WO2010023827A1 - 導波管、導波管接続構造および導波管接続方法 - Google Patents
導波管、導波管接続構造および導波管接続方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010023827A1 WO2010023827A1 PCT/JP2009/003759 JP2009003759W WO2010023827A1 WO 2010023827 A1 WO2010023827 A1 WO 2010023827A1 JP 2009003759 W JP2009003759 W JP 2009003759W WO 2010023827 A1 WO2010023827 A1 WO 2010023827A1
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- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- stub
- predetermined wavelength
- resin substrate
- connection structure
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/04—Fixed joints
- H01P1/042—Hollow waveguide joints
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
- H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waveguide, a waveguide connection structure, and a waveguide connection method.
- the millimeter wave band is used, for example, for high-speed transmission of digital signals and automotive radar applications. Consumer devices are required to be small, thin, and low cost. For this reason, in recent digital signal transmission and automobile radar, a transmission path and an antenna are made on a resin substrate. As a result, we are trying to meet the demands for small size, thinness and low cost.
- a high-frequency line 102 formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 101 and a portion immediately below one end of the high-frequency line 102 on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 101 are formed.
- a high frequency module including 100B and a conversion unit 103 that converts a transmission mode for transmitting the high frequency line 102 into a waveguide mode for transmitting the waveguide unit 107 is described (see FIG. 18).
- the high-frequency module described in Patent Document 1 converts a transmission mode of a signal transmitted through the high-frequency line 102 in the high-frequency substrate 100A to a waveguide mode, and is connected to the high-frequency substrate 100A via the waveguide portion 107.
- a signal is transmitted to the wiring board 100B.
- solder or the like is used to ensure the connection at the waveguide portion.
- the reason for using solder or the like is to prevent a signal from leaking out of the waveguide and increasing insertion loss if a gap is formed in the connection portion of the waveguide and electrical connection is incomplete.
- the electrical connection is incomplete.
- solder or the like leaks in addition to the desired connection portion, and the waveguide shape at the connection portion differs from the design. In either case, the insertion loss increases.
- the material cost, the assembly cost, etc. increase by using solder or the like.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and its purpose is to connect a waveguide without using solder such as solder when connecting the waveguide and the resin substrate, and
- An object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide, a waveguide connection structure, and a waveguide connection method that can suppress an increase in insertion loss even when the connection is incomplete.
- a waveguide according to an aspect of the present invention includes a cylindrical first waveguide that transmits an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength, and a quarter of the predetermined wavelength from an inner wall portion of one end of the first waveguide. And a stub that is formed so that the opening end is inscribed in a contour line that is spaced outward in the radial direction and the depth is 1 ⁇ 4 of the predetermined wavelength.
- a waveguide connection structure includes a cylindrical first waveguide that transmits an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength, and an inner wall portion at one end of the first waveguide.
- a connected part having an electrically conductive frame part electrically connected to the second waveguide.
- the predetermined stub wavelength of 1 is formed by integrating the second stub and the stub generated by connecting the waveguide and the frame portion.
- the choke groove has a length of / 2.
- the frame portion has a closed ring shape made of metal.
- the waveguide connection structure includes a plurality of metal bumps arranged so that the frame portion is electrically continuous.
- the frame portion is circumscribed at a position separated from the wall surface of the second waveguide by 1 ⁇ 4 of the predetermined wavelength and electrically.
- a plurality of vias arranged in a continuous manner and extending inward of the connected portion, and a plurality or surfaces for connecting the wall surface of the second waveguide to the via so as to be electrically equivalent to a metal plane
- an inner layer wiring is provided.
- the waveguide connection structure includes a fitting groove in which the waveguide is fitted into the frame portion.
- the waveguide connection structure according to an aspect of the present invention is a resin substrate in which the connected portion includes a resin layer and a metal layer.
- the radial direction is 1 ⁇ 4 of the predetermined wavelength from the inner wall portion of one end of the waveguide having the first waveguide that transmits the electromagnetic wave of the predetermined wavelength.
- a first step of forming a stub that is inscribed in a contour line that is spaced outward and has a depth that is 1 ⁇ 4 of the predetermined wavelength; and a second waveguide that transmits an electromagnetic wave of the predetermined wavelength Forming an electrically conductive frame portion that is electrically connected to the first waveguide so as to circumscribe a portion of the second waveguide separated from the wall surface of the second waveguide by 1/4 of the predetermined wavelength.
- the first waveguide and the second waveguide by pressing and fixing the waveguide and the connected portion after the second step and the opening end of the stub are aligned with the position inscribed in the frame portion And a third step of connecting the two.
- the waveguide connection structure of the present invention when connecting the waveguide and the resin substrate, the waveguide connection can be made without using solder such as solder, and the connection is incomplete. Even in this state, an increase in insertion loss can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the waveguide housing 1.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the waveguide housing 1.
- 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of the waveguide housing 1 of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a resin substrate 11 (connected portion) to which the waveguide housing 1 is connected.
- FIG. 5 is a BB ′ cross-sectional view of the resin substrate 11 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11.
- the waveguide housing 1 is a housing that realizes a waveguide transmission path.
- the waveguide housing 1 of the present embodiment is obtained by cutting copper and gold plating thereon.
- a first waveguide 2 is formed inside the waveguide housing 1.
- the first waveguide 2 is rectangular.
- the waveguide housing 1 has a wavelength 1 / ⁇ of the wavelength ⁇ from the wall surface of the first waveguide 2 on the basis of the wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic wave R transmitted through the first waveguide 2.
- the stub 3 is formed by digging the waveguide housing 1 at a position separated by four. The digging depth of the stub 3 is 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ . The digging position of the stub 3 is such that the outer circumference is a distance of 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ from the wall surface of the first waveguide 2. Further, the stub 3 is inscribed in a contour line separated from the inner wall portion of the first waveguide 2 radially outward by 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- the wall surface and bottom surface of the stub 3 are all gold-plated.
- the internal space of the stub 3 is a cavity and is filled with air. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the stub 3 is dug in the axial direction of the first waveguide 2.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the resin substrate 11 to which the waveguide housing 1 is connected.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the resin substrate 11 to which the waveguide housing 1 is connected.
- the resin substrate 11 is provided with a second waveguide 12 having a waveguide structure whose internal structure is not shown.
- the resin substrate 11 is connected to the waveguide housing 1. Therefore, it is desirable that the dimension of the second waveguide 12 formed inside the resin substrate 11 is the same as that of the first waveguide 2 of the waveguide housing 1.
- a metal wall 14 serving as a frame portion is formed at a position that is 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ from the second waveguide 12 on the connection surface of the resin substrate 11 with the waveguide housing 1. Yes.
- the metal wall 14 is electrically connected to the second waveguide 12. 4 and 5, the metal wall 14 and the second waveguide 12 are electrically connected via the copper foil 15 on the surface of the resin substrate 11. However, in FIG. 4, the connection between the second waveguide 12 and the copper foil 15 is not shown.
- the metal wall 14 is preferably formed by copper plating. Further, the metal wall 14 is disposed so that the inner wall thereof is located at a position 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ from the second waveguide 12. When the metal wall 14 is formed by thick plating, there arises a problem that the production cost is increased. Therefore, the thickness of the metal wall 14 is desirably about 50 microns.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 connected to each other.
- the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are connected, since the metal wall 14 is formed on the connection surface of the resin substrate 11, the waveguide housing 1 and the metal wall 14 are in contact with each other.
- the waveguide housing 1 and the metal wall 14 are in contact with each other. Thereby, from the wall surface of the 1st waveguide 2 and the 2nd waveguide 12 to the metal wall 14, the copper foil 15 and the metal wall 14 of the connection surface of the waveguide housing
- the second stub 5 is 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are screwed by a screwing mechanism (not shown).
- the metal wall 14 of the resin substrate 11 is pressed and fixed at a position that circumscribes the stub 3 of the waveguide housing 1.
- the inner wall of the metal wall 14 and the outer periphery of the stub 3 are located at a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ from the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 12. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the second stub 5 having a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ is connected to the stub 3 having a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ . Then, a choke groove 20 having a length 1 ⁇ 2 of the wavelength ⁇ is generated from the wall surfaces of the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 12.
- an electromagnetic wave R (not shown) having a wavelength ⁇ enters the first waveguide 2 from the distal end 1 a side of the waveguide housing 1. Thereby, the electromagnetic wave R is transmitted to the base end 1b side while reflecting the gold-plated surface inside the first waveguide 2.
- the electromagnetic wave R reaches the proximal end 1 b of the first waveguide 2. A part of the electromagnetic wave R travels into the choke groove 20. Thereby, the incident wave to the choke groove 20 enters the stub 3 via the second stub 5 and is reflected by the bottom surface 3 a of the stub 3. Thereafter, the electromagnetic wave R reaches the joint between the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 12 from the stub 3 through the second stub 5.
- the tip of the choke groove 20 with a wavelength ⁇ formed by the second stub 5 and the stub 3 is the tip of the groove of the stub 3. Since the stub 3 is formed by digging into the metal waveguide housing 1, its tip is electrically short-circuited. When one end of the choke groove 20 having a wavelength ⁇ is short-circuited, the other end is short-circuited. Therefore, when the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are connected, the first waveguide 2 in the waveguide housing 1 and the second waveguide 12 in the resin substrate 11 are electrically short-circuited. It is equivalent to being connected in an ideal state that realizes. Thereby, the electromagnetic wave R is transmitted from the first waveguide 2 to the second waveguide 12 via the choke groove 20.
- the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are connected, the waveguide housing 1 and the resin are not connected due to a screwing failure of a connection screw (not shown) or warping of the resin substrate 11.
- the electrical connection with the metal wall 14 on the substrate 11 may be incomplete.
- the connection portion between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 is a metal wall 14. Further, the metal wall 14 is disposed at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ from the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 12. Further, the metal wall 14 is located at a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ from the short-circuited end of the stub 3. When one end of the stub 3 is short-circuited, the other end is opened, and the bottom of the stub 3 is a short-circuited end. Therefore, regardless of whether the connection between the waveguide housing 1 and the metal wall 14 is complete or incomplete, the connection portion between the waveguide housing 1 and the metal wall 14 that is the opening end of the stub 3 is electrically connected. It becomes open.
- the length of the second stub 5 including the waveguide housing 1, the resin substrate 11, and the metal wall 14 is 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- the other end is short-circuited.
- the connection portion between the waveguide housing 1 and the metal wall 14 is electrically opened regardless of whether the connection is complete or incomplete.
- the other end of the second stub 5, that is, the wall surface portion between the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 12 is electrically short-circuited.
- the first waveguide 2 in the waveguide housing 1 and the second waveguide 12 in the resin substrate 11 Is equivalent to being connected in an ideal state in which an electrical short circuit is realized.
- FIG. 7 shows three-dimensional insertion loss from the waveguide housing 1 to the resin substrate 11 when the connection between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 shown in FIG. It is obtained by electromagnetic field analysis.
- the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 of the present embodiment are designed with 72 GHz as the center frequency.
- the analysis is performed with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave R being 72 GHz.
- the horizontal axis of the graph is frequency, and the vertical axis is insertion loss.
- the graph g11 shows the analysis result when the distance between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 is 0, that is, when the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are connected as shown in FIG. Yes.
- Graphs g12, g13, g14, g15, and g16 are analysis when the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are not connected and the distance is 100 microns, 200 microns, 300 microns, 400 microns, and 500 microns. The results are shown respectively.
- FIG. 9 shows characteristics when the conventional waveguide housing 21 without stub and the resin substrate 31 without metal wall as shown in FIG. 8 are connected.
- the horizontal axis of the graph is frequency, and the vertical axis is insertion loss.
- Graphs g21, g22, g23, g24, g25, and g26 show the insertion loss of the electromagnetic wave R from the first waveguide 22 to the second waveguide 32 when the connection is complete and when the connection is incomplete.
- the analysis results when the distance between the housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are 0 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 300 microns, 400 microns, and 500 microns are shown.
- the insertion loss increases as the gap between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 31 widens. This indicates that the electromagnetic wave R is leaking from the gap between the waveguide housing 21 and the resin substrate 31.
- the insertion loss increases as the gap between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 widens.
- the degree of increase in insertion loss is clearly small compared to FIG. In particular, in the vicinity of the central frequency of 72 GHz, the insertion loss caused by the gap between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 is remarkably suppressed. That is, the amount of electromagnetic wave R leaking from the gap between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 can be reduced by the waveguide connection structure of this embodiment.
- the amount of warping of the resin substrate 11 is 50 microns or less, the connection between the metal wall 14 on the resin substrate 11 and the waveguide housing 1 is maintained. Therefore, even when the metal wall 14 and the waveguide housing 1 are separated as described above, an increase in insertion loss near the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave R can be suppressed. Therefore, in this embodiment, even when the resin substrate 11 is slightly warped, transmission from the waveguide housing 1 to the resin substrate 11 can be performed without insertion loss.
- the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are connected via the metal wall 14.
- the A choke groove 20 is formed by the stub 3 that is a gap between the metal wall 14, the waveguide housing 1, and the resin substrate 11 and the second stub 5 formed in the waveguide housing 1. Therefore, when the waveguide housing 1 having the first waveguide 2 and the resin substrate 11 having the second waveguide 12 are joined, screwing failure between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 and the resin substrate Even when the bonding between the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 is incomplete due to the warp of the 11 or the like, an increase in the insertion loss of the electromagnetic wave R can be suppressed.
- the waveguide housing 1 and the metal wall 14 of the resin substrate 11 come into contact with each other.
- the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 12 from the wall surface to the metal wall 14 have a quarter wavelength ⁇ of the waveguide housing 1, the resin substrate 11, and the metal wall 14 as the ground plane.
- Two stubs 5 are obtained.
- the stub 3 inscribed in the metal wall 14 becomes a groove having a quarter wavelength ⁇ .
- the first waveguide is formed by combining the second stub 5 having a quarter wavelength ⁇ and the stub 3 inscribed in the metal wall 14 with the waveguide housing 1, the resin substrate 11, and the metal wall 14 as the ground plane.
- a stub having a wavelength of ⁇ is formed from the wall surface of 2 and the second waveguide 12.
- the tip of the stub having the wavelength ⁇ formed by the second stub 5 and the stub 3 is the tip of the groove of the stub 3.
- the stub 3 is formed in the metal waveguide housing 1. Therefore, the tip of the waveguide housing 1 is electrically short-circuited. It is known that when one end of a stub having a wavelength ⁇ is short-circuited, the other end is short-circuited. Therefore, when the waveguide housing 1 and the resin substrate 11 are connected, the first waveguide 2 in the waveguide housing 1 and the second waveguide 12 in the resin substrate 11 are electrically short-circuited. Connected in an ideal state.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a waveguide housing 41 in which a fitting groove 46 is formed instead of the waveguide housing 1 is provided.
- the depth of the fitting groove 46 is preferably equal to or less than the thickness of the metal wall 14.
- the fitting groove 46 is formed at a position that circumscribes the opening end of the stub 43 and contacts the metal wall 14. Thereby, when connecting the waveguide housing
- the presence of the fitting groove 46 allows the waveguide housing 41 and the resin substrate 11 to be interposed between the waveguide housing 41 and the resin substrate 11 even when the waveguide housing 41 and the resin substrate 11 cannot be completely connected. It is possible to prevent gaps from being formed. And leakage of the electromagnetic wave R from the connection part of the 1st waveguide 42 and the 2nd waveguide 12 can be prevented.
- the first embodiment is provided with a metal bump 56 on the resin substrate 51 instead of the metal wall 14 as a frame portion at a position separated from the second waveguide 52 by 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- the metal bump 56 is optimally a protruding electrode made of solder or gold, but may be an electrode made of another conductor.
- the metal bump 56 is electrically connected to the copper foil 55.
- the copper foil 55 is electrically connected to the second waveguide 52.
- a plurality of metal bumps 56 are optimally arranged at intervals of about 1/10 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- the metal bumps 56 are not physically continuous but are arranged with an interval that is regarded as an electrically continuous metal. Thus, even if the metal bumps 56 that are not physically continuous are employed as the frame portion, the metal bumps 56 can be regarded as being electrically continuous. Therefore, the metal bump 56 has an effect equivalent to that of the metal wall 14 of the first embodiment.
- the metal bumps 56 are widely used for flip chip connection of semiconductor chips.
- the metal bump forming process for flip chip connection and the frame forming process of the present embodiment can be shared. Therefore, the man-hour and cost for forming a frame part can be reduced.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the waveguide connection structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing the copper foil 65 and the via 68 of the resin substrate according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view showing an inner layer pattern 67 and a via 68 of the resin substrate according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a second waveguide 62 (not shown in detail) is provided in the resin substrate 61, and a copper foil 65 is provided on the joint surface with the waveguide housing 1. .
- a via 68 is provided at a position 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ from the second waveguide 62.
- the via 68 has a blind via structure that electrically connects the layers of the resin substrate 11.
- the via 68 is formed from the second waveguide 62 to a copper foil 65 without a copper foil from the waveguide to a position of 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ , and from the waveguide to a position of 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ from the waveguide. Also connected to the inner layer pattern 67.
- a plurality of vias 68 are arranged at intervals that can be regarded as being electrically continuous.
- the second stub 69 is formed in the resin substrate 61.
- the second stub 69 is filled with the dielectric material of the resin substrate 51.
- the electrical length of the second stub 69 is 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇
- the actual length is shorter than the second stub 5 of the first embodiment filled with air.
- the second stub 69 realizes 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ with a shorter dimension than the second stub 5 of FIG. 6. Therefore, the position of the stub 3 formed in the waveguide housing needs to be matched with the length of the second stub 5.
- the end surface of the via 68 on the second waveguide 62 side and the end surface far from the waveguide of the stub 3 are set to be the same distance from the first waveguide 2.
- the choke groove that surrounds the stub 3 by the frame portion and forms an electrical length of 1 ⁇ 2 of the wavelength ⁇ is formed.
- the inner layer pattern 67, the via 68, and the waveguide housing 1 have a length that is 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- Two stubs 69 are configured. Further, the second stub 69 and the stub 3 constitute a choke groove 70. Even in such a configuration, the first waveguide 2 and the second waveguide 62 can be electrically short-circuited and connected as in the first embodiment.
- the second stub 69 is filled with a dielectric. Therefore, the 2nd stub 69 can be reduced in size compared with other embodiment.
- the waveguide and the waveguide connection structure of each embodiment described above when the waveguide having the waveguide structure and the connected portion are joined, screwing failure between the waveguide and the connected portion, Even when the connection between the waveguide and the connected portion becomes incomplete due to warpage of the connected portion, an increase in insertion loss can be suppressed. Furthermore, an increase in insertion loss can be suppressed even when the connection between the waveguide and the connected portion is incomplete. Therefore, it is not necessary to use solder such as solder that has been used in the past in order to achieve reliable bonding. As a result, it is possible to provide a waveguide and a waveguide connection structure capable of reducing material costs and assembly costs.
- the waveguide housing 1 has a structure in which copper is used as a base and is plated with gold.
- the substrate need not be limited to copper, and may be another metal or metal alloy, or may be a cast or other method made by cutting rather than cutting.
- the waveguide housing 1 does not need to be configured by plating the base with gold, and other configurations may be employed.
- the waveguide housing may be formed by plating a metal on the surface of an insulator. Even in this case, the effects of the above-described embodiment can be achieved.
- the cross-sectional shape of the waveguide of the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the square shape shown in FIG.
- the dimension of a waveguide is prescribed
- the stub 3 employs a configuration in which the same gold plating as that of the waveguide housing 1 is applied.
- the configuration is not limited thereto, and the stub 3 has an appropriate configuration having electrical conductivity. be able to.
- an additional step of imparting electrical conductivity other than digging out the stub 3 can be omitted, so that an additional cost for forming the stub 3 can be reduced. Can be suppressed.
- a configuration in which air is filled in the stub 3 is adopted, but not limited thereto, for example, a dielectric may be filled.
- the stub is formed at a depth such that the electrical length calculated from the relative dielectric constant of the filled dielectric is 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ . Even in this case, the effects of the above-described embodiment can be achieved.
- the resin substrate 11 is shown as the connection destination of the waveguide housing 1, but the connection destination is not limited to the resin substrate, and an appropriate connected portion having a waveguide structure. May be used. Even in this case, the effects of the above-described embodiment can be achieved.
- the stub 3 having a length 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ and the second stub 5 are combined to form a choke groove having a length 1 ⁇ 2 of the wavelength ⁇ . It is not limited. For example, an appropriate combination in which the sum of the lengths of the stub 3 and the second stub 5 is 1 ⁇ 2 of the wavelength ⁇ can be employed. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the stub 3 is formed along the axial direction of the first waveguide, and the second stub 5 is formed along the radial direction of the first waveguide. It is not a thing.
- the stub 3 and the second stub 5 do not have to be orthogonal to each other, and even if the stub 3 has a plurality of bends, a stub having a wavelength ⁇ of 1/2 may be realized as a result of the combination. Even in this case, the effects of the above-described embodiment can be achieved.
- the metal wall 14 is plated with copper on the resin substrate. This is because a general resin multilayer substrate is generally plated with copper in order to form the wiring, and can be easily formed by using this process. Even if it is a method other than copper plating, for example, a metal wall may be formed by bonding a conductor other than copper, or a metal wall may be formed by a method such as plating the surface after bonding an insulator. good.
- the height of the metal wall is 50 microns.
- the height is not limited to this and may be any height.
- it can be set to an appropriate height such that the second stub 5 is formed in the gap between the resin substrate 11 and the waveguide housing 1.
- the inner layer pattern 67 and the via 68 formed in the resin substrate 61 adopt the configuration formed of copper widely used as the resin multilayer substrate. It is not limited.
- the inner layer pattern 67 and the via 68 may be made of other metal materials. Even in this case, the same effects as those of the above-described embodiment can be obtained.
- Examples of applications of the present invention include, for example, a digital signal transmission module that wirelessly transmits a high-definition signal from a tuner or recorder to a flat-screen television such as a wall-mounted television using the millimeter wave band, or the front of an automobile using the millimeter wave band.
- a digital signal transmission module that wirelessly transmits a high-definition signal from a tuner or recorder to a flat-screen television such as a wall-mounted television using the millimeter wave band, or the front of an automobile using the millimeter wave band.
- Devices such as automobile radar modules that monitor the surroundings are required to be compact, thin, and low-cost, and use multilayer boards in the millimeter wave band.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年8月29日に、日本に出願された特願2008-221873号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このような装置の例として、特許文献1には、誘電体基板101の上面に形成された高周波線路102と、誘電体基板101の下面の高周波線路102の一端部の直下の部位に形成された枠状の接続電極104と、貫通孔105の内面に導体層106が形成されるとともに導体層106の上端が接続電極104に全周にわたって電気的に接続された導波管部107を有する配線基板100Bと、高周波線路102を伝送する伝送モードを、導波管部107を伝送する導波管モードに変換する変換部103とを具備する高周波モジュールが記載されている(図18参照)。
この特許文献1に記載の高周波モジュールは、高周波基板100A内の高周波線路102を伝送される信号の伝送モードを導波管モードに変換し、導波管部107を介して高周波基板100Aに接続された配線基板100Bに信号を伝送する。
問題の一つは、導波管部での接続を確実にするために半田等を使用していることである。半田等を使用するのは、導波管の接続部に隙間が出来て電気接続が不完全だと信号が導波管外に漏れだして挿入損失が大きくなることを防止するためである。しかし、接続面の半田量が必要量よりも少ない場合には、電気接続が不完全になる。また、接続面の半田量が必要量よりも多い場合には、所望の接続部以外に半田等が漏れだし、接続部での導波管形状が設計と異なってしまう。いずれの場合にも挿入損失が増加する。
さらに、半田等を使用することで材料費や組立費などが増加するという問題もある。
以下、本発明の第1の実施形態の導波管及び導波管接続構造について図1から図6を参照して説明する。図1は、導波管筐体1の平面図である。図2は、導波管筐体1の斜視図である。図3は、図1の導波管筐体1のA-A’断面図である。図4は、導波管筐体1が接続される樹脂基板11(被接続部)を示す平面図である。図5は、図4に示す樹脂基板11のB-B’断面図である。図6は、導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11との接続状態を示す断面図である。
樹脂基板11は、導波管筐体1に接続される。そのため、樹脂基板11の内部に形成される第二導波路12の寸法は、導波管筐体1の第一導波路2と同じであることが望ましい。
図6に示すように、導波管筐体1の先端1a側から波長λの電磁波R(不図示)が第一導波路2へ進入する。これにより、電磁波Rは、第一導波路2の内部の金メッキされた面を反射しながら基端1b側へ伝達される。
スタブ3の片端が短絡の場合、その他端は開放となり、スタブ3の底が短絡端となる。そのため、導波管筐体1と金属壁14との接続が完全、不完全に関わらず、スタブ3の開口端部である導波管筐体1と金属壁14との接続部は電気的に開放となる。
図7は、図6に示した導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11の接続が完全な場合と不完全な場合での、導波管筐体1から樹脂基板11への挿入損失を3次元電磁界解析にて求めたものである。
本実施例の導波管筐体1及び樹脂基板11は、72GHzを中心周波数として設計されている。また、本実施例では、電磁波Rの周波数を72GHzにして解析している。グラフの横軸は周波数であり、縦軸は挿入損失である。グラフg11は、導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11との距離が0、つまり、図6のように導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11とが接続されている場合の解析結果を示している。
グラフg12、g13、g14、g15、g16は、導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11とが接続されず、その距離を100ミクロン、200ミクロン、300ミクロン、400ミクロン、500ミクロンとした場合の解析結果を、それぞれ示している。
一方、図7に示した本実施形態の場合、導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11との隙間が広がるにつれて挿入損失は増す。しかし、挿入損失の増加の程度は、図9と比較して明らかに小さい。特に中心周波数である72GHzの近傍では、導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11との隙間によって生じる挿入損失が顕著に抑制されている。
すなわち、本実施例の導波管接続構造によって導波管筐体1と樹脂基板11との隙間から漏れ出す電磁波Rの量を減少させることができる。
図8に示す従来の導波管接続構造では、50ミクロン以下の微小な反りが樹脂基板31に生じた場合には、図11の様に導波管筐体21と樹脂基板31との接続が不完全になり隙間があく。その結果、導波管筐体21と樹脂基板31との間の挿入損失が増えてしまう。
一方、図10に示すように、本実施形態の導波管接続構造では、樹脂基板11には厚さ50ミクロン程度の金属壁14が形成されている。そのため、樹脂基板11の反り量が50ミクロン以下の場合には、樹脂基板11上の金属壁14と導波管筐体1との接続はその完全性が保たれる。よって、上述のように金属壁14と導波管筐体1とが離間した場合でも電磁波Rの中心周波数付近での挿入損失の増加を抑制することができる。したがって、本実施形態では、樹脂基板11が微小に反った場合でも挿入損失無く導波管筐体1から樹脂基板11へ伝送が出来る。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態の導波管、導波管接続構造及び導波管接続方法について図12を参照して説明する。なお、以下に説明する各実施形態において、上述した第1の実施形態の導波管、導波管接続構造及び導波管接続方法と構成を共通とする箇所には同一符号を付けて、説明を省略する。
この嵌合溝46の深さは金属壁14の厚さ以下であることが望ましい。この嵌合溝46は、スタブ43の開口端部に外接すると共に金属壁14を接触する位置に形成される。これにより、導波管筐体41と樹脂基板11上とを接続する際に高い位置精度で容易に接続することが出来る。
加えて、この嵌合溝46があることで、導波管筐体41と樹脂基板11が反りなどの理由で完全に接続出来ない場合でも、導波管筐体41と樹脂基板11の間に隙間が空くことを防ぐことが出来る。そして、第一導波路42と第二導波路12との接続部分からの電磁波Rの漏れ出しを防ぐことができる。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態の導波管、導波管接続構造及び導波管接続方法について図13、図14を参照して説明する。
第3の実施形態では第二導波路52から波長λの1/4だけ離れた位置に、枠部として金属壁14に代えて金属バンプ56を樹脂基板51上に備える点で第1の実施形態と構成が異なっている。金属バンプ56は、半田あるいは金などからなる突起電極であることが最適であるが、他の導体からなる電極であってもよい。金属バンプ56は、銅箔55に電気的に接続されている。銅箔55は、第二導波路52と電気的に接続されている。金属バンプ56は、波長λの1/10程度の間隔で複数配置されることが最適である。すなわち、金属バンプ56は、物理的には連続しておらず、電気的に連続する金属とみなされる間隔をもって配置されている。このように、物理的に連続しない金属バンプ56を枠部として採用しても、金属バンプ56が電気的に連続と見なすことが出来る。よって、金属バンプ56は、第1の実施形態の金属壁14と同等の効果を有する。
次に、本発明の第4の実施形態の導波管、導波管接続構造及び導波管接続方法について図15~図17を参照して説明する。図15は、本発明の第4の実施形態の導波管接続構造の構成を説明するための図である。図16は、本発明の第4の実施形態の樹脂基板の銅箔65およびビア68を示した平面図である。図17は、本発明の第4の実施形態の樹脂基板の内層パターン67およびビア68を示した平面図である。
この際、第二スタブ69は、図6の第二スタブ5よりも短い寸法にて波長λの1/4を実現する。よって、導波管筐体に形成されるスタブ3の位置も、この第二スタブ5の長さに合わせる必要がある。すなわち、ビア68の第二導波路62側の端面とスタブ3の導波路に対して遠い端面とが、第一導波路2から同じ距離になるようにする。これにより、第1の実施形態と同様に、枠部によってスタブ3を囲繞して電気長として波長λの1/2をなすチョーク溝を形成する。
また、本実施形態では、第二スタブ69には誘電体が充填されている。そのため、他の実施形態と比べて第二スタブ69を小型化することができる。
さらに、導波管と被接続部との接合が不完全になった場合でも挿入損失の増加を抑えることが出来る。そのため、確実な接合を実現するために従来使用してきた半田等のソルダを使用する必要が無くなる。その結果、材料費や組立費の低減を実現出来る導波管及び導波管接続構造を提供することが出来る。
例えば、本発明の実施形態では、導波管筐体1は銅を基体として金でめっきされた構成としたが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、基体は、銅に限る必要はなく他の金属でも金属合金でも良いし、切削加工ではなく鋳物でも他の工法で作られたものでも良い。
さらに導波管筐体1において基体を金でめっきして構成する必要はなく、他の構成を採用してもよい。また、導波管筐体は、絶縁体の表面に金属をメッキなどしたものを用いてもよい。この場合でも、上述した実施形態の効果を奏することができる。
さらに本発明の実施形態ではスタブ3は第一導波路の軸線方向に沿うように形成され、第二スタブ5は第一導波路の径方向に沿うように形成されているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、スタブ3と第二スタブ5とが直交していなくてもよいし、複数の折れ曲がりを有する構造であっても、組み合わせた結果波長λの1/2のスタブを実現してもよい。この場合でも、上述した実施形態の効果を奏することができる。
2、22、42・・・第一導波路、
3、43・・・スタブ、
5、69・・・第二スタブ、
11、31、51、61・・・樹脂基板(被接続部)、
12、32、52、62・・・第二導波路、
14・・・金属壁(枠部)、
15・・・銅箔、
46・・・嵌合溝、
55・・・銅箔、
56・・・金属バンプ(枠部)、
65・・・銅箔、
67・・・内層パターン(内層配線)、
68・・・ビア(枠部)、
R・・・電磁波
Claims (9)
- 所定の波長の電磁波を伝達させる筒状の第一導波路と、
前記第一導波路の一端の内壁部から前記所定の波長の1/4だけ径方向外方に離れた輪郭線に開口端部が内接するとともに深さが前記所定の波長の1/4をなすように形成されたスタブと、
を有する導波管。 - 所定の波長の電磁波を伝達させる筒状の第一導波路と、前記第一導波路の一端の内壁部から前記所定の波長の1/4だけ径方向外方に離れた輪郭線に開口端部が内接するとともに深さが前記所定の波長の1/4をなすように形成されたスタブと、を有する導波管と、
前記第一導波路の径方向の断面と同形同大の表面をなし前記所定の波長の電磁波を伝達させる第二導波路と、前記第二導波路の外側において前記スタブの開口端部外周に外接可能で前記第二導波路に電気的に接続された電気伝導性の枠部と、を有する被接続部と、
を備える導波管接続構造。 - 前記導波管と前記枠部とが接続されることで生じる第二スタブと前記スタブとが一体化してなる前記所定の波長の1/2の長さのチョーク溝を有する請求項2に記載の導波管接続構造。
- 前記枠部が金属からなる閉鎖環状をなす請求項2に記載の導波管接続構造。
- 前記枠部が電気的に連続するように複数配置された金属バンプからなる請求項2に記載の導波管接続構造。
- 前記枠部は、
前記第二導波路の壁面から前記所定の波長の1/4だけ外側に離れた位置に外接するとともに電気的に連続するように複数配置されて前記被接続部の内方へ延在するビアと、
前記第二導波路の壁面から前記ビアまでを電気的に金属平面と等価となるように接続する複数または面状の内層配線と、
を有する請求項2に記載の導波管接続構造。 - 前記導波管が前記枠部に嵌合する嵌合溝を有する請求項2に記載の導波管接続構造。
- 前記被接続部が樹脂層と金属層とを有する樹脂基板である請求項2に記載の導波管接続構造。
- 所定の波長の電磁波を伝達させる第一導波路を有する導波管の一端の内壁部から前記所定の波長の1/4だけ径方向外側に離れた輪郭線に内接するとともに深さが前記所定の波長の1/4をなすスタブを形成する第1の工程と、
前記所定の波長の電磁波を伝達させる第二導波路を有する被接続部においてこの第二導波路の壁面から前記所定の波長の1/4だけ外側に離れた位置に外接するように前記第一導波路に電気的に接続された電気伝導性の枠部を形成する第2の工程と、
前記スタブの開口端部が前記枠部に内接する位置に合わせた後に前記導波管と前記被接続部とを押圧固定して前記第一導波路と前記第二導波路とを接続するする第3の工程と、
を有する導波管接続方法。
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JPWO2011118544A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-24 | 2013-07-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 無線モジュール及びその製造方法 |
JP2012238948A (ja) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-12-06 | Nec Corp | 導波管接続構造 |
JP2016012771A (ja) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-01-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 導波管接続構造およびその製造方法 |
JP2019525689A (ja) * | 2016-10-09 | 2019-09-05 | 華為技術有限公司Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd. | ホーン・アンテナ |
US10727607B2 (en) | 2016-10-09 | 2020-07-28 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Horn antenna |
CN114784474A (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-22 | 电子科技大学 | 一种基于扼流环的可拆卸小型化发射前端 |
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US20110156844A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US8680954B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
JP5531960B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
JPWO2010023827A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
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