WO2010016275A1 - 鉛蓄電池の制御方法および電源システム - Google Patents
鉛蓄電池の制御方法および電源システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010016275A1 WO2010016275A1 PCT/JP2009/003808 JP2009003808W WO2010016275A1 WO 2010016275 A1 WO2010016275 A1 WO 2010016275A1 JP 2009003808 W JP2009003808 W JP 2009003808W WO 2010016275 A1 WO2010016275 A1 WO 2010016275A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling a lead storage battery and a power supply system using the lead storage battery.
- the lead acid battery is strong for tough use and has an appropriate weight, so that it is useful as a power source in a transport vehicle, for example.
- Patent Document 1 there is a method of repeating the next charging with a slightly higher charge amount (synonymous with charge electricity amount) than the discharge amount (synonymous with discharge electricity amount) discharged after the previous charge. According to this method, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the capacity of the lead storage battery due to insufficient charging while avoiding overcharge except for a predetermined refresh overcharge (recovering the capacity of the lead storage battery with the lead storage battery in an overcharged state). It is written.
- the lead-acid battery until the charge / discharge cycle consisting of the charge cycle and the discharge cycle immediately after that reaches the predetermined number of cycles (or until the integrated value of the discharged electricity reaches the predetermined value), after the previous charge. It is possible to prevent a decrease in capacity due to insufficient charging by charging the battery next time with a charge amount slightly larger than the discharged discharge amount. However, if the charge / discharge cycle exceeds a predetermined number of cycles (or if the integrated value of discharge electricity exceeds a predetermined value), the lead-acid battery is charged slightly more than the discharge amount discharged after the previous charge. It was found that the lead storage battery was overcharged by being charged in an amount, resulting in deterioration.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to simultaneously solve two types of problems of lead-acid batteries (capacity reduction due to insufficient charging and deterioration due to overcharging) caused by random charging. And
- the method for controlling a lead-acid battery calculates a first accumulated charge electricity amount by integrating the charge electricity amount for each charge cycle after the cycle use of the lead-acid battery is started.
- a first calculation step of calculating the first integrated discharge electricity amount by integrating the discharge electricity amount for each discharge cycle after the cycle use is started; and the first integrated discharge electricity amount is the charge / discharge cycle of the lead storage battery.
- the lead-acid battery It is determined that the first integrated discharge electricity amount is the first region which is a partial region in the life cycle from the start of the cycle use until the end of the life of the lead storage battery.
- a determining step of determining that the second region to an area coming the life of the lead-acid battery after the first region wherein in the determination step the After determining that there are two regions, the amount of charge electricity for each charge cycle in the second region is integrated to calculate a second amount of accumulated charge electricity, and the amount of discharge electricity for each discharge cycle in the second region is calculated.
- a second calculation step of integrating and calculating a second integrated discharge electricity amount, and a first total charge electricity amount C 1 that is the first integrated charge electricity amount at the end of the first region is the first set value D.
- the amount of electricity charged in the first region is controlled so as to be multiplied by a first value R 1 set in advance, and the life of the lead storage battery is determined after being determined as the second region.
- Said second product when The second is the overall amount of charge C 2 is charged quantity of electricity, the second setting value D 2 wherein a second accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached, advance the first value R
- a control step of controlling the amount of electricity charged in the second region so that the amount of electricity multiplied by the second value R2 set to a value smaller than 1 is obtained.
- the integrated value of the amount of charge in the entire first region becomes an integrated value equal to or greater than the integrated value of the amount of discharge in the entire first region, charging and discharging are possible in the first region due to insufficient charging. A decrease in the amount of electricity can be reduced.
- the ratio of the integrated value of the charge electricity amount in the entire second region to the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire second region is defined as the ratio of the total value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire first region. In the second region, the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged is significantly reduced by being charged with an excessive amount of charge electricity. be able to.
- the first integrated discharge electricity amount representing the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount after the cycle use of the lead storage battery is started is the boundary between the first region and the second region.
- the first set value D 1 may reduce a decrease in charging and discharging electric quantity by insufficient charging, after the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity exceeds the first setting value D 1, rechargeable It is possible to reduce an increase in the amount of electricity that is promoted by overcharging.
- the life of the lead storage battery can be extended as compared with the control method of charging the lead storage battery at random. Can do.
- DOD depth of discharge; ratio of discharge amount with respect to rated capacity
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing charging efficiency in a first region of a control valve type lead acid battery
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing charging efficiency in a second region of a control valve type lead acid battery.
- the flowchart which shows the further another example of the control method of the lead acid battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- the flowchart which shows the further another example of the control method of the lead acid battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the first embodiment is characterized by the following control method.
- the control unit 43 determines that the capacity of the lead storage battery during the process of changing the capacity of the lead storage battery caused by the charge / discharge cycle.
- the first set value D 1 is a first accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the maximum value D max (step S10; set value calculation step).
- the first cumulative discharge electric quantity means an electric quantity obtained by integrating the discharge electric quantity for each discharge cycle of the lead storage battery in the first region.
- the first set value D 1 is calculated by, for instance, processing to be described later.
- an arbitrary amount of charged electricity C 1m-1 is charged by charging in step S11, and an arbitrary amount of discharged electricity D 1m-1 (C 1m-1 > D 1m-1 ) is discharged in step S12. Discharged.
- the subscript “1m ⁇ 1” means the (m ⁇ 1) th time in the first region.
- the discharge electricity amount D 1m ⁇ 1 means the charge electricity amount in the charge cycle immediately before the m-th charge in which the charge electricity amount is controlled in the first region.
- the discharge electricity amount D 1m ⁇ 1 means the charge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before any m-th discharge is performed in the first region.
- the control unit 43 multiplies the amount of charge electricity in the charge cycle immediately after step S12 by the coefficient R 1 to the amount of discharge electricity D 1m ⁇ 1 in step S12 (that is, the amount of discharge electricity in the immediately preceding discharge cycle). Charging is performed so that the amount of charged electricity C is 1 m (step S13; first region control step). And arbitrary discharge electricity amount D1m is discharged in a lead storage battery (step S14).
- the 1st calculating part 41 calculates the integrated charge electricity amount (henceforth a 1st integrated charge electricity amount) in a 1st area
- the first accumulated charge electricity amount represents an accumulated value of the charge electricity amount in each charge cycle of the lead storage battery in the first region.
- the 1st calculating part 41 calculates a 1st integrated discharge electricity amount (step S16; 1st calculation step). For example, a first accumulated discharge amount of electricity after the discharge has been performed at steps S12 and S14 are discharged electrical quantity D 1 m in step S14, is the amount of electricity made in addition to the discharged amount of electricity D 1 m-1 in step S12 .
- the Determination unit 42 determines whether more than a first set value D 1 (step S17; determination step). If the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity is less than the first set value D 1 (NO in step S17), the determination unit 42 determines that the life cycle of lead-acid battery is the first region at the present time (step S18) .
- the first region is a partial region in the life cycle from the start of the cycle use of the lead storage battery to the end of the life of the lead storage battery.
- region mentioned later is an area
- the control unit 43 performs charging so that the charge electricity amount C 2n in the charge cycle becomes a charge electricity amount obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle by the coefficient R 2 (step S23; second). Area control step).
- the first calculation unit 41 integrates the charge electricity quantity C 1m with the first accumulated charge quantity thus far.
- the first calculation unit 41 integrates the discharged amount of electricity D 1 m to the first accumulated discharge electricity quantity until then (step S16). Then, the determination unit 42 determines whether the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity obtained exceeds the first set value D 1 (step S17).
- the subscript “2n ⁇ 1” means the (n ⁇ 1) th time in the second region.
- the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 means the charge electricity amount in the charge cycle immediately before the n-th charge in which the charge electricity amount is controlled in the second region.
- the discharge electricity amount D 2n-1 means the charge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before any n-th discharge is performed in the second region.
- step S17 when the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity exceeds the first set value D 1 (YES in step S17), the determination unit 42, the life cycle of lead-acid battery is the second region at the present time Determination is made (step S19).
- Control unit 43 the charging electric quantity C 21 in the subsequent charging cycle to charge such that the charge electrical quantity multiplied by a coefficient R 2 to the discharge electric quantity D 1 m in the discharge cycle immediately before (Step S20). Then, in the lead storage battery, an arbitrary amount of discharged electricity D 2n-1 is discharged (step S21).
- the control unit 43 performs charging so that the charge electricity amount C 2n in the subsequent charge cycle becomes a charge electricity amount obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle by the coefficient R 2 (step S22; Second area control step).
- the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 means the discharge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before any n-th discharge is performed in the second region.
- the second calculation unit 44 calculates the second integrated charge amount in the second region. (Step S24; second calculation step). Moreover, the 2nd calculating part 44 calculates the 2nd integrated discharge electricity amount in a 2nd area
- the second cumulative discharge electricity quantity after the discharge in steps S22 and S24 is performed is an electricity quantity obtained by adding the discharge electricity quantity D 2n in step S24 to the discharge electricity quantity D 2n-1 in step S22. .
- Determining unit 42 determines the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity D is whether exceeds the second setting value D 2 (step S26).
- the second set value D 2 is, for example, set in advance in the judgment unit 42, a second accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the life of the lead-acid battery has arrived in the second region.
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity D is, when the second exceeds the set value D 2 (YES in step S26), the notification unit 6 (see FIG. 10) performs lifetime incoming notification (step S27; notification step). For example, the notification of the arrival of the lifetime notifies the user that the lifetime of the lead storage battery has been reached by causing the notification section 6 to cause the LED to emit light.
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity when less than the second set value D 2 (NO in step S26), is repeated process shown below.
- the control unit 43 performs charging so that the charge electricity amount C 2n in the charge cycle becomes a charge electricity amount obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle by the coefficient R 2 (step S22).
- the second computing unit 44 computes the charge electricity quantity C 2n to the accumulated charge electricity quantity so far (step S23). S24). Further, the discharge electric quantity D 2n is calculated from the second accumulated discharge electric quantity so far (step S25).
- the determination unit 42 determines whether the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity obtained exceeds the second setting value D 2 (step S26). The above process, the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity is repeated until it is determined to exceed the second set value D 2.
- the control unit 43 first the entire amount of charge C 1 in the first region, the first set value D 1 which is a boundary between the first region and the second region, which is set in advance as the quantity of electricity obtained by multiplying the first value R 1, controls the amount of charge in the first region.
- the control unit 43, the second overall amount of charge C 2 in the second region, the second setting value D 2 is a second accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the life of the lead-acid battery has arrived in the second region, as the advance first value R 1 electrical quantity obtained by multiplying the second value R 2 which is set to a value smaller than, for controlling the amount of charge in the second region.
- the ratio of the integrated value of the charge electricity amount in the entire second region to the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the second region is the sum of the charge electricity amount in the entire first region with respect to the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire first region. It becomes smaller than the ratio of the value. Therefore, unlike the first region, in which the ratio of the average charge electricity per charge cycle to the average discharge electricity per discharge cycle is preferably large, the second region has an average discharge per discharge cycle. The ratio of the average charge electricity amount for each charge cycle to the electricity amount is smaller than the ratio in the first region. Thereby, in the 2nd field, it can reduce that the amount of electricity which can be charged and discharged by overcharge decreases.
- step S100 the first calculation of the set value D 1 is performed (step S100). Then, in the lead storage battery, charging at step S101 charges an arbitrary amount of charge C 1m-1 , discharge at step S102 an arbitrary amount of discharge electricity D 1m-1 (where C 1m-1 > D 1m-1 ), and the charging of any amount of charge C 1 m in step S103 is performed.
- the first error calculation unit 45 calculates the amount of electricity (first value) obtained by multiplying the amount of charged electricity C 1m by a preset coefficient R 1 to the amount of discharged electricity D 1m ⁇ 1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle.
- An error obtained by subtracting the reference discharge electric quantity is calculated (step S104; first error calculation step).
- the calculated error is sequentially integrated by the first error integrated value calculating unit 46 (see FIG. 11) to calculate the first error integrated value (step S105; first error integrated value calculating step).
- the first percentage calculating unit 47 calculates a first percentage PER1 that is an example of the ratio of the first error integrated value to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery (step). S106; first ratio calculation step).
- step S107 discharge with an arbitrary discharge amount D 1m is performed.
- the 1st calculating part 41 calculates the 1st integration charge electric quantity (Step S108; 1st calculation step).
- the 1st calculating part 41 calculates a 1st integrated discharge electricity amount (step S109; 1st calculation step).
- the first integrated discharge quantity after the discharge in steps S102 and S107 is performed by adding the discharge quantity D 1m in step S107 to the discharge quantity D 1m-1 in step S102. It is.
- the determination unit 42 determines whether or not the first percentage PER1 exceeds a preset threshold value (first threshold value) ⁇ (step S110). If the first percentage is less than the threshold value ⁇ (NO in step S110), the processes in steps S103 to S109 are repeated until it is determined that the first percentage exceeds the threshold value ⁇ .
- first threshold value a preset threshold value
- the control unit 43 adds the discharge electric quantity D in the first discharge to the first error integrated value at that time.
- a charge amount obtained by adding the amount of electricity obtained by multiplying 1m ⁇ 1 by a preset coefficient R 1 is charged (step S111).
- the determination unit 42 determines whether the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity far exceeds the first set value D 1 (step S112; determination step). If the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity is less than the first set value D 1 (NO in step S112), determination unit 42 determines that the life cycle of lead-acid battery is the first region at the present time (step S113 ). Thereafter, until the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity is determined to exceed the first set value D 1, the processing of steps S103 ⁇ 111 are repeated.
- the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity D is, when it is determined to exceed the first set value D 1 (YES in step S 111), determination unit 42, the life cycle of lead-acid battery in the second region at the present time It is determined that there is (step S114).
- step S115 charging with an arbitrary amount of charged electricity C 2n-1 in step S115, discharging of an arbitrary amount of discharged electricity D 2n-1 in step S116, and charging of an arbitrary amount of charged electricity C 2n in step S117 are performed.
- the second error calculation unit 48 calculates the coefficient R 2 that is set in advance from the charge electricity amount C 2n to the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle to a value smaller than the coefficient R 1.
- An error obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity multiplied by (second reference discharge amount of electricity) is calculated (step S118; second error calculating step).
- the calculated error is sequentially integrated by the second error integrated value calculating unit 49 (see FIG. 11) to calculate the second error integrated value (step S119; first error integrated value calculating step).
- the second percentage calculating unit 50 calculates a second percentage PER2 that is an example of the ratio of the second error integrated value to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery (step). S120; second ratio calculation step).
- step S121 A discharge of any discharge electric quantity D 21 is performed in step S121. Then, the 2nd calculating part 44 calculates a 2nd integral charge electric charge (step S122; 2nd calculation step). Moreover, the 2nd calculating part 44 calculates a 2nd integrated discharge electricity amount (step S123; 2nd calculation step). The processing described above is repeated until it is determined in step S124 that the second percentage PER2 exceeds the preset threshold (second threshold) ⁇ .
- step S123 When it is determined in step S123 that the second percentage PER2 exceeds the preset threshold value ⁇ , the control unit 43 adds the discharge electric quantity D 2n ⁇ in the first discharge to the second error integrated value at that time. A charge amount obtained by adding an amount of electricity obtained by multiplying 1 by a preset coefficient R 2 is charged. (Step S125).
- the determination unit 42 determines whether the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity far exceeds the second setting value D 2 (step S126).
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity is, if it is determined to exceed the second set value D 2 (YES in step S126), the notification unit 6 performs lifetime incoming notification (step S127).
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity is, if it is determined that less than the second set value D 2 exceeds (NO in step S126), the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity second set value D 2 Steps S117 to S125 are repeated until it is determined.
- the second error integrated value is the first error from the viewpoint of preventing overcharge. Unlike the integrated value, a smaller value is desirable. Therefore, the threshold value ⁇ is preferably set to a value smaller than the threshold value ⁇ .
- the discharge cycle In the process shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 1 and 2, unlike the first region, in which the ratio of the charge electricity amount for each charge cycle to the discharge electricity amount for each discharge cycle is preferably large, in the second region, the discharge cycle The ratio of the charge electricity amount for each charge cycle to the discharge electricity amount for each charge is smaller than the ratio in the first region. Thereby, in the 2nd field, it can reduce that the amount of electricity which can be charged and discharged by overcharge decreases.
- the processing shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 3 and 4 is different from the processing shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 1 and 2 in which the charge electricity amount is controlled for each charging cycle, every time the charging cycle is executed several times. Since the amount of charged electricity is controlled, there is an advantage that user convenience is improved.
- Control method in the first region, the electric amount and the amount of charge in each charge cycle multiplied by the appropriate coefficient R 1 to discharge electricity quantity in the immediately preceding discharge cycle of the charge cycle Can be managed.
- the charge electricity amount in each charge cycle in the second region, is obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle by an appropriate coefficient R 2. It can be managed to be a quantity. Therefore, it is preferable as a means for preventing a decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged in the lead storage battery.
- FIG. 1 In an electric vehicle using a lead-acid battery as a power source, for example, assuming a case where a long charge (about several hours) is performed at night while repeating a short charge (about several tens of minutes) during the daytime of the driver, FIG. It is difficult to perform charging each time satisfying the flowchart of 2 (that is, charging to obtain a charge electricity amount C 1m obtained by multiplying the previous discharge electricity amount D 1m ⁇ 1 by a coefficient R 1 ). In this case, as shown in FIGS.
- the first total charge electricity amount C 1 is managed to be a value obtained by multiplying the first set value D 1 by the coefficient R 1
- the second overall charge electricity amount C 2 is By managing to be a value obtained by multiplying the second set value D 2 by a coefficient R 2 , charging is performed with a charge quantity obtained by multiplying the discharge quantity in the discharge cycle immediately before the charge by a coefficient each time charging is performed.
- the effects of the first embodiment can be obtained, though the control method does not reach the control method according to the flowcharts of FIGS.
- the storage unit 40 (see FIG. 11) stores data representing the correlation between the number of charge / discharge cycles and the capacity of the lead storage battery as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the correlation between the number of charge / discharge cycles and the capacity of the lead storage battery.
- This correlation example is for a lead-acid battery with a nominal capacity of 50 Ah, with a discharge temperature of 20 A and a discharge amount of 48 Ah for each charge / discharge cycle under conditions of a surface temperature of 25 degrees and 45 degrees. It is obtained by performing discharge and subsequent 5-stage constant current charging.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of five-stage constant current charge control from a state where DOD (depth of discharge; ratio of discharge amount to rated capacity) is 80%.
- DOD depth of discharge; ratio of discharge amount to rated capacity
- CA the reciprocal of the time rate.
- the charging current is gradually reduced to the second charging current (2), the third charging current (3), and the fourth charging current (4).
- the charging current is switched from the fourth charging current (4) to the fifth charging current (5).
- the fifth charging current (5) has the same current value as the fourth charging current (4).
- Charging after the charging current is switched to the fifth charging current (5) is performed in a state where the battery voltage is not limited. That is, as shown in the figure, even when the battery voltage exceeds the switching voltage V, charging is performed for a predetermined time (for example, 2.5 hours) with the fifth charging current (4). Thereafter, charging ends.
- the charging with the fifth charging current (5) is charging for bringing the battery into a fully charged state. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of charged electricity is between 107 and 115% of the amount of discharged electricity. Therefore, the charging with the fifth charging current (5) is continued even if the battery voltage exceeds the switching voltage V.
- the microcomputer 4 is obtained by multiplying the number of charge / discharge cycles (150) by the amount of discharge electricity (48 Ah) in one charge / discharge cycle.
- the amount (7200 Ah) is set as the first set value D 1 .
- the microcomputer 4 is obtained by multiplying the number of charge / discharge cycles (50) by the amount of discharge electricity in one charge / discharge cycle (ie, 48 Ah). the (2400Ah), the first set value D 1.
- the coefficient R 1 is set to a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the coefficient R 2 is set to a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the coefficient the ratio R 1 / R 2 of R 1 and coefficient R 2 is characterized in that a 1 ⁇ R 1 / R 2 ⁇ 1.66.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the charging efficiency of a control valve type lead storage battery, FIG. 7A shows the charging efficiency in the first region, and FIG. 7B shows the charging efficiency in the second region.
- the ratio of the actual charge electricity to the capacity of the lead storage battery exceeds 80%, the ratio of the actual discharge electricity to the capacity of the lead storage battery (vertical).
- the ratio of actual discharge electricity to the capacity of the lead-acid battery gradually decreases, the ratio of actual discharge electricity to the capacity of the lead-acid battery (vertical axis)
- the ratio (horizontal axis) of the actual amount of charge to the capacity of the lead storage battery needs to be 100% or more.
- the charge charge in each charge cycle is set to each charge. It is necessary to make it larger than the amount of discharge electricity (capacity of the lead storage battery) in the discharge cycle immediately before the cycle. Therefore, the value R 1 to multiplying each discharge electric quantity is 1 or more.
- the amount of extra charge electricity generated when the ratio of the amount of discharged electricity to the capacity of the lead storage battery is 90% is the range of the horizontal axis indicated by the arrow A in FIG.
- the second region is larger than the first region.
- the inventors have found that the amount of extra charge electricity (horizontal axis indicated by the arrow in FIG. 7B) is the minimum amount of electricity. I found out that Therefore, in the second region, it is desirable to set the range of R 2 to 0.9 to 1.25 in order to minimize the extra charge electricity amount.
- the present inventors conducted experiments while changing the value of R 1 within the range of 1 to 1.5 and changing the value of R 2 within the range of 0.9 to 1.25. If the ratio R 1 / R 2 between the value of R 1 and the value of R 2 is 1 ⁇ R 1 / R 2 ⁇ 1.66, the integrated value of the discharge electric quantity in the entire second region The ratio of the integrated value of the charged electricity amount in the entire second region may be smaller than the ratio of the integrated value of the charged electricity amount in the entire first region to the integrated value of the discharged electricity amount in the entire first region. I found that I can do it. Therefore, the ratio R 1 / R 2 between the value of R 1 and the value of R 2 is preferably 1 ⁇ R 1 / R 2 ⁇ 1.66.
- the third embodiment in the second embodiment, the charge-discharge cycle in advance for each repeating set number P 1 of the first region, the charged electricity quantity in the immediately following charge cycle, the charging cycle execution immediately after the The charging electric quantity is set such that a value RP1 obtained by dividing the subsequent first integrated charging electric quantity by the first integrated discharging electric quantity at that time becomes a value within the range of 1 to 1.5.
- the fourth embodiment in the second embodiment, the charge-discharge cycle in advance for each repeating set number P 2 in the second region, the charged electricity quantity in the immediately following charge cycle, the charging cycle immediately after The charge charge quantity is such that a value RP2 obtained by dividing the second accumulated charge charge quantity after execution by the second accumulated discharge charge quantity at that time becomes a value within the range of 1 to 1.5. It is characterized by.
- FIG 8 and 9 are flowcharts showing an example of the control method of the third and fourth embodiments.
- step S200 When a lead-acid battery is a power supply is started using the unused state, the first calculation of the set value D 1 is performed (step S200). Then, in the lead storage battery, charging at step S201 charges an arbitrary amount of charge C 1m-1 , discharge at step S202 of an arbitrary amount of discharge electricity D 1m-1 (where C 1m-1 > D 1m-1 ), and the charging of any amount of charge C 1 m in step S203 is performed.
- the first error calculation unit 45 calculates the amount of electricity (first value) obtained by multiplying the amount of charged electricity C 1m by the coefficient R p1 set in advance to the amount of discharged electricity D 1m ⁇ 1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle.
- An error obtained by subtracting the reference discharge electric quantity is calculated (step S204; first error calculation step).
- the calculated error is sequentially integrated by the first error integrated value calculating unit 46 (see FIG. 11) to calculate the first error integrated value (step S205; first error integrated value calculating step).
- step S206 an arbitrary amount of discharge electricity D 1m is discharged.
- the 1st calculating part 41 calculates a 1st integration charge electric quantity (step S207; 1st calculation step).
- the 1st calculating part 41 calculates a 1st integrated discharge electricity amount (step S208; 1st calculation step).
- the first accumulated discharge quantity after discharge in steps S202 and S206 is the accumulated discharge quantity obtained by adding the discharge quantity D 1m in step S206 to the discharge quantity D 1m-1 in step S202. D.
- the controller 43 determines whether or not the number of times of charging / discharging so far exceeds a preset number of times P 1 (for example, a number in the range of 2 to 20 times) (step S209). When the charge and discharge times is less than the number of P 1 (NO in step S209), until the charge and discharge count is determined to exceed the number of P 1, the processing of steps S203 ⁇ S208 are repeated.
- P 1 for example, a number in the range of 2 to 20 times
- control unit 43 counts the number of charge / discharge cycles including the charge cycle and the discharge cycle immediately after the charge cycle. Each time the processes of steps S209 and S211 are performed, the charge / discharge cycle counted so far is counted. The number is reset, and the number of charge / discharge cycles is counted again (count step).
- step S210 if the charge and discharge count is determined to exceed the number of P 1, the control unit 43, the first error integration value at that time, the discharge electric quantity D in the first discharge A charge amount obtained by adding an amount of electricity obtained by multiplying 1m ⁇ 1 by a preset coefficient R 1 is charged. (Step S210).
- the determination unit 42 determines whether the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity far exceeds the first set value D 1 (step S211; determination step). If the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity is less than the first set value D 1 (NO in step S211), determination unit 42 determines that the life cycle of lead-acid battery is the first region at the present time (step S212) . And the control part 43 resets the counted charging / discharging frequency
- the life cycle of lead-acid battery is the second region at the present time Is determined (step S213).
- step S214 charging with an arbitrary amount of charged electricity C 2n-1 in step S214, discharging of an arbitrary amount of discharged electricity D 2n-1 in step S215, and charging of an arbitrary amount of charged electricity C 2n in step 216 are performed.
- the second error calculation unit 48 (see FIG. 11) is charged electricity quantity C from 2n, the coefficient is set to a value smaller than previously coefficient R p1 to discharge electric quantity D 2n-1 in the discharge cycle immediately preceding R p2 An error obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity multiplied by (second reference discharge amount of electricity) is calculated (step S217; second error calculating step). The calculated error is sequentially integrated by the second error integrated value calculating unit 49 (see FIG. 11) to calculate the second error integrated value (step S218; second error integrated value calculating step).
- step S219 discharge with an arbitrary amount of discharge electricity D 1n is performed.
- the 2nd calculating part 44 calculates the 2nd integral charge electric charge (step S220; 2nd calculation step).
- the calculating part 41 calculates a 2nd integrated discharge electricity amount (step S221; 2nd calculation step). The processing described above is repeated until it is determined in step S222 that the value representing the number of times of charging / discharging so far exceeds a preset number of times P 2 (for example, a number in the range of 2 to 20 times). Done.
- control unit 43 counts the number of charge / discharge cycles including the charge cycle and the discharge cycle immediately after the charge cycle, and each time the processes of steps S222 and S224 are performed, the charge / discharge cycle counted so far is counted. The number is reset, and the number of charge / discharge cycles is counted again (count step).
- step S22 but when the value representing the number of times of charge and discharge of far is determined to exceed the number of times P 2 set in advance, the control unit 43, the second error integration value at that time, in the first discharge A charge electricity amount obtained by adding an electricity amount obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount D 2n ⁇ 1 by a preset coefficient R 2 is charged (step S223).
- the determination unit 42 determines whether the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity far exceeds the second setting value D 2 (step S224).
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity is, if it is determined to exceed the second set value D 2 (YES in step S224), the notification unit 6 performs lifetime incoming notification (step S225).
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity is, if it is determined that less than the second set value D 2 exceeds (NO in step S224), the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity second set value D 2 Steps S216 to S223 are repeated until it is determined.
- the control unit 43 calculates the first accumulated charge amount after execution of the immediately subsequent charge cycle every time the charge / discharge cycle is repeated a preset number of times P 1 in the first region. Charging is performed so as to obtain a charge electricity amount obtained by multiplying the first integrated discharge electricity amount at that time by a coefficient RP1 set to a value within the range of 1 to 1.5.
- control unit 43 a charge-discharge cycle in advance for each repeating set number P 2 in the second region, the second cumulative amount of charge after charging cycles performed immediately thereafter, the second accumulated discharge electricity at that time Charging is performed so that the amount of charge is multiplied by a coefficient RP2 set to a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25. Therefore, the amount of charged electricity is controlled at a frequency that more closely matches the usage mode of the user's lead storage battery.
- the coefficient R p1 and the coefficient R p2 is the ratio R p1 / R p2 of the coefficients R p1 and the coefficient R p2 is set so that 1 ⁇ R p1 / R p2 ⁇ 1.66.
- the coefficient R P1 is set to a value within the range of 1 to 1.5
- the coefficient R P2 is set to a value within the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the coefficient R p1 is why the ratio R p1 / R p2 of the coefficient R p2 is set so that 1 ⁇ R p1 / R p2 ⁇ 1.66 is the same as setting the values of and the coefficient R2 of coefficients R1 is there.
- the fifth embodiment is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, the ratio D S1 / D max between the maximum value D max and the first set value D 1 is in the range of 20 to 200. It is known that a general lead-acid battery has this D 1 / D max within a range of 20 to 200, depending on the constituent conditions such as the composition of the electrolyte. Further, it is known that the capacity of the lead storage battery becomes the maximum value D max when the first integrated discharge electric quantity reaches the first set value D 1 without fully charging and discharging the lead storage battery. Knowing these, by grasping the lead dioxide mass used in the lead-acid battery, it is possible to estimate the first set value D 1 approximately.
- the mass of lead dioxide used in the lead storage battery can be grasped by disassembling the lead storage battery and performing quantitative analysis.
- the sixth embodiment is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, the configuration of the lead storage battery is a control valve type.
- a lead-acid battery takes in and separates sulfate ions (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) in an electrolytic solution as it is charged and discharged. Since the control valve type lead-acid battery reduces the amount of the electrolyte compared to the liquid type used in the cell starter for internal combustion automobiles, the influence of the electrolyte on the charge / discharge reaction described above is reduced. Since the distinction between the region and the second region becomes clear, the effect of using the control method of the present embodiment is increased.
- control valve type lead-acid battery is configured such that oxygen gas generated from the positive electrode is absorbed by the negative electrode on the principle of operation. If the amount of the electrolytic solution is excessive, the electrolytic solution closes the gas diffusion path from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, so that absorption of oxygen gas at the negative electrode is hindered. Therefore, in the control valve type lead acid battery, the amount of the electrolytic solution is limited as compared with the liquid type lead acid battery. Therefore, the capacity of the lead storage battery is likely to fluctuate according to the activity of the positive electrode active material, not the amount of the electrolytic solution. Thus, classification of the first region and the second region to the first setting value D 1 of the active material of the positive electrode is activated begins to deactivation as a boundary is clear, the effect of using a control method of this embodiment Becomes larger.
- the seventh embodiment is an embodiment shown below.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the power supply system of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of functional modules of the microcomputer 4.
- the lead storage battery 1 is electrically connected to a charger 2 for charging it and a load 3 for discharging it.
- the lead storage battery 1 is also connected to the microcomputer 4.
- the microcomputer 4 is connected to the notification unit 6.
- reports to a user that the lifetime of a lead storage battery has come by a voice message, a display, etc.
- the notification unit 6 may be directly connected to the microcomputer 4, but the notification unit 6 and the microcomputer 4 are connected to a wireless network such as Bluetooth (registered trademark), a wired network including optical communication, or a telephone. It may be connected via an existing information network such as a line.
- the information regarding the state of the lead acid battery which the microcomputer 4 emits (for example, the information which shows that the life of the lead acid battery has come) will be sent from the lead acid battery 1 or the microcomputer 4 to the notification part 6 of the remote place. It is possible to notify.
- one lead storage battery 1 includes a plurality of information storage units 6.
- the notification units 6 can be made to correspond to notify the respective notification units 6 of information related to the state of the lead storage battery 1.
- a maintenance / inspection worker can be dispatched to the maintenance / inspection of the lead storage battery 1 from a service station that can respond.
- reporting part 6 is comprised by a mobile telephone terminal or a PHS terminal, for example, these terminals are carried by the maintenance inspection worker, and the state of a lead storage battery is shown on these terminals.
- Information and position information of the lead storage battery (hereinafter referred to as information related to the lead storage battery 1) may be sent out for notification.
- the information on the lead storage battery 1 is not sent to all portable notification units 6, but the position information of the notification unit 6 measured using a GPS signal and the work free time of the maintenance inspection worker are taken into consideration. Then, only the notification unit 6 that is located near the lead storage battery 1 that requires maintenance and that is carried by a maintenance and inspection worker who has a work spare time sends out information about the lead storage battery 1 to be notified. Also good. Furthermore, it is good also as a structure which sends out and alert
- the state of the lead storage battery 1 is notified by the notification unit 6, which is sufficient for each of these measures. This makes it possible to perform a quicker response by a maintenance / inspection worker who has a good response capability.
- the microcomputer 4 includes at least a storage unit 40, a first calculation unit 41, a determination unit 42, a control unit 43, a second calculation unit 44, a first error calculation unit 45, a first error integrated value.
- a calculation unit 46, a first percentage calculation unit (first ratio calculation unit) 47, a second error calculation unit 48, a second error integrated value calculation unit 49, and a second percentage calculation unit (second ratio calculation unit) 50 are configured. Has been.
- the storage unit 40 stores various programs for operating the microcomputer 4 and stores the first and second set values D 1 and D 2 described above.
- the storage unit 40 stores the coefficients R 1 , R 2 , R p1 , and R p2 described above. Furthermore, the storage unit 40 stores the above-described threshold values ⁇ and ⁇ , the number of times P 1 , and the number of times P 2 .
- the first calculation unit 41 calculates the first accumulated charge amount by integrating the charge amount for each charge cycle after the cycle use of the lead storage battery is started, and after the cycle use of the lead storage battery is started.
- the first accumulated discharge quantity is calculated by integrating the discharge quantity for each discharge cycle.
- the determination part 42 collates the 1st integrated discharge electricity amount which the 1st calculating part 41 calculated
- the control unit 43 performs various control processes described above. After the determination unit 42 determines that the second region is the second region, the second calculation unit 44 calculates the second integrated charge electricity amount by integrating the charge amount for each charge cycle in the second region. A second integrated discharge electricity quantity is calculated by integrating the discharge electricity quantity for each discharge cycle in the region.
- the first error calculation unit 45 predetermines from the charge electricity amount when the charge cycle is executed to the discharge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle. It computes the error obtained by subtracting the obtained first reference discharge electricity quantity multiplied by the coefficient R 1.
- the first error integration value calculation unit 46 integrates the error every time the error is calculated, and calculates a first error integration value that is an error integration value in the first region.
- the first percentage calculator 47 calculates a first percentage that is a percentage (first ratio) of the first error integrated value with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery.
- the second error calculation unit 48 determines in advance from the charge electricity amount when the charge cycle is executed to the discharge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle. was subtracted second reference discharge electricity quantity multiplied by a coefficient R 2 calculates an error obtained.
- the second error integration value calculation unit 49 integrates the error every time the error is calculated, and calculates a second error integration value that is an error integration value in the second region.
- the second percentage calculation unit 50 calculates a second percentage that is a percentage (second ratio) of the second error integrated value with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery.
- control unit 43 controls opening / closing of the switch 5 connected in series with the charger 2.
- the control of the switch 5 by the control unit 43 will be specifically described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.
- the processing of Step 103 to Step 109 is repeatedly performed until the first percentage PER1 exceeds the threshold value ⁇ , but the first percentage PER1 sets the threshold value ⁇ .
- the control unit 43 does not end the charging from the charger 2 by randomly closing the switch 5, but the amount of charged electricity is when the first percentage PER1 exceeds the threshold value ⁇ .
- the switch 5 when a charged electricity quantity obtained by adding the quantity of electricity obtained by multiplying the coefficient R 1 set in advance to discharge electric quantity D 1 m-1 in the discharge cycle immediately before the first error integration value of It closes and the charge from the charger 2 in step S111 is terminated.
- first total amount of charge is controlled to be a quantity of electricity obtained by multiplying the coefficient R 1 set in advance to the first total discharged amount of electricity.
- step S112 when the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity is determined to exceed the first set value D 1, it is determined that the second region is started by the determination unit 42 (first region is completed) The
- the control unit 43 includes a switch Rather than closing 5 at random and finishing charging from the charger 2, the amount of charged electricity becomes the second error integrated value when the second percentage PER2 exceeds the threshold value ⁇ , and the amount of discharged electricity in the immediately preceding discharge cycle
- the switch 5 is closed and the charging from the charger 2 is terminated.
- finishing the step S121 is the last discharge, when the second total discharge quantity of electricity is determined to exceed the second set value D 2, the second area by the determining unit 42 is completed (the lead-acid battery It is determined that the usage limit has been reached.
- the effect of the seventh embodiment is the same as the effect of the first embodiment.
- the coefficient R 1 is a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the coefficient R 2 is a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the effect of the eighth embodiment is the same as the effect of the second embodiment.
- the ninth embodiment is characterized in that, in the seventh embodiment, the ratio D 1 / D max between the maximum value D max and the first set value D 1 is a value in the range of 20 to 200.
- the effect of the ninth embodiment is the same as the effect of the fifth embodiment.
- the tenth embodiment is characterized in that, in the seventh embodiment, the configuration of the lead storage battery 1 is a control valve type.
- the effect of the tenth embodiment is the same as the effect of the sixth embodiment.
- the eleventh embodiment is an embodiment shown below.
- the configuration of the power supply system of the eleventh embodiment is the same as the block diagrams of FIGS. The following description will be made in detail with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS.
- step S209 when the charge and discharge count has reached the number P 1 within a predetermined range of 2 to 20 times, the charging in step 210 is performed.
- Control unit 43 in this charging, instead of closing the switch 5 randomly terminate charging from the charger 2, the charge quantity of electricity, the first error integration value when charge and discharge count has reached the number P 1 Switch 5 is closed when the amount of electricity obtained by multiplying the amount of electricity D 1m-1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle by the preset coefficient R 1 is obtained, and the switch 5 is closed in step S210. Charging from the charger 2 is terminated.
- the amount of charge in the first region can be controlled more frequently than in the seventh embodiment in which the amount of charge is controlled after the first percentage PER1 exceeds the threshold value ⁇ . it can.
- the charging in step 223 is performed.
- the controller 43 does not end the charging from the charger 2 by randomly closing the switch 5, but the amount of charging electricity is the number P 2 within the range of 2 to 20 charging / discharging times.
- the amount of charge is obtained by adding the amount of electricity obtained by multiplying the discharge error amount D 2n-1 in the immediately preceding discharge cycle by a preset coefficient R 2 to the second error integrated value when Then, the switch 5 is closed to end the charging from the charger 2 in step S223.
- the amount of charge in the second region can be controlled more frequently than in the seventh embodiment in which the amount of charge is controlled after the second percentage PER2 exceeds the threshold value ⁇ . it can.
- the coefficient R p1 is a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the coefficient R p2 is a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the coefficient R p1 is characterized in that stored in the storage unit 40 that the ratio R p1 / R p2 of the coefficient R p2 is 1 ⁇ R p1 / R p2 ⁇ 1.66.
- the effects of the twelfth embodiment are the same as those obtained by combining the first to fourth embodiments.
- the thirteenth embodiment is characterized in that, in the eleventh embodiment, the ratio D 1 / D max between the maximum value D max and the first set value D 1 is a value in the range of 20 to 200.
- the effects of the thirteenth embodiment are the same as those obtained by combining the first, third, fourth and fifth embodiments.
- the fourteenth embodiment is characterized in that, in the eleventh embodiment, the configuration of the lead storage battery 1 is a control valve type.
- the effect of the fourteenth embodiment is the same as that of the first, third, fourth and sixth embodiments combined.
- the method for controlling a lead-acid battery calculates a first accumulated charge electricity amount by integrating the charge electricity amount for each charge cycle after the cycle use of the lead-acid battery is started.
- a first calculation step of calculating the first integrated discharge electricity amount by integrating the discharge electricity amount for each discharge cycle after the cycle use is started; and the first integrated discharge electricity amount is the charge / discharge cycle of the lead storage battery.
- the lead-acid battery It is determined that the first integrated discharge electricity amount is the first region which is a partial region in the life cycle from the start of the cycle use until the end of the life of the lead storage battery.
- a determining step of determining that the second region to an area coming the life of the lead-acid battery after the first region wherein in the determination step the After determining that there are two regions, the amount of charge electricity for each charge cycle in the second region is integrated to calculate a second amount of accumulated charge electricity, and the amount of discharge electricity for each discharge cycle in the second region is calculated.
- a second calculation step of integrating and calculating a second integrated discharge electricity amount, and a first total charge electricity amount C 1 that is the first integrated charge electricity amount at the end of the first region is the first set value D.
- the amount of electricity charged in the first region is controlled so as to be multiplied by a first value R 1 set in advance, and the life of the lead storage battery is determined after being determined as the second region.
- Said second product when The second is the overall amount of charge C 2 is charged quantity of electricity, the second setting value D 2 wherein a second accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached, advance the first value R
- a control step of controlling the amount of electricity charged in the second region so that the amount of electricity multiplied by the second value R2 set to a value smaller than 1 is obtained.
- the first accumulated charge quantity that is the accumulated value of the charge quantity for each charge cycle after the cycle use of the lead acid battery is started the lead acid battery undergoes the charge / discharge cycle.
- the lead acid battery undergoes the charge / discharge cycle. in the course of the change in capacity of the lead-acid battery produced by a region where the capacity is less than the first set value D 1 is a first accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the maximum value D max.
- the active material of the positive electrode is activated and the capacity of the lead storage battery is increased.
- the lower lead oxide (PbO, PbOx (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 2)), basic sulfate ((PbO) n PbSO 4 (n 1 to 4) remaining in the positive electrode active material. ) Or sulfate (PbSO 4 ) is changed to lead dioxide and lead dioxide is activated, and its surface area is expanded, so that the amount of electricity that can be discharged per unit mass of the positive electrode active material gradually increases. It is thought to continue. In the first region, since the positive electrode active material is activated, the amount of electricity that can be charged naturally increases.
- the positive electrode active material described above is used. Activation is inhibited and deactivated, and the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged continues to decrease.
- the charge electricity amount in the first region is controlled so that the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire first region becomes equal to or greater than the integrated value of the charge electricity amount in the entire first region.
- Loss of the amount of electricity used for charging for example, the amount of electricity required for the conversion of lead lower oxide, sulfate or basic sulfate to lead dioxide, inevitably generated oxygen gas on the positive electrode plate
- the integrated value of the charged electricity amount through the first region (that is, the first total charged electricity amount C 1 that is the accumulated charged electricity amount at the end of the first region) is the first.
- the set value D 1 so that the quantity of electricity obtained by multiplying the first value R 1 which is set in advance, so as to control the amount of charge in the first region.
- the first set value D 1 is accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the first region is completed (i.e., the first total amount of charge C 1 is an integrated discharged amount of electricity at the end of the first region) are the the control method of the lead-acid battery according to the present invention, as first the entire amount of charge C 1, the first total amount of charge C 1, the amount of electricity obtained by multiplying the first value R 1 set in advance The amount of electricity charged in the first region can be controlled.
- the control method of the lead-acid battery according to the present invention in a first region, the first total amount of charge C 1 through the first region, that the first total discharged amount of electricity or amount of electricity through the first region Can do.
- the integrated value of the charged electricity amount in the entire first region becomes an integrated value equal to or larger than the integrated value of the discharged electricity amount in the entire first region. Then, the shortage of the amount of charged electricity can be avoided. Therefore, in the first region, it is possible to reduce a decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to insufficient charging.
- the second region defined in this method the first total discharged amount of electricity is accumulated discharge amount of electricity at the end of the first region is a region where the first exceeds the set value D 1.
- the deactivation of the active material of the positive electrode starts to proceed.
- the function as an active material is gradually lost when lead dioxide is subdivided, more specifically, lead dioxide having a cluster structure is subdivided and separated from the mother body. .
- the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged per unit weight of lead dioxide continues to gradually decrease.
- the grid (current collector) of the positive electrode corrodes and the amount of charge that can be charged and discharged is significantly reduced.
- the ratio of the integrated value of the charge electricity amount in the entire second region to the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire second region is relative to the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire first region.
- the charge electricity amount in the second region is controlled so as to be smaller than the ratio of the integrated value of the charge electricity amount in the entire first region, and the chargeable / dischargeable electricity is obtained by charging with an excessive charge electricity amount. There is a need to reduce the amount that decreases significantly.
- the second overall amount of charge C 2 is a second cumulative amount of charge when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached
- the second time the life of lead-acid battery has been reached second set value D 2 is accumulated discharge amount of electricity, so that the previously first second value R 2 and multiplied by the quantity of electricity which is set to a value smaller than the value R 1, the charge in the second region
- the amount of electricity is controlled.
- the second set value D 2 is accumulated discharge amount of electricity when the life of the lead-acid battery in the second region is reached (i.e., the second overall amount of charge C is an integrated discharged amount of electricity at the end of the second region 2 ) Therefore, in the method for controlling a lead-acid battery according to the present invention, the second total charge amount C 1 is set to a value smaller than the first value R 1 in advance as the second total charge amount C 2. a second value R 2 so that the electrical quantity multiplied by the, it is possible to control the amount of charge in the second region.
- the ratio of the integrated value of the charge electricity amount in the entire second region to the integrated value of the discharge electricity amount in the entire second region is set in the entire first region. It can be made smaller than the ratio of the integrated value of charge electricity in the entire first region to the integrated value of discharge electricity. Therefore, in the 2nd field, it can reduce that the amount of electricity which can be charged and discharged remarkably decreases by being charged with an excessive amount of charge electricity.
- capacitance of a lead storage battery means the amount of discharge electricity which can be taken out from a lead storage battery on a certain predetermined discharge condition. More generally, it means the amount of discharge electricity when the lead storage battery is discharged until the state of charge (SOC) of the lead storage battery reaches 0% from 100%.
- discharge conditions such as a discharge rate, a discharge end voltage, and the battery temperature at the time of discharge, are set suitably by the model or application of a lead storage battery.
- the first integrated discharge electric quantity representing the integrated value of the discharge electric quantity after the cycle use of the lead storage battery is started is between the first area and the second area.
- the first set value D 1 as a boundary can reduce a decrease in charging and discharging electric quantity by insufficient charging, after the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity exceeds the first set value D 1
- the reduction in the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged can be reduced from being promoted by overcharging.
- the life of the lead storage battery can be extended as compared with the control method of charging the lead storage battery at random. Can do.
- the first value R 1 is a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the second value R 2 is a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the ratio R 1 / R 2 between the first value R 1 and the second value R 2 is preferably greater than 1 and not greater than 1.66.
- the first value R 1 is a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the first total charge amount C 1 is set to be equal to or greater than the first total discharge amount. be able to.
- the second value R 2 is a value within the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the ratio of the second total charge electricity amount C 2 to the second total discharge electricity amount is expressed as can be 1 total charged electricity quantity C 1 is less than the proportion with respect to the first total discharged amount of electricity.
- the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity when less than the first set value D 1 which is a boundary between the first region and the second region is to prevent the decrease in the rechargeable electric quantity by the charging shortage can be, after the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity exceeds the first setting value D 1, it is possible to prevent the reduction of the rechargeable electric quantity is accelerated by over-charging.
- the activity of the active material of the positive electrode differs depending on the surface temperature of the lead storage battery.
- the activity of the positive electrode active material is higher as the surface temperature is higher and lower as the surface temperature is lower.
- the higher the activity of the positive electrode active material the larger the capacity of the lead-acid battery with a smaller integrated discharge amount of electricity (that is, a smaller number of discharge cycles), and the lower the activity of the positive electrode active material, the greater the integrated discharge amount of electricity. It has the property that the capacity of the lead-acid battery is maximized (that is, a large number of discharge cycles).
- the capacity of the lead-acid battery for calculating a first set value D 1 is an integrated discharged amount of electricity as the maximum, lead-acid battery using first available operation set value D 1 corresponding to the environment, control method suited to the use environment can be realized.
- the step of determining whether the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity computed in the second region exceeds the second setting value D 2, wherein said second accumulated discharge electricity quantity second when it exceeds the set value D 2 is preferably further comprising a step of performing notification processing, the.
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity in order to perform notification exceeds a second setting value D 2 when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached, the user may verify that the life of the lead-acid battery has been reached it can.
- the control step in the first region, and a value of charge quantity, multiplied by the value R 1 of the discharged amount of electricity in the discharge cycle the first immediately before each charging cycle of each charge cycle
- the charge electricity amount in each charge cycle is controlled so that, in the second region, the charge electricity amount in each charge cycle is equal to the discharge electricity amount in the discharge cycle immediately before each charge cycle. as a value obtained by multiplying the value R 2, it is desirable to control the amount of charge in each of the charging cycle.
- the charge electrical quantity in each charge cycle in the first region, the charge electrical quantity in each charge cycle, the charging so that the amount of charge obtained by multiplying the first value R 1 in the discharge quantity of electricity in the discharge cycle immediately before the charging cycle Is done.
- the charge electrical quantity in each charge cycle is charged so that the charged electricity quantity by multiplying the second value R 2 to the discharge electric quantity in the discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- the charge electricity amount for each charge cycle is a charge electricity amount that can reduce the decrease in the charge amount of the lead storage battery that can be charged and discharged.
- the unreasonable charge can be repeated, and the life of the lead storage battery can be further extended.
- a coefficient R 1 predetermined from a charge electricity amount when the charge cycle is executed to a discharge electricity amount in a discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- a first error calculation step of calculating an error obtained by subtracting the first reference discharge electricity quantity multiplied by the value, and integrating the error every time the error is calculated, and an integrated value of the error in the first region A first error integrated value calculating step for calculating a first error integrated value, a first ratio calculating step for calculating a first ratio that is a ratio of the first error integrated value to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery, and a calculation
- a first ratio determining step for determining whether or not the set first ratio exceeds a preset first threshold; and when it is determined that the first ratio exceeds the first threshold
- the amount of charged electricity in the charging cycle immediately thereafter is the first error at that time. Charging is performed so that the amount of charge is equal to the integrated value, and the first amount of accumulated charge is corrected. Accordingly, even if the random charging is repeated in the first region, the first total amount of charge becomes the electrical quantity multiplied by the coefficient R 1 to the first total discharged amount of electricity. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to insufficient charging in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user.
- a coefficient R 2 predetermined from a charge electricity amount at the time of executing the charge cycle to a discharge electricity amount in a discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- a second error calculating step for calculating an error obtained by subtracting the second reference discharge electricity quantity multiplied by the value, and integrating the error every time the error is calculated, and an integrated value of the error in the second region
- a second error integrated value calculating step for calculating the second error integrated value
- a second ratio calculating step for calculating a second ratio that is a ratio of the second error integrated value to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery
- a second ratio determining step for determining whether or not the second ratio is greater than a preset second threshold; and when it is determined that the second ratio is greater than the second threshold
- a charge step in which the charge amount in the immediately subsequent charge cycle is equal to the charge error amount equal to the second error integrated value at that time, and a correction step for correcting the second charge amount of charge, It is desirable to provide further.
- the amount of charge in the charge cycle immediately thereafter is the second error at that time. Charging is performed so that the amount of charge is equal to the integrated value, and the second amount of accumulated charge is corrected. Accordingly, even if the random charging is repeated in the second region, the second total amount of charge becomes the electrical quantity multiplied by a coefficient R 2 to the second total discharged amount of electricity. Therefore, in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user, it is possible to reduce a significant decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to excessive charging.
- the charge-discharge cycle in advance for each repeating set number P 1 of the first region, the first accumulated amount of charge after charging cycles performed immediately thereafter is the first accumulated discharge electricity at that time It is desirable to perform charging in the immediately following charging cycle so that the amount of electricity is obtained by multiplying the amount by a coefficient R P1 set in the range of 1 to 1.5 in advance.
- the first accumulated charge amount after the execution of the immediately subsequent charge cycle is the amount of charge that can be charged / discharged by the lead storage battery. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged due to insufficient charging in accordance with the actual usage of the user.
- the charge-discharge cycle in advance for each repeating set number P 2 in the second region, the second accumulated amount of charge after charging cycles performed immediately thereafter is the second accumulated discharge electricity at that time It is desirable to perform charging in the immediately following charging cycle so that the amount of electricity is obtained by multiplying the amount by a coefficient RP2 set in advance within a range of 0.9 to 1.25.
- the charge-discharge cycle in advance for each set is repeated several P 2 in the second region, the second cumulative amount of charge after charging cycles performed immediately thereafter are rechargeable electric quantity of the lead storage battery
- the amount of charge electricity that can reduce a significant decrease in the amount of charge is reduced, so that the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged due to excessive charging is reduced in accordance with the actual usage of the user. be able to.
- a coefficient R 1 predetermined from a charge electricity amount when the charge cycle is executed to a discharge electricity amount in a discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- a first error integrated value calculating step for calculating the first error integrated value a count step for counting the number of times the charge / discharge cycle is executed each time the charge / discharge cycle is executed in the first region, the discharge cycle for each repetition the count P 1, the charge quantity of electricity at that immediately after the charge cycle and the first error integration value equal charged electricity quantity at that time Performing charged so that a correction step of correcting the first cumulative amount of charge, further comprising desirably a.
- each time the charge / discharge cycle is repeated P 1 times in the first region charging is performed such that the charge electricity amount in the immediately subsequent charge cycle is equal to the charge error amount at that time.
- To correct the first cumulative charge electricity amount even if it is a case where random charge is repeated in the 1st field, the 1st accumulation charge quantity of electricity immediately after repeating charge / discharge cycle P 1 times becomes the 1st accumulation discharge quantity of electricity at that time.
- the quantity of electricity multiplied by the coefficient R P1 Therefore, it is possible to reduce a decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to insufficient charging in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user.
- a coefficient R 2 predetermined from a charge electricity amount at the time of executing the charge cycle to a discharge electricity amount in a discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- a second error integrated value calculating step for calculating the second error integrated value a count step for counting the number of times the charge / discharge cycle is executed each time the charge / discharge cycle is executed in the second region, the discharge cycle for each repetition the count P 2, charging electric quantity in the immediately following charge cycle equal amount of charge and the second error integration value at that time Performing charged so that a correction step of correcting the second cumulative amount of charge, further comprising desirably a.
- the charge-discharge cycle is repeated 2 times P, performs charging so that the charging quantity of electricity at the immediately following charge cycle is the second error integration value equal charged electricity quantity at that time, the 2. Correct the accumulated charge electricity amount. Accordingly, even if the random charging is repeated in the second region, the charge-discharge cycle second cumulative amount of charge immediately after repeated twice P is, the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity that time The quantity of electricity multiplied by the coefficient RP2 . Therefore, in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user, it is possible to reduce a significant decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to excessive charging.
- the preset times P 1 and P 2 be a number in the range of 2 to 20.
- the first and second integrated charge electricity quantities immediately after that can be charged / discharged can reduce the decrease in the amount of electricity. Therefore, the decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged can be reduced with an appropriate frequency in accordance with the actual usage mode of the lead storage battery.
- the ratio D 1 / D max between the maximum value D max and the first set value D 1 is preferably a ratio within a range of 20 to 200.
- control method according to the present invention can be implemented using a general lead storage battery having D 1 / D max in the range of 20 to 200.
- the lead storage battery is composed of a control valve type lead storage battery.
- a control valve type lead-acid battery has a sealed structure and cannot be replenished with electrolyte, so the capacity of the lead-acid battery is not the amount of electrolyte but the active material of the positive electrode. Fluctuates easily depending on the activity. Thus, classification of the first region and the second region to the first setting value D 1 of the active material of the positive electrode is activated begins to deactivation as a boundary is clear, the effect of using the control method of the present invention growing.
- the power supply system which concerns on the other situation of this invention is the charge for every charge cycle after the lead use battery which comprises a power supply, the charger for charging the said lead acid battery, and the cycle use of a lead acid battery was started.
- the first integrated charge electricity amount is calculated by integrating the amount of electricity and calculating the first integrated charge electricity amount, and integrating the discharge electricity amount for each discharge cycle after the cycle use of the lead storage battery is started. 1 calculation unit and the first integrated discharge electric quantity when the capacity becomes the maximum value D max in the process of changing the capacity of the lead storage battery caused by the lead storage battery going through a charge / discharge cycle.
- the second region is determined by the determination unit.
- the second is the overall amount of charge C 2 is a second cumulative amount of charge, the second accumulated discharge electricity when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached.
- the second set value D 2 which is a quantity, is multiplied by a second value R 2 set in advance to a value smaller than the first value R 1 , so that the electric quantity in the second region is obtained.
- a control unit that controls the amount of charged electricity.
- the first integrated discharge electric quantity that represents the integrated value of the discharge electric quantity after the cycle use of the lead storage battery is started is the first setting that is a boundary between the first area and the second area.
- the first setting value D 1 may reduce a decrease in charging and discharging electric quantity by insufficient charging, after the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity exceeds the first setting value D 1, a rechargeable electric It can reduce that the fall of quantity is accelerated
- the life of the lead storage battery can be extended compared with the case of charging the lead storage battery randomly. it can.
- the first value R 1 is a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the second value R 2 is a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25.
- the ratio R 1 / R 2 between the first value R 1 and the second value R 2 is preferably greater than 1 and not greater than 1.66.
- the first value R 1 is set to a value within the range of 1 to 1.5
- the first total charge amount C 1 is set to be equal to or greater than the first total discharge amount. be able to.
- the second value R 2 is a value within the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the ratio of the second total charge electricity amount C 2 to the second total discharge electricity amount is expressed as can be 1 total charged electricity quantity C 1 is smaller than the proportion of the first total discharged amount of electricity.
- the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity when less than the first set value D 1 which is a boundary between the first region and the second region is to prevent the decrease in the rechargeable electric quantity by the charging shortage can be, after the first accumulated discharge amount of electricity exceeds the first setting value D 1, it is possible to prevent the reduction of the rechargeable electric quantity is accelerated by over-charging.
- control unit depending on the surface temperature of the lead storage battery, it is desirable to calculate the first set value D 1.
- the capacity of the lead-acid battery for calculating a first set value D 1 is an integrated discharged amount of electricity as the maximum, lead-acid battery using first available operation set value D 1 corresponding to the environment, control method suited to the use environment can be realized.
- a notification unit for performing a notification process, the determining unit, whether the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity computed in the second region exceeds the second setting value D 2 determined, the notification unit, by the determination unit, when the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity is determined to exceed the second set value D 2, it is desirable to perform the notification process.
- the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity in order to perform notification exceeds a second setting value D 2 when the life of the lead-acid battery is reached, the user may verify that the life of the lead-acid battery has been reached it can.
- the charge electrical quantity in each charge cycle in the first region, the charge electrical quantity in each charge cycle, the charging so that the amount of charge obtained by multiplying the first value R 1 in the discharge quantity of electricity in the discharge cycle immediately before the charging cycle Is done.
- the charge electrical quantity in each charge cycle is charged so that the charged electricity quantity by multiplying the second value R 2 to the discharge electric quantity in the discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- the charge electricity amount for each charge cycle is a charge electricity amount that can reduce the decrease in the charge amount of the lead storage battery that can be charged and discharged.
- the unreasonable charge can be repeated, and the life of the lead storage battery can be further extended.
- a first error calculation unit for calculating an error obtained by subtracting the first reference discharge electric quantity multiplied by R 1 , and integrating the error every time the error is calculated;
- a first error integrated value calculator that calculates a first error integrated value that is an integrated value; and a first ratio calculator that calculates a first ratio that is a ratio of the first error integrated value to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery;
- the determination unit determines whether or not the calculated first ratio exceeds a preset first threshold value, and the control unit determines that the first ratio is the first ratio.
- the charge electricity amount in the immediately subsequent charge cycle is the first error at that time. Charging is performed so that the amount of charge is equal to the integrated value, and the first amount of accumulated charge is corrected. Accordingly, even if the random charging is repeated in the first region, the first total amount of charge becomes the electrical quantity multiplied by the coefficient R 1 to the first total discharged amount of electricity. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to insufficient charging in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user.
- a second error calculation part for calculating an error obtained by subtracting the second reference discharge electricity quantity multiplied by R 2, the error by integrating each time the error is calculated, the error in the second region A second error integrated value calculator that calculates a second error integrated value that is an integrated value; a second ratio calculator that calculates a second ratio that is a ratio of the second error integrated value to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery;
- the determination unit determines whether the calculated second rate exceeds a preset second threshold, and the control unit determines that the second rate is the second rate. Judged to exceed the threshold When the charging is performed, charging is performed such that the amount of charge in the charge cycle immediately thereafter becomes equal to the amount of charge charged at that time, and the second amount of accumulated charge is corrected. desirable.
- the second region when the ratio of the second error integrated value with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery exceeds the second threshold, the amount of charge in the charge cycle immediately after that is the second error at that time. Charging is performed so that the amount of charge is equal to the integrated value, and the second amount of accumulated charge is corrected. Accordingly, even if the random charging is repeated in the second region, the second total amount of charge becomes the electrical quantity multiplied by a coefficient R 2 to the second total discharged amount of electricity. Therefore, in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user, it is possible to reduce a significant decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to excessive charging.
- the first accumulated amount of charge after charging cycles performed immediately after the said at that time Charging in the immediately following charging cycle is performed so that the first integrated discharge electricity amount is multiplied by a preset coefficient RP1, and the charge / discharge cycle is preset in the second region P 2.
- the second cumulative charge electricity amount after the execution of the immediately subsequent charge cycle is multiplied by a coefficient RP2 that is set in advance to a value smaller than the coefficient Rp1. It is desirable to perform charging in the immediately following charging cycle so that the amount of electricity is equal.
- the first accumulated charge amount after the execution of the immediately subsequent charge cycle is the amount of charge that can be charged / discharged by the lead storage battery. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged due to insufficient charging in accordance with the actual usage of the user.
- a coefficient R 1 that is predetermined from a charge electricity amount when the charge cycle is executed to a discharge electricity amount in a discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- a first error calculation unit that calculates an error obtained by subtracting the first reference discharge electricity quantity multiplied by the value, and integrates the error every time the error is calculated, and an integrated value of the error in the first region
- a first error integrated value calculation unit that calculates a first error integrated value, and the control unit executes the charge / discharge cycle each time the charge / discharge cycle is executed in the first region.
- the charge-discharge cycle for each repetition the count P 1 equal amount of charge at that immediately after the charge cycle and the first error integration value at that time It performs charging so that the amount of charge, it is desirable to perform the correction of the first accumulated amount of charge.
- a coefficient R 2 that is predetermined from a charge electricity amount when the charge cycle is executed to a discharge electricity amount in a discharge cycle immediately before the charge cycle.
- a second error integrated value calculation unit that calculates a second error integrated value, and the control unit executes the charge / discharge cycle each time the charge / discharge cycle is executed in the second region.
- the charge-discharge cycle for each repetition the count P 2 equal amount of charge at that immediately after the charge cycle and the second error integration value at that time It performs charging so that the amount of charge, it is desirable to perform the correction of the second accumulated amount of charge.
- the charge-discharge cycle is repeated 2 times P, performs charging so that the charging quantity of electricity at the immediately following charge cycle is the second error integration value equal charged electricity quantity at that time, the 2. Correct the accumulated charge electricity amount. Accordingly, even if the random charging is repeated in the second region, the charge-discharge cycle second cumulative amount of charge immediately after repeated twice P is, the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity that time The quantity of electricity multiplied by the coefficient RP2 . Therefore, in accordance with the actual usage of the lead storage battery of the user, it is possible to reduce a significant decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged due to excessive charging.
- the preset times P 1 and P 2 be a number in the range of 2 to 20.
- the first and second integrated charge electricity quantities immediately after that can be charged / discharged can reduce the decrease in the amount of electricity. Therefore, the decrease in the amount of electricity that can be charged / discharged can be reduced with an appropriate frequency in accordance with the actual usage mode of the lead storage battery.
- the coefficient R P1 is a value in the range of 1 to 1.5
- the coefficient R P2 is a value in the range of 0.9 to 1.25
- the ratio R P1 / R P2 between the coefficient R P2 and the coefficient R P2 is preferably greater than 1 and not greater than 1.66.
- the coefficient R 1 is set to a value in the range of 1 to 1.5. Therefore, every time the charge / discharge cycle in the first region is repeated P 1 times, the first integrated charge amount immediately after that is repeated. Can be a quantity of electricity equal to or greater than the first cumulative discharge quantity of electricity at that time. Further, since the coefficient R 2 is a value within a range from 0.9 to 1.25 second cumulative amount of charge immediately after its, the ratio with respect to the second accumulated discharge amount of electricity that time The first integrated charge amount immediately after the charge / discharge cycle is repeated P 1 times in the first region can be made smaller than the proportion of the first integrated discharge amount of electricity at that time.
- the ratio D 1 / D max between the maximum value D max and the first set value D 1 is preferably a ratio within a range of 20 to 200.
- the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery.
- a control valve type lead-acid battery has a sealed structure and cannot be replenished with electrolyte, so the capacity of the lead-acid battery is not the amount of electrolyte but the active material of the positive electrode. Fluctuates easily depending on the activity. Therefore, according to this configuration, divided between the first region and the second region to the first setting value D 1 of the active material of the positive electrode is activated begins to deactivation as a boundary becomes clear.
- the lead storage battery control method and power supply system according to the present invention promotes the use of a lead storage battery that is tough-use and highly safe as a power source for electric vehicles that are mainly charged irregularly. The impact on is great.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
- 鉛蓄電池のサイクル使用が開始されてからの充電サイクル毎の充電電気量を積算して第1積算充電電気量を演算するとともに、前記鉛蓄電池のサイクル使用が開始されてからの放電サイクル毎の放電電気量を積算して第1積算放電電気量を演算する第1演算ステップと、
前記第1積算放電電気量が、前記鉛蓄電池が充放電サイクルを経ることにより生じる当該鉛蓄電池の容量の変化の過程において、当該容量が最大値Dmaxとなるときの前記第1積算放電電気量である第1設定値D1に満たないときには、前記鉛蓄電池のサイクル使用が開始されてから前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来するまでのライフサイクルにおける一部の領域である第1領域であると判定し、前記第1積算放電電気量が前記第1設定値D1を超えているときには、前記第1領域の後の領域であって前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来するまでの第2領域であると判定する判定ステップと、
前記判定ステップにおいて前記第2領域であると判断された後、前記第2領域における充電サイクル毎の充電電気量を積算して第2積算充電電気量を演算するとともに、前記第2領域における放電サイクル毎の放電電気量を積算して第2積算放電電気量を演算する第2演算ステップと、
前記第1領域の最後における前記第1積算充電電気量である第1全体充電電気量C1が、前記第1設定値D1に、予め設定された第1の値R1を乗じた電気量となるように、前記第1領域における充電電気量を制御し、
前記第2領域と判断された後、前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来したときの前記第2積算充電電気量である第2全体充電電気量C2が、前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来したときの前記第2積算放電電気量である前記第2設定値D2に、予め前記第1の値R1よりも小さな値に設定された第2の値R2を乗じた電気量となるように、前記第2領域における充電電気量を制御する制御ステップと、
を備えることを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記第1の値R1は、1~1.5の範囲内の値とされ、
前記第2の値R2は、0.9~1.25の範囲内の値とされ、
且つ、前記第1の値R1と前記第2の値R2との間の比率R1/R2は、1を超え、1.66以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記鉛蓄電池の表面温度に応じて、前記第1設定値D1を演算する設定値演算ステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 前記第2領域において演算された前記第2積算放電電気量が前記第2設定値D2を超えているか否かを判断するステップと、
前記第2積算放電電気量が前記第2設定値D2を超えているときには、報知処理を行うステップと、をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記制御ステップにおいて、
前記第1領域において、各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量が、前記各充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第1の値R1を乗じた値となるように、前記各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量を制御し、
前記第2領域において、各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量が、前記各充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第2の値R2を乗じた値となるように、前記各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記第1領域において充電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充電サイクルを実行したときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R1を乗じた第1基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第1誤差演算ステップと、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第1領域における前記誤差の積算値である第1誤差積算値を演算する第1誤差積算値演算ステップと、
前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対する前記第1誤差積算値の割合を演算する第1割合演算ステップと、
演算された前記第1割合が予め設定された第1閾値を超えているか否かを判定する第1割合判定ステップと、
前記第1割合が前記第1閾値を超えていると判定されたときには、その直後の充電サイクルにおいて、そのときの前記第1誤差積算値に、その直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第1閾値を乗じた電気量を加算して得られる充電電気量を充電して、前記第1積算充電電気量の補正を行う補正ステップと、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記第2領域において充電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充電サイクルを実行したときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R2を乗じた第2基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第2誤差演算ステップと、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第2領域における前記誤差の積算値である第2誤差積算値を演算する第2誤差積算値演算ステップと、
前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対する前記第2誤差積算値の割合である第2割合を演算する第2割合演算ステップと、
演算された前記第2割合が予め設定された第2閾値を超えているか否かを判定する第2割合判定ステップと、
前記第2割合が前記第2閾値を超えていると判定されたときには、その直後の充電サイクルにおいて、そのときの前記第2誤差積算値に、その直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第2閾値を乗じた電気量を加算して得られる充電電気量を充電して、前記第2積算充電電気量の補正を行う補正ステップと、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記第1領域において充放電サイクルを予め設定された回数P1繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクル実行後の前記第1積算充電電気量が、そのときの前記第1積算放電電気量に予め1~1.5の範囲内で設定された係数RP1を乗じた電気量となるように、当該直後の充電サイクルにおける充電を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 前記第2領域において充放電サイクルを予め設定された回数P2繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクル実行後の前記第2積算充電電気量が、そのときの前記第2積算放電電気量に予め0.9~1.25の範囲内で設定された係数RP2を乗じた電気量となるように、当該直後の充電サイクルにおける充電を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 前記第1領域において充電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充電サイクルを実行したときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R1を乗じた第1基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第1誤差演算ステップと、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第1領域における前記誤差の積算値である第1誤差積算値を演算する第1誤差積算値演算ステップと、
前記第1領域において充放電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充放電サイクルを実行した回数をカウントするカウントステップと、
前記充放電サイクルを前記回数P1繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクルにおける充電電気量がそのときの前記第1誤差積算値と等しい充電電気量となるように充電を行って、前記第1積算充電電気量の補正を行う補正ステップと、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記第2領域において充電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充電サイクルを実行したときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R2を乗じた第2基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第2誤差演算ステップと、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第2領域における前記誤差の積算値である第2誤差積算値を演算する第2誤差積算値演算ステップと、
前記第2領域において充放電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充放電サイクルを実行した回数をカウントするカウントステップと、
前記充放電サイクルを前記回数P2繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクルにおける充電電気量がそのときの前記第2誤差積算値と等しい充電電気量となるように充電を行って、前記第2積算充電電気量の補正を行う補正ステップと、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。 - 前記予め設定された回数P1は、2~20の範囲内の回数であることを特徴とする請求項8又は請求項10に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 前記予め設定された回数P2は、2~20の範囲内の回数であることを特徴とする請求項9又は請求項11に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 前記最大値Dmaxと、前記第1設定値D1との間の比率D1/Dmaxは、20~200の範囲内の比率であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 前記鉛蓄電池は、制御弁式鉛蓄電池で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池の制御方法。
- 電源を構成する鉛蓄電池と、
前記鉛蓄電池を充電するための充電器と、
鉛蓄電池のサイクル使用が開始されてからの充電サイクル毎の充電電気量を積算して第1積算充電電気量を演算するとともに、前記鉛蓄電池のサイクル使用が開始されてからの放電サイクル毎の放電電気量を積算して第1積算放電電気量を演算する第1演算部と、
前記第1積算放電電気量が、前記鉛蓄電池が充放電サイクルを経ることにより生じる当該鉛蓄電池の容量の変化の過程において、当該容量が最大値Dmaxとなるときの前記第1積算放電電気量である第1設定値D1に満たないときには、前記鉛蓄電池のサイクル使用が開始されてから前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来するまでのライフサイクルにおける一部の領域である第1領域であると判定し、前記第1積算放電電気量が前記第1設定値D1を超えているときには、前記第1領域の後の領域であって前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来するまでの第2領域であると判定する判定部と、
前記判定部によって前記第2領域であると判断された後、前記第2領域における充電サイクル毎の充電電気量を積算して第2積算充電電気量を演算するとともに、前記第2領域における放電サイクル毎の放電電気量を積算して第2積算放電電気量を演算する第2演算部と、
前記第1領域の最後における前記第1積算充電電気量である第1全体充電電気量C1が、前記第1設定値D1に、予め設定された第1の値R1を乗じた電気量となるように、前記第1領域における充電電気量を制御し、
前記判定部によって前記第2領域と判断された後、前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来したときの前記第2積算充電電気量である第2全体充電電気量C2が、前記鉛蓄電池の寿命が到来したときの前記第2積算放電電気量である前記第2設定値D2に、予め前記第1の値R1よりも小さな値に設定された第2の値R2を乗じた電気量となるように、前記第2領域における前記充電電気量を制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする電源システム。 - 前記第1の値R1は、1~1.5の範囲内の値とされ、
前記第2の値R2は、0.9~1.25の範囲内の値とされ、
且つ、前記第1の値R1と前記第2の値R2との間の比率R1/R2は、1を超え、1.66以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の電源システム。 - 前記制御部は、
前記鉛蓄電池の表面温度に応じて、前記第1設定値D1を演算することを特徴とする請求項16又は請求項17に記載の電源システム。 - 報知処理を行うための報知部をさらに備えており、
前記判定部は、前記第2領域において演算された前記第2積算放電電気量が前記第2設定値D2を超えているかを判定し、
前記報知部は、前記判定部によって、前記第2積算放電電気量が前記第2設定値D2を超えていると判断されたときには、報知処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項16乃至請求項18のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記制御部は、
前記第1領域において、各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量が、前記各充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第1の値R1を乗じた値となるように、前記各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量を制御し、
前記第2領域において、各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量が、前記各充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第2の値R2を乗じた値となるように、前記各充電サイクルにおける充電電気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項16乃至請求項18のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記第1領域において充電サイクルが実行される毎に、当該充電サイクルが実行されたときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R1を乗じた第1基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第1誤差演算部と、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第1領域における前記誤差の積算値である第1誤差積算値を演算する第1誤差積算値演算部と、
前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対する前記第1誤差積算値の割合である第1割合を演算する第1割合演算部と、をさらに備えており、
前記判定部は、演算された前記第1割合が予め設定された第1閾値を超えているか否かを判定し、
前記制御部は、前記第1割合が前記第1閾値を超えていると判定されたときには、その直後の充電サイクルにおいて、そのときの前記第1誤差積算値に、その直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第1閾値を乗じた電気量を加算して得られる充電電気量を充電して、前記第1積算充電電気量の補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項16乃至請求項18のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記第2領域において充電サイクルが実行される毎に、当該充電サイクルが実行されたときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R2を乗じた第2基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第2誤差演算部と、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第2領域における前記誤差の積算値である第2誤差積算値を演算する第2誤差積算値演算部と、
前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対する前記第2誤差積算値の割合である第2割合を演算する第2割合演算部と、をさらに備えており、
前記判定部は、演算された前記第2割合が予め設定された第2閾値を超えているか否かを判定し、
前記制御部は、前記第2割合が前記第2閾値を超えていると判定されたときには、その直後の充電サイクルにおいて、そのときの前記第2誤差積算値に、その直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に前記第2閾値を乗じた電気量を加算して得られる充電電気量を充電して、前記第2積算充電電気量の補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項16乃至請求項18のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記制御部は、
前記第1領域において充放電サイクルを予め設定された回数P1繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクル実行後の前記第1積算充電電気量が、そのときの前記第1積算放電電気量に予め設定された係数RP1を乗じた電気量となるように、当該直後の充電サイクルにおける充電を行い、
前記第2領域において充放電サイクルを予め設定された回数P2繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクル実行後の前記第2積算充電電気量が、そのときの前記第2積算放電電気量に予め前記係数Rp1よりも小さな値に設定された係数RP2を乗じた電気量となるように、当該直後の充電サイクルにおける充電を行うことを特徴とする請求項16乃至請求項18に記載の電源システム。 - 前記第1領域において充電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充電サイクルを実行したときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R1を乗じた第1基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第1誤差演算部と、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第1領域における前記誤差の積算値である第1誤差積算値を演算する第1誤差積算値演算部と、をさらに備えており、
前記制御部は、
前記第1領域において充放電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充放電サイクルを実行した回数をカウントするカウントし、
前記充放電サイクルを前記回数P1繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクルにおける充電電気量がそのときの前記第1誤差積算値と等しい充電電気量となるように充電を行って、前記第1積算充電電気量の補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項23に記載の電源システム。 - 前記第2領域において充電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充電サイクルを実行したときの充電電気量から、当該充電サイクルの直前の放電サイクルにおける放電電気量に予め定められた係数R2を乗じた第2基準放電電気量を減じて得られる誤差を演算する第2誤差演算部と、
前記誤差が演算される毎に前記誤差を積算して、前記第2領域における前記誤差の積算値である第2誤差積算値を演算する第2誤差積算値演算部と、をさらに備えており、
前記制御部は、
前記第2領域において充放電サイクルを実行する毎に、当該充放電サイクルを実行した回数をカウントするカウントし、
前記充放電サイクルを前記回数P2繰り返す毎に、その直後の充電サイクルにおける充電電気量がそのときの前記第2誤差積算値と等しい充電電気量となるように充電を行って、前記第2積算充電電気量の補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項23に記載の電源システム。 - 前記予め設定された回数P1及びP2は、2~20の範囲内の回数であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の電源システム。
- 前記値RP1は、1~1.5の範囲内の値とされ、
前記値RP2は、0.9~1.25の範囲内の値とされ、
かつ、前記値RP1と前記値RP2との間の比率RP1/RP2は、1を超え、1.66以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の電源システム。 - 前記最大値Dmaxと、前記第1設定値D1との間の比率D1/Dmaxは、20~200の範囲内の比率であることを特徴とする請求項16乃至請求項27のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。
- 前記鉛蓄電池は、制御弁式鉛蓄電池で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項16乃至28のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。
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