WO2009153999A1 - 音響エネルギ計測装置並びにこれを用いた音響性能評価装置及び音響情報計測装置 - Google Patents
音響エネルギ計測装置並びにこれを用いた音響性能評価装置及び音響情報計測装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009153999A1 WO2009153999A1 PCT/JP2009/002793 JP2009002793W WO2009153999A1 WO 2009153999 A1 WO2009153999 A1 WO 2009153999A1 JP 2009002793 W JP2009002793 W JP 2009002793W WO 2009153999 A1 WO2009153999 A1 WO 2009153999A1
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- acoustic energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
- G01H3/10—Amplitude; Power
- G01H3/12—Amplitude; Power by electric means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
- H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/326—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only for microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/004—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/004—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for microphones
- H04R29/005—Microphone arrays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an acoustic energy measuring device, and more particularly to an acoustic energy measuring device capable of measuring acoustic energy that is not affected by standing waves. Moreover, it is related with the acoustic performance evaluation apparatus which evaluates the acoustic performance of space using such an acoustic energy measuring device. Further, the present invention relates to an acoustic information measuring device capable of measuring not only acoustic energy but also acoustic information such as sound pressure, particle velocity, and sound intensity.
- a sound level meter using a sound pressure type microphone has been used when performing acoustic performance evaluation in a closed space such as an interior of a building, an automobile, or an aircraft.
- the presence of a standing wave greatly affects the sound pressure to be measured.
- the standing wave is a natural vibration that occurs when the size of the closed space matches the wavelength.
- a standing wave is generated in a closed space, a phenomenon occurs in which a large sound pressure is measured at one measurement position and a small sound pressure is measured at another measurement position.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a residential acoustic performance measuring apparatus using such an ISO standard.
- Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 are techniques for correcting the sound field in consideration of standing waves.
- the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 measures the standing wave in the trunk room when the sound is output in the car with the car audio, cancels the standing wave by the output of the speaker provided separately, and stands in the trunk room. It eliminates waves and outputs high quality sound into the car.
- Patent Document 3 measures a standing wave, cancels the standing wave at an arbitrary position with a speaker output, and stabilizes the sound pressure level.
- JP-A-6-194217 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-97263 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-2661900
- Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 measure the sound pressure in order to control the distribution of the sound pressure intensity by the standing wave to be constant using the speaker output.
- the measured sound pressure has not been used for evaluation of acoustic performance (specifically, sound insulation performance) in a closed space.
- the present invention considers not only sound pressure but also particle velocity, so that acoustic energy that is not affected by standing waves can be measured even in a closed space where standing waves can occur.
- An energy measuring device is to be provided. It is another object of the present invention to provide an acoustic performance evaluation apparatus capable of objectively evaluating acoustic performance without being affected by standing waves using such an acoustic energy measurement apparatus. Furthermore, the present invention intends to provide an acoustic information measuring device capable of measuring not only acoustic energy but also acoustic information such as sound pressure, particle velocity, and sound intensity.
- an acoustic energy measuring device includes a sound receiving unit that performs sonoelectric conversion, a sound pressure calculating unit that calculates sound pressure using an output from the sound receiving unit, and And an acoustic energy calculating unit that calculates acoustic energy using an output from the sound pressure calculating unit.
- a particle velocity calculation unit that calculates the particle velocity using the output from the sound receiving unit is provided, and the acoustic energy calculation unit calculates the acoustic energy using the outputs from the sound pressure calculation unit and the particle velocity calculation unit. It may be a thing.
- the acoustic energy calculation unit calculates the acoustic energy by adding the potential energy calculated using the output from the sound pressure calculation unit and the kinetic energy calculated using the output from the particle velocity calculation unit. good.
- the sound receiving unit may include a plurality of unidirectional microphones, and the plurality of microphones may be arranged such that the sum of unit vectors facing the maximum sensitivity direction is zero. .
- the sound receiving unit may include a characteristic correcting unit that corrects the characteristics of information measured by the sound receiving unit.
- an acoustic performance evaluation device that uses an acoustic evaluation index based on acoustic energy measured by the acoustic energy measurement device of the present invention may be used.
- the acoustic information measuring device uses the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention, and the acoustic information measuring device includes an acoustic intensity calculating unit that calculates an acoustic intensity using at least an output from the sound pressure calculating unit. It may be what you do.
- At least two or more of the sound pressure by the sound pressure calculation unit, the particle velocity by the particle velocity calculation unit, the acoustic energy by the acoustic energy calculation unit, and the sound intensity by the sound intensity calculation unit are switched to change the acoustic information measurement device. It may be provided with a switching means for outputting the above.
- the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention has an advantage that acoustic energy that is not affected by standing waves can be measured. Further, the acoustic performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention has an advantage that objective acoustic performance evaluation that is not affected by standing waves is possible. Furthermore, the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention has an advantage that it can measure not only acoustic energy but also acoustic information such as sound pressure, particle velocity, and sound intensity.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining an acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram when a sound field in which a single plane wave arrives at the sound receiving unit is assumed.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining an acoustic energy calculation unit of the acoustic energy measuring device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the sound receiving unit of the acoustic energy measuring device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the distribution measurement results in the 63 Hz octave band.
- FIG. 6 shows distribution measurement results in the 125 Hz octave band.
- FIG. 7 shows a distribution measurement result in an 80 Hz pure sound.
- FIG. 5 shows the distribution measurement results in the 63 Hz octave band.
- FIG. 6 shows distribution measurement results in the 125 Hz octave band.
- FIG. 7 shows a distribution measurement result in an 80
- FIG. 8 shows the distribution measurement results for a 125 Hz pure tone.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the spatial deviation of energy at each sound receiving point.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relative level of energy at each sound receiving point in the 63 Hz octave band.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relative level of energy at each sound receiving point in an 80 Hz pure tone.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the reverberation attenuation characteristics at each sound receiving point in the 63 Hz octave band.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining the acoustic information measuring apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram for explaining another example of the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining an acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention.
- the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention mainly includes a sound receiving unit 1, a sound pressure calculating unit 2, a particle velocity calculating unit 3, and an acoustic energy calculating unit 4.
- the sound receiving unit 1 performs sound-electric conversion, and is composed of a microphone.
- the structure and method of the microphone are not limited to specific ones, and may be any as long as information capable of calculating sound pressure and particle velocity can be obtained as will be described later.
- the sound pressure calculation unit 2 calculates the sound pressure using the output from the sound receiving unit 1. Since the sound receiving unit 1 outputs a signal (voltage or the like) that varies based on the loudness measured by the microphone, the sound pressure P is calculated using the signal. A computer, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or the like may be used for these arithmetic processes.
- a DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the particle velocity calculator 3 calculates the particle velocity using the output from the sound receiver 1. Similar to the sound pressure calculator 2, the particle velocity u is calculated using an output signal such as a voltage from the sound receiver 1. A computer, DSP, or the like may be used for these arithmetic processes.
- the particle velocity calculation unit 3 is specified. However, as will be described later, when the acoustic energy can be calculated using only the information from the sound pressure calculation unit without directly obtaining the particle velocity, Since it is not necessary to calculate the velocity, the particle velocity calculation unit is not necessarily provided at this time.
- the acoustic energy calculation unit 4 calculates acoustic energy using outputs from the sound pressure calculation unit 2 and the particle velocity calculation unit 3. Using the sound pressure calculated by the sound pressure calculation unit 2 and the particle velocity calculated by the particle velocity calculation unit 3, the acoustic energy e is calculated by adding these. A computer, DSP, or the like may be used for these arithmetic processes.
- a computer that perform sound pressure calculation, particle velocity calculation, and acoustic energy calculation may be configured in common.
- sound pressure calculation, particle velocity calculation, and acoustic energy calculation may be performed using the characteristics of information measured by the sound receiving unit as they are.
- the correction unit may be provided in the sound receiving unit, and each calculation may be performed after various corrections (weighting and filtering) are performed.
- various weighting characteristics such as an A characteristic for approximating the noise level (sense amount) and a C characteristic for approximating the sound pressure level (physical quantity) are available. Are known. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the acoustic energy and the like subjected to the desired correction by performing the same correction as the above in the sound receiving unit of the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention.
- the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention can be applied to any structure as long as it can calculate sound pressure and particle velocity.
- a sound pressure calculation unit that quantifies the magnitude of the pressure fluctuation of a sound wave measured by a sound receiving unit using an omnidirectional microphone is known.
- the particle velocity calculation unit calculates particle velocity based on the difference in sound pressure measured by the sound receiving unit using a plurality of omnidirectional microphones arranged on the same straight line (PP method). (For example, those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-045590. These configurations are hereinafter referred to as Example 1).
- the particle velocity calculation unit may calculate the particle velocity using, for example, two heat rays as the sound receiving unit and a change in the resistance value of the heat rays caused by the passage of air particles (for example, those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-292667. Hereinafter, these configurations are referred to as Example 2.)
- a CC measuring device can be applied to the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention.
- International Publication No. 2006/054599 discloses a device capable of obtaining sound pressure and particle velocity using a database of difference in level of microphones arranged in the opposite directions of 180 degrees.
- a predetermined calculation process is performed using a sound receiving unit composed of a pair of unidirectional microphones whose directivities are arranged 180 degrees opposite to each other on orthogonal axes.
- Example 3 a CC-type acoustic measurement device that detects sound pressure and particle velocity without using a database.
- These CC-type acoustic measurement apparatuses can measure sound pressure and particle velocity without depending on the frequency of sound from a sound source (hereinafter, these configurations are referred to as Example 3).
- the CC-type sound receiving unit in Example 3 has a plurality of unidirectional microphones, and each microphone is arranged so that the sum of unit vectors facing the maximum sensitivity direction becomes zero.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram when a sound field in which a single plane wave arrives at the sound receiving unit is assumed.
- FIG. 2 shows the directivity characteristics when a pair of unidirectional microphones having two sound receiving units are arranged and the direction of the maximum sensitivity direction is directed toward the plus side and the minus side of the x-axis direction, respectively.
- the particle velocity u (t) in the sound field traveling direction when a sound field in which a single plane wave P (t) arrives at an angle ⁇ with respect to the x direction is expressed by the following equation. Where ⁇ is the air density, c is the speed of sound, and ⁇ c is the acoustic impedance.
- the particle velocity u x (t) in the x direction is expressed by the following equation.
- this sound field is measured by a sound receiving unit composed of a unidirectional microphone pair.
- the unidirectional microphone include various types such as a cardioid microphone, a super cardioid microphone, and a hyper cardioid microphone.
- a cardioid microphone when used, the responses P 1 (t) and P 2 (t) measured by the two microphones are expressed by the following equations, respectively.
- the sound pressure calculation unit obtains the sound pressure by adding the measured values of the two microphones in this way.
- the measured value of each microphone becomes omnidirectional sound pressure as evident from the above-mentioned formula, with such a configuration, omnidirectional sound pressure is easily calculated. It becomes possible.
- the particle velocity calculation unit obtains the particle velocity component by obtaining the difference between the responses of the two microphones. Also, when obtaining the particle velocity component in the y direction and further in the z direction, the particle velocity component in each direction may be obtained in the same manner as in the above theory, and if the particle velocity component in each direction is vector synthesized, The speed u (t) is obtained.
- the sound receiving unit, the sound pressure calculating unit, and the particle velocity calculating unit using the CC method as in Example 3 use the difference and addition of the microphone pairs in each dimension. It can be seen that a particle velocity in each dimension and an omnidirectional sound pressure are required.
- the sound receiving unit, the sound pressure calculating unit, and the particle velocity calculating unit may interpret the CC method with a vector to obtain the sound pressure and the particle velocity.
- This CC vector synthesis method is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-057260 by the inventor of the present application (hereinafter, these configurations are referred to as Example 4).
- the omnidirectional sound pressure P (t) and the particle velocity vector u (t) are each expressed by the following equations.
- n is the number of microphones (number of channels)
- P i (t) is a unidirectional sound pressure obtained by an i-channel microphone
- K is a particle velocity that varies depending on the number of channels and the type of microphone.
- the normalization coefficient, vector e i is a unit vector that faces the maximum sensitivity direction of the i-channel microphone.
- Example 4 when the sound field is interpreted as a vector, the particle velocity vector is obtained by multiplying (weighting) each unit vector by each measured value of a plurality of unidirectional microphones. It is expressed as a composite. That is, the particle velocity calculation unit may multiply each unit vector by the sound pressure of each of the plurality of unidirectional microphones and vector synthesize them.
- the omnidirectional sound pressure is expressed as the sum of the sound pressures of a plurality of unidirectional microphones. That is, the sound pressure calculation unit obtains the sum of the sound pressures of the plurality of unidirectional microphones.
- unit vectors facing the maximum sensitivity direction of each microphone must be spatially balanced. That is, a plurality of microphones are arranged so that the sum of each unit vector becomes zero.
- the contribution of each dimension is equal as expressed in the following equation. That is, it is arranged so that the sum of the squares of the components of the unit vectors of the plurality of microphones is equal.
- the number of microphones should be larger than the number of spatial dimensions of the calculated acoustic information vector.
- the plurality of microphones constituting the sound receiving unit may satisfy these conditions.
- the condition of (2) is not necessarily essential, and even if the microphone placement is such that the contribution of each dimension is not equal, it can be dealt with by appropriately correcting if the condition of (1) is satisfied. It is.
- this vector synthesis method can be used as the sound receiving unit of the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining an acoustic energy calculation unit of the acoustic energy measuring device according to the present invention.
- the acoustic energy calculation unit 4 of the acoustic energy measurement device of the present invention includes a potential energy calculation unit 41, a kinetic energy calculation unit 42, and an addition unit 43.
- the potential energy calculation unit 41 calculates the potential energy V using the sound pressure P that is an output from the sound pressure calculation unit 2.
- the potential energy V is expressed by the following equation.
- the kinetic energy calculation unit 42 calculates kinetic energy using the particle velocity u that is an output from the particle velocity calculation unit 3.
- the kinetic energy T is expressed by the following equation.
- the particle velocity u is a vector quantity, but the kinetic energy calculation unit 42 uses only the magnitude of the particle velocity as a scalar quantity.
- the acoustic energy e is obtained by adding the potential energy V and the kinetic energy T. That is, the acoustic energy e is expressed by the following equation using Equations 12 and 13.
- Equation 14 in order to calculate the acoustic energy, the potential energy calculated using the output from the sound pressure calculating unit, the kinetic energy calculated using the output from the particle velocity calculating unit, Can be added.
- the acoustic energy is the addition of potential energy and kinetic energy.
- the present invention is not limited to this in the calculation of the acoustic energy, and it is not always necessary in terms of the formula by appropriately modifying the formula. An expression that does not add the potential energy and the kinetic energy may be used.
- the kinetic energy of Equation 13 can be expressed only by unidirectional sound pressure. Therefore, by appropriately modifying the formula, the unidirectional sound pressure corresponding to the number of channels of the microphone is output from the sound pressure calculation unit without directly obtaining the particle velocity, and the acoustic energy is calculated using these. When performing the calculation to calculate, it is not necessary to calculate the particle velocity. Therefore, at this time, the particle velocity calculation unit is not necessarily provided.
- the characteristics of acoustic energy in a situation where standing waves are generated in a closed space will be described.
- the sound pressure and the particle velocity have a phase shifted relationship.
- the particle velocity square is the minimum value
- the sound pressure square is the minimum value.
- the square of the speed is the maximum value.
- the potential energy and the kinetic energy are proportional to the square of the sound pressure and the particle velocity, respectively.
- the relationship between the potential energy and the kinetic energy is such that the kinetic energy has the minimum value when the potential energy is the maximum value, and conversely, the kinetic energy has the maximum value when the potential energy is the minimum value. That is, the kinetic energy and the potential energy are each changed by the influence of the standing wave, but since the change is the mutual delivery of energy, the acoustic energy that is the sum of the two becomes a stable value. For this reason, the acoustic energy is a value that is not affected by the presence of the standing wave.
- the measurement value greatly changes depending on the measurement position due to the influence of the standing wave in the closed space where the standing wave is generated. According to this, it is possible to measure acoustic energy that is not affected by the standing wave, and to obtain a measurement value that does not depend on the measurement position.
- the sound receiving unit is a three-dimensional 6-channel configuration using three pairs of cardioid microphones having directivity 180 degrees opposite to each other on each axis of orthogonal coordinates.
- a CC probe and a regular tetrahedral CC probe having a four-channel configuration using four cardioid microphones arranged from the apex of the regular tetrahedron toward the center of gravity are used. And measured.
- the measurement conditions are as follows.
- Measurement sound field Rectangular reverberation room (width 5m x depth 4m x height 3m)
- Measurement physical quantity sound pressure, particle velocity, acoustic energy
- Sound pressure is also measured with an omnidirectional microphone.
- Measurement pattern Measured at the intersection point of a 1 m-interval matrix on a horizontal surface with a height of 1.5 m. Measured at 5 points with different measurement items: Impulse response, pure tone (80 Hz, 125 Hz)
- a distribution measurement result is shown as a measurement result. 5 shows the distribution measurement results for the 63 Hz octave band, FIG. 6 shows the 125 Hz octave band, FIG. 7 shows the 80 Hz pure sound, and FIG. 8 shows the 125 Hz pure sound.
- P omni is the potential energy due to the omnidirectional microphone
- E P is the potential energy due to the synthesized sound pressure P of 6 or 4 channels
- E k is the kinetic energy
- E is the acoustic energy density
- u x , u y and u z represent the result of each component of the particle velocity vector. Note that the distribution is is normalized at the maximum value, only the particle velocity vector, u x, u y, is normalized in all data common maximum value of u z.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the spatial deviation (difference between the maximum value and the minimum value) of E P , E k , E at the five sound receiving points P1 to P5.
- the sound receiving points P1 to P5 are the same as the measurement environment shown in FIG. From this figure, it can be seen that the deviation of E P and E k is large in the 63 Hz band considered to be strongly influenced by the mode, but the spatial deviation decreases in the high sound range. However, regarding the acoustic energy density E, it can be seen that the deviation is always small regardless of the frequency.
- the 63Hz band is the largest deviation of E P, about 10 dB, E k is is about 4dB, the deviation of E is accommodated in 2dB below.
- the spatial deviations of E P , E k , and E are substantially equal.
- FIG. 10 shows the relative levels of E P , E k , and E at the respective sound receiving points P1 to P5 in the 63 Hz octave band
- FIG. 11 shows the 80 Hz pure tone.
- the relative level is a level normalized with the maximum value among E P , E k and E.
- the sound receiving points P1 to P5 are the same as the measurement environment shown in FIG. From these figures, it can be seen that E P varies the most, especially 30 dB or more in the 80 Hz pure tone. On the other hand, it can be seen that the deviation of E k is small and the deviation of E is even smaller and stable. In the standing wave field, it can also be seen that E k is generally higher than E P.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the reverberation attenuation characteristics of E P , E k , and E at each sound receiving point. These results are for the 63 Hz octave band. As shown, for the reverberation decay properties, E P is significantly differs from the measurement position. On the other hand, it was found that E was almost unchanged.
- the acoustic energy measuring device of the present invention can measure acoustic energy that is not affected by standing waves.
- an acoustic performance evaluation device may be realized using the acoustic energy measurement device of the present invention having such characteristics. That is, the acoustic performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention uses the acoustic energy measured by the above-described acoustic energy measurement apparatus as an acoustic evaluation index.
- acoustic energy is measured by an acoustic energy measuring device in a closed space such as a building room, an automobile room, and an aircraft room, and the acoustic performance is evaluated as an acoustic evaluation index using the measured acoustic energy.
- the logarithm of the acoustic energy may be taken and displayed in dB, or a multilevel evaluation may be performed.
- an acoustic performance evaluation apparatus capable of objective acoustic evaluation that is not affected by standing waves can be realized.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining the acoustic information measuring apparatus of the present invention.
- the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention mainly includes a sound receiving unit 1, a sound pressure calculating unit 2, a particle velocity calculating unit 3, an acoustic energy calculating unit 4, and an acoustic intensity calculating unit 5. It is configured.
- the acoustic information measuring device adds the acoustic intensity calculation unit 5 to the above-described acoustic energy measuring device, and can calculate the acoustic intensity in addition to the acoustic energy.
- the sound intensity includes not only information such as sound volume, frequency, and waveform, but also information related to the direction of sound, and is a physical quantity with a wide range of applications such as noise identification and surveillance camera systems.
- the sound intensity calculation unit 5 calculates the sound intensity using the outputs from the sound pressure calculation unit 2 and the particle velocity calculation unit 3. More specifically, the sound intensity calculation unit 5 obtains the sound intensity using the sound pressure output from the sound pressure calculation unit 2 and the particle velocity output from the particle velocity calculation unit 3. .
- the sound intensity is information on a vector amount given by the product of the sound pressure P expressed by a scalar amount and the particle velocity u expressed by a vector amount. That is, the sound intensity is given by the following equation.
- the sound pressure calculating unit is used by using the output from the omnidirectional microphone.
- the sound intensity is calculated by multiplying the sound pressure calculated by 2 and the particle velocity calculated by the particle velocity calculating unit 3 based on the difference between the sound pressures in the sound intensity calculating unit 5.
- the particle velocity calculated by the particle velocity calculator 3 from the change in resistance value of the two heat rays is used. Calculate the sound intensity.
- Equation 15 is as follows: Can be expressed as
- the sound intensity calculation unit 5 outputs the unidirectional sound pressure of each microphone from the sound pressure calculation unit 2 based on the output from the unidirectional microphone pair.
- the sound intensity may be calculated by adding and subtracting using only one unidirectional sound pressure and multiplying these results.
- the sound intensity can be calculated by squaring and subtracting two unidirectional sound pressures. In such a case, regarding the sound intensity calculation, only the unidirectional sound pressure information from the sound pressure calculation unit may be used, and the output from the particle velocity calculation unit may not be used.
- n is the number of microphones (number of channels)
- K is a particle velocity normalization coefficient that varies depending on the number of channels and the type of microphone.
- the sound intensity calculation unit multiplies the particle velocity vector and the omnidirectional sound pressure to obtain the sound intensity. Calculate the city.
- the sound intensity I (t) is expressed by the following equation.
- G is a normalization coefficient that varies depending on the number of channels and the microphone format.
- the sound intensity calculation unit 5 squares the sound pressure from the sound pressure calculation unit 2 based on the output from the unidirectional microphone pair, and uses this squared sound pressure as each unit vector.
- the sound intensity may be calculated by multiplication and vector synthesis. That is, in this case, regarding the calculation of the sound intensity, only the output from the sound pressure calculation unit may be used, and the output from the particle velocity calculation unit may not be used.
- the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention not only the acoustic energy but also the acoustic intensity can be calculated while the basic configurations of the acoustic energy measuring device and the sound receiving unit are the same. Further, in calculating the sound intensity, a configuration using only the sound pressure calculation unit of the acoustic energy measuring device or a configuration using both the sound pressure calculation unit and the particle velocity calculation unit may be used.
- Such an acoustic information measuring device of the present invention may be used to realize an acoustic performance evaluation device. That is, the acoustic performance evaluation apparatus of the present invention can use the acoustic energy and the intensity measured by the above-described acoustic energy measurement apparatus as an acoustic evaluation index. This makes it possible to evaluate acoustic performance based on more information.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram for explaining another example of the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention.
- the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention includes a sound receiving unit 1, a sound pressure calculating unit 2, a particle velocity calculating unit 3, an acoustic energy calculating unit 4, an acoustic intensity calculating unit 5, and a switching unit. 6 is mainly composed. That is, the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention is configured to be able to output information on sound pressure, particle velocity, acoustic energy, and acoustic intensity using a switching unit.
- the switching unit 6 switches the sound pressure P by the sound pressure calculation unit 2, the particle velocity u by the particle velocity calculation unit 3, the acoustic energy e by the acoustic energy calculation unit 4, and the sound intensity I by the sound intensity calculation unit 5.
- This is selectively output from the acoustic information measuring device.
- an example is shown in which all these pieces of acoustic information (P, u, e, I) can be switched.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the acoustic information is not limited to this. Any one that can switch and output at least two of them is acceptable. Of course, all the acoustic information may be displayed as a list.
- the acoustic information measuring apparatus of the present invention particularly when those used C-C method as described above in Example 3 and Example 4, by obtaining a unidirectional acoustic pressure P i by the output from the sound receiving unit 1 Using this, the particle velocity u, the acoustic energy e, and the acoustic intensity I can be obtained only by calculation processing. Therefore, all of the acoustic information can be calculated by a single measurement.
- the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention is configured so that the information calculated in this way can be selectively output using the switching unit 6.
- the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention may be a device that can replace the sound level meter that has been used to evaluate the sound pressure performance.
- the acoustic energy measuring device, the acoustic performance evaluation device, and the acoustic information measuring device of the present invention are not limited to the above illustrated examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course.
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Abstract
Description
(1)次式に表されるように、各マイクロホンの感度最大方向を向く単位ベクトルが空間的にバランスしていること。即ち、各単位ベクトルの総和がゼロとなるように複数のマイクロホンが配置されること。
測定音場:矩形残響室(幅5m×奥行き4m×高さ3m)
測定物理量:音圧、粒子速度、音響エネルギ
なお、比較として音圧については無指向性マイクロホ
ンでも測定
測定パターン:高さ1.5mの水平面上で1m間隔の行列の交点ポイ
ントで測定
高さを変えた5点で測定
測定項目:インパルス応答、純音(80Hz,125Hz)
2 音圧算出部
3 粒子速度算出部
4 音響エネルギ算出部
5 音響インテンシティ算出部
6 出力切替部
41 ポテンシャルエネルギ算出部
42 運動エネルギ算出部
43 加算部
Claims (8)
- 音響エネルギを計測する音響エネルギ計測装置であって、該音響エネルギ計測装置は、
音電変換を行う受音部と、
前記受音部からの出力を用いて音圧を算出する音圧算出部と、
前記音圧算出部からの出力を用いて音響エネルギを算出する音響エネルギ算出部と、
を具備することを特徴とする音響エネルギ計測装置。 - 請求項1に記載の音響エネルギ計測装置であって、さらに、前記受音部からの出力を用いて粒子速度を算出する粒子速度算出部を具備し、
前記音響エネルギ算出部は、前記音圧算出部及び粒子速度算出部からの出力を用いて音響エネルギを算出することを特徴とする音響エネルギ計測装置。 - 請求項2に記載の音響エネルギ計測装置において、前記音響エネルギ算出部は、前記音圧算出部からの出力を用いて算出するポテンシャルエネルギと、前記粒子速度算出部からの出力を用いて算出する運動エネルギとを加算して音響エネルギを算出することを特徴とする音響エネルギ計測装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項3の何れかに記載の音響エネルギ計測装置において、前記受音部は、単一指向性の複数のマイクロホンを有し、該複数のマイクロホンは、その感度最大方向を向く単位ベクトルの総和がゼロとなるように配置されることを特徴とする音響エネルギ計測装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項4の何れかに記載の音響エネルギ計測装置において、前記受音部は、受音部により測定される情報の特性を補正する特性補正部を具備することを特徴とする音響エネルギ計測装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項5の何れかに記載の音響エネルギ計測装置により計測される音響エネルギに基づき音響評価指標とする音響性能評価装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項5の何れかに記載の音響エネルギ計測装置を用いる音響情報計測装置であって、該音響情報計測装置は、少なくとも前記音圧算出部からの出力を用いて音響インテンシティを算出する音響インテンシティ算出部を具備することを特徴とする音響情報計測装置。
- 請求項7に記載の音響情報計測装置であって、さらに、前記音圧算出部による音圧、粒子速度算出部による粒子速度、音響エネルギ算出部による音響エネルギ、音響インテンシティ算出部による音響インテンシティのうちの少なくとも2つ以上をそれぞれ切り替えて音響情報計測装置の出力とする切替手段を具備することを特徴とする音響情報計測装置。
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JP2014044088A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Ohbayashi Corp | 騒音源探索システム |
JP2014044083A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Ohbayashi Corp | 騒音源探索システム |
JP2014044090A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Ohbayashi Corp | 騒音源探索システム |
JP2014044081A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Ohbayashi Corp | 騒音監視システム |
JP2019083383A (ja) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-30 | パイオニア株式会社 | 表示処理装置及び表示処理方法 |
JP2020034389A (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | 学校法人日本大学 | 音響情報測定装置、音響情報測定方法、及びプログラム |
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