WO2009123115A1 - 還元鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
還元鉄の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009123115A1 WO2009123115A1 PCT/JP2009/056499 JP2009056499W WO2009123115A1 WO 2009123115 A1 WO2009123115 A1 WO 2009123115A1 JP 2009056499 W JP2009056499 W JP 2009056499W WO 2009123115 A1 WO2009123115 A1 WO 2009123115A1
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- iron
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- cao
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0046—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing reduced iron that uses a molded body obtained by mixing an iron oxide powder raw material and a reducing material such as coal and efficiently produces high operability and productivity without dissolving the reduced iron.
- This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-093344 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-306789, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a molded body is heated to a high temperature in a reduction furnace and the produced metallic iron is aggregated into particles while being separated from slag. Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reducing the sulfur content concentration in metallic iron by controlling the basicity of the slag component within a predetermined range.
- Patent Document 2 a method of adding a reforming material containing SiO 2 to a molded body in order to reduce the amount of deposits and deposits on the upper surface of the hearth when reducing the molded body in a reduction furnace. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a high-strength cured pellet by forming a silicate or hydrosilicate bond during hydrothermal curing in order to enable use in the kiln, and a kiln. And a method for producing metallized pellets from the cured pellets produced by use. JP 2004-285399 A JP 2006-283136 A JP 55-122832 A
- Patent Document 1 in which metallic iron is separated into metallic iron and slag components by carburizing and dissolving, it is necessary to heat the reduction furnace to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of metallic iron that changes according to the amount of carburizing. There is. Under such high temperatures, there remain problems such as significant wear of the refractory in the furnace, high energy intensity required for heating, and further low productivity. Moreover, in order to make metallic iron into a molten state, the subject that sulfur derived from a carbonaceous material contains in this metallic iron also generate
- the reduction potential CO / (CO + CO 2 ) in the reduction furnace must be kept high, and the carbon material to be charged in the reduction furnace is reduced and carburized. It is necessary to add more than the amount required for dissolution.
- Such excessive charging of the carbonaceous material significantly lowers the melting point of the metallic iron, so that the possibility of mutual melting of the granular metallic iron is increased and the metallic iron may flow through the hearth. In that case, the yield of the granular metallic iron is lowered and the operability is remarkably lowered. If it can manufacture without melt
- Patent Document 3 for producing metallized pellets using a kiln requires a high-strength molded body to prevent pulverization. It becomes. However, it is not easy to obtain such an ideal strength for all the molded articles, and it is not realistic to completely avoid variations in strength. Therefore, it is inevitable that some material is pulverized before being reduced, and as a result of such pulverization, slag components are likely to be deposited in the furnace. Such deposits can grow along the inner wall of the furnace as deposits called so-called kiln rings and hinder the discharge of metallized pellets. In that case, the productivity of metallized pellets is significantly reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a molded body obtained by mixing an iron oxide-based main raw material and a carbonaceous reducing material is heated in a reduction furnace, and from metallic iron and a slag component. Providing a method for efficiently producing reduced iron containing a higher concentration of metallic iron with high operability and productivity without impairing the reducibility of iron oxide, which is the main raw material. Objective.
- the present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems and achieve the object.
- the molded body After drying a molded body obtained by molding a raw material mainly composed of iron oxide to which a carbonaceous reducing material required for reduction is added, the molded body is charged into a reduction furnace and reduced to reduce the amount of metallic iron and A method for producing reduced iron containing a mixture of slag components, wherein when forming the molded body, the raw material is an oxide-based reforming material containing CaO as a main component or an oxide containing MgO as a main component.
- At least one of the system reforming materials is added; the total content of CaO, SiO 2 , MgO and Al 2 O 3 in the molded body is the total mass of the molded body excluding the carbonaceous reducing material
- the slag basicity calculated using the mass% of the slag component in the molded body: (CaO% + MgO%) / SiO 2 % is 0.9 to The range is 3.0.
- the CaO content, the SiO 2 content, the MgO content, and the Al 2 O 3 content in the molded product when the molded product is molded may be in the range of 5 to 19% by mass with respect to the total content.
- the particle diameter of the oxide-based reforming material containing CaO as a main component which is added to the raw material when the molded body is molded.
- the particle diameter of the oxide-based reforming material mainly composed of MgO may be 2 mm or less with an 80% particle diameter under the sieve.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between (CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 in the slag component and the metallization rate.
- FIG. 2 is an optical micrograph of a cross section of reduced iron obtained when the slag basicity is controlled so as to satisfy the conditions of the method for producing reduced iron of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an optical micrograph of a cross section of reduced iron obtained when the slag basicity is controlled so as not to satisfy the conditions of the method for producing reduced iron of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a detailed electron micrograph of a portion of the reduced iron cross section shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the 80% particle diameter of the MgO sieve and the metallization rate of reduced iron.
- the present invention is a technology constructed based on the results of various studies focusing on the effect of the contained slag component on the reducibility of iron oxide as the main raw material.
- This technology is the main raw material for producing reduced iron composed of metallic iron and slag components by heating a molded body in which iron oxide main raw material and carbonaceous reducing material are mixed in a reduction furnace.
- the iron oxide that is the main raw material of the molded body charged in the reduction furnace to produce the reduced iron of the present invention is dusts (for example, converter dust, electric furnace dust, melting furnace dust, blast furnace dust, etc.), or It is a fine ore that lowers air permeability in the sintering process or blast furnace and inhibits productivity.
- the former dusts are generated in the melting, reducing, and refining processes, and contain oxides such as CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and MgO, which are main components of the refining slag.
- the latter fine ores mainly contain oxides such as SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 as gangue components.
- iron oxides are desired to be used as iron raw materials from the viewpoint of resource recycling.
- a method of producing reduced iron by mixing a predetermined amount of a carbon-based reducing material such as coal into a molded body such as a pellet or briquette and holding it in a heating furnace for a certain period of time is widely known. .
- a binder for maintaining strength is added.
- a typical binder of this type is a starchy powder such as corn starch.
- the present invention has been applied to the reduction of iron oxide in a molded body in which a carbonaceous reducing material is incorporated with reference to the above knowledge.
- An example of the process is a method for producing reduced iron using a rotary hearth in which a molded body is charged on a rotating floor of a heating furnace arranged in a donut shape and discharged after heating for a certain time.
- a rotary hearth in which a molded body is charged on a rotating floor of a heating furnace arranged in a donut shape and discharged after heating for a certain time.
- the present inventors have considered the reduction of iron oxide in a molded body composed of an iron oxide raw material such as dust and a carbonaceous reducing material from a thermodynamic viewpoint, and as a result of earnest experiments, the results of the iron oxide in the molded body It has been found that the reducibility has a correlation with the activity of FeO in the molten slag produced by heating the molded body.
- the activity of FeO in the molten slag is determined by the concentration of FeO present and the interaction of other components. For example, when SiO 2 or the like is present, FeO becomes more stable and the reducibility is reduced. descend. On the other hand, when a basic component such as CaO or MgO is present, FeO becomes more active and reducibility is improved.
- the inventors focused on the amount of slag and the slag composition, and as a result of intensive research, the method for increasing the reducibility of iron oxide in the molded body I found. Note that this concept can be commonly applied regardless of the process, when the purpose is to reduce substances composed of iron oxide and slag components such as iron ore and dust.
- FIG.2 and FIG.3 The optical micrograph of the typical cross section of the obtained reduced iron is shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3.
- the white portions in FIGS. 2 and 3 are metallic iron, and the gray portion is slag.
- the metallization rate of reduced iron was 95%.
- This reduced iron structure is composed of metallic iron produced in a network and slag present in the gaps.
- the metallization rate of reduced iron was 78%.
- the structure of this reduced iron is composed of granular metallic iron and a slag phase remaining in the surrounding area.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of observing this section in detail with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of observing this section in detail with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of observing this section in detail with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of observing this section in detail with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of observing this section in detail with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of observing this section in detail with
- the conditions under which molten iron can be produced without impairing dissolution efficiency are such that the metallization rate of reduced iron is 85% or more, that is, (CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 is in the range of 0.9 to 3.0.
- the total mass of CaO, SiO 2 , MgO, and Al 2 O 3 that are slag main components is controlled in the range of 8 to 20% by mass% with respect to the total mass of the molded body excluding the carbonaceous reducing material. If the amount of slag is less than 7%, the amount of slag that melts by reaction with FeO is small, so the effect is low. Moreover, when the amount of slag exceeds 20%, the amount of iron in the reduced iron becomes low, and in the process of manufacturing molten iron by dissolving the reduced iron thereafter, excess energy consumed for slag dissolution is required.
- Al 2 O 3 which is one of the slag components is known to easily form spinel (MgO ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ), which is a hard mineral phase having a high melting point, with an MgO-containing oxide. Since spinel formation reduces MgO in the slag and raises the melting point of the slag, the amount of molten slag decreases and the reduction efficiency of FeO decreases. Therefore, Al 2 O 3 is a content, CaO, SiO 2, MgO, the total of each content of Al 2 O 3, it is desirable to control within a range of 5-19% by weight.
- the control of the slag composition is, for example, when the raw material is molded into a molded body such as briquette or pellet, quick calcined lime as a CaO source, light burned magnesite or dolomite as a MgO source, iron oxide raw material and carbonaceous reducing material It is desirable to obtain a higher effect by blending and mixing a predetermined amount with a binder as necessary, and dispersing the mixture uniformly in the molded body.
- the amount of CaO and MgO to be added is determined based on the results of chemical analysis prior to molding of iron oxide-based main materials such as iron ore and dust, which are the main raw materials of molded products, and carbonaceous reducing materials. To do.
- these additives are preferably finer in particle diameter, and a higher effect can be obtained by adding them in powder form than in bulk form.
- the 80% particle size under the sieve is desirably 2 mm or less. More desirably, it is 1.5 mm or less.
- the 80% particle diameter under the sieve means the particle diameter when the powder that has passed through the sieve becomes 80% of the total mass when sieving is performed.
- a predetermined amount of converter dust, coal, and MgO having different particle diameters were blended and kneaded, and formed into a tablet having a size of 30 mm ⁇ ⁇ 17 mm. The tablet was held in a furnace controlled to 1250 ° C.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the 80% particle diameter of the MgO sieve and the metallization rate of reduced iron when (CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 is controlled within the range of 1.56 to 1.58. As shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen that when the 80% particle diameter of the MgO sieve is 2 mm or less, the metallization rate of the reduced iron is increased.
- a method for setting the 80% particle diameter under sieve to 2 mm or less for example, light-burned magnesite having a coarse particle diameter of 2 mm or more is generally pulverized by a rod mill or a ball mill.
- the method for pulverizing these additives in the present invention is not limited to this method.
- the operating temperature of the reduction furnace is preferably controlled to the melting temperature of carburized metallic iron, for example, 1400 ° C. or less, which is required for separation into metallic iron produced by reduction and molten slag.
- the reduction temperature is more preferably 1385 ° C. or less, and most preferably 1350 ° C. or less.
- the conditions of the present example are one example of conditions used for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is limited to this one example of conditions. It is not limited to.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- quick lime CaO
- MgO light calcined magnesite
- Table 1 shows the chemical analysis values of the slag composition in the charged briquettes and the metallization rate of the obtained reduced iron. As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that reduced iron having a high metallization rate of 85% or more is obtained under the conditions of this example. On the other hand, in the comparative example not satisfying the conditions of the present invention, the reducibility of the iron oxide was lowered, and thus the metallization rate of the obtained reduced iron was an unsatisfactory result of less than 85%.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、特願2008-093344号と、特願2008-306789号とを基礎出願とし、これらの内容をここに取り込む。
また、金属鉄を溶融状態とするため、この金属鉄中に炭材由来の硫黄が含有される課題も発生する。この金属鉄中の硫黄含有濃度を低減させるためには、還元炉内の還元ポテンシャルCO/(CO+CO2)を高く保たなければならず、還元炉内に装入すべき炭材を還元・浸炭溶解に必要とされる量以上に加える必要が生じる。このような炭材の過剰な装入は、金属鉄の融点を著しく低下させるため、粒状金属鉄の相互溶解の可能性を高め、金属鉄が炉床を流動する虞がある。その場合、粒状金属鉄の歩留りが低下するとともに、操業性が著しく低下する。
金属鉄を溶解することなく製造することができれば、金属鉄中に炭材由来の硫黄が溶解することを防ぐことができる。そのため、還元炉の還元ポテンシャルを高く保つ必要がなく、原料である炭材のコストを節約することができる。同時に、粒状金属鉄の相互溶解に伴う金属鉄の炉床における流動を防ぐことができ、操業性を損なう虞がない。しかしながら、上記特許文献1に記載の方法では、これを達成し得ないのが現状である。
先述した通り、FeOの還元を効率的に起こす条件として還元実験を行い、その結果に基づき、スラグ塩基度(CaO+MgO)/SiO2がFeOの還元に影響することを見出した。転炉ダストと石炭および粒子径が2mm以下のCaO粉末とMgO粉末とを所定量配合及び混練した後、30mmφ×17mmのサイズのタブレットに成型し、1250℃のN2雰囲気に制御した炉内で15分間保持した後、これを取り出して化学分析に供した。なお、この場合のCaO、SiO2、MgO、Al2O3の質量合計は、炭素質還元材を除いた成型体全質量に対する質量%で、8~20%の範囲内であった。
各種スラグ成分を含む各種ダストを配合した原料に対し、各ダスト中の酸化鉄に含有される酸素と石炭に含有される炭素とがモル濃度で等量となるように石炭を配合し(mol%O/mol%C=1)、篩下80%粒子径を120μmとした。さらに、生石灰(CaO)あるいは軽焼マグネサイト(MgO)の添加量および粒子径を変えて混合し、異なるスラグ量および組成のブリケットに成型した。これらのブリケットを乾燥した後、直径20mの回転炉床に装入して操業を行った。炉内の温度はLNGバーナーで1000~1350℃に制御され、これらのブリケットの炉内滞在時間は15分であった。装入したブリケット中のスラグ組成の化学分析値と得られた還元鉄の金属化率とを表1に示す。表1に示すように、本実施例の条件では、85%以上の高い金属化率を有する還元鉄が得られていることが解る。
一方、本発明の条件を満たさない比較例では、酸化鉄の被還元性が低下するため、得られた還元鉄の金属化率は、85%未満と満足できない結果であった。
Claims (3)
- 還元に要する炭素質還元材が添加された酸化鉄を主成分とする原料を成型した成型体を乾燥した後、この成形体を還元炉に装入して還元することにより金属鉄分及びスラグ成分の混合物を含む還元鉄を製造する方法であって、
前記成型体の成型に際して、前記原料に、CaOを主成分とする酸化物系改質材、又は、MgOを主成分とする酸化物系改質材の少なくとも何れか一方を添加し;
前記成型体中のCaO、SiO2、MgO及びAl2O3の含有量の合計を、前記炭素質還元材を除いた前記成型体の全質量に対して、8~20質量%の範囲とし;
前記成型体中の前記スラグ成分の質量%を用いて算出されるスラグ塩基度:(CaO%+MgO%)/SiO2%を、0.9~3.0の範囲とする;
ことを特徴とする還元鉄の製造方法。 - 前記成型体の成型に際し、前記成型体中における、CaOの含有量とSiO2の含有量とMgOの含有量とAl2O3の含有量との合計に対し、Al2O3の含有量を5~19質量%の範囲とすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
- 前記成型体の成型に際し、前記原料に添加する、CaOを主成分とする酸化物系改質材の粒子径、又は、MgOを主成分とする酸化物系改質材の粒子径を、篩下80%粒子径で2mm以下とすることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
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BRPI0909727A BRPI0909727A2 (pt) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-30 | método de produção de ferro reduzido |
CN200980111433.1A CN101981209B (zh) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-30 | 还原铁的制造方法 |
JP2010505900A JP4603626B2 (ja) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-30 | 還元鉄の製造方法 |
KR1020107021414A KR101177205B1 (ko) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-30 | 환원철의 제조 방법 |
AU2009232786A AU2009232786B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-30 | Producing Method of Reduced Iron |
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JP2008-093344 | 2008-03-31 | ||
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Cited By (5)
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WO2011118738A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 炭材内装酸化鉄塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
JP2011202227A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 炭材内装塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
JP2011219856A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-11-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 炭材内装塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
JP2012207241A (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | 還元鉄の製造方法 |
WO2016039247A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 粒状金属鉄の製造方法 |
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KR101704351B1 (ko) | 2016-07-06 | 2017-02-08 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 전해채취법을 이용한 환원철 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 환원철 |
CN106702068B (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-08 | 唐竹胜 | 一种宽端面直接还原铁的车转炉装置 |
AT521739A3 (de) * | 2018-09-24 | 2021-06-15 | Anrin Bhattacharyya | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Recycling von Stahlwerksabfällen aus der Stahlproduktion |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011118738A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 炭材内装酸化鉄塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
JP2011202227A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 炭材内装塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
JP2011219856A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-11-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 炭材内装塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
CN102803523A (zh) * | 2010-03-25 | 2012-11-28 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | 含碳氧化铁团块及其制造方法以及使用了它的还原铁制造方法 |
JP2012207241A (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | 還元鉄の製造方法 |
WO2016039247A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 粒状金属鉄の製造方法 |
JP2016056416A (ja) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 粒状金属鉄の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0909727A2 (pt) | 2017-10-10 |
TWI396749B (zh) | 2013-05-21 |
CN101981209A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
AU2009232786B2 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
TW200948980A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
KR20100116692A (ko) | 2010-11-01 |
KR101177205B1 (ko) | 2012-08-24 |
JPWO2009123115A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
CN101981209B (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
AU2009232786A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
JP4603626B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
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