WO2010010622A1 - 有機elデバイスおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機elデバイスおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010010622A1 WO2010010622A1 PCT/JP2008/063293 JP2008063293W WO2010010622A1 WO 2010010622 A1 WO2010010622 A1 WO 2010010622A1 JP 2008063293 W JP2008063293 W JP 2008063293W WO 2010010622 A1 WO2010010622 A1 WO 2010010622A1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/841—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/04—Sealing arrangements, e.g. against humidity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
- H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
- H10K2102/3026—Top emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic EL device useful for display applications and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic EL device that prevents moisture from entering from the outside environment and exhibits excellent luminous efficiency over a long period of time, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- organic EL devices using self-luminous organic EL elements have been actively studied for display applications.
- the organic EL device is expected to realize high light emission luminance and light emission efficiency. This is because a high current density can be realized at a low voltage.
- the practical application of high-definition multicolor light-emitting organic EL devices capable of multicolor display, particularly full color display is expected in the technical field of displays.
- dark spot means a light emitting defect point. This dark spot is considered to be generated by the oxidation or aggregation of the material of the constituent layer of the organic EL element during driving and storage due to oxygen or moisture in the element.
- the growth of dark spots proceeds not only during energization but also during storage.
- dark spot growth is (1) accelerated by oxygen or moisture present in the external environment surrounding the device, (2) affected by oxygen or moisture present as an adsorbate in the constituent layers, and (3) It is considered that it is affected by moisture adsorbed on components used for device manufacture or moisture intrusion during manufacture. As the growth continues, dark spots spread over the entire light emitting surface of the organic EL device.
- silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, or the like is used as a thin film for sealing.
- silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, or the like is used as a thin film for sealing.
- Patent Document 1 As a sealing thin film applicable to an organic EL device, a film mainly composed of silicon and silicon nitride formed by a plasma CVD method is used. Proposed. In Patent Document 1, this film is excellent because the number of silicon bonded to silicon relative to the number of silicon bonded to nitrogen measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.6 or more and 2.0 or less. It is disclosed that sealing properties are exhibited.
- the organic EL device of the present invention includes a substrate and an organic EL element formed on the substrate, and the organic EL element includes a lower electrode, an organic EL layer, an upper electrode, and a protective layer. It is composed of one or a plurality of inorganic films, and at least one of the one or more inorganic films is a silicon nitride film containing hydrogen, in the silicon nitride film containing hydrogen determined by infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- the ratio of the peak area of the stretching mode of the NH bond to the Si—N bond is greater than 0.06 and 0.1 or less, and the ratio of the peak area of the stretching mode of the Si—H bond to the Si—N bond is Is greater than 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.17.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have a structure in which the protective layer is in contact with the substrate and the lower electrode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have a structure in which the protective layer is in contact with the upper electrode and the lower electrode is in contact with the substrate.
- it is desirable that the stress of each of the one or more inorganic films constituting the protective layer has an absolute value smaller than 20 MPa.
- the peak area of the stretching mode of N—H bond, Si—H bond, and Si—N bond in the present invention is as follows: (a) a step of measuring an infrared absorption spectrum of a silicon nitride film with the wave number as a horizontal axis; b) correction for subtracting the baseline from the obtained infrared absorption spectrum, (c) peak separation of the absorption of the N—H bond, Si—H bond, and Si—N bond using a Gaussian function And (d) a step of obtaining an area of the separated peak.
- the peak area of the stretching mode of the N-H bonds is determined from peaks present in 3250 ⁇ 3400 cm -1, the peak area of the stretching mode of the Si-H bonds, in 2100 ⁇ 2200 cm -1
- the peak area of the stretching mode of the Si—N bond is obtained from the peak existing at 830 to 870 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the method for producing an organic EL device of the present invention includes (1) a step of preparing a substrate; (2) a step of forming an organic EL element comprising a lower electrode, an organic EL layer, an upper electrode and a protective layer,
- the protective layer is made of one or more inorganic films, and at least one of the one or more inorganic films is a silicon nitride film containing hydrogen, and nitriding containing the hydrogen determined by infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- the peak area ratio of the N—H bond stretching mode to the Si—N bond in the silicon film is greater than 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.1, and the Si—H bond stretching mode of the Si—N bond is less than 0.1.
- the silicon nitride film containing hydrogen contains monosilane, ammonia, and nitrogen. Formed by chemical vapor deposition to apply a 60MHz less RF power than 25MHz relative to the non-mixed gas, wherein the flow rate ratio of ammonia to monosilane is characterized in that from 0.5 to 1 or less.
- the present invention can maintain excellent luminous efficiency over a long period of time by using a protective layer having excellent moisture resistance.
- An organic EL device can be provided.
- the protective layer of the present invention has a high visible light transmittance, the configuration of the present invention is particularly effective in a top emission type organic EL device.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an IR spectrum for determining the ratio of Si—N bond, Si—H bond and N—H bond in the silicon nitride film.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an IR spectrum subjected to peak separation in order to determine the ratio of Si—N bond, Si—H bond and N—H bond in the silicon nitride film.
- the organic EL device of the present invention includes a substrate and an organic EL element formed on the substrate, and the organic EL element includes a lower electrode, an organic EL layer, an upper electrode, and a protective layer. It is composed of one or a plurality of inorganic films, and at least one of the one or more inorganic films is a silicon nitride film containing hydrogen, in the silicon nitride film containing hydrogen determined by infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- the ratio of the peak area of the stretching mode of the NH bond to the Si—N bond is greater than 0.06 and 0.1 or less, and the ratio of the peak area of the stretching mode of the Si—H bond to the Si—N bond is Is greater than 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.17.
- FIG. 1 shows one example of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- the organic EL device of FIG. 1 is a top emission type organic EL device.
- the organic EL device includes a substrate 10, and a lower electrode 21, an organic EL layer 22, an upper electrode 23, and a protective layer 24 stacked in this order on the substrate 10.
- EL element 20 is included.
- the sealing substrate 30 on which the color conversion filter layer 40 is placed is bonded to the side of the substrate 10 on which the organic EL element 20 is formed with an adhesive layer 50. .
- FIG. 2 shows another example of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- the protective layer 24 is located between the substrate 10 and the lower electrode 21.
- the organic EL device in FIG. 2 is a bottom emission type organic EL device.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which a color conversion filter layer 40 and a planarization layer 60 which are optional elements are further included between the substrate 10 and the protective layer 24.
- the substrate 10 of the present invention can be formed using any material that can withstand various conditions (for example, solvent used, temperature, etc.) used for forming other constituent layers.
- the substrate 10 desirably has excellent dimensional stability.
- the transparent material used to form the substrate 10 includes glass or acrylic resins such as polyolefin and polymethyl methacrylate, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate resins, and resins such as polyimide resins.
- the substrate 10 may be rigid or flexible.
- the substrate 10 may be formed using an opaque material such as silicon or ceramic. It can be formed using a flat material having insulation and rigidity capable of maintaining the form of the organic EL light emitting element.
- the substrate 10 may further include a plurality of switching elements (such as TFTs) and wiring on the surface thereof. This configuration is effective for manufacturing an active matrix driving type organic EL device having a plurality of independent light emitting portions.
- switching elements such as TFTs
- the lower electrode 21 positioned between the substrate 10 and the organic EL layer 22 and the upper electrode 23 positioned on the opposite side of the organic EL layer 22 from the substrate 10 are carriers injected into the organic EL layer 22 and an external drive circuit. It has the function of connection.
- the lower electrode 21 and the upper electrode 23 may be either an anode (hole injection electrode) or a cathode (electron injection electrode), respectively. However, one of the lower electrode 21 and the upper electrode 23 is an anode, and the other is a cathode. Further, the lower electrode 21 and the upper electrode 23 may be a reflective electrode or a transparent electrode, provided that one of them is a transparent electrode.
- the lower electrode 21 is preferably a reflective electrode
- the upper electrode 23 is a transparent electrode.
- the upper electrode 23 is preferably a reflective electrode
- the lower electrode 21 is a transparent electrode.
- the reflective electrode used as the lower electrode 21 or the upper electrode 23 is a highly reflective metal (aluminum, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, chromium, etc.) or an alloy thereof, or an amorphous alloy (NiP, NiB, CrP, or CrB). Etc.).
- a particularly preferable material includes a silver alloy.
- the silver alloy that can be used is an alloy of silver and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group 10 nickel or platinum, Group 1 rubidium, and Group 14 lead, or silver. And an alloy with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group 2 magnesium and calcium.
- the transparent electrode used as the lower electrode 21 or the upper electrode 23 is made of conductive metal oxide such as SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 , In—Sn oxide, In—Zn oxide, ZnO, or Zn—Al oxide. Can be formed.
- the transparent electrode serves as a path for extracting light emitted from the organic EL layer 22 to the outside. Therefore, the transparent electrode desirably has a transmittance of 50% or more, preferably 85% or more within a wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm.
- the lower electrode 21 and the upper electrode 23 can be formed using a resistance heating method or an electron beam heating method vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method.
- a vapor deposition method film formation can be performed at a film formation speed of 0.1 to 10 nm / second at a pressure of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less.
- an inert gas such as Ar can be used as a sputtering gas, and film formation can be performed at a pressure of about 0.1 to 2.0 Pa.
- the upper electrode 23 is formed by sputtering, it is preferable not to directly irradiate the organic EL layer 22 with plasma formed in the vicinity of the target in order to prevent the deterioration of the organic EL layer 22 that becomes the surface of the deposition target substrate.
- the organic EL layer 22 is located between the lower electrode 21 and the upper electrode 23 and is in contact with each electrode. This is the core layer of the light emitting part.
- the organic EL layer 22 includes at least a light emitting layer, and includes a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, and / or an electron injection layer as necessary.
- the organic EL layer 22 can have the following layer configuration.
- anode / light emitting layer / cathode (2) Anode / hole injection layer / light emitting layer / cathode (3) Anode / light emitting layer / electron injection layer / cathode (4) Anode / hole injection layer / light emitting layer / electron Injection layer / cathode (5) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron injection layer / cathode (6) Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron injection layer / cathode (7) Anode / Hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode In each of the above configurations (1) to (7), the anode and the cathode are the lower electrode 21 or the upper electrode 23, respectively. One of them.
- the light emitting layer can be formed using a known material.
- Materials for obtaining blue to blue-green light emission are, for example, fluorescent brighteners such as benzothiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds or benzoxazole compounds; tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum complex (Alq 3 ) Metal chelated oxonium compounds such as aluminum complexes represented by); styrylbenzene compounds such as 4,4′-bis (diphenylvinyl) biphenyl (DPVBi); aromatic dimethylidin compounds; condensed aromatic ring compounds; An aggregate compound; and a porphyrin-based compound.
- fluorescent brighteners such as benzothiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds or benzoxazole compounds
- Alq 3 8-hydroxyquinolinato aluminum complex
- Metal chelated oxonium compounds such as aluminum complexes represented by
- styrylbenzene compounds such as 4,4′-bis (diphenylvinyl) biphenyl
- a light emitting layer that emits light in various wavelength ranges can be formed by adding a dopant to the host compound.
- a distyrylarylene compound, N, N′-ditolyl-N, N′-diphenylbiphenylamine (TPD), Alq 3 or the like can be used as the host compound.
- perylene blue purple
- coumarin 6 blue
- quinacridone compounds blue green to green
- rubrene yellow
- 4-dicyanomethylene-2- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -6- Methyl-4H-pyran DCM, red
- platinum octaethylporphyrin complex PtOEP, red
- the hole transport layer can be formed using a material having a triarylamine partial structure, a carbazole partial structure, or an oxadiazole partial structure.
- Preferred materials for the hole transport layer are TPD, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl ( ⁇ -NPD), MTDAPB (o-, m-, p-). , M-MTDATA and the like.
- the hole injection layer can be formed using a material such as phthalocyanine (Pc) containing copper phthalocyanine complex (CuPc) or an indanthrene compound.
- the electron transport layer aluminum complexes such as Alq 3, oxadiazole derivatives such as PBD or TPOB, triazole derivatives such as TAZ, triazine derivatives, phenylquinoxalines acids, materials such as thiophene derivatives such as BMB-2T Can be formed.
- the electron injection layer can be formed using a material such as an aluminum complex such as Alq 3 or an aluminum quinolinol complex doped with an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- a buffer layer for further enhancing the carrier injection efficiency is optionally provided between the organic EL layer 22 and either the lower electrode 21 or the upper electrode 23 used as the cathode. It can also be formed selectively (not shown).
- the buffer layer can be formed using an electron injecting material such as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or an alloy thereof, a rare earth metal, or a fluoride of the metal.
- a damage mitigating layer (not shown) made of MgAg or the like on the upper surface of the organic EL layer 22 in order to mitigate damage when the upper electrode 23 is formed.
- each layer constituting the organic EL layer 22 has a film thickness sufficient to realize desired characteristics.
- the light emitting layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer have a thickness of 2 to 50 nm, and the hole injection layer has a thickness of 2 to 200 nm.
- the optional buffer layer preferably has a thickness of 10 nm or less from the viewpoint of reducing driving voltage and improving transparency.
- Each component layer, buffer layer, and damage mitigating layer of the organic EL layer 22 can be produced by using any means known in the art such as vapor deposition (resistance heating vapor deposition or electron beam heating vapor deposition).
- the protective layer 24 is a layer for preventing moisture from entering the electrode and / or the organic EL layer 22 from an external environment or a layer that may contain moisture.
- the protective layer 24 is made of one or more inorganic films. At least one of the inorganic films constituting the protective layer 24 is a silicon nitride (SiN: H) film containing hydrogen.
- SiN silicon nitride
- the protective layer 24 is composed of a plurality of inorganic films, in addition to the SiN: H film, a SiO x film, a SiO x N y film, an AlO x film, a TiO x film, a TaO x film, a ZnO x film, or the like is used. Also good.
- the added film is preferably a Si-based film.
- the protective layer 24 may be provided on the upper electrode 23 as shown in FIG. 1, or may be provided between the substrate 10 and the lower electrode 21 as shown in FIG. If necessary, a protective layer 24 may be provided on both the upper electrode 23 and between the substrate 10 and the lower electrode 21.
- the inorganic film constituting the protective layer 24 desirably has a small stress in order to prevent film peeling.
- the stress of the inorganic film has an absolute value of 20 MPa or less, whether it is shrinkable or extensible.
- the stress can be obtained from, for example, the amount of change in warpage of the Si wafer before and after forming the inorganic film after forming the inorganic film on the Si wafer.
- the protective layer 24 When the protective layer 24 is located on the emission path of light from the organic EL layer to the outside, it is desirable that the protective layer 24 has a high visible light transmittance. Specifically, it is desirable to have a transmittance of 50% or more, preferably 85% or more within a wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm. In addition, the protective layer 24 is desired to have excellent moisture resistance.
- the inventor of the present invention has a peak area ratio of the N—H bond stretching mode to the Si—N bond (hereinafter referred to as N—H / Si—N area ratio) greater than 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.1.
- SiN H film having a peak area ratio of the stretching mode of the Si—H bond to the Si—N bond (hereinafter referred to as Si—H / Si—N area ratio) is greater than 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.17. It has been found that the use of can achieve excellent moisture resistance and high visible light transmittance of the protective layer 24.
- the SiN: H film constituting the protective layer 24 can be formed using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- a plasma CVD method in which high-frequency power is applied is desirable.
- a mixture of monosilane, ammonia and an inert gas can be used as a source gas.
- a mixed gas of monosilane, ammonia and nitrogen it is desirable that the flow rate ratio of ammonia to monosilane is 0.5 or more.
- the flow rate ratio of ammonia to monosilane is 1 or less.
- the absolute value of the stress of the obtained SiN: H film can be 20 MPa or less.
- the aforementioned flow rate ratio is also effective in satisfying the requirements of the N—H / Si—N area ratio and the Si—H / Si—N area ratio.
- the IR spectrum of the SiN: H film is measured.
- the IR spectrum in the present invention uses stretching mode absorption. This mode of absorption is preferred because of its high intensity and easy peak separation. Further, the spectrum is expressed using a linear axis of wave number (unit: cm ⁇ 1 ) as the horizontal axis, and has no partial expansion.
- IR spectra of the deposition target substrate on which the SiN: H film is formed and the deposition target substrate on which the SiN: H film is not formed are measured, and the difference spectrum is obtained. It is desirable to take.
- the obtained IR spectrum includes a change in absorbance due to light interference in the film.
- correction using the baseline is performed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining this correction process, and shows the IR spectrum 100, the baseline 110, and the IR spectrum 120 after the baseline correction as measured.
- the baseline for the SiN: H film in the present invention is obtained by connecting the absorbance of the IR spectrum 100 at a wave number defined below with a straight line. 400, 612, 1500, 1650, 2030, 2330, 2900, 3200, 3550, 4000 (cm ⁇ 1 ) Then, at each wave number, the absorbance of the baseline 110 is subtracted from the absorbance of the IR spectrum 100 to obtain the IR spectrum 120 after baseline correction.
- peak separation is performed on the IR spectrum 120 after baseline correction.
- the peak separation is performed by expressing each peak with a Gaussian function G n represented by the formula (I).
- An is the maximum value of the absorbance of each peak
- C n is the wave number (unit: cm ⁇ 1 ) at which the absorbance of each peak is maximum
- x is the wave number
- B n is a variable.
- Bn regarding each peak is calculated
- FIG. 4 shows the result of peak separation of the IR spectrum 120 after baseline correction in FIG.
- a peak with a maximum at 830 ⁇ 870 cm -1 and a peak showing the stretching modes of Si-N bond an stretching modes of Si-H bonds a peak with a maximum at 2100 ⁇ 2200 cm -1
- a peak having a maximum at 3250 to 3400 cm ⁇ 1 is regarded as a peak exhibiting an N—H bond stretching mode.
- the peak having a maximum at about 1200 cm ⁇ 1 is derived from the N—H bond, but is not used in the calculation of the N—H / Si—N area ratio of the present invention.
- the Gaussian function G n of each peak obtained by the peak separation is integrated to obtain the peak area of the stretching mode of N—H bond, Si—H bond and Si—N bond, and thereby N—H / Si-N area ratio and Si-H / Si-N area ratio are determined.
- the sealing substrate 30 is formed using, for example, glass; a metal such as SUS or Al; or an acrylic resin such as polyolefin or polymethyl methacrylate, a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, a polycarbonate resin, or a resin such as a polyimide resin. can do.
- the sealing substrate 30 may be rigid or flexible.
- the sealing substrate 30 since the sealing substrate 30 hits a path for emitting light emitted from the organic EL layer 22 to the outside, the sealing substrate is made of a transparent material such as glass or resin. It is desirable to form 30.
- the color conversion filter layer 40 is a layer for adjusting the hue of light emitted from the organic EL layer 22.
- the “color conversion filter layer” in the present invention is a general term for a color filter layer, a color conversion layer, and a laminate of a color filter layer and a color conversion layer.
- the color conversion filter layer 40 may be provided inside the sealing substrate 30 as shown in FIG. 1, or may be provided between the substrate 10 and the lower electrode 21 as shown in FIG.
- the color conversion filter layer 40 is difficult to dry completely in order to protect the pigment contained therein, and may contain moisture. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, when the color conversion filter layer 40 is provided inside the sealing substrate, it is preferable to provide the protective layer 24 on the upper surface of the upper electrode 23. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 2, when the color conversion filter layer 40 is provided between the substrate 10 and the lower electrode 21, it is preferable to provide the protective layer 24 between the color conversion filter layer 40 and the lower electrode 21. .
- the color filter layer is a layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range.
- the color filter layer has a function of improving the color purity of light from the organic EL layer 22 or the color conversion layer.
- the color filter layer can be formed using a commercially available color filter material for a flat panel display (for example, a color mosaic manufactured by FUJIFILM Electronics Materials Co., Ltd.).
- a coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, casting or dip coating can be used.
- a film formed by a coating method may be patterned by a photolithographic method or the like to form a color filter layer having a desired pattern.
- the color conversion layer is a layer that absorbs light in a specific wavelength range, performs wavelength distribution conversion, and emits light in a different wavelength range.
- the color conversion layer includes at least a fluorescent dye, and may include a matrix resin as necessary.
- the fluorescent dye absorbs light from the organic EL layer 22 and emits light in a desired wavelength region (for example, a red region, a green region, or a blue region).
- rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 3B, rhodamine 101, rhodamine 110, sulforhodamine, basic violet 11, and basic red 2 are fluorescent dyes that absorb blue to blue-green light and emit red fluorescence.
- Rhodamine dyes such as: cyanine dyes; pyridine dyes such as 1-ethyl-2- [4- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) -1,3-butadienyl] -pyridinium-perchlorate (pyridine 1); and oxazines System pigments.
- various dyes having fluorescence as described above direct dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, etc. may be used.
- Fluorescent dyes that absorb light in the blue to blue-green region and emit green region fluorescence include, for example, 3- (2′-benzothiazolyl) -7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 6), 3- (2′-benzoimidazolyl) ) -7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 7), 3- (2′-N-methylbenzimidazolyl) -7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 30), 2,3,5,6-1H, 4H-tetrahydro-8-trifluoro Coumarin dyes such as methylquinolidine (9,9a, 1-gh) coumarin (coumarin 153); naphthalimide dyes such as Solvent Yellow 11 and Solvent Yellow 116; and Coumarin dyes such as Basic Yellow 51 Including.
- various dyes having fluorescence as described above direct dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, etc. may be used.
- acrylic resin various silicone polymers, or any material that can be substituted for them can be used.
- a straight silicone polymer or a modified resin silicone polymer can be used as the matrix resin.
- the color conversion layer can be formed using a coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, casting, dip coating, or vapor deposition.
- a coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, casting, dip coating, or vapor deposition.
- a plurality of types of fluorescent dyes in a predetermined ratio and a matrix resin are mixed to form a preliminary mixture, and vapor deposition is performed using the preliminary mixture. You can also.
- the color conversion layer may be formed using a co-evaporation method.
- the co-evaporation method is performed by placing each of a plurality of types of fluorescent dyes at separate heating sites and heating them separately. If necessary, a mixture of a fluorescent dye and a matrix resin may be disposed at the heating site and used as a vapor deposition source.
- characteristics (evaporation rate and / or vapor pressure, etc.) of a plurality of types of fluorescent dyes are greatly different, it is advantageous to use a co-evaporation method.
- a passivation layer (not shown) may be formed so as to cover the entire color conversion filter layer 40 in order to prevent deterioration of characteristics of the color conversion layer.
- the passivation layer can be formed using an insulating oxide (SiO x , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , AlO x or the like) or an insulating nitride (AlN x , SiN x or the like).
- the passivation layer can be formed using a method such as a plasma CVD method. From the viewpoint of preventing the deterioration of the color conversion layer, it is desirable that the temperature of the film formation substrate having the color conversion filter layer 40 as the uppermost layer be 100 ° C. or lower when forming the passivation layer.
- planarization layer 60 is effective in that the surface for forming the organic EL element 20 is flattened to prevent the occurrence of failures such as disconnection and short circuit in the organic EL element.
- the planarizing layer 60 can be formed using a photocurable resin, a photocurable combination resin, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like.
- the planarizing layer 60 can be formed using a coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, casting, or dip coating.
- the adhesive layer 50 is a layer used for bonding the substrate 10 and the sealing substrate 30 together.
- the adhesive layer 50 can be formed using, for example, a UV curable adhesive, a UV heat combined curable adhesive, or the like.
- a UV heat combined curing type adhesive In order to reduce the influence of heat on the organic EL layer 22, it is desirable to use a UV heat combined curing type adhesive.
- the UV heat combined curable adhesive that can be used includes an epoxy resin adhesive and the like.
- the adhesive described above may include spacer particles for defining the distance between the substrate 10 and the sealing substrate 30. Spacer particles that can be used include glass beads and the like.
- the adhesive layer 50 is formed by applying an adhesive at a predetermined position on the surface of either the substrate 10 or the sealing substrate 30, bonding the substrate 10 and the sealing substrate 30 together, and curing the adhesive. be able to.
- the adhesive layer 50 is desirably provided at a position where the light emitting portion of the organic EL element 20 such as the peripheral portion of the substrate 10 and the sealing
- both the lower electrode and the upper electrode are electrode groups composed of a plurality of stripe electrodes, and the extending direction of the stripe electrodes constituting the lower electrode intersects with the extending direction of the stripe electrodes constituting the upper electrode.
- a so-called passive matrix driving organic EL device may be formed.
- the extending direction of the stripe electrode constituting the lower electrode and the extending direction of the stripe electrode constituting the upper electrode are orthogonal to each other. .
- the lower electrode is divided into a plurality of partial electrodes, each of the plurality of partial electrodes is connected to a switching element formed on the substrate in a one-to-one relationship, and the upper electrode is used as an integrated common electrode so-called active matrix.
- a driving organic EL device may be formed.
- the insulating film can be formed using an insulating oxide (such as SiO x , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , or AlO x ), an insulating nitride (AlN x , SiN x , or the like), a polymer material, or the like.
- an insulating oxide such as SiO x , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , or AlO x
- an insulating nitride AlN x , SiN x , or the like
- a polymer material or the like.
- an organic EL device capable of multicolor display can be formed using a plurality of types of color conversion filter layers in a configuration having a plurality of light emitting units that are controlled independently.
- a red, green and blue color conversion filter layer is used to form red, green and blue sub-pixels, and a set of three color sub-pixels is arranged in a matrix to form a full-color display.
- Possible organic EL devices can be formed.
- a SiN: H film was formed by applying high-frequency power to a mixed gas of monosilane (SiH 4 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), and nitrogen, and the characteristics were evaluated.
- the flow rate of monosilane was 100 sccm
- the flow rate of nitrogen was 2000 sccm
- the flow rate of ammonia was changed in the range of 20 to 110 sccm.
- the pressure of the mixed gas was set to 100 Pa.
- a SiN: H film was formed on a deposition target substrate at 50 ° C. using high-frequency power with a frequency of 27.12 MHz and a power density of 0.5 W / cm 2 .
- the extinction coefficient of the film at a wavelength of 450 nm was determined for the 1 ⁇ m thick SiN: H film on the Si wafer prepared in (2), and the visible light transmittance was obtained. It was used as an index. This is because, in the transmittance measurement in the atmosphere, the influence of interference due to the difference in refractive index from the atmosphere and the film thickness is large.
- the extinction coefficient of the film at a wavelength of 450 nm is preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less. This is because the transmittance in visible light is approximately 95% or more. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the NH / Si—N area ratio and the Si—H / Si—N area ratio generally decrease as the flow rate ratio of NH 3 to SiH 4 decreases.
- the Si—H / Si—N area ratio is 0.11 or less
- the N—H / Si—N area ratio is 0.06 or less.
- the extinction coefficient of the film increases and the absorption of visible light becomes significant.
- the flow rate ratio of NH 3 to SiH 4 is smaller than 0.4, it is assumed that a SiN: H film in which Si—N bonds, Si—H bonds and Si—Si bonds are mixed is obtained.
- the SiN: H film having remarkable visible light absorption as a protective layer of the top emission type organic EL device.
- the extinction coefficient decreased as the flow rate ratio of NH 3 to SiH 4 increased, and showed a minimum value at a flow rate ratio of 0.7 or more.
- the sample in the region where the NH 3 flow rate is 50 to 100 sccm, that is, the region where the flow rate ratio of NH 3 to SiH 4 is 0.5 to 1.0 has an unaltered area ratio of 90 to 96%. It was shown that the SiN: H film has good moisture resistance. This is presumably because the nitrogen content in the SiN: H film in this region is close to the stoichiometric ratio.
- the NH 3 flow rate was further increased to 110 sccm, the N—H / Si—N area ratio increased, the non-altered area ratio in the moisture resistance test decreased, and the moisture resistance of the SiN: H film decreased.
- the stress of the SiN: H film increases as the flow rate ratio of NH 3 to SiH 4 increases.
- the absolute value of the film stress could be 20 MPa or less and there was no fear of film peeling.
- the inventor has confirmed that an SiN: H film having a stress of about 100 MPa is formed when the NH 3 flow rate is 150 sccm.
- H film is not simply determined by the nitrogen content in the film, but varies significantly depending on the Si—H / Si—N area ratio and the N—H / Si—N area ratio.
- Example 1 a red light emitting organic EL device having 2 ⁇ 2 pixels and a pixel width of 0.3 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm is manufactured.
- Fusion glass (Corning 1737 glass, 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ 1.1 mm) was prepared as a substrate. A 100 nm-thick Ag film was deposited on the substrate by sputtering. The obtained Ag film was patterned by a photolithographic method to form a lower electrode composed of two striped electrodes having a width of 0.3 mm.
- the substrate on which the lower electrode was formed was placed in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus.
- a buffer layer made of Li having a thickness of 1.5 nm was formed on the lower electrode 21 by vapor deposition using a mask.
- an organic EL layer composed of four layers of an electron transport layer / a light emitting layer / a hole transport layer / a hole injection layer was formed using a vapor deposition method.
- the electron transport layer is Alq 3 with a thickness of 20 nm
- the light emitting layer is DPVBi with a thickness of 30 nm
- the hole transport layer is ⁇ -NPD with a thickness of 10 nm
- the hole injection layer is CuPc with a thickness of 100 nm. there were.
- the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber of the apparatus was set to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and each layer was formed at a film formation rate of 0.1 nm / s. Subsequently, an MgAg film having a thickness of 5 nm was formed by using an evaporation method to form a damage mitigating layer.
- a transparent upper electrode was formed by depositing IZO having a thickness of 100 nm by sputtering using a metal mask.
- the upper electrode was composed of two stripe electrodes extending in a direction perpendicular to the stripe electrode of the lower electrode and having a width of 0.3 mm.
- the stacked body on which the upper electrode was formed was moved to a plasma CVD apparatus, and a SiN: H film was deposited using the conditions of Sample 6 of Production Example 1 to form a protective layer. That is, a mixed gas of monosilane, ammonia and nitrogen was used as a raw material, and high frequency power having a frequency of 27.12 MHz and a power density of 0.5 W / cm 2 was applied to form a SiN: H film. At this time, the flow rates of monosilane, ammonia, and nitrogen were 100 sccm, 70 sccm, and 2000 sccm, respectively.
- the pressure inside the apparatus during film formation was set to 100 Pa, and the temperature of the stage carrying the film formation substrate was set to 50 ° C.
- an organic EL element composed of a lower electrode / organic EL layer / upper electrode / protective layer was formed on the substrate.
- the obtained organic EL device was moved into a bonding apparatus in which the internal environment was adjusted to an oxygen concentration of 5 ppm or less and a water concentration of 5 ppm or less.
- fusion glass (Corning 1737 glass, 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ 1.1 mm) was prepared as a sealing substrate.
- a red color filter material color mosaic CR7001 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Electronics Materials)
- FUJIFILM Electronics Materials FUJIFILM Electronics Materials
- the sealing substrate on which the red color filter layer was formed was placed in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus.
- a red color conversion layer having a film thickness of 300 nm containing coumarin 6 and DCM-2 was deposited on the red color filter layer by vapor deposition.
- Each of coumarin 6 and DCM-2 was heated in separate crucibles so that the deposition rate of coumarin 6 was 0.3 nm / s and the deposition rate of DCM-2 was 0.005 nm / s.
- the molar ratio of coumarin 6: DCM-2 in the red conversion layer was 49: 1.
- an epoxy UV curable adhesive was dropped on the outer peripheral portion of the surface of the sealing substrate on which the red color conversion color filter layer was formed in the bonding apparatus.
- the substrate on which the organic EL element is formed and the sealing in which the red color filter layer is formed so that the red color conversion color filter layer and the organic EL element face each other and the position of the red color conversion color filter layer corresponds to the pixel of the organic EL element The substrate was temporarily bonded. Subsequently, the inside of the bonding apparatus was decompressed to about 10 MPa, and the substrate and the sealing substrate were bonded together. After the bonding, the pressure in the bonding apparatus was increased to atmospheric pressure.
- the UV curable adhesive on the outer periphery of the sealing substrate was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to temporarily cure the adhesive.
- the bonded body was heated to 80 ° C. for 1 hour in a heating furnace to cure the adhesive, and an adhesive layer was formed to obtain an organic EL device. After the heating, the organic EL device was naturally cooled in the heating furnace over 30 minutes and taken out from the heating furnace.
- Example 1 An organic EL device was formed by repeating the procedure of Example 1 except that the SiN: H film used as the protective layer was formed in the same manner as Sample 3 of Production Example 1. That is, the organic EL device was formed by changing the ammonia flow rate during the formation of the SiN: H film to 40 sccm.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 The organic EL devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were placed in an environment of 60 ° C. and 90% RH, a current with a current density of 0.1 A / cm 2 was passed, and continuously driven for 1000 hours. The voltage and brightness were measured. Luminance was divided by current value to obtain luminous efficiency. The light emission efficiency of the organic EL device of Example 1 was taken as 1, and the initial light emission efficiency of the organic EL devices of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and the light emission efficiency after 1000 hours of continuous driving were determined. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the device of Comparative Example 1 showed a light emission efficiency slightly inferior to that of Example 1 in the initial stage. This is considered to be due to the fact that the extinction coefficient of the SiN: H film used as the protective layer of the device of Comparative Example 1 is about three times the extinction coefficient of the film used in Example 1. As a result, it is considered that a part of the light emitted from the organic EL layer is absorbed by the protective layer and the luminous efficiency is lowered.
- the device of Comparative Example 1 has a significantly reduced luminous efficiency after 1000 hours of continuous driving compared to Example 1.
- the decrease in luminous efficiency has progressed due to the penetration of moisture through the SiN: H film used as the protective layer.
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Abstract
Description
20 有機EL素子
21 下部電極
22 有機EL層
23 上部電極
24 保護層
30 封止基板
40 色変換フィルタ層
50 接着層
60 平坦化層
100 測定したままのIRスペクトル
110 ベースライン
120 ベースライン補正後のIRスペクトル
(1)陽極/発光層/陰極
(2)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/陰極
(3)陽極/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
(4)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
(5)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
(6)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
(7)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
なお、上記(1)~(7)の各構成において、陽極および陰極は、それぞれ下部電極21または上部電極23のいずれかである。
400、 612、1500、1650、2030、
2330、2900、3200、3550、4000 (cm-1)
そして、各波数において、IRスペクトル100の吸光度からベースライン110の吸光度を減算して、ベースライン補正後のIRスペクトル120を得る。
本製造例においては、モノシラン(SiH4)、アンモニア(NH3)および窒素の混合ガスに対して高周波電力を印加することによってSiN:H膜を形成し、その特性を評価した。本製造例においては、モノシランの流量を100sccmとし、窒素の流量を2000sccmとし、アンモニアの流量を20~110sccmの範囲で変化させた。このとき、混合ガスの圧力を100Paとした。また、周波数27.12MHzおよび電力密度0.5W/cm2の高周波電力を用い、50℃の被成膜基板上にSiN:H膜を形成した。
被成膜基板として厚さ0.5mmのSiウェーハを用い、膜厚1μmのSiN:H膜を形成した。得られたSiN:H膜を弾性反跳粒子検出法およびラザフォード後方散乱法を併用して分析し、SiN:H膜中のSi、NおよびHの含有量を決定した。結果を第1表に示す。
被成膜基板として厚さ0.5mmのSiウェーハを用い、膜厚1μmのSiN:H膜を形成した。得られたSiN:H膜のIRスペクトルを、透過型フーリエ変換赤外分光測定器を用いて測定した。Siウェーハ起因のバックグラウンド吸収を除去するため、同一ロットのSiウェーハをリファレンスとして用い、SiN:H膜/Siウェーハ積層体とSiウェーハとの差スペクトルを測定した。次いで、前述のようにベースラインの決定、ベースライン補正、およびピーク分離を行って、N-H結合、Si-H結合、およびSi-N結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積を求め、N-H/Si-N面積比およびSi-H/Si-N面積比を決定した。結果を第1表に示す。
膜厚100nmのカルシウム膜を覆うように、膜厚3μmのSiN:H膜を形成した。得られたサンプルを、1000時間にわたって95℃、50%RHの恒温槽中に放置し、カルシウム膜の変質面積を測定して、SiN:H膜の防湿性を評価した。
(2)で作製したSiウェーハ上の膜厚1μmのSiN:H膜について、分光型エリプソメーターを用いて、波長450nmにおける膜の消衰係数を求め、可視光透過性の指標とした。なぜなら、大気中の透過率測定においては、大気との屈折率差および膜厚による干渉の影響が大きいためである。波長450nmにおける膜の消衰係数を4.0×10-4以下とすることが好ましい。これによって、可視光における透過率が概ね95%以上となるからである。結果を第1表に示す。
被成膜基板として直径4インチ(約10.2cm)のSiウェーハを用いた。成膜前に、Siウェーハの反りを測定した。次いで、膜厚3μmのSiN:H膜を形成し、成膜後のSiウェーハの反りを測定した。成膜前後のSiウェーハの反りの変化量から、SiN:H膜の膜応力を算出した。結果を第1表に示す。
本製造例においては、アンモニアの流量を80sccmに固定し、および印加する高周波電力の周波数を40.68MHzまたは13.56MHz変更したことを除いて製造例1と同様の手順により、被成膜基板上にSiN:H膜を形成した。得られたSiN:H膜に関して、製造例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を第2表に示す。
本実施例においては、画素数2×2、画素幅0.3mm×0.3mmの赤色発光有機ELデバイスを作製する。
保護層として用いるSiN:H膜の形成を、製造例1のサンプル3と同様に行ったことを除いて実施例1の手順を繰り返して、有機ELデバイスを形成した。すなわち、SiN:H膜形成時のアンモニアの流量を40sccmに変更して、有機ELデバイスの形成を行った。
Claims (6)
- 基板と、前記基板上に形成される有機EL素子とを含む有機ELデバイスであって、
前記有機EL素子は、下部電極、有機EL層、上部電極および保護層からなり、
前記保護層は、1つまたは複数の無機膜からなり、
前記1つまたは複数の無機膜の少なくとも1つは、水素を含む窒化ケイ素膜であり、
赤外吸収スペクトル測定によって求められる前記水素を含む窒化ケイ素膜中のSi-N結合に対するN-H結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積比は0.06より大きく0.1以下であり、かつ、Si-N結合に対するSi-H結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積比は0.12より大きく0.17以下である
ことを特徴とする有機ELデバイス。 - 前記保護層は前記基板と前記下部電極との間に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELデバイス。
- 前記保護層は前記上部電極の上面に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELデバイス。
- 前記1つまたは複数の無機膜のそれぞれの応力は、20MPaより小さい絶対値を有することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の有機ELデバイス。
- 前記N-H結合、Si-H結合、およびSi-N結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積は、(a)波数を横軸とする窒化ケイ素膜の赤外吸収スペクトルを測定する工程、(b)得られた赤外吸収スペクトルからベースラインを減算する補正をする工程、(c)前記N-H結合、Si-H結合、およびSi-N結合の吸収をガウス関数を用いてピーク分離する工程、および(d)分離されたピークの面積を求める工程によって求められ、
前記N-H結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積は、3250~3400cm-1に存在するピークから求められ、前記Si-H結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積は、2100~2200cm-1に存在するピークから求められ、前記Si-N結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積は、830~870cm-1に存在するピークから求められる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELデバイス。 - (1) 基板を準備する工程と
(2) 下部電極、有機EL層、上部電極および保護層からなる有機EL素子を形成する工程であって、前記保護層は、1つまたは複数の無機膜からなり、前記1つまたは複数の無機膜の少なくとも1つは、水素を含む窒化ケイ素膜であり、赤外吸収スペクトル測定によって求められる前記水素を含む窒化ケイ素膜中のSi-N結合に対するN-H結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積比は0.06より大きく0.1以下であり、かつ、Si-N結合に対するSi-H結合のストレッチングモードのピーク面積比は0.12より大きく0.17以下である工程と
を含み、
工程(2)において、前記水素を含む窒化ケイ素膜は、モノシラン、アンモニアおよび窒素を含む混合ガスに対して25MHz以上60MHz以下の高周波電力を印加する化学的気相成長法によって形成され、ここで、モノシランに対するアンモニアの流量比は0.5以上1以下である
ことを特徴とする有機ELデバイスの製造方法。
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US12/451,792 US8497524B2 (en) | 2008-07-24 | 2008-07-24 | Organic el device and method for manufacturing the same |
CN200880019630A CN101836502A (zh) | 2008-07-24 | 2008-07-24 | 有机el器件及其制造方法 |
JP2009545417A JPWO2010010622A1 (ja) | 2008-07-24 | 2008-07-24 | 有機elデバイスおよびその製造方法 |
KR1020097024650A KR20110040616A (ko) | 2008-07-24 | 2008-07-24 | 유기 el 디바이스 및 그 제조 방법 |
PCT/JP2008/063293 WO2010010622A1 (ja) | 2008-07-24 | 2008-07-24 | 有機elデバイスおよびその製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101836502A (zh) | 2010-09-15 |
US20110175137A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
KR20110040616A (ko) | 2011-04-20 |
US8497524B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 |
JPWO2010010622A1 (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
TW201006304A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
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