WO2009150857A1 - Pyrolyseur et appareil de traitement de substances organiques équipé du pyrolyseur - Google Patents

Pyrolyseur et appareil de traitement de substances organiques équipé du pyrolyseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009150857A1
WO2009150857A1 PCT/JP2009/002707 JP2009002707W WO2009150857A1 WO 2009150857 A1 WO2009150857 A1 WO 2009150857A1 JP 2009002707 W JP2009002707 W JP 2009002707W WO 2009150857 A1 WO2009150857 A1 WO 2009150857A1
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gas
thermal decomposition
heat
pyrolysis
decomposition apparatus
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PCT/JP2009/002707
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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岡内年明
徳田美幸
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黒澤弘
香取三雄
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Publication of WO2009150857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009150857A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40—Acidic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/44—Organic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/869—Multiple step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/10—Oxidants
    • B01D2251/11—Air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal decomposition apparatus for processing a gas generated when pyrolyzing organic waste and an organic substance processing apparatus including the same.
  • Organic waste is generally incinerated in an incinerator.
  • dioxins and carbon dioxide are generated at the time of incineration, and recently, organic waste is treated using a thermal decomposition reaction.
  • Organic waste treatment equipment which is designed to suppress the generation of dioxins and carbon dioxide by completely combusting the waste by thermally decomposing organic waste represented by municipal waste in a reducing atmosphere.
  • Many systems have been developed to reuse resources such as heat generated in this pyrolysis process, water, and pyroligneous acid produced by cooling the generated gas.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-307237 (Patent Document 1) describes an apparatus for producing ceramics by treating organic waste using such a thermal decomposition reaction. JP 2004-307237 A
  • the raw organic substance is decomposed into a carbide and a gas component to produce ceramics from the carbide, while the gas component is oxidized using a catalytic oxidation device.
  • the oxidized gas is neutralized and washed using an alkali neutralization washing apparatus.
  • the present invention is a pyrolysis capable of reducing the load on these apparatuses when the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of organic waste is processed by a catalytic oxidation apparatus or an alkali neutralization cleaning apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and an organic matter processing apparatus including the apparatus.
  • a thermal decomposition apparatus is a thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing a raw material organic material, and a material layer (for example, Ceramics generation means (for example, air introduction pipe 65, air introduction port 66, fan 34 in the embodiment) for producing an inorganic oxide (ceramics) by bonding oxygen to the inorganic substance contained in the ceramic layer 28) in the embodiment.
  • Ceramics generation means for example, air introduction pipe 65, air introduction port 66, fan 34 in the embodiment
  • a decomposition gas passage means for example, a gas decomposition means that is disposed below the material layer in the pyrolysis apparatus and allows the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis in the pyrolysis apparatus to pass over the entire surface of the material layer accumulated in the pyrolysis apparatus (for example, The cracking gas passage pipe 61) in the embodiment, and the cracking gas passage means is configured to introduce the pyrolysis gas accumulated above in the pyrolysis device into the cracking gas passage means It has been.
  • a decomposition gas passage means for example, a gas decomposition means that is disposed below the material layer in the pyrolysis apparatus and allows the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis in the pyrolysis apparatus to pass over the entire surface of the material layer accumulated in the pyrolysis apparatus (for example, The cracking gas passage pipe 61) in the embodiment, and the cracking gas passage means is configured to introduce the pyrolysis gas accumulated above in the pyrolysis device into the cracking gas
  • the pyrolysis apparatus having the above-described configuration is provided with cracking gas introduction means (for example, cracking gas introduction pipes 63 and 68 and fan 33 in the embodiment) for communicating the upper part of the pyrolysis apparatus with the cracking gas passage means.
  • cracking gas introduction means for example, cracking gas introduction pipes 63 and 68 and fan 33 in the embodiment.
  • the pyrolysis gas accumulated above in the pyrolysis apparatus is sucked into the cracking gas introduction means and introduced into the cracking gas passage means through the cracking gas introduction means, so that it passes through the material layer. Is preferred.
  • the cracked gas passage means is formed of a tubular member formed in a lattice shape, and the pyrolysis gas introduced by the cracked gas introduction means is formed on the side surface or lower surface of the cracked gas passage means as a material layer. It is preferable that a cracked gas outlet is formed to blow out toward the bottom.
  • pressure adjustment means that is open to the atmosphere (for example, the pressure adjustment unit 51 in the embodiment) for adjusting the pressure of the pyrolysis gas inside the thermal decomposition apparatus is provided. preferable.
  • a heat medium supply pipe that supplies a heat medium to the thermal decomposition apparatus, and heat generated by the thermal decomposition gas and the heat medium that is connected to the heat medium supply pipe and is generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus.
  • the heat exchange pipe line to be exchanged and the heat medium that is connected to the heat exchange pipe line and exchanges heat in the heat exchange pipe line is sent to a heat supply target (for example, a hot water pool, heating, a snow melting device) for thermal decomposition.
  • a heat supply target for example, a hot water pool, heating, a snow melting device
  • the heat supply target is a steam turbine (power generation), a hot water pool, a greenhouse, heating, a snow melting apparatus, or the like.
  • an organic matter processing apparatus comprises a pyrolysis apparatus and a gas treatment apparatus for treating a pyrolysis gas generated by thermal decomposition in the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • An apparatus in which a gas processing apparatus oxidizes a gas component thermally decomposed by a thermal decomposition apparatus (for example, the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 in the embodiment), and a gas pipeline (for example, a duct in the embodiment) to oxidize the apparatus. 13b) is provided with a means for neutralizing and cleaning the oxidized gas (for example, the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 in the embodiment), and an oxidizing gas introduction for connecting the gas line with the cracked gas passage means.
  • the pyrolysis gas oxidized by the gas processing device is sucked into the oxidizing gas introducing means and passed through the oxidizing gas introducing means. By being introduced into, and is configured so as to pass through the material layer.
  • a ceramic outlet for taking out the ceramic generated in the material layer from the thermal decomposition apparatus is formed below the thermal decomposition apparatus.
  • ceramic suction means for example, a suction fan 54 in the embodiment
  • the ceramic suction means may be for recovering ceramics accumulated in the ceramic recovery box 52.
  • an air intake means that is open to the atmosphere for taking in air (for example, the air intake section 55 in the embodiment) is provided in the gas pipeline or the neutralization cleaning means. Is preferred.
  • the heat supply system provided in the organic matter processing apparatus includes a heat medium supply pipe for supplying a heat medium to at least one of the thermal decomposition apparatus and the oxidizing means, and a heat medium.
  • the heat medium that is connected to the heat exchange line and exchanges heat in the heat exchange pipeline is sent to a heat supply target (for example, a hot water pool, heating, snow melting device) to heat at least one of the heat in the pyrolysis device and the oxidation means.
  • a heat supply target for example, a hot water pool, heating, snow melting device
  • the heat exchange pipe is a cracker-side heat exchange pipe provided in the pyrolyzer, and is generated by thermal decomposition in the pyrolyzer in the cracker-side heat exchange pipe.
  • heat exchange between the pyrolysis gas and the heat medium is performed.
  • the oxidation apparatus side heat exchange pipe provided in the means for oxidizing the heat exchange pipe, and introduced into the means for oxidizing from the thermal decomposition apparatus in the oxidation apparatus side heat exchange pipe
  • the heat exchange between the pyrolysis gas and the heat medium may be performed.
  • the heat supply target is preferably a steam turbine (power generation), a hot water pool, a greenhouse, heating, a snow melting apparatus, or the like.
  • the pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition apparatus constituting the organic matter treatment apparatus passes through the material layer accumulated in the thermal decomposition apparatus.
  • a cracked gas passage means is provided.
  • the cracked gas passage means is configured such that the introduced pyrolyzed gas passes over the entire surface of the material layer.
  • the load at the time of a gas processing apparatus processing pyrolysis gas can be reduced.
  • the temperature of the pyrolysis gas rises by passing through ceramics and the like that are pyrolyzed at a high temperature, the function of the catalyst of the catalytic oxidation apparatus constituting the gas processing apparatus can be improved, and the life of the catalyst can be increased.
  • the pyrolysis gas accumulated above in the pyrolysis apparatus is passed through the cracking gas introducing means. It can be introduced into the passage means and passed through the material layer.
  • the cracked gas passage means is formed in a lattice and the cracked gas passage means is provided with a cracked gas outlet, the pyrolysis gas can pass through the entire surface of the material layer. Since more ceramic can be used to raise the temperature of the pyrolysis gas than when the pyrolysis gas is allowed to pass through only the part, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas can be effectively increased.
  • the thermal decomposition apparatus has pressure adjustment means that is open to the atmosphere for adjusting the pressure of the pyrolysis gas generated inside due to the thermal decomposition of the raw organic material. For this reason, when the internal pressure of the pyrolysis apparatus, which is normally in a negative pressure state, is higher than the atmospheric pressure, the gas inside the pyrolysis apparatus is discharged outside through the pressure adjusting means. Therefore, even when the raw material is ignited due to an increase in the temperature in the thermal decomposition apparatus, the pressure adjusting means functions as a safety valve, so that it is possible to prevent an explosion due to rapid thermal expansion of the gas.
  • the organic matter processing apparatus includes a pyrolysis apparatus and a gas processing apparatus for processing a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis apparatus, and the gas components constituting the gas processing apparatus are The means for oxidizing and the means for neutralizing and cleaning the gas communicate with each other through a gas line.
  • An oxidizing gas introducing means is provided for communicating the gas pipe line with the cracked gas passage means.
  • ceramic suction means for preventing the ceramic accumulated in the ceramic recovery box 52 (see FIG. 3) from scattering around the ceramic outlet in the lower part of the thermal decomposition apparatus is provided. For this reason, the rise of the dust of the ceramics at the time of ceramics collection is suppressed, and the working environment of the worker engaged in the ceramics collection work can be improved. Further, if ceramic suction means is used, the ceramic powder collected in the ceramic collection box 52 can be sucked and collected in a desired place.
  • air is introduced into the neutralization cleaning means on the gas pipe that communicates the means for oxidizing the gas components constituting the gas processing apparatus and the neutralization cleaning means, or above the neutralization cleaning means. Therefore, the dry distillation gas flowing inside the neutralizing and cleaning means is cooled. Thereby, the dissolution rate of the pyrolysis gas dissolved in the alkali neutralization detergent used in the neutralization washing means can be increased. Furthermore, the dry distillation gas can be diluted with the outside air introduced into the neutralization washing means through the air intake means. Thereby, the load of alkali neutralization washing in the neutralization washing means can be reduced, and the deodorized gas can be exhausted to the outside of the neutralization washing means.
  • the organic substance processing apparatus of this invention By effectively using the heat generated by the thermal decomposition in the energy, it is possible to eliminate energy waste and contribute to energy saving.
  • the heat generated by the thermal decomposition of organic waste as a heat source for supplying heat to the heat supply target, unlike the case where fuel is burned, carbon dioxide gas is not generated, giving consideration to the environment. Is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an organic matter processing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal decomposition apparatus constituting the organic matter processing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal decomposition apparatus and the like constituting the organic matter processing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the periphery of the air introduction pipe provided in the thermal decomposition apparatus.
  • Fig.5 (a) is a top view of the said air introduction pipe
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an organic matter processing apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the organic matter is treated by using industrial waste such as garbage as the raw material organic material, and ceramics are generated from the inorganic material contained in the raw material.
  • the raw material is not limited to industrial waste, and any material such as feces can be used.
  • the organic matter processing apparatus 100 includes a thermal decomposition apparatus 1, a catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 that oxidizes a thermal decomposition gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 using an oxidation catalyst, and a residual after treatment with the oxidation catalyst.
  • the raw material input from the raw material input port is thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and separated into carbide and gas components.
  • the carbide is further oxidized to produce ceramics.
  • the gas components separated by the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 are processed in the order of the oxidation catalyst apparatus 2, the neutralization washing apparatus 3, and the solid-liquid separation apparatus 4, and the solid components separated by the solid-liquid separation apparatus 4 are pyrolyzed. It is put into the apparatus 1 and reused in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus 1 includes a raw material inlet 11 at the top, a ceramic outlet 12 at the bottom, and a reaction gas (pyrolysis gas) collection opening 13.
  • the raw material inlet 11 and the ceramics outlet 12 are comprised so that the inside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 can be kept airtight by closing these.
  • the reaction gas collection opening 13 communicates with the catalytic oxidation device 2 through a duct 13a, and the pyrolysis gas generated in the thermal decomposition device 1 is introduced into the catalytic oxidation device 2 through the duct 13a.
  • a process for oxidizing the pyrolysis gas using an oxidation catalyst is performed.
  • thermal decomposition of the raw material starts in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • Suitable raw materials include, for example, paper, wood, vinyls (those made of vinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.), food residues, animal dung, human dung, and the like.
  • the pyrolysis gas generated by the combustion and pyrolysis becomes smoke and flows from the reaction gas collection opening 13 to the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 through the duct 13a.
  • the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 Since the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 is hermetically sealed, the inside is maintained in a reducing atmosphere, and even if the temperature in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 rises, the raw material does not ignite.
  • thermal decomposition is performed by using the amount of heat of the organic substance itself input as a raw material.
  • dry distillation gas and vapor generated by pyrolysis adhere to the inner wall of the apparatus as tar, carbonize after lamination, peel off, and fall onto the untreated layer 24.
  • the untreated layer 24 becomes a dry layer 25, and steam accompanying the drying is generated from the surface of the dry layer 25.
  • a dry distillation gas is generated from the dry layer 25, and components other than the carbon component and a small amount of inorganic components contained in the raw material are evaporated as gas.
  • the carbon component remaining in the dry layer 25 accumulates in the lower part of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 to form a carbonized layer 26.
  • this carbon component is also vaporized to evaporate, and finally, only the inorganic component contained in the raw material remains, and the ashed layer 27 is formed.
  • a small amount of oxygen is sent between the carbonized layer 26 and the ashing layer 27 (see the air introduction pipe 65 in FIG.
  • this inorganic component is combined with a small amount of oxygen to form an inorganic oxide, that is,
  • the ceramic 28 powder remains on the bottom of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • the ceramic 28 is taken out from the ceramic outlet 12 provided at the bottom or bottom of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and used in various applications.
  • a ceramics collection box 52 is installed immediately below the ceramics outlet 12 (see FIG. 3), and ceramic powder falling from the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 through the ceramics outlet 12 can be stored.
  • a ceramic collection pipe 53 (see FIG. 3) for collecting ceramics extends toward a desired location.
  • the ceramic recovery tube 53 is provided with a suction fan 54 for preventing the ceramic powder accumulated in the ceramic recovery box 52 from scattering.
  • the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis is introduced from the reaction gas collection opening 13 into the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 through the duct 13a.
  • the pyrolysis gas introduced into the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 passes through the catalyst case 15, where the hydrocarbon-based gas is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water.
  • the pyrolysis gas generated in the thermal decomposition step is reduced by about 90%, and the residual gas after the treatment by the catalytic oxidation becomes a gas containing elements such as chlorine, sulfur and nitrogen.
  • the oxidation catalyst metals such as Pt, Cr, Cu, and Mn, or metal oxides such as Al 2 O 3 can be used.
  • the alkali neutralization cleaning device 3 includes a dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17, a circulation box 18, and a chemical solution injection tank 19.
  • the reason why the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis apparatus 1 is sent to the alkali neutralization washing apparatus after passing through the catalyst oxidation apparatus 2 is to greatly reduce the pyrolysis gas by catalytic oxidation treatment before the alkali neutralization washing. This is because the efficiency of gas treatment is better when the load applied to the alkali neutralization washing apparatus 3 is reduced.
  • An alkali neutralized cleaning agent is introduced into the circulation box 18 from the chemical solution injection tank 19, and water is sprinkled from the shower-type sprinkler 16 provided in the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 through the circulation box 18.
  • the alkali neutralized detergent that has been sprinkled and subjected to the alkali cleaning step is accumulated at the bottom of the scrubber 17 and returned to the circulation box 18 again, and then sprinkled from the sprinkler 18 again. Circulate inside.
  • Preferred examples of the alkali neutralizing detergent include caustic soda.
  • a gas containing an element such as chlorine, sulfur, or nitrogen, that is, an acid gas is neutralized, and water, salt, or the like is generated.
  • the waste water used in the alkali neutralization cleaning process 3 is sent from the circulation box 18 to the solid-liquid separation device 4 and separated into solid and liquid.
  • the cleaning efficiency of the alkali neutralization cleaning device 3 can be increased.
  • the solid-liquid separator 4 includes a transpiration unit 20 and a distillation unit 21 arranged in a vacuum tank.
  • the wastewater sent from the neutralization cleaning device 3 is evaporated in the transpiration unit 20 to become a liquid containing gas and solids.
  • the gas is further sent to the distillation unit 21 and then cooled by passing through a cooling tower (not shown) to be distilled water, which is recycled to the circulation box 18 of the neutralization cleaning device 3 and reused.
  • the liquid containing the solid content is further separated into a liquid and a solid, and the solid is returned to the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and again thermally decomposed together with new raw materials.
  • the liquid is returned to the transpiration unit 20 of the solid-liquid separation device 4, and transpiration / distilled again together with the wastewater sent from the neutralization washing device 3 to separate the liquid.
  • transpiration / distilled again together with the wastewater sent from the neutralization washing device 3 to separate the liquid.
  • it returns to the alkali neutralization washing
  • a pressure adjusting unit 51 that protrudes horizontally is provided on the upper side of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • the pressure adjusting unit 51 is a tubular member, and is configured to open the inside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 to the atmosphere. Pyrolysis gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 is directed toward the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 by a fan 32 (see FIG. 1) installed in a duct 13b that communicates the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 and the alkali neutralization cleaning apparatus 3. Therefore, the inside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 becomes a negative pressure.
  • the pressure inside the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 is normally kept at a negative pressure that is almost close to atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure adjusting unit 51 is useful as a safety valve when the internal pressure of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 is increased, and even when the raw material is ignited due to an increase in the temperature in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1, the pyrolysis gas is used. Can be prevented from exploding due to rapid thermal expansion of the pyrolysis gas.
  • inorganic oxides ceramics
  • external air is passed through the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • a plurality of air inlets 66 for feeding into the interior are formed at substantially equal intervals.
  • An air introduction pipe 65 communicating with the outside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 is connected to the air introduction port 66, and the fan 34 is installed in the air introduction pipe 65. With such a configuration, by operating the fan 34, it is possible to send external air into the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 through the air inlet 66.
  • the air introduced into the air introduction pipe 65 by the operation of the fan 34 enters the lower part in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 through the plurality of air introduction ports 66 and flows upward, and the ceramic layer 28, the ashing layer 27, and the carbonized layer. 26, the dried layer 25 and the untreated layer 24 are passed through these layers in this order.
  • air introduced from the outside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 via the air introduction ports 66 passes uniformly over the entire surface of these layers, so that there is no bias in the place where ceramics are generated. Homogeneous ceramics are uniformly produced, and as a result, the purity of the produced ceramics can be increased.
  • a decomposition gas passage pipe 61 for allowing the pyrolysis gas to pass through the material layer accumulated in the pyrolysis device 1 is provided in the lower part of the pyrolysis device 1 and below the material layer (ceramic layer 28). Is provided.
  • the cracked gas passage pipe 61 is arranged in a lattice shape in a plan view at the lower part in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • a plurality of substantially circular cracked gas outlets 62 for injecting the air flowing through the cracked gas passage pipe 61 onto the inorganic substance are formed at a side portion or a lower portion of the cracked gas passage pipe 61.
  • the cracked gas passage pipe 61 is provided with a circular cracked gas passage pipe 61 in which four pipes having an outer diameter of about 50 mm are arranged in the horizontal direction on the paper surface, six in the vertical direction, and approximately 200 mm, and two in the horizontal direction.
  • a set of cracked gas introduction pipes composed of the cracked gas passage pipe 61 having a rectangular cross section is configured to be installed in the thermal cracking apparatus 1 on the left and right sides.
  • the cracked gas outlet 62 has a diameter of about 2 mm, and a total of about 120 pieces are provided at intervals of about 250 mm.
  • the dimensions and number of the cracked gas passage pipe 61 and the cracked gas outlet 62 are not necessarily limited to these dimensions.
  • the cracked gas passage pipe 61 is preferably made of, for example, stainless steel or carbon steel for piping. Further, the cracked gas passage pipe 61 is not limited to the lattice shape formed vertically and horizontally as described above, and may be formed only in the horizontal direction or formed only in the vertical direction.
  • a plurality of cracked gas introduction pipes 68 and 68 are installed outside the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • Each cracked gas introduction pipe 68 communicates with each of the cracked gas passage pipes 61 installed on the left and right in the pyrolyzer 1 and through the wall of the pyrolyzer 1 composed of heat-resistant bricks or the like.
  • the cracked gas introduction pipes 68 passing through the walls of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 are indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 4).
  • Such a configuration allows the pyrolysis gas to flow through the cracking gas passage pipe 61 as described below.
  • the operation of the fan 33 causes the pyrolysis gas having a lower temperature than that of the ceramic layers 24 to 28 accumulated in the upper portion of the pyrolysis apparatus 1 to pass through the opening 67 and enter the cracked gas introduction pipe 63.
  • the pyrolysis gas flows in the cracking gas introduction pipe 63 and is introduced into the cracking gas passage pipe 61 via the cracking gas introduction pipes 68 and 68.
  • the pyrolysis gas flowing through the cracked gas passage pipe 61 is blown out from the cracked gas outlet 62 and flows upward.
  • the pyrolysis gas passes through the ceramic layer 28, the ashing layer 27, the carbonized layer 26, the dry layer 25 and the untreated layer 24 in order from the bottom (these layers 24 to 28 are shown in FIG. 3). Not shown).
  • the pyrolysis gas that has passed through these layers is again introduced into the cracking gas introduction pipe 63 through the opening 67, or is introduced into the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 through the duct 13a.
  • the hydrocarbon-based gas contained in the pyrolysis gas is filtered in the process in which the pyrolysis gas passes through the layers as described above.
  • a relatively clean pyrolysis gas having a small hydrocarbon component can be introduced into the catalytic oxidation device 2 through the duct 13a, and the load on the catalytic oxidation device 2 and the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 can be reduced. it can.
  • the temperature of the pyrolysis gas by allowing the pyrolysis gas to pass through the ceramic layer 28 etc. where pyrolysis and oxygen bonding to inorganic substances are performed at a temperature of about 500 ° C. to about 680 ° C. It is.
  • the function of the catalyst in the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 can be enhanced, and further the life of the catalyst can be increased.
  • This is particularly useful for the present processing apparatus configured to introduce the catalytic cracking apparatus 2 to perform the oxidation treatment, instead of subjecting the pyrolysis gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 to combustion treatment.
  • a part of the pyrolysis gas as the oxidizing gas after being processed in the catalytic oxidation step in the catalytic oxidation device 2 passes through the oxidizing gas introduction pipe 64 to the respective decomposition gas introduction pipes 68 and 68. To be introduced.
  • the pyrolysis gas thus introduced is blown out from the cracking gas outlet 62 and flows upward in the pyrolysis apparatus 1 in the same manner as the pyrolysis gas introduced through the cracking gas introduction pipe 63. .
  • the pyrolysis gas as the oxidation residual gas after being processed by the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 is similarly composed of these layers in the order of the ceramic layer 28, the ashing layer 27, the carbonized layer 26, the dry layer 25, and the untreated layer 24. Pass through.
  • the pyrolysis gas that has passed through these layers is introduced into the cracking gas introduction pipe 63 through the opening 67 or introduced into the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 through the duct 13a.
  • the effect obtained by introducing a part of the pyrolysis gas into the oxidizing gas introduction pipe 64 is that the high-temperature pyrolysis gas treated by the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 is sent to the pyrolysis apparatus 1 side to cause the pyrolysis apparatus 1. It is possible to increase the temperature inside and promote the thermal decomposition performed in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • a dust suction device is provided around the ceramic outlet 12 provided at the bottom or bottom of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
  • the dust suction device is preferably a suction fan 54 provided on a ceramic recovery pipe 53 extending from the ceramic recovery box 52, as shown in FIG.
  • the duct 13b communicates the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 and the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 of the alkali neutralization cleaning apparatus 3, and is located at the upper part on the downstream side of the oxidizing gas introduction pipe 64.
  • a protruding air intake 55 is provided.
  • the air intake portion 55 is formed of a tubular member, and since the inside of the duct 13b is open to the outside, external air can be introduced into the duct 13b. In addition, you may provide the air intake part 55 in the upper part of the dry distillation gas washing scrubber 17 instead of providing in the duct 13b.
  • the following two effects can be obtained. That is, by introducing outside air into the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 through the air intake 55, the dry distillation gas inside the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 is cooled. Thereby, the dissolution rate of the dry distillation gas which melt
  • the load of alkali neutralization cleaning in the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 is reduced, and the deodorized gas is exhausted from the exhaust unit 56 provided on the upper side of the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17 to the outside of the dry distillation gas cleaning scrubber 17. can do.
  • the organic matter processing apparatus 100 of this embodiment includes a heat supply system 70 that can supply heat generated by the organic matter processing apparatus 100 to an external heat supply target 200. Since the configurations of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 of the above-mentioned Example 1, here, the description will focus on parts that are different from the Example 1. .
  • the heat supply system 70 includes a plurality of pipelines composed of pipelines 71-78.
  • the cold water introduction pipe line 71 introduces cold water as a heat medium supplied from a cold water supply source (not shown).
  • the cold water may be circulating water returned after being supplied to the heat supply target 200 in addition to tap water and stored water.
  • a cracking apparatus side supply pipe 72 for supplying cold water to the pyrolysis apparatus 1 side branches to one side and extends to the pyrolysis apparatus 1, while the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2
  • An oxidizer side supply pipe 75 for supplying cooling water to the first side branches to the other side and extends to the catalyst oxidizer 2 side.
  • the decomposition apparatus side heat exchange line 73 extending from the decomposition apparatus side supply line 72 is spirally wound on the outside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 from the lower part to the upper part of the apparatus 1.
  • the heat exchange pipeline 73 is installed so as to exchange heat between the pyrolysis gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and cold water flowing in the heat exchange pipeline 73.
  • a decomposition apparatus side return pipe line 74 extends from the decomposition apparatus side heat exchange line 73.
  • an oxidizer side heat exchange line 76 extends from the oxidizer side supply pipe 75, and this heat exchange line 76 spirals from the lower side of the apparatus 2 toward the upper side of the catalytic oxidizer 2. It is wound around.
  • the heat exchange line 76 is installed so as to exchange heat between the pyrolysis gas introduced into the oxidizer 2 and the cold water flowing in the heat exchange line 76.
  • An oxidizer-side return conduit 77 extends from the decomposition device-side cooling conduit 73. Further, the return pipeline 74 and the return pipeline 77 merge as a single pipeline 78.
  • This pipe line 78 extends to the heat supply target 200, and forms a heat supply pipe line 78 for supplying heat to the heat supply target 200.
  • the material of the pipe lines 71 to 78 is a metal that can withstand the temperature of the heat medium (fluid) flowing through the pipe lines 71 to 78, and in particular, the heat exchange is performed on the decomposition device side where heat exchange is performed.
  • the pipe 73 and the oxidizer side heat exchange pipe 76 are preferably composed of copper pipes having high thermal conductivity among metals because of the necessity of efficiently transferring heat from the equipment side to the pipe side.
  • the heat exchange pipes are installed in both the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2, so that the heat component gas of both the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 is reduced.
  • the configuration of the heat supply system is not limited to this. That is, by providing a heat exchange line only in one of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2, the heat of the pyrolysis gas inside the apparatus provided with the heat exchange line is used to generate heat. It is also possible to supply heat to the supply target 200.
  • the heat exchange pipes 73 and 76 are wound around the outside of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2, respectively, but the pipes 73 and 76 are not limited to such a configuration. These may be installed inside the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2, respectively. In such a case, since the pipeline is directly exposed to the pyrolysis gas, use a pipeline with higher heat resistance and better corrosion resistance than when installing a pipeline outside the device. It is necessary to do.
  • heat is supplied to the heat supply target 200 as follows using the pipes arranged in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 as described above.
  • cold water such as tap water is introduced into the cold water introduction pipe 71 from the outside of the organic matter decomposition apparatus 100.
  • the introduced cold water flows into the decomposition apparatus side supply line 72 and the oxidizer side supply line 75 through branch lines.
  • the cold water which flows through the decomposition device side supply pipeline 72 flows into the decomposition device side heat exchange pipeline 73.
  • heat exchange is performed between the cold water and the pyrolysis gas in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1, and the temperature of the cold water rises (becomes hot water).
  • the water (hot water) in the decomposition apparatus side heat exchange pipe 73 that has risen in temperature after heat exchange flows through the decomposition apparatus side return pipe 74.
  • the cold water flowing through the oxidizer side supply pipeline 75 flows into the oxidizer side heat exchange pipeline 76.
  • the oxidizer side heat exchange pipeline 76 heat exchange is performed between the cold water and the pyrolysis gas introduced into the catalytic oxidizer 2, and the temperature of the cold water rises (becomes hot water).
  • the hot water in the oxidizer side heat exchange pipe 76 that has finished the heat exchange flows through the oxidizer side return pipe 77.
  • the hot water flowing through the return pipes 74 and 77 join together and flow through the heat supply pipe 78 and is supplied to the heat supply target 200 connected to the heat supply pipe 78.
  • the heat of the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis apparatus 1 and the heat of the pyrolysis gas introduced into the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 can be supplied to the heat supply target 200.
  • the heat supply target 200 includes, for example, a steam turbine (power generation), a hot water pool, a greenhouse, a snow melting device, etc., but is introduced into the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis device 1 and the catalytic oxidation device 2. As long as the heat of the pyrolysis gas can be used, the heat supply target 200 is not limited to these.
  • the heat medium for supplying heat to the heat supply target 200 has been described as hot water, but the heat medium is not limited to hot water, and may be steam or hot air.
  • the heat supply system 70 is appropriately provided with a feed water pump to pressurize the heat medium, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 and the catalytic oxidation apparatus 2 is adjusted to increase the temperature in the heat exchange lines 73 and 76. It is possible to generate the steam and supply the generated steam to the heat supply target 200. Furthermore, if the blower fan is installed in the pipes 74, 77, 78 after adjusting the humidity of the steam in the return pipes 74, 77 and the heat supply pipe 78 and drying it, the dry hot air is supplied with heat.
  • the hot water can be supplied to a hot water pool, a greenhouse, heating, a snow melting device, and the like.
  • warm air can be supplied to a greenhouse, heating, a snow melting device, and the like, and steam can be supplied to a steam turbine (power generation).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un appareil (100) permettant de traiter des substances organiques comprenant un pyrolyseur (1) dans lequel une charge de départ organique est pyrolysée, et comprenant en outre un dispositif catalyseur d’oxydation (2) et un dispositif de nettoyage/de neutralisation (3) dans chacun desquels un gaz de pyrolyse généré par la pyrolyse est traité. Le pyrolyseur (1) comprend une couche céramique (28) à l’intérieur du pyrolyseur (1) et un tuyau de passage de gaz de décomposition (61) qui est disposé sous la couche céramique (28) et qui permet à un gaz de pyrolyse généré par la pyrolyse dans le pyrolyseur (1) de traverser toute la couche de matériau résidant dans le pyrolyseur (1). Le tuyau de passage de gaz de décomposition (61) comprend, formées dans des côtés latéraux ou dans le côté inférieur de celui-ci, des ouvertures d'expulsion de gaz de décomposition (62) permettant d’expulser le gaz de pyrolyse introduit au moyen d'un tuyau d'introduction de gaz de décomposition (68) en direction de la couche céramique (28). Le pyrolyseur (1) comprend, formée dans une partie supérieure de celui-ci, une partie de régulation de pression (51) qui est ouverte à l'air et sert à réguler la pression du gaz de pyrolyse présent dans le pyrolyseur (1).
PCT/JP2009/002707 2008-06-13 2009-06-15 Pyrolyseur et appareil de traitement de substances organiques équipé du pyrolyseur WO2009150857A1 (fr)

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JP2008-155259 2008-06-13
JP2008155259 2008-06-13
JP2009-112818 2009-05-07
JP2009112818A JP2010017702A (ja) 2008-06-13 2009-05-07 熱分解装置及びこれを具えた有機物処理装置

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CN115069058A (zh) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-20 广西绿健环保科技有限公司 一种热解炉催化系统

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CN101890278B (zh) * 2010-07-01 2015-07-15 陈有添 一种环保型废气净化的方法
CN105126590A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-09 贺成功 艾烟处理系统

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JP2005112956A (ja) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-28 Nippon Steel Corp バイオマスのガス化方法
JP2006225483A (ja) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-31 Nippon Steel Corp バイオマスの炭化方法
WO2008081598A1 (fr) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-10 N.M.G Environmental Development Co., Ltd. Procédé d'élimination des déchets organiques et son appareil
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CN111810959A (zh) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-23 浙江双屿实业有限公司 一种有机固废处理能量转换装置
CN115069058A (zh) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-20 广西绿健环保科技有限公司 一种热解炉催化系统

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