WO2010001988A1 - 加熱・加圧により硬化する組成物 - Google Patents
加熱・加圧により硬化する組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010001988A1 WO2010001988A1 PCT/JP2009/062182 JP2009062182W WO2010001988A1 WO 2010001988 A1 WO2010001988 A1 WO 2010001988A1 JP 2009062182 W JP2009062182 W JP 2009062182W WO 2010001988 A1 WO2010001988 A1 WO 2010001988A1
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- polycarboxylic acid
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- powder
- molded body
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0056—Biocompatible, e.g. biopolymers or bioelastomers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0059—Degradable
- B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition that can be used as a raw material for a molded body or an adhesive, and does not require a fossil resource, a molded body made of the composition, and a method for producing the molded body. .
- Patent Document 1 fluidity is expressed in the woody material by contacting each woody material to which a fluidization accelerator has been added with water vapor, followed by drying, heating, and pressing.
- a method for producing a molded body made of a wood-based material is disclosed, characterized in that a plastic-like molded body is obtained by bringing the wood-based material exhibiting fluidity along a mold surface. .
- steam made to contact a wood type material is made lower, and it consumes in the process of making a wood type material contact a water vapor
- Patent Document 1 requires a process of bringing water vapor into contact with a wood-based material to which a fluidization accelerator has been added and a process of drying. Equipment as well as equipment for drying are necessary, which increases the cost. Moreover, since energy is required for supply and drying of water vapor, there is a problem that it is not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental problems.
- the present invention is a composition that is cured by heating and pressurization, and is characterized by comprising powdered or fragmented plant-derived material (a) and polycarboxylic acid (b) as main components.
- the polycarboxylic acid may be in a powder state, and in this case, the weight ratio of the (a) and (b) is preferably 0.7 to 4.0: 1.0.
- the composition according to the present invention does not require fossil resources, it is environmentally friendly and hardens only by heating and pressurization, so that a biomass molded body can be easily produced.
- the composition can also be used as an adhesive raw material. Since a process for performing steam treatment is not necessary, the manufacturing process is simple and the process can be performed with low energy. Furthermore, if a powdered polycarboxylic acid is used, the composition is solid, so that it can be handled easily and has excellent stability during storage. In addition, when it is easier to mix the polycarboxylic acid in a liquid state with a plant-derived material (for example, when the plant-derived material is in the form of small pieces), the polycarboxylic acid is dissolved in a solvent such as water to You may mix with an origin.
- the present inventor has found that the composition is highly likely to be cured by esterification reaction of saccharides in the plant-derived material with polycarboxylic acid by heating and pressurization. . Based on this, as a result of investigating saccharides as additives for accelerating curing, we succeeded in accelerating curing by adding low molecular weight saccharides such as sucrose and polysaccharides such as dextrins. did.
- the composition according to the present invention may further contain a saccharide (c).
- the weight ratio of (b) to (c) is preferably 1.0: 0.1 to 5.0.
- the plant-derived material when the plant-derived material is not in powder form but in small pieces, it may be difficult to cure only with polycarboxylic acid, and the molded product obtained by curing may be fragile. Even when the plant-derived material is in the form of small pieces, it is easy to cure and a strong molded body can be obtained.
- strength can be manufactured in the same process as the manufacturing method of the normal particle board. That is, particleboard is usually manufactured by spraying an adhesive on a piece of wood and hot pressing, but instead of this adhesive, a solution containing polycarboxylic acid (and sugars) is used, and this solution is applied to wood.
- a board can be manufactured by spraying on a small piece, shaping and heating and pressing.
- a saccharide In order to produce a board having sufficient strength, it is preferable to use a saccharide together, but in the case of using bagasse (residue after squeezing sugarcane) as a plant-derived material, the holocellulose component When saccharide (c) is already present in addition to (cellulose and hemicellulose), a board having sufficient strength can be produced with a solution containing only polycarboxylic acid.
- a plastic molded body or a wooden molded body without placing a burden on the environment.
- formaldehyde-based materials or the like that may cause sick house syndrome, safety to the human body is high.
- a molded object can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.
- FIG. 6 is a chart showing the results of thermal analysis of a mixture of acacia bark powder and citric acid powder (weight ratio 2: 1).
- the plant-derived material means a material obtained from a xylem such as a plant, bark, seed, leaf, etc., and may be a plant powder (for example, bark powder) available on the market,
- pulverizing a recycled material etc. may be sufficient.
- the thing derived from one kind of plant may be sufficient, and the mixture of the thing derived from multiple types of plant may be sufficient. It is preferable to use a powdered or crushed tree. Also, even products once processed from plant materials, such as filter paper, can be used as plant-derived products, but in this case, not only alone but also in combination with powdered or fragmented trees. It is preferable to use it.
- the plant-derived material in the present invention may be in powder form (including granular form) or small piece form (including fibrous form), but if it is too large, it takes a longer time to cure, High temperature and high pressure are required, and the strength of the resulting cured product is insufficient. Therefore, the plant-derived material preferably has a maximum length of 10 mm or less and a thickness of 1 mm or less when mixed with powdered polycarboxylic acid and pressurized.
- the small piece may be a material that has passed a 30-mesh screen
- the powder may be a material that has passed a 60-mesh screen.
- a small piece having a larger size can be cured.
- plant-derived products that have been fragmented to a maximum length of 50 mm or less and a thickness of 10 mm or less can be sufficiently cured.
- the polycarboxylic acid which is solid at normal temperature can be used.
- Preferred polycarboxylic acids include citric acid, itaconic acid, and malic acid.
- powdery polycarboxylic acid it is preferable to use the particle size of the polycarboxylic acid powder that has passed a 60-mesh sieve.
- saccharide (c) is not added, the content of polycarboxylic acid in the composition is preferably about 10% by weight or more. When it is less than 10% by weight, it becomes difficult to cure.
- the content of polycarboxylic acid is preferably 55% by weight or less.
- the polycarboxylic acid content is 15% to 50% by weight.
- the content of polycarboxylic acid is particularly preferably 20 to 40% by weight.
- the saccharide (c) is added, the content of the polycarboxylic acid in the composition is preferably 7% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less.
- a more preferred polycarboxylic acid content is 10% to 30% by weight.
- the saccharide (c) means a monosaccharide, an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide.
- monosaccharides include, for example, fructose, ribose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylulose, deoxyribose and the like
- oligosaccharides include disaccharides such as maltose, trehalose, and tulanose, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, mannan-oligosaccharides, Stachyose and the like can be mentioned
- examples of the polysaccharide include starch, agarose, alginic acid, glucomannan, inulin, chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, glycogen and the like.
- Cellulose is a polysaccharide contained in most plant-derived materials, but when the cellulose content in the plant-derived material is low, cellulose may be further added as a saccharide. Particularly preferred saccharides include sucrose (sucrose), xylose and dextrin.
- the total amount of (a) and (b) is total, and when saccharide (c) is added, the total amount of (a), (b) and (c) is the total amount of the composition. It is preferable to occupy 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material to the polycarboxylic acid in the composition according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.7: 1.0 to 9.5: 1.0. If it is outside this range, it will be difficult to cure, and the strength will decrease even if cured.
- a more preferred weight ratio of the plant-derived material to the polycarboxylic acid is 1.0: 1.0 to 8.0: 1.0.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material to the polycarboxylic acid is more preferably in the range of 1.0: 1.0 to 5.0: 1.0.
- the saccharide (c) is added, the weight ratio of the (b) and (c) is preferably 1.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 5.0.
- the weight ratio of (b) to (c) is more preferably 1.0: 0.5 to 1.0: 4.0.
- sugar (c) it is preferable that the total weight of said (b) and (c) does not exceed the weight of (a).
- the composition is useful as a raw material for molding compositions and wood adhesives.
- the composition is put into a mold, heated to 160 ° C. to 250 ° C., and pressurized at 5 kgf / cm 2 to 70 kgf / cm 2 (about 0.5 MPa to 7 MPa). That's fine.
- the composition is interposed between veneers for plywood, heated to 160 ° C. to 250 ° C., and 5 kgf / cm 2 to 30 kgf / cm 2 (about 0.5 Pressurize at MPa to 3MPa).
- the heating temperature can be adjusted as appropriate, but is preferably 180 ° C to 220 ° C.
- the pressure can be adjusted as appropriate, but when the composition is used as a molding composition to produce a molded article, 30-50 kgf / cm 2 (about 3 MPa to 5 MPa) is particularly suitable. 10 to 20 kgf / cm 2 (about 1 MPa to 2 MPa) is particularly suitable when a plywood is produced by using as an adhesive.
- a solution containing (b) is added to the fragmented plant-derived material (a) and heated or pressurized, or (b) and (c ) May be added and heated / pressurized together or separately.
- the solution is preferably added so that the weight ratio is 2.0: 1.0 to 15.0: 1.0 (more preferably 4.0: 1.0 to 8.0: 1.0).
- the weight ratio of (a) to (b) present in the solution is 4.0: 1.0 to 20.0: 1.0 (more preferably 6.0: 1.0 to 14.0: 1.0).
- the weight ratio of (b) to (c) is preferably 1.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 5.0 (more preferably 1.0: 0.5 to 1.0: 4.0). Furthermore, when adding (c), it is preferable that the total weight of said (b) and (c) does not exceed 1/2 of the weight of (a). Whether the solution contains only (b) or (c) or contains both (b) and (c), it is preferable that the concentration is higher, and it is preferably 90% by weight or more of the saturated concentration. . When (c) is added, it is more preferable to use a solution containing both (b) and (c) from the viewpoint of uniform mixing of (b) and (c) and simplification of the process.
- a small piece of plant-derived material is harder to set than a powdery plant-derived material, and therefore it is preferable to use (b) and (c) in combination rather than using (b) alone.
- a plant that contains sucrose or the like in advance such as bagasse
- a molded article having excellent physical properties can be obtained even with (b) alone.
- a suitable method of adding the polycarboxylic acid (b) and / or the saccharide (c) in the form of a solution to the fragmented plant-derived product (a) a method of spraying the solution on the plant-derived product can be mentioned. .
- heating and pressurization are generally performed by a vertical press using a hot plate (hot plate).
- a hot plate hot plate
- the set pressure of the press does not coincide with the pressure actually applied to the plant-derived material. Therefore, the set pressure may be set to be equal to or higher than the pressure at which the plant-derived material is sufficiently compressed.
- the pressure is about the same as that of particle board manufacturing by the conventional method (about 4MPa to 7MPa [about 40 to 70kgf / cm 2 ]), and it is adjusted appropriately according to the target density of the board to be molded as in the conventional method. do it.
- the temperature during hot plate pressing is suitably 160 ° C. to 250 ° C., more preferably 180 ° C. to 220 ° C., as described above.
- a powdery composition was prepared using a commercially available acacia bark powder as a plant-derived material and citric acid powder (distributor: Nacalai Tesque) as a polycarboxylic acid.
- the composition of the above acacia bark powder (product name: Kositite P distributor: Koshii Wood Solutions Co., Ltd.) is tannin 30.0% by weight, lignin 44.7% by weight, holocellulose 20.3% by weight, ash content 5.0% by weight.
- the diameter was 100 mesh pass.
- the citric acid powder was pulverized using a mortar and pestle until the particle size was the same as that of the acacia bark powder, and the weight shown in Table 1 was weighed and mixed uniformly to prepare a composition.
- the prepared composition was filled into a circular mold (inner diameter: 7 cm / height: 3 cm), and heated and pressed at the temperature and pressure shown in the table using a hot press to produce a molded body.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Samples having a citric acid content of 33.3 wt% or 50 wt% were most easily cured, and a black plastic-like molded product was obtained.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- the molded body obtained by heating and pressing the acacia bark powder / citric acid powder for 10 minutes did not cure at 140 ° C., but cured at 160 ° C. However, it was difficult to maintain the shape of the obtained cured product when left in hot water. At a heating temperature of 200 ° C., the composition was completely cured and maintained its shape even when left in hot water / ethanol. This shows that the heating temperature needs to be at least 160 ° C., preferably 200 ° C.
- the molded body obtained from Sample 8 was black and had a thickness of about 3 mm, a weight of about 13 g, and a density of about 1.1 g / cm 3 and was strong.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- the heating temperature was 140 ° C., curing was incomplete even after heating and pressing for 10 minutes. It was cured when the heating temperature was 160 ° C. 200 ° C. was more suitable.
- a thermal analysis of a mixture of acacia bark powder and citric acid powder was performed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC2910 manufactured by TA Instruments).
- the obtained chart is shown in FIG.
- strong endothermic peaks are observed around 150 ° C and 198 ° C.
- the peak around 150 ° C is considered to be mainly due to melting of citric acid.
- the peak around 198 ° C. is considered to be a peak due to the reaction of the mixture. Therefore, it can be seen that the heating temperature of the mixture of the acacia bark powder and the citric acid powder is preferably around 198 ° C.
- Wood fiber (fibrous, length 1 mm or less, thickness [maximum diameter] 0.2 mm or less) used for fiberboard raw material instead of acacia bark powder, or particle board wood particles (small piece, maximum length) About 10 mm and a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.8 mm were used, and a molded body was produced in the same procedure as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4. This experiment shows that wood fiber and wood particles can be molded in the same way as acacia bark powder.
- Example No. 3 Using the molded body (Sample No. 3) produced in Example 1, antibacterial activity against E. coli was tested.
- the test method conformed to JIS Z-2801.
- the number of bacteria on the film used for the control was 1.6 ⁇ 10 5
- the number of bacteria on the molded article according to the present invention was 0.
- the molded object which consists of a composition of Example 1 has high antimicrobial property. This antibacterial property is considered to be derived from tannin in the acacia bark powder.
- the woods were bonded together using the composition according to the present invention.
- a three-ply plywood was prepared using a lauan veneer (30 ⁇ 30 ⁇ 0.16 cm) and a mixture of acacia bark powder and citric acid powder (weight ratio 2: 1) as an adhesive.
- the mixture to be an adhesive was uniformly spread on a single plate using a 24-mesh sieve.
- the coating amount per adhesive layer was two types of 70 g / m 2 and 100 g / m 2 .
- the hot pressing conditions were a pressing pressure of 10 kgf / cm 2 , a pressing temperature of 200 ° C., and a pressing time of 5 minutes.
- the value was 0.49 MPa at a coating amount of 70 g / m 2 and 0.63 MPa at a coating amount of 100 g / m 2 , and the adhesiveness of the mixture was recognized.
- acacia bark powder 100 mesh pass
- citric acid powder 60 mesh pass
- a molded body was produced.
- the molded body was subjected to a bending test and a water resistance test.
- a test piece for a bending test normal bending test
- a 80 mm x 10 mm rectangular molded body was used, and a three-point bending test was performed at a span of 50 mm and a crosshead speed of 5 mm / min.
- Strength (MOR) and bending Young's modulus (MOE) were measured.
- test specimens were three per condition.
- a test piece for a water resistance test a 70 mm diameter circular molded body (thickness 2 to 4 mm) was used, immersed in water at 100 ° C for 4 hours, dried at 60 ° C for 20 hours, and further immersed in water at 100 ° C. After being immersed for 4 hours, it was vacuum-dried, the weight and thickness were measured, and the rate of change was determined.
- the number of test specimens was three per condition. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material to the polycarboxylic acid is within the range of 0.7 to 9.5: 1.0, the conditions (heating and pressing time, pressure, temperature, etc.) It has been found that there is a possibility of curing by adjusting.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material and the polycarboxylic acid that are more easily cured is in the range of 1.0 to 8.0: 1.0.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material to the polycarboxylic acid powder may be 1.0 to 5.0: 1.0. Particularly preferable, 1.5 to 4.0: 1.0 was more preferable.
- composition according to the present invention is cured.
- Acacia (A. mangiumu) bark is rich in tannins. Tannin is highly reactive and is also used in adhesives and the like. Therefore, there is a possibility that some chemical reaction occurs between the tannin and the polycarboxylic acid due to the heating and pressurization to be cured.
- tannin was separated and extracted, and the reaction of the extracted tannin and the residue with citric acid was examined.
- acacia bark powder 100 g was added to 1000 ml of 70% acetone and stirred for 48 hours to elute tannin in the acacia bark into acetone. Thereafter, filtration was performed, and the filtrate (tannin extract) was concentrated under reduced pressure and lyophilized to obtain a tannin powder. The yield of tannin was 38.2%.
- the residue on the filter paper was washed and dried. 10 g of the extracted tannin or 10 g of the extraction residue thus obtained is mixed with 5 g of citric acid, filled into a circular mold (inner diameter 7 cm / height 3 cm), and hot pressed (200 ° C., 4 MPa, 10 minutes). An attempt was made to produce a molded body.
- the spectrum was measured for the molded body made of only the extraction residue and the extraction residue and citric acid by KBr method using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR).
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
- Example 10 From the results of Example 10, an experiment was conducted focusing on saccharides as an additive for promoting curing.
- Filter paper powder was used as the plant-derived material, and citric acid powder was used as the polycarboxylic acid, and a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide shown in the following table was added thereto to try to produce a molded product.
- 10 g of filter paper powder 100 to 200 mesh
- 5 g of sugar powder were mixed to prepare a composition. This was filled in a circular mold (inner diameter: 7 cm, thickness: 3 cm) and hot pressed (200 ° C., 4 MPa, 10 minutes).
- particle boards are manufactured by forming (forming) small pieces of wood sprayed with a synthetic resin adhesive and placing them on a press stand to perform up-down pressing. If a particle board can be produced using a polycarboxylic acid instead of a synthetic resin adhesive, a particle board containing no harmful substances such as formaldehyde can be produced, which is very useful. Further, by dissolving the polycarboxylic acid in a solvent and spraying it, the polycarboxylic acid can be uniformly distributed to the wood particles, and can be carried out with exactly the same equipment as in the production of a normal particle board.
- the solution is sprayed onto dry wood particles (raw materials are recycled materials: particles with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.8 mm, a width of 1 to 30 mm, a length of about 5 to 30 mm), and a mat is molded in a 30 x 30 cm molding box.
- hot plate pressing was performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the thickness was controlled using a 0.9 cm distance bar for pressing, and the set pressure of the press was 5 MPa [51 kgf / cm 2 ].
- Target board dimensions 30cm ⁇ 30cm ⁇ 0.9cm, the target density is 0.8 g / cm 3.
- the obtained particle board had a bending strength of 14.67 MPa, a bending Young's modulus of 4.28 GPa, a 24-hour water absorption thickness expansion coefficient of 30.58%, and was a board with relatively low physical properties.
- the weight ratio of polycarboxylic acid to saccharide is preferably about 1.0: 0.1 to 5.0, particularly 1.0: 0.5 to 4.0 (more preferably 1.0: 0.5 to The range of 3.0) was suitable.
- the weight ratio of plant-derived material to polycarboxylic acid is within the range of 2.0 to 15.0: 1.0. ⁇ It was found that there is a possibility of curing by adjusting the temperature.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material and the polycarboxylic acid that are easily cured is 2.0 to 10.0: 1.0 (more preferably 4.0 to 8.0: 1.0).
- the weight ratio of plant-derived material to polycarboxylic acid is within the range of 4.0 to 20.0: 1.0. It turns out that there is a possibility.
- the weight ratio of the plant-derived material and the polycarboxylic acid that are easily cured is 6.0 to 14.0: 1.0 (more preferably 8.0 to 12.0: 1.0).
- a plastic-like molded body or a wooden molded body by using an easily available and inexpensive material and using a very simple process without using a fossil product. Since these wastes are also considered to be biodegradable, they can be used as environmentally friendly biomass materials. In addition, when an acacia bark powder is used, it is considered to be suitable for food trays because of its antibacterial properties.
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Abstract
Description
特に、植物由来物が粉末状ではなく小片状の場合は、ポリカルボン酸のみでは硬化しにくいことや、硬化により得られた成形体がもろくなることがあるが、糖類を添加した組成物は、植物由来物が小片状の場合も硬化させやすく、強固な成形体を得ることができる。
十分な強度を有するボードを製造するためには、糖類を併用することが好ましいが、植物由来物としてバガス(サトウキビの搾汁後の残渣)を用いる場合など、植物由来物中に、ホロセルロース成分(セルロースおよびヘミセルロース)以外にも糖類(c)がすでに存在する場合は、ポリカルボン酸のみを含む溶液で十分な強度を有するボードを製造することができる。
粉末状のポリカルボン酸を用いる場合、ポリカルボン酸粉末の粒径は、60メッシュの篩をパスしたものを使用することが好ましい。
糖類(c)を添加しない場合、組成物におけるポリカルボン酸の含有量は、約10重量%以上であることが好ましい。10重量%未満であると、硬化しにくくなる。また、硬化体を形成するのに余剰なポリカルボン酸は残存もしくは分解すると考えられるため、ポリカルボン酸の含有量は55重量%以下が好ましい。より好ましい組成物では、ポリカルボン酸の含有量は15重量%~50重量%である。ポリカルボン酸が粉末状の場合、ポリカルボン酸の含有量は20~40重量%が特に好ましい。
糖類(c)を添加する場合は、組成物におけるポリカルボン酸の含有量は、7重量%以上40重量%以下であることが好ましい。より好ましいポリカルボン酸の含有量は10重量%~30重量%である。
単糖類としては、例えばフルクトース、リボース、アラビノース、ラムノース、キシルロース、デオキシリボース等が挙げられ、オリゴ糖としては、例えばマルトース、トレハロース、ツラノース等の二糖類や、フラクトオリゴ糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、マンナンオリゴ糖、スタキオース等が挙げられ、多糖類としては、例えばデンプン、アガロース、アルギン酸、グルコマンナン、イヌリン、キチン、キトサン、ヒアルロン酸、グリコーゲン等が挙げられる。また、セルロースはたいていの植物由来物に含まれる多糖類であるが、植物由来物中のセルロース含有量が低い場合には、さらに糖類としてセルロースを添加しても良い。
特に好ましい糖類として、ショ糖(スクロース)、キシロースおよびデキストリンが挙げられる。
糖類(c)を添加する場合、前記(b)と(c)の重量比は、1.0:0.1~1.0:5.0であることが好ましい。より好ましい(b)と(c)の重量比は、1.0:0.5~1.0:4.0である。
なお、糖類(c)を添加する場合、前記(b)と(c)の合計重量が、(a)の重量を超えないことが好ましい。
また、(c)を添加する場合、前記(b)と(c)の重量比は1.0:0.1~1.0:5.0(より好ましくは1.0:0.5~1.0:4.0)とすることが好ましい。さらに、(c)を添加する場合、前記(b)と(c)の合計重量が、(a)の重量の2分の1を超えないことが好ましい。
前記溶液は、(b)または(c)のみを含む場合も、(b)と(c)を一緒に含む場合も、濃度が高い方が好ましく、飽和濃度の90重量%以上であることが好ましい。
(c)を添加する場合、(b)と(c)の均一な混合、工程の簡略化の点から、(b)と(c)の両方を含む溶液を使用することがより好ましい。
しかし、植物由来物として、バガスのように、スクロース等をあらかじめ含む植物を用いる場合は、(b)単独でも、物性に優れた成形体を得ることができる。
小片化された植物由来物(a)に、ポリカルボン酸(b)および/または糖類(c)を溶液の状態で添加する適切な方法として、植物由来物に前記溶液を噴霧する方法が挙げられる。
以下、実施例により本発明をより詳細に説明する。
クエン酸粉末を、アカシア樹皮粉末と同程度の粒径になるまで乳鉢と乳棒を用いて粉砕し、表1に示す重量を秤量し、均一に混合して組成物を調製した。
曲げ試験(常態曲げ試験)用の試験片としては、80mm×10mmの長方形状成形体(厚み2~4mm)を用い、スパン50mm、クロスヘッドスピード5mm/minにて3点曲げ試験を行い、曲げ強度(MOR)および曲げヤング率(MOE)を測定した。試験体数は1条件につき3体とした。
耐水試験用の試験片としては、直径70mmの円状成形体(厚み2~4mm)を用い、100℃の水に4時間浸漬した後、60℃で20時間乾燥し、さらに100℃の水に4時間浸漬した後、真空乾燥し、重量・厚みを測定し、その変化率を求めた。試験体数は1条件につき3体とした。
結果を表5および表6に示す。
さらに、アカシア木粉:クエン酸粉末=4:1(クエン酸含有率20重量%)の組成物について、加熱加圧時の温度(成形温度)を140~200℃に変更して実験を行った。結果を表8に示す。成形温度180℃以上で大幅な強度の向上が見られ、200℃で最も良い結果が得られた。
また、粉末状のポリカルボン酸を用いて、曲げ強度や耐水性に優れた成形体を製造するためには、植物由来物とポリカルボン酸粉末の重量比を1.0~5.0:1.0とすることが特に好ましく、1.5~4.0:1.0とすることがより好ましかった。
このようにして得られた抽出タンニン10gまたは抽出残渣10gをクエン酸5gと混合し、円形の金型(内径7cm/高さ3cm)に充填し、ホットプレス(200℃、4MPa、10分)して成形体の作製を試みた。
さらに、抽出残渣粉末とクエン酸粉末(重量比2:1)からなる組成物について、実施例8と同じ方法で試験片を作製し、同じ方法で曲げ試験・耐水試験を行ったところ、残渣を用いた成形体はアカシア樹皮粉末を用いた成形体(アカシア樹皮:クエン酸=2:1)と同等程度の強度を示した。
この実施例の結果から、クエン酸はタンニン以外の成分と反応していることが分かった。
植物由来物としてろ紙粉末、ポリカルボン酸としてクエン酸粉末を用い、これに下記表に示す単糖、二糖もしくは多糖を添加して成形体の作製を試みた。
まず、ろ紙粉末(100~200メッシュ)10g、クエン酸粉末(60メッシュパス)2.5g、糖粉末5gを混合して組成物を調製した。これを円形の金型(内径7cm・厚さ3cm)に充填し、ホットプレス(200℃、4MPa、10分)を行った。
その結果、いずれの場合もプラスチック状の成形体を作製することができた。次に、成形体の耐水性を調べるために、沸騰させた水中に4時間浸漬した。結果を表9に示す。表9に示すように、キシロース、スクロース、デキストリンを添加した成形体が特に優れた特性を示した。なお、ろ紙粉末とクエン酸粉末のみ(重量比4:1)から成形体を作製した場合は、耐水性が極めて低い結果となった。この実施例の結果から、硬化を促進する添加物として、糖類が有効であること、特にスクロース、キシロース、デキストリンが有効であることが分かる。
溶液として、クエン酸を飽和濃度近くまで溶解した溶液(59wt%)を全乾パーティクル重量に対し固形分で20%添加されるように噴霧した(試験1)。すなわち、重量比は、木材パーティクル:クエン酸=5:1である。得られたパーティクルボードは曲げ強度14.67MPa, 曲げヤング率4.28GPaであり、24時間吸水厚さ膨張率は30.58%であり、比較的低い物性のボードであった。
曲げ強度は19.9MPa、曲げヤング率は4.26GPa、24時間吸水厚さ膨潤率は24.78%となった。この結果から、糖類の添加が物性の向上に寄与することが確認できた。
また、ポリカルボン酸を溶液として添加する場合、糖類を添加しない場合は、植物由来物とポリカルボン酸の重量比を2.0~15.0:1.0の範囲内とすれば、条件(加熱加圧時間・圧力・温度等)を調節することにより、硬化する可能性があることが分かった。特に硬化させやすい植物由来物とポリカルボン酸の重量比は2.0~10.0:1.0(より好ましくは4.0~8.0:1.0)である。糖類を添加する場合は、植物由来物とポリカルボン酸の重量比を4.0~20.0:1.0の範囲内とすれば、条件(加熱加圧時間・圧力・温度等)を調節することにより、硬化する可能性があることが分かった。特に硬化させやすい植物由来物とポリカルボン酸の重量比は6.0~14.0:1.0(より好ましくは8.0~12.0:1.0)である。
Claims (13)
- 加熱・加圧により硬化する組成物であって、粉末化または小片化された植物由来物(a)とポリカルボン酸(b)を主成分とすることを特徴とする組成物。
- 前記ポリカルボン酸が粉末の状態であり、前記(a)と(b)の重量比が0.7~4.0:1.0であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- さらに、糖類(c)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記(b)と(c)の重量比が、1.0:0.1~5.0であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記糖類が、スクロース、キシロースおよびデキストリンからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項3または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリカルボン酸が、クエン酸および/またはイタコン酸であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 成型用組成物であることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 木材接着用組成物であることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を加熱・加圧することによって得られた成形体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を、型に入れ、160℃~250℃に加熱し、5kgf/cm2~70kgf/cm2で加圧することを特徴とする、成形体の製造方法。
- 小片化された植物由来物(a)に、ポリカルボン酸(b)を溶液の状態で添加し、加熱・加圧する工程を含むこと、を特徴とする成形体の製造方法。
- さらに、糖類(c)を溶液の状態で添加し、前記加熱・加圧を行うことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の成形体の製造方法。
- 前記(b)と(c)の混合溶液を添加することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の製造方法。
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EP09773566.6A EP2311913B1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Composition cured by applying heat/pressure thereto |
AU2009266708A AU2009266708B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Composition cured by applying heat/pressure thereto |
US13/002,470 US20110174191A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Composition cured by applying heat/pressure thereto |
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CA2726842A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
EP2311913A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
CN102076772B (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
AU2009266708B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
CN102076772A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
JPWO2010001988A1 (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2311913A4 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
AU2009266708A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
US20110174191A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
JP5472639B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2311913B1 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
CA2726842C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
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