- the outer sheet S discharged from the spreader box 21 is placed on the casting drum 22 and rotated about 3/4 yen (about 270 degrees), and then peeled off from the casting drum 22 and formed on the upper side thereof. It is sent to the path 24 where it undergoes both-side drying by mid-wavelength infrared irradiation. That is, the outer sheet S sent out from the casting drum 22 is first dried by the medium wavelength infrared heater 25A while passing through the transfer path 24A, and then reversed by the feed roll 23, and the next. In this case, the back surface (inside the capsule) is dried by the medium wavelength infrared heater 25B, whereby both sides of the outer sheet S are dried.
- the moisture content of the outer sheet S is preferably 19 to 29%, more preferably 21 to 27% by the medium wavelength infrared energy radiated from the medium wavelength infrared heater 25.
- the moisture content is particularly preferably 23 to 25% (the water content is measured by Shimadzu Corporation trade name: MOISTURE BALANCE, model: MOC-120H). This is because when the moisture content of the skin sheet S is 19% or less or 29% or more, the adhesiveness between the skin sheets S tends to decrease, which is not preferable.
- the wavelength of the medium wavelength infrared ray emitted from the medium wavelength infrared heater 25 is preferably 0.8 to 4.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 2.5 to 2.7 ⁇ m.
- any medium wavelength infrared heater 25 may be used as long as the wavelength of the emitted medium wavelength infrared ray satisfies the above conditions and is sold on the market.
- trade name: medium wavelength infrared heater manufactured by Heraeus Co., Ltd., model number: MBS 1600/250 can be applied.
- the reflection plates 26A and 26B are provided below the medium wavelength infrared heaters 25A and 25B, the outer skin sheet S that is being dried passes between the medium wavelength infrared heater 25 and the reflection plate 26. As a result, the thermal efficiency is improved.
- the outer sheet S is easily deformed by the heat from the heater during drying, but in this embodiment, the support 27 such as a roller prevents sagging due to heat.
- air is flowed on the irradiation surface of the outer sheet S in the same direction as the sheet transfer direction, an excessive increase in the sheet temperature is prevented.
- the skin sheet S thus dried and adjusted to an appropriate water content is then fed into the capsule forming part 12 (between the die rolls 38) via the feed roll 37 and joined there. Further, along with this, the contents N are supplied to the skin sheet S at the joining portion, and the soft capsule 1 containing the contents N is formed in the skin part 2. As described above, the soft capsule 1 formed in this manner is fitted into the molding recess 39 of the die roll 38 or remains in the blank sheet S ′, and is thus taken out and dried.
- the capsule filling speed is usually represented by the number of rotations of the die roll 38 (die) (rpm: revolution per minute).
- the rotational speed of the die roll 38 (mold) is increased by the drying device 15 by the medium wavelength infrared irradiation.
- the moisture content of the outer sheet S can be adjusted, it is possible to increase the productivity by increasing the number of rotations of the die roll 38 (mold).
- the present invention has the above-described embodiment as one basic technical idea, but the following modifications can be considered. That is, in the embodiment described above, the transfer paths 24A and 24B acting on the front and back surfaces of the outer sheet S are separately formed, and the medium wavelength infrared heaters 25A and 25B are irradiated with the medium wavelength infrared rays in these. The both sides of the skin sheet S were dried. However, when the skin sheet S can be sufficiently dried to the inside of the sheet only by irradiation from one side, it may be dried by either one of the transfer paths 24A and 24B.
- the drying can be performed by single-sided drying, it is possible to dry the outer sheet S without providing the transfer path 24 separately.
- a dry form for example, as shown in FIG. 6, in the vicinity of the casting drum 22 (here, a position rotated about 1 ⁇ 4 yen (about 90 degrees) after being discharged from the spreader box 11), A wavelength infrared heater 25 is provided, and drying is performed when the outer sheet S is placed on the casting drum 22 (before being peeled from the casting drum 22).
- the filling machine 10 shown in FIG. 6 is suitable for manufacturing a soft capsule 1 mainly composed of conventional gelatin. If gelatin is the main component, it may be possible to sufficiently dry even if it does not have a drying capability as high as that of the medium wavelength infrared ray. This is because the conventional dry form, that is, the form in which only one side of the capsule skin sheet S (the outside of the capsule) is dried with only the casting drum 22 (water content is 19 to 23%) can be obtained. It may seem that the single-sided drying on the casting drum 22 is similar to a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine.
- the non-animal-derived skin sheet S containing starch, ⁇ carrageenan, metal salt, dextrin, plasticizer and water can be sufficiently dried, and the adhesiveness of the skin sheet S can be enhanced. It is also possible to freely dry both surfaces of the outer sheet S.
- the transfer passages 24A and 24B shown in FIG. 1 are further formed in the filling machine 10 shown in FIG. 6, and the drying (single-sided drying) on the casting drum 22 and the transfer passage are performed. It is possible to perform both of taking out to 24 and drying (double-sided drying). Furthermore, when a higher drying capacity is required, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the transfer path 24 in double-sided drying is formed in three or more stages, and for example, the front surface and the back surface are dried twice each. It is possible to do it one by one.
- the medium-wavelength infrared heater 25 is provided in three or more stages as described above, it is not always necessary to operate (operate) the medium-wavelength infrared heater 25 at all stages for drying. Naturally, it is possible to allow only necessary portions to act in accordance with the composition components of the outer shell raw material 2A and the desired moisture content value to be dried.
- the roller is applied as the support 27 that receives the skin sheet S irradiated with the medium wavelength infrared rays from below.
- the support 27 is not necessarily limited to the roller.
- a conveyor or the like can also be applied. Note that the conveyor here is naturally driven at substantially the same transfer speed as the outer sheet S.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to more detailed examples.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples, and vegetable oils, animal oils, combinations of vegetable oils and animal oils, and various fats and oils. It can be applied to all those that can be encapsulated with a mixture of various fats and oils such as suspension oils containing animal and plant extracts and extract powders.
- the evaluation items and the evaluation methods used in the comparative examples and examples will be described.
- the rotation speed of the stirrer is rotated at 10 rpm, and then the deaeration is performed with the stirrer stopped.
- the defoaming temperature is raised to 120 ° C., and the defoaming pressure is degassed in a gauge pressure notation of ⁇ 500 mmHg with a defoaming time of 15 minutes.
- the obtained soft capsule skin solution was transferred to a small tank and stored at 75 ° C. for about 15 hours for use.
- a filling machine a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine was used.
- the obtained soft capsule skin solution was discharged from a spreader box and spread on casting drums on both sides of the filling machine to form a sheet (outer skin sheet).
- the outer skin sheet was guided to a filling machine, and immediately after the contents (mixture of 70% by weight of MCT and 30% by weight of lecithin) were filled, a soft capsule was obtained by pressure bonding with a die (die roll).
- Example 1 The capsule shell components shown in Table 1 are placed in a heating and melting pot, and heated and dissolved at a melting temperature of 110 ° C. for 80 minutes while stirring at a rotational speed of 50 to 70 rpm under a pressure of 0.2 MPa. Next, the defoaming process which consists of two steps is performed. The defoaming process in the first stage is performed at a defoaming temperature of 105 ° C. and a defoaming pressure of ⁇ 500 mmHg and a defoaming time of 30 minutes in terms of gauge pressure with the atmospheric pressure being 0 (zero).
- the rotation speed of the stirrer is rotated at 10 rpm, and then the deaeration is performed with the stirrer stopped.
- the defoaming temperature is raised to 120 ° C., and the defoaming pressure is degassed in a gauge pressure notation of ⁇ 500 mmHg with a defoaming time of 15 minutes.
- the obtained soft capsule skin solution (shell material 2A) was transferred to a small tank and stored at 75 ° C. for about 15 hours for use.
- the soft capsule manufacturing machine provided with the drying apparatus 15 by medium wavelength infrared irradiation which is an apparatus of the present invention was used.
- the obtained solution-like skin raw material 2A was spread on a casting drum 22 on both sides of the filling machine 10 to form a sheet (skin sheet S). While the skin sheet S is dried to a moisture content of 24% by the medium wavelength infrared heater 25, the skin sheet S is guided to the filling machine 10, and the contents (mixture of 70% by weight of MCT and 30% by weight of lecithin are mixed). Immediately after filling, a soft capsule 1 was obtained by pressure bonding with a die (die roll 38).
- Medium wavelength infrared heater manufactured by Heraeus Co., Ltd., model number: MBS1600 / 250): wavelength 2.6 ⁇ m ⁇ Segment temperature: 45 °C ⁇ Die roll rotation speed: 3.0rpm ⁇
- Comparative Example 1 when the moisture content of the capsule shell raw material is 80 parts by weight with a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine (die roll rotation speed: 1.5 rpm), the air dissolved in the skin solution It was difficult to come out and the capsule bubble defect rate increased.
- Comparative Example 2 when the moisture content of the capsule shell raw material is 110 parts by weight in a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine (die roll rotation speed: 1.5 rpm), the process is removed from Comparative Example 1. Although the foamability was improved and the foam defect rate was low, there was a capsule in which the capsule adhesiveness was poor and the capsule contents (mixture of 70% by weight of MCT and 30% by weight of lecithin) leaked.
- Comparative Example 3 the same amount of moisture in the capsule shell raw material as in Comparative Example 2 was 110 parts by weight, and the rotary speed of the die roll was increased from 1.5 rpm to 3.0 rpm with a conventional rotary die type automatic soft capsule manufacturing machine.
- the capsule adhesive surface did not adhere sufficiently, and the capsule contents (mixture of 70% by weight of MCT and 30% by weight of lecithin) leaked immediately after the capsule formation, and the liquid leakage rate was high.
- Example 1 when the soft capsule manufacturing apparatus (filling machine) 10 of the present invention is used, the die roll rotation speed is doubled from 1.5 to 3.0 rpm as compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3. However, the soft capsule 1 with a low bubble defect rate, very good adhesion, and no liquid leakage can be produced.
- the difficulty when the starch is the main component as the outer skin raw material 2A (difficulty compared with the case where the gelatin is the main component) will be described.
- starch is the main component
- a long transfer path 24 is simply formed to dry for a long time. It is not enough to just do it. That is, drying involves deformation due to heat.
- the transfer path 24 is formed longer, the tension (pulling force) applied to the outer sheet S is increased by that much (the longer it is formed). This is because the soft capsule 1 in a completed state is easily deformed.
- the size of the molded concave portion 39 of the die roll 38 is substantially the same as that of the completed soft capsule 1 (when gelatin is the main component, the completed soft capsule 1 is substantially equal to the molded concave portion 39.
- the soft capsule 1 in which starch is the main component formed in the same size
- the two-dot chain line in the figure it shrinks by about 10% to 30), making it much more difficult to manufacture compared to the case where gelatin is the main component.
- the present invention can be used in the fields of “pharmaceuticals”, “special health foods”, “so-called health foods” and foods, as well as in industrial fields such as those containing industrial preparations depending on the selection of contents. it can.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、近年、BSE(Bovine Spondiform Encepralopany ;牛海綿状脳症)の発生が報告されて以来、動物性のゼラチンを使用せずに非動物由来の素材を用いたソフトカプセル外皮の開発に注目が集まっている。
だが、そのように水分配合量を少なくすると、カプセル外皮溶液中に溶け込んだエアが脱泡工程で抜けにくくなり、カプセル外皮シートに目視で視認可能な気泡が残ってしまう泡不良のカプセルが形成される課題を抱えていた。
また、従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造機を用い、水分配合量を少なくして乾燥負荷を減らしたとしても、その高粘度なカプセル外皮溶液の供給は、時間をかけて行う必要があり、ソフトカプセルの充填速度を上げると、カプセル外皮シート製造工程における乾燥能力が追随できないだけでなく、カプセル外皮溶液の供給が間に合わず、生産性向上の妨げにもなっていた。
すなわち、本発明の課題は、従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造手法に、中波長赤外線照射によるカプセル外皮シート乾燥手法を採り入れ、乾燥能力を増強してカプセル外皮シートの水分含量を自在に調整可能とした新たなカプセル製造手法を開発することにより、
従来のゼラチン、可塑剤及び水を主成分とするソフトカプセルの製造において、カプセル外皮シート接着面を均一に適度な水分含量に乾燥できるだけでなく、
澱粉、λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤及び水を用いた非動物由来カプセル外皮を有するソフトカプセルの製造において、
カプセル外皮溶液の脱泡性、流動性を向上させるために水分配合量を多く(澱粉100重量部に対し、90~160重量部)して低粘度でカプセル外皮溶液を仕込んでも、
カプセル外皮シートの接着面を均一にムラなく適度な水分含量に乾燥でき、カプセル泡不良の防止、カプセル充填速度アップなど生産性、コスト面、品質性を向上させた新たな製造方法並びにその製造装置を提供することである。
すなわち、請求項8の発明はκカラギーナンやιカラギーナンが含まれていても、λカラギーナンへの金属塩添加の作用効果を阻害するものではないことを特徴とする。
そして、更に一般的なロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造手法に、中波長赤外線照射によるカプセル外皮シート乾燥手法を採り入れ、乾燥能力を増強してカプセル外皮シートの水分含量を自在に調整可能とした新たなカプセル製造手法を開発して本発明に至った。
本発明のソフトカプセル製造手法によれば、
従来のゼラチン、可塑剤及び水を主成分とするソフトカプセルの製造において、カプセル外皮シート接着面を均一に適度な水分含量に乾燥できるだけでなく、
澱粉、λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤及び水を用いた非動物由来カプセル外皮を有するソフトカプセルの製造において、
カプセル外皮溶液の脱泡性、流動性を向上させるために水分配合量を多く(澱粉100重量部に対し、90~160重量部)して低粘度でカプセル外皮溶液を仕込んでも、
カプセル外皮シートの接着面を均一にムラなく適度な水分含量に乾燥でき、カプセル泡不良の防止、カプセル充填速度アップなど生産性、コスト面、品質性を向上させることができる。
一方、澱粉100重量部に対し、水配合量60~90重量部の粘度(λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤の配合は無し)は、濃度10%。温度85~95℃で6時間溶解させた後75℃で測定して13000~35000cps(高粘度)である。なお、粘度は、株式会社トキメック製のB型粘度計を用いて測定した。
金属塩の配合比率は、乾燥前の外皮液段階で(外皮部を乾燥させる前の溶液段階で)、澱粉100重量部に対して、リン酸二水素ナトリウムが、1~3重量部及び塩化カリウムが、0.05~0.2重量部で好適に用いられる。更に好ましくはリン酸二水素ナトリウムが、1.5~2.5重量部及び塩化カリウムが、0.08~0.12重量部である。リン酸二水素ナトリウムが、1重量部以下だと、λカラギーナンに適度な粘性と弾力性が得られず、好適なソフトカプセルを形成することができない。一方、リン酸二水素ナトリウムが3重量部以上だと、λカラギーナンが加水分解する可能性があるため好ましくない。
本発明者らは、ゲル化することのないλカラギーナンに一定量の金属塩を加えることによってλカラギーナンに適度な粘性と弾力性が得られることを見出した。その金属塩添加の作用効果は必ずしも明らかではないが、リン酸二水素ナトリウムと塩化カリウムを加えた時の例を示す。なお、本発明のソフトカプセル製造装置で製造される非動物由来ソフトカプセルは、本事例に限定されるものではなく、κカラギーナンやιカラギーナンが含まれていても、λカラギーナンへの金属塩添加の作用効果を阻害するものではない。
(1) リン酸二水素ナトリウムなどの弱酸性金属塩の機能
λカラギーナンは陰イオン性高分子であるので、陽イオン(H+ 、Na+ )存在下で可溶化し透明になるという性質を持っている。この陰イオン性高分子であるλカラギーナンにリン酸二水素ナトリウムなどの弱酸性金属塩を加え、加水分解が起きずに適度な粘性(接着性)が得られるようにする。
(2) 塩化カリウム、クエン酸カリウムなどの金属塩の機能
弱酸性下にある陰イオン高分子であるλカラギーナンに、塩化カリウムなどでK+ (カリウムイオン)を供給することにより、K+ を中心として、陰イオン性高分子であるλカラギーナンが、錯体のようなものを形成して弾力性を増強する。
(3) 澱粉の機能
シートが適度な粘性(接着性)と弾力性を有する溶融状態で、糊化された澱粉が、澱粉糊作用によるシール性を有するために、(i) 金型(後述するダイロール)による圧着、(ii)澱粉糊による溶着によりソフトカプセルが形成される。
しかし、本発明者らは、ゲル化することのないλカラギーナンに一定量の金属塩を加えることによってλカラギーナンに適度な粘性と弾力性を持つことを見出し、非動物由来ソフトカプセルを完成させた。そのため、κカラギーナン、ιカラギーナンとは異なり、λカラギーナンでカプセル化皮膜を形成する際には、ゼラチンを用いる際(セグメント部温度:通常35~50℃)と同程度のセグメント部温度で、カプセル内容物に過度な熱負荷をかけることなくカプセル化でき、熱エネルギー効率が良いなどの利点がある。
ここで、澱粉誘導体であるHP化澱粉とは、ヒドロキシプロピルエーテル化澱粉であり、市場に販売されているHP化澱粉であればいずれのものでも使用することが出来る。例えば東海澱粉株式会社製の商品名TR-3、松谷化学工業株式会社製の商品名松谷ゆり、ファイネックス600、日澱化学株式会社製の商品名デリカKHなどが適用できる。また同じく澱粉誘導体であるα化澱粉とは、常温で糊化(溶解)する冷水可溶性澱粉であり、例えば三和澱粉工業株式会社製の商品名タピオカアルファーTP-2が適用できる。
そして、更にロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造手法に、中波長赤外線照射によるカプセル外皮シート乾燥手法を採り入れ、乾燥能力を増強してカプセル外皮シートの水分含量を自在に調整可能とする新たなソフトカプセル製造手法を開発して本発明に至った。
本発明のソフトカプセル製造手法によれば、
従来のゼラチン、可塑剤及び水を主成分とするソフトカプセルの製造において、カプセル外皮シート接着面を均一に適度な水分含量に乾燥できるだけでなく、
澱粉、λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤及び水を用いた非動物由来ソフトカプセル外皮を有するソフトカプセルの製造において、
カプセル外皮溶液の脱泡性、流動性を向上させるために水分配合量を多く(澱粉100重量部に対し、90~160重量部)して低粘度でカプセル外皮溶液を仕込んでも、
カプセル外皮シートの接着面を均一にムラなく適度な水分含量に乾燥でき、カプセル泡不良の防止、カプセル充填速度アップなど生産性、コスト面、品質性を向上させることができる。
2 外皮部
2A 外皮原料
10 ソフトカプセル製造装置(充填機)
11 シート成形部
12 カプセル成形部
13 内容物供給部
14 カプセル取出部
15 乾燥装置
15A 乾燥装置本体
21 スプレダーボックス
22 キャスティングドラム
23 フィードロール
24 移送路
24A 移送路(オモテ面側)
24B 移送路(ウラ面側)
25 中波長赤外線ヒーター
25A 中波長赤外線ヒーター(オモテ面側)
25B 中波長赤外線ヒーター(ウラ面側)
26 反射板
26A 反射板(オモテ面側)
26B 反射板(ウラ面側)
27 支持体
28 エア吹出体
29 エア吸込体
30 温度計
31 カバー
32 スリット
33 蝶ボルト
34 カバー
37 フィードロール
38 ダイロール
39 成形凹部
40 成形突起
41 吸引孔
44 セグメント
45 原液ホッパ
46 ポンプユニット
47 デリバリーパイプ
50 掻取ブラシ
51 前送コンベヤ
52 フリーローラ
53 コンベヤ
N 内容物
P ポケット部
S 外皮シート
S′ ブランクシート
なお、説明にあたっては、まず本発明に係るソフトカプセル1の基本構造について説明した後、このソフトカプセル1を製造する装置(本発明装置)の一例について説明する。次いで、この装置の作動態様について説明しながら、併せて本発明方法であるソフトカプセルの製造方法について説明し、更にカプセル外皮の成分組成を実際に示しながら詳細に説明する。
ソフトカプセル1の基本構造は、例えば図4に示すように、薬液等の内容物Nを外皮部2で被覆して成るものである。
ここで内容物Nとしては、医薬品の他、食品、調味料(調味油)、化粧品、入浴剤、雑貨(玩具・接着剤等)など適宜の目的の材料を用いることができる。また、その内包状態(収容状態)としては、液体状の他、ゲル状、粉粒体、あるいは適宜これらを混入した状態、例えば液体中に粉体を混合させた粉体含有懸濁液等とすることが可能である。なお以下の説明においては、主に液体状の内容物Nを収容する場合について説明する。
一方、外皮部2は、従来のように、動物由来のゼラチンを基材とすることも可能であるが、ここでは上述したように植物由来の澱粉を主成分とするものであり、具体的には澱粉、λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤、及び水から成るものである。なお、これらの具体的な成分組成等については後述する。
次に、このようなソフトカプセル1を製造するソフトカプセル製造装置10(以下、単に充填機10とする)について説明する。充填機10としては、従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造機が流用(踏襲)でき、一例として図1に示すように、溶融状態の外皮原料(外皮部2を形成する原料素材であることに因み、2Aと付す)を乾燥しながら適宜の厚さのシート状に形成するシート成形部11と、成形した外皮シートSを拝み合わせ状態に接合することによって外皮シートSで内容物Nをカプセル状に包むカプセル成形部12と、外皮シートSの接合に合わせて内容物Nを送り込む内容物供給部13と、形成されたソフトカプセル1を充填機10から取り出すカプセル取出部14とを具えて成るものである。なお、本発明では、シート成形部11に、中波長赤外線照射による乾燥装置15を設け、従来の製造手法に比べ乾燥能力を格段に向上させた点が大きな特徴である。以下、各構成部について説明する。
シート成形部11は、溶融状態の外皮原料2Aを、ほぼ一定の厚さのシート状態で吐き出すスプレダーボックス21と、このスプレダーボックス21から吐き出された外皮シートSを冷却するキャスティングドラム22とを具えて成り、外皮シートSはここで適宜の温度に冷やされながら適宜の厚さのシート状に成形される。なお、外皮原料2Aを溶解する手法については後述する。
なお、ここではオモテ面とウラ面との各面について4本(4基)の中波長赤外線ヒーター25を設置しているが、これらは必ずしも全て使用しなくても良く、当初の外皮原料2Aの配合や所望の乾燥水分含量値等に応じて必要な本数を用い、適切なエネルギー量を外皮シートSに照射すればよい。
なお、図中、移送路24や中波長赤外線ヒーター25等に付加した符号(末尾符号)「A」・「B」は、これらが作用する面つまり外皮シートSのオモテ面側に作用するものに「A」、ウラ面側に作用するものに「B」という符号を付したものである。
なお、本実施例では、上流側に設けられるエア吹出体28は、外皮シートSの幅方向に沿って細長状に開口されたスリットノズルタイプであり、この開口からシート表面に沿ったエアを均一に吐き出すように形成されている。一方、下流側に設けられるエア吸込体29は、開口部がエア吹出体28よりも大きく形成されており、広い範囲で吸気できるように形成されている。
また、上述したように乾燥中は移送路24や外皮シートSの温度が上昇しがちとなるため、中波長赤外線ヒーター25の下側(外皮シートSの直下方)には温度計30が設けられ、温度管理が行えるように考慮されている。
更に、移送路24が反転する部分つまりエア吹出体28やエア吸込体29が設けられる部位にも、例えば図3に示すようなカバー34を設けることが好ましく、これはカバー31、34によって、乾燥装置本体15A内が外部空間(製造室)と仕切られ、区画された空間とするためである。すなわち、燥装置本体15A内をカバー31、34によって仕切ることにより、エア吹出体28からエア吸込体29へのシート表面に沿った送風がより確実に行え(送風エアの分散が防止でき)、乾燥中の外皮シートSに埃等が付着すること等も防止できるものである。なお、図3に示すカバー34は、製造中、内部の様子が外から目視できるように透明な素材で形成され、またコンパクトに折り畳めるように中折れ状態で水平回動できるように形成されている。
また各ダイロール38には、その表面に適宜の形状の成形凹部39と、その周縁部に成形突起40が形成されるものであって、例えば、ほぼ紡錘状ないしは略回転楕円形状を呈するソフトカプセル1を成形する場合には、この成形凹部39は中央部が凹陥した長円状に形成され得る。ただ、澱粉を主成分とした本実施例の場合には、カプセル成形後のソフトカプセル1の縮みがゼラチンを主成分とした場合よりも激しくなるため、この縮みを予め考慮して、成形凹部39が形成されるものである。そして一対のダイロール38は、互いの成形突起40をほぼ合致させる状態で回転し合うことにより、ダイロール38間に拝み合わせ状態に供給される外皮シートSを引き込みながら、タイミング良く突き合わせ、カプセル周囲の縫合(接合)を行うものである。
もちろん、内容物Nを供給するまでに、外皮シートSにポケット部Pを積極的に形成することも可能であり、これが例えば図4、5に示す吸引孔41である。すなわち、この場合には、各成形凹部39の底部に形成された吸引孔41からの吸い込みにより、ダイロール38間に送り込まれてくる外皮シートSを積極的に吸引し、内包液Nを受け入れるためのポケット部Pを事前に湾曲形成しておくものである。なお、ポケット部Pを積極的に形成する他の形態としては、例えば内容物Nを供給する以前の段階で、外皮シートSにエンボス加工等を行うことによってポケット部Pを形成することも可能である。因みに、外皮シートSを吸引してポケット部Pを形成する機構については、本出願人が既に特許出願し、特許取得に至っている(特開平10-211257号(特許第3211148号)「粉粒体を内包したゼラチンカプセル並びにその製造方法並びにその製造装置」)。
内容物供給部13は、一例として図1に示すように、上部に原液ホッパ45を設け、この内部に原液(内容物N)を貯留する。そして原液ホッパ45の下方には、ポンプユニット46を設けるものであって、これは適宜、プランジャ等が多数組み合わされて成り、複数の経路から所定のタイミング、圧力等で内容物Nを噴射させ、デリバリーパイプ47を経由して、セグメント44から外皮シートSに吐き出される。
本発明のソフトカプセル製造装置10(充填機10)は、以上のような基本構造を有して成り、以下、この充填機10によってソフトカプセル1を製造する態様について説明しながら、併せて本発明方法であるソフトカプセルの製造方法について説明する。
まず、ソフトカプセル1の外皮部構成成分(外皮原料2A)を、混合して充填機10に供給する態様について説明する。
一般に、ソフトカプセル1の外皮原料2Aを混合して充填機10に供給するには、バケットタイプの加熱溶解釜を用いる手法と、エクストルーダーによって連続供給する手法とがあり、本発明においても両方を用いることができるが、ここではバケットタイプの加熱溶解釜を用いた手法について説明する。
2段階目の脱泡工程は、脱泡温度110~130℃(通常120℃)に上げ、大気圧を0(ゼロ)としたゲージ圧表記で脱泡圧力-400~-600mmHg(通常-500mmHg)、脱泡時間10~20分(通常15分)で脱泡する。
ここで、加熱溶解工程及び脱泡工程に用いる真空溶解釜としては、特に限定されないが、例えば商品名:高粘度真空撹拌機(商裕機械有限公司社製、型式:SY-HMD-200)を用いることができる。
また、脱泡工程に用いる真空ポンプとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、水封式真空ポンプ(樫山工業株式会社製、型式:LEH100Ms)を用いることができる。
なお、脱泡後、得られた溶液状態の外皮原料2Aは、耐圧用小分けタンクに移し、60~90℃(通常75℃)で約12~24時間加熱保管して用いることが好ましい。
また、このときの充填室湿度(製造室湿度)は、20~26%RH(通常23%RH)の一定湿度に維持し、充填室温度(製造室温度)は、22~27℃(通常25℃)の一定温度に維持することが好ましい。
スプレダーボックス21から吐き出された外皮シートSは、キャスティングドラム22に載って、約3/4円(約270度)程度回転した後、キャスティングドラム22から剥離され、その上方等に形成された移送路24に送られ、ここで中波長赤外線照射による両面乾燥を受ける。すなわちキャスティングドラム22から送り出された外皮シートSは、まず移送路24Aを通過する間に、オモテ面(カプセル外側)が中波長赤外線ヒーター25Aによって乾燥され、その後、フィードロール23によって反転させられ、次の移送路24Bに送られて、今度はここでウラ面(カプセル内側)が中波長赤外線ヒーター25Bによって乾燥され、これにより外皮シートSの両面が乾燥される。
因みに、単に熱風を外皮シートSに当てて乾燥した場合には、外皮シートSの表面だけが乾燥されてしまい、そのためシート内部と表面とにおいて水分含量の偏り(差)が生じ、その後の接合が良好に行えないことがあり、これは特に澱粉を主成分とした場合に顕著であった。
また、外皮シートSは乾燥中、ヒーターからの熱により変形し易いが、本実施例ではローラ等の支持体27により、熱によるたるみが防止されるものである。
また、外皮シートSの照射面には、シートの移送方向と同じ方向にエアが流されているため、シート温の過度の上昇が防止されるものである。
本発明は以上述べた実施例を一つの基本的な技術思想とするものであるが、更に次のような改変が考えられる。すなわち先に述べた実施例は、外皮シートSのオモテ面とウラ面とに作用する移送路24A・24Bを別々に形成し、これらにおいて中波長赤外線ヒーター25A・25Bから中波長赤外線を照射して、外皮シートSの両面を乾燥するものであった。しかしながら、外皮シートSの乾燥が、片側からの照射のみで充分にシート内部まで乾燥できる場合には、どちらか一方の移送路24A・24Bで乾燥を行っても良い。
もちろん、このような片面乾燥でシート内部まで均一に乾燥できる場合には、移送路24を、あえて反転形成する必要がなく、外皮シートSをキャスティングドラム22から剥離した後、接合部(一対のダイロール38間)に送り込むまでの間に、乾燥用(照射用)の移送路24を形成し、ここで中波長赤外線を照射し、乾燥することも可能である。
なお、キャスティングドラム22上での片面乾燥は、一見、従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造機と同じように思えるかも知れないが、本発明では中波長赤外線の照射であって単なる送風による乾燥ではないため、澱粉、λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤及び水を含む非動物由来の外皮シートSを充分に乾燥でき、外皮シートSの接着性を高めることができるものである。また、外皮シートSの両面を自由自在に乾燥することも可能である。
更に、より一層、高い乾燥能力が要求される場合には、例えば図7に示すように、両面乾燥における移送路24を3段階以上で形成し、例えばオモテ面とウラ面の乾燥を各々2回ずつ行うようにすることが可能である。
もちろん、このように3段階以上の多段階で中波長赤外線ヒーター25を設けた場合であっても、乾燥にあたっては、必ずしも全段階の中波長赤外線ヒーター25を作用(稼働)させる必要はなく、当初の外皮原料2Aの組成成分や乾燥調整したい所望の水分含量値に応じて、必要な部分だけを作用させることは当然可能である。
なお、比較例と実施例の説明に先立ち、比較例と実施例に用いた評価項目と評価法について説明する。
顕微鏡による目視での評価を行い、以下のように判定した。
◎:非常に良好な接着
○:接着が良い
△:接着悪い
×:接着しない
(2)液漏れ評価
カプセル1000個を12時間静置後、カプセル内容物が漏洩している「液漏れ」のカプセル球数を求めて、液漏れ率を百分率で算出した。
(3)泡不良評価
外皮シートSに目視で泡があることが確認できる泡不良のカプセルが、カプセル1000個中にある球数を求めて、泡不良率を百分率で算出した。
表1に示したカプセル外皮成分を加熱溶解釜に入れ0.2MPaの圧力下で、撹拌機の回転速度を50~70rpmで撹拌しながら、溶解温度110℃で80分間加熱溶解する。
次に2段階から成る脱泡工程を行う。1段階目の脱泡工程は、脱泡温度105℃、脱泡圧力は大気圧を0(ゼロ)としたゲージ圧表記で-500mmHg、脱泡時間30分で行う。この時、最初の10分は、撹拌機の回転速度を10rpmで回転させ、その後、撹拌機を停止した状態で脱泡する。2段階目の脱泡工程は、脱泡温度120℃に上げ、脱泡圧力は大気圧を0(ゼロ)としたゲージ圧表記で-500mmHg、脱泡時間15分で脱泡する。
脱泡後、得られたソフトカプセル外皮溶液は、小分けタンクに移し、75℃で約15時間保管して用いた。
充填機としては、従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造機を用いた。得られたソフトカプセル外皮溶液を、スプレダーボックスから吐出し、充填機の両側にあるキャスティングドラムに展延することによりシート状(外皮シート)にした。その外皮シートを充填機に誘導して、内容物(MCT70重量%、レシチン30重量%の混合物)を充填した直後に、金型(ダイロール)により圧着してソフトカプセルを得た。
〈充填条件〉
・キャスティングドラムの温度:20℃
・セグメント部温度:45℃
・ダイロール回転数:比較例1及び比較例2では1.5rpm
比較例3では3.0rpm
・充填室湿度:23%RH
・充填室温度:25℃
表1に示したカプセル外皮成分を加熱溶解釜に入れ0.2MPaの圧力下で、撹拌機の回転速度を50~70rpmで撹拌しながら、溶解温度110℃で80分間加熱溶解する。
次に2段階から成る脱泡工程を行う。1段階目の脱泡工程は、脱泡温度105℃、脱泡圧力は大気圧を0(ゼロ)としたゲージ圧表記で-500mmHg、脱泡時間30分で行う。この時、最初の10分は、撹拌機の回転速度を10rpmで回転させ、その後、撹拌機を停止した状態で脱泡する。2段階目の脱泡工程は、脱泡温度120℃に上げ、脱泡圧力は大気圧を0(ゼロ)としたゲージ圧表記で-500mmHg、脱泡時間15分で脱泡する。
脱泡後、得られたソフトカプセル外皮溶液(外皮原料2A)は、小分けタンクに移し、75℃で約15時間保管して用いた。
充填機10としては、本発明装置である、中波長赤外線照射による乾燥装置15を具えたソフトカプセル製造機を用いた。
得られた溶液状の外皮原料2Aを、充填機10の両側にあるキャスティングドラム22に展延することによりシート状(外皮シートS)にした。中波長赤外線ヒーター25により、外皮シートSの水分含量を24%になるように乾燥しながら、その外皮シートSを充填機10に誘導して、内容物(MCT70重量%、レシチン30重量%の混合物)を充填した直後に、金型(ダイロール38)により圧着してソフトカプセル1を得た。
〈充填条件〉
・キャスティングドラムの温度:20℃
・中波長赤外線ヒーター
(ヘレウス株式会社製、型番:MBS1600/250):波長2.6μm
・セグメント部温度:45℃
・ダイロール回転数:3.0rpm
・充填室湿度:23%RH
・充填室温度:25℃
一方、比較例2で示したように、従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造機(ダイロール回転数:1.5rpm)で、カプセル外皮原料の水分配合量が110重量部になると、比較例1より脱泡性が改善され泡不良率は低いが、カプセルの接着性が悪く、カプセル内容物(MCT70重量%、レシチン30重量%の混合物)が液漏れするカプセルがあった。
比較例3で示したように、比較例2と同じカプセル外皮原料の水分配合量が110重量部で従来のロータリーダイ式自動ソフトカプセル製造機で、ダイロール回転数を1.5rpmから3.0rpmに上げると、カプセル接着面が充分に接着せず、カプセル形成直後からカプセル内容物(MCT70重量%、レシチン30重量%の混合物)が液漏れしており、液漏れ率が高かった。
Claims (12)
- 一対のダイロール間に外皮シートを対向的に拝み合わせ状態に供給し、ダイロールの突き合わせ作用によって外皮シートの接合を図るとともに、接合に合わせて内容物を外皮シートに供給し、外皮シートから成る外皮部の内側に内容物を収容したソフトカプセルを製造する方法において、
前記外皮シートは、一対のダイロールによる接合を受けるまでの間に、中波長赤外線による乾燥を受け、これによりほぼ一定の厚さ、適度の粘性、水分含量を有するシート状に形成されることを特徴とするソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記外皮部は、原料の構成成分組成として澱粉、λカラギーナン、金属塩、デキストリン、可塑剤及び水を配合して形成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記外皮シートを乾燥させるために照射する中波長赤外線の波長は、0.8~4.0μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記外皮シートは、中波長赤外線照射による乾燥によって、一対のダイロール間に送り込まれる段階での水分含量が、好ましくは19~29%、より好ましくは21~27%に乾燥されることを特徴とする請求項1、2または3記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記外皮シートの乾燥にあたっては、中波長赤外線の照射を少なくとも2段階以上設けるものであり、各段階で外皮シートの片面を別個に照射することにより、外皮シートの両面を乾燥させるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3または4記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記外皮部は、乾燥前の液段階で、澱粉100重量部に対し、前記水の配合量が、90~160重量部に設定されることを特徴とする請求項2、3、4または5記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記外皮部は、乾燥前の液段階で、澱粉100重量部に対して、λカラギーナン5~25重量部、金属塩0.5~10重量部、デキストリン3~100重量部、可塑剤20~80重量部、及び水90~160重量部を含有することを特徴とする請求項2、3、4、5または6記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 前記λカラギーナンに対する比率が、λカラギーナン:κカラギーナン:ιカラギーナン=1:0.1:0.1~1:0.8:0.2のκカラギーナンとιカラギーナンを更に含有することを特徴とする請求項2、3、4、5、6または7記載のソフトカプセルの製造方法。
- 溶融状態の外皮原料からほぼ一定厚さの外皮シートを形成するシート成形部と、
成形突起を有した一対のダイロールの突き合わせ作用によって、ダイロール間に拝み合わせ状態に供給される外皮シートの接合を担うカプセル成形部と、
外皮シートの接合に伴い外皮シートに内容物を供給する内容物供給部とを具え、
外皮シートから成る外皮部によって内容物を被覆したソフトなカプセル剤を製造する装置において、
前記シート成形部には、中波長赤外線ヒーターを具えた乾燥装置が設けられ、該ヒーターから外皮シートに中波長赤外線を照射することにより、ほぼ一定の厚さ、適度の粘性、水分含量を有する外皮シートに形成した状態で、当該シートをカプセル成形部に送るようにしたことを特徴とするソフトカプセルの製造装置。
- 前記乾燥装置の中波長赤外線ヒーターから外皮シートに照射する中波長赤外線の波長は、0.8~4.0μmであることを特徴とする請求項9記載のソフトカプセルの製造装置。
- 前記シート成形部は、溶融状態の外皮原料を、ほぼ一定の厚さのシート状態で吐き出すスプレダーボックスと、このスプレダーボックスから吐き出された外皮シートを冷却するキャスティングドラムとを具えて成り、
また前記乾燥装置による外皮シートの乾燥は、キャスティングドラム上に位置する外皮シートに中波長赤外線を照射して主に外皮シートの片面を乾燥させる片面乾燥と、
外皮シートをキャスティングドラムから剥離させ、別途、移送路に取り出した後、この移送路において片面ずつ中波長赤外線を照射して外皮シートの両面を乾燥させる両面乾燥とを具えて成り、これら片面乾燥と両面乾燥のうち、いずれか一方または双方の乾燥を行うようにしたことを特徴とする請求項9または10記載のソフトカプセルの製造装置。
- 前記外皮シートをキャスティングドラムから別途、移送路に取り出して、両面乾燥を行う場合には、外皮シートの照射面に対し、シートの移送方向上流側から下流側に向けてエアを流し、また外皮シートを下方から支える支持体を設けるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項11記載のソフトカプセルの製造装置。
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WO2011114515A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | 株式会社三協 | 非動物由来外皮を有したソフトカプセルの製造方法並びにそのソフトカプセル |
JP2018145148A (ja) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-20 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ソフトカプセル剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101361952B1 (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
JP4875769B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
US20110162783A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
CA2737880A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
KR20110076890A (ko) | 2011-07-06 |
JPWO2010035327A1 (ja) | 2012-02-16 |
CN102202529A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
US8572933B2 (en) | 2013-11-05 |
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