Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
  • H02S30/10—Frame structures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2120/00—Compositions for reaction injection moulding processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a photovoltaic solar module, a method for its production and a device for generating electrical energy, which makes use of such a solar module.
• Solar modules are components for direct generation of electricity from sunlight. Key factors for a cost-effective generation of solar power are the efficiency of the solar cells used, as well as the cost and durability of the solar modules.
• a solar module usually consists of a framed composite of glass, interconnected solar cells, an embedding material and a backside construction.
• the individual layers of the solar module have to fulfill the following functions.
• the front glass protects against mechanical and weather influences. It must have the highest transparency in order to minimize absorption losses in the optical spectral range of 300 nm to 1150 nm and thus efficiency losses of the silicon solar cells usually used for power generation. Normally, hardened, low-iron white glass (3 or 4 mm thick) is used whose transmittance in the above spectral range is 90 to 92%.
• the embedding material usually EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) films used) is used for bonding the entire module network. EVA melts during a lamination process at about 150 0 C, flows into the interstices of the soldered solar cells and is thermally crosslinked. A formation of air bubbles, which lead to reflection losses, is avoided by a lamination under vacuum.
• the back of the module protects the solar cells and the embedding material from moisture and oxygen. In addition, it serves as a mechanical protection against scratching, etc. when mounting the solar modules and as electrical insulation.
• another glass or a composite foil can be used.
• PVF polyvinyl fluoride
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PVF aluminum PVF are used.
• the encapsulating materials used in solar module construction must in particular have good barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen. Water vapor or oxygen does not attack the solar cells themselves, but causes corrosion of the metal contacts and chemical degradation of the EVA embedding material. A destroyed solar cell contact leads to a complete failure of the module, since normally all solar cells in a module are electrically connected in series. Degradation of the EVA is indicated by yellowing of the module, associated with a corresponding reduction in power through light absorption and visual deterioration.
• Today, about 80% of all modules are encapsulated with one of the described composite foils on the back, and about 15% of the solar modules use front and back glass. In this case come as an embedding material instead of EVA partially highly transparent, but only slowly (several hours) curing casting resins used.
• solar modules In order to achieve competitive electricity generation costs of solar power despite the relatively high investment costs, solar modules must achieve long operating times. Today's solar modules are therefore designed for a service life of 20 to 30 years. In addition to high weathering stability, high demands are placed on the temperature capacity of the modules, whose temperature during operation can vary cyclically between 80 ° C. under full solar irradiation and temperatures below the freezing point. Accordingly, solar modules undergo extensive stability tests (standard tests to IEC 61215 and IEC 61730), which include weather tests (UV radiation, damp heat, temperature changes), as well as hailstroke and electrical insulation tests.
• said aluminum frames In order to prevent the ingress of water and oxygen, said aluminum frames have an additional seal on their inner side facing the solar module.
• said aluminum frames are made of rectangular profiles and is therefore severely limited in terms of their shape.
• US 4,830,038 and US 5,008,062 describe the attachment of a plastic frame to the relevant solar module, which is obtained by the RIM method (Reaction Injection Molding).
• the polymeric material used is an elastomeric polyurethane.
• the said polyurethane should preferably have an E modulus in a range of 200 to 10,000 psi (corresponding to about 1.4 to 69.0 N / mm 2 ).
• reinforcing members of, for example, a polymeric material, steel, or aluminum may be incorporated into the frame when formed.
• fillers can be incorporated into the frame material. These may be, for example, platelet-type fillers such as the mineral wollastonite or needle-like / fibrous fillers such as glass fibers.
• DE 37 37 183 Al also describes a method for producing the plastic frame of a solar module, wherein the Shore hardness of the material used is preferably adjusted so that a sufficient rigidity of the frame and an elastic receptacle of the solar generator is ensured.
• Solar modules that are inserted into roof structures must comply with the requirements of DIN 4102-7 in accordance with the building code. In particular, they must demonstrate the resistance to flying fire and radiant heat.
• the solar module should have sufficient composite long term stability to prevent delamination and / or moisture ingress. Furthermore, it is an object to design the solar module so that it can be handled easily. It must have sufficient rigidity for this, but in turn must not have too small elongation at break, so that it is not directly destroyed at a low impact stress (for example, by Kantenabplatzer when mounting on a construction site). Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to design the solar module so that it has sufficient flame protection.
• anisotropic fillers for example fibers
• anisotropic fillers are aligned parallel to the module edges in accordance with the direction of flow. Transverse to the fiber direction (and to the edges), the coefficient of expansion is greater and the modulus of elasticity is smaller, but this is without relevance in the context of the present invention.
• such a frame Due to its sufficiently high modulus of elasticity, such a frame has a sufficiently high stability or rigidity. It is therefore preferred if the frame has an E-modulus of at least 40, particularly preferably of at least 60 N / mm 2 , very particularly preferably of at least 70 N / mm 2 , measured in each case parallel to the module edge.
• the solar module according to the invention is essentially not flexible, so in particular is not rollable, as described in DE 10 2005 032 716 Al. It is thus easy to handle and does not bend even after a long time (for example, with a spaced attachment to non-vertical surfaces).
• the modulus of elasticity alone is not sufficient for a sufficient description of the polyurethane-comprehensive framework according to the invention.
• many polyurethane materials also have an E-modulus of at least 30 N / mm 2 , measured parallel to the module edge, but are unsuitable for the present invention in that they are too brittle, that is, inelastic.
• an impact stress acting on the solar module would namely transfer unhindered to the actual solar module inside the frame, which can very easily lead to its damage (breakage, crack or the like).
• Another important aspect of the present invention is edge protection. Break or splinter brittle materials with low elongation at break. Elastic materials with higher elongation at break are therefore more suitable for mounting in the robust environment of a construction site. For this reason, the frame according to the invention should be characterized by the highest possible breaking elongation. Particularly preferred is an elongation at break of at least 80%, very particularly preferred is an elongation at break of at least 100%.
• a low thermal expansion coefficient is only present in the fiber direction.
• the low thermal expansion coefficient due to the fiber orientation parallel to the glass edge is found.
• the expansion coefficient corresponds to that of the unreinforced material of about 150 * 10 "6 / K.
• the solar module does not require an additional seal between the frame and the solar module enclosed by it (although an additional seal for extreme weather conditions may, of course, be provided).
• a primer may be applied to the glass or the backsheet or backsheet.
• the solar module according to the invention shows sufficient resistance to delamination and ingress of moisture. This is ensured by combining a certain macroscopic size-compliant frame material in the sense of the present invention.
• the frame of the solar module is usually not only the sealing of the solar module to the outside and increasing its stability. Rather, the attachment of the solar module to the respective substrate (for example, roofs or walls) takes place via the frame.
• the solar module may therefore have, for example, fastening means, recesses and / or holes, via which an attachment to the respective substrate can take place.
• the frame can accommodate the electrical connection elements. A subsequent attachment of a junction box is omitted in this case.
• the frame of the solar module preferably has a density of at least 800, in particular of at least 1000 kg / m 3 .
• the frame is preferably not a foam, but preferably a solid material which has no or, if at all, only extremely few gas inclusions. This is not only favorable for the stability of the frame but for its tightness.
• the frame of the solar module contains isotropic and / or anisotropic fillers, with anisotropic and in particular needle-like and / or fibrous fillers being particularly preferred.
• fillers are understood as meaning organic and / or inorganic compounds, preferably organic and / or inorganic compounds apart from a) organic compounds which are halogenated, contain phosphorus or contain nitrogen and b) inorganic phosphorus compounds, inorganic metal hydroxides and inorganic boron compounds.
• the compound groups enumerated under a) and b) are preferably counted among the flame retardants for the purposes of the present invention.
• the advantage of anisotropic fillers lies in the orientation and the resulting low thermal expansion and shrinkage values. Good properties in the context of the invention are achieved if:
• the fibers are aligned parallel to the loading direction (e.g., parallel to the edges)
• a sizing durably ensures the contact fiber matrix.
• the amount of fillers contained in the scope is preferably in a range of 10 to 30 wt .-%, more preferably in a range of 15 to 25 wt .-%, based on the weight of the polyurethane. Within these ranges, the macroscopic sizes considered important above take on particularly favorable values.
• S Structual
• fiber spraying a fiber-polyurethane mixture is sprayed into the desired location in the tool. Then the tool closes and the PUR system reacts.
• S-RIM process a preformed (continuous) fiber structure is placed in the (frame) tool and then the PUR reaction mixture is injected into the still open or already closed mold. Even so, high moduli of elasticity or lower thermal expansion values can be achieved.
• the fillers are preferably synthetic or natural, in particular mineral fillers. Most preferably, the fillers are selected from the group consisting of mica, platelet and / or fibrous wollastonite, glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers or mixtures thereof. Fibrous wollastonite is preferred among these fillers because it is cheap and readily available.
• the fillers preferably have a coating, in particular an aminosilane-based coating.
• a coating in particular an aminosilane-based coating. In this Trap increases the interaction between the fillers and the polymer matrix. This results in better performance properties as the coating permanently bonds fiber and polyurethane matrix.
• the frame of the solar module according to the invention preferably comprises at least one flame retardant.
• flame retardants in particular include organic compounds (in particular halogenated, phosphorus-containing, for example tricresyl phosphate, tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-chloropropyl phosphate and tris-2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate, and nitrogen-containing organic compounds) and also inorganic phosphorus compounds (for example red Phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate), inorganic metal hydroxides (for example aluminum trihydroxide, alumina hydrate, ammonium polyphosphate, sodium polymetaphosphate or amine phosphates, eg melamine phosphates) and inorganic boron compounds (for example boric acid, borax).
• organic compounds in particular halogenated, phosphorus-containing, for example tricresyl phosphate, tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-ch
• Particularly preferred flame retardants are melamine. It is preferred that the frame of the solar module comprises both fillers and flame retardants. Due to these two ingredients result sufficient mechanical properties (elongation at break, modulus of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficient, see above), the solar module at the same time has sufficient flame retardant properties, which are required for use as a roof module, for example.
• the scope of the solar module comprises fillers in an amount of 10 to 15 wt .-% and flame retardants in an amount of 10 to 15 wt .-%.
• the scope of the solar module includes fillers in an amount of 10 to 20 wt .-% and flame retardants in an amount of 5 to 7 wt .-%.
• the frame comprises an outer flame-retardant layer.
• the outer flame retardant layer or its chemical precursor is preferably applied to the frame of the solar module or presented in a form in which then subsequently the solar module is produced (the last alternative is also referred to as a so-called in-mold coating method).
• the outer flame retardant layer preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 0.06 mm. Thicknesses in a range of 0.03 to 0.06 mm are particularly preferred. Below this range, the flame retardant properties of the outer flame retardant layer are insufficient. Larger layer thicknesses are accompanied by higher production costs.
• the object underlying the invention is achieved by a method for producing a solar module according to the invention with a frame, which is characterized in that the frame is formed by RIM, R-RIM, S-RIM, RTM, spraying or casting ,
• Polyisocyanates are used in the production of the polyurethane solar module frames.
• the polyisocyanates used are (cyclo) aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates. Preference is given to tolylene diisocyanate, di- and / or polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, which have an NCO content of 28 to 50 wt .-%. These include liquid at room temperature and optionally modified accordingly mixtures of 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane with 2,4'- and to a lesser extent optionally 2,2'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane.
• liquid polyisocyanate mixtures of the diphenylmethane series which, in addition to the isomers mentioned, contain their higher homologs and which are obtainable in a manner known per se by phosgenation of aniline / formaldehyde condensates.
• urethane or carbodiimide and / or allophanate or biuret groups having modification products of these di- and polyisocyanates are suitable.
• NCO prepolymers having an NCO content of 10 to 48 wt .-%.
• polystyrene resins are prepared from the aforementioned polyisocyanates and polyether polyols having a hydroxyl number of 6 to 112, polyoxyalkylene diols having a hydroxyl number of 113 to 1100 or alkylene diols having a hydroxyl number of 645 to 1850 or mixtures thereof.
• aromatic isocyanate components based on MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate), particularly preferably NCO prepolymers.
• Polyol formulations are also used in the manufacture of polyurethane solar module frames. In addition to at least one polyhydroxy compound, these also contain chain extenders, catalysts, fillers, auxiliaries and additives.
• the polyhydroxy compounds are preferably polyhydroxypolyethers which can be prepared in a manner known per se by polyaddition of alkylene oxides onto polyfunctional starter compounds in the presence of catalysts.
• the polyhydroxy polyethers are preferably prepared from a starter compound having on average 2 to 8 active hydrogen atoms and one or more alkylene oxides.
• Preferred starter compounds are molecules having two to eight hydroxyl groups per molecule such as water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, triethanolamine, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and sucrose.
• the starter compounds may be used alone or in admixture.
• the polyols are prepared from one or more alkylene oxides. Preferred alkylene oxides are oxirane, methyloxirane and ethyloxirane. These can be used alone or in a mixture.
• polyhydroxypolyethers in which high molecular weight polyadducts or polycondensates or polymers in finely dispersed, dissolved or grafted form are present.
• modified polyhydroxyl compounds are obtained, for example, when polyaddition reactions (eg reactions between polyisocyanates and amino-functional Compounds) or polycondensation reactions (eg between formaldehyde and phenols and / or amines) can run in situ in the hydroxyl-containing compounds (as described for example in DE-AS 1 168 075).
• Polyhydroxyl compounds modified by vinyl polymers as obtained, for example, by polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (for example, according to US Pat. No. 3,383,351), are suitable as polyol polyol polyol component for the process according to the invention.
• Representatives of the polyol component mentioned are described, for example, in the Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VII "Polyurethane", 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff / Vienna, 1993, pages 57-67 and pages 88-90
• Polyhydroxypolyether used which have a hydroxyl number of 6 to 112, preferably from 21 to 56, and a functionality of 1.8 to 8, preferably from 1.8 to 6, have.
• Suitable chain extenders in the polyol formulation according to the invention are those whose average hydroxyl or amine number is 245 to 1850 and whose functionality is 1.8 to 8, preferably 1.8 to 4.
• Examples are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, triethanolamine, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and short-chain alkoxylation products.
• Ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol are particularly preferably used.
• Tertiary amines of the type known per se are particularly suitable, for example triethylamine, Tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomorpholine, N, N, N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N, N'-tetramethyl-1-butanediamine, N, N-dimethylimidazol-.beta.-phenylethylamine, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether or 2-methylimidazole.
• organic metal catalysts such as organic bismuth catalysts, eg bismuth (III) neodecanoate or organic tin catalysts, for example tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids, such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) -ethylhexoate and tin (I ⁇ ) laurate and the dialkyltin salts of carboxylic acids, for example dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate can be used alone or in combination with the tertiary amines.
• organic bismuth catalysts eg bismuth (III) neodecanoate or organic tin catalysts
• tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II)
• the catalysts may be used alone or in combination. Further representatives of catalysts and details of the mode of action of the catalysts are described in the Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VII "Polyurethane", 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff / Vienna, 1993 on pages 104-110.
• Optionally used fillers may be both inorganic and organic fillers.
• inorganic fillers are: platelet and / or fibrous wollastonites, silicate minerals such as phyllosilicates (eg mica), metal oxides such as iron oxides, pyrogenically prepared metal oxides such as aerosils, metal salts such as barite, inorganic pigments such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and glass, glass fibers, Microglass spheres, hollow glass microspheres, etc.
• organic fillers may be mentioned by way of example: organic fibers (such as carbon and / or Aramidfasem), crystalline paraffins or fats, powders based on polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, urea-formaldehyde masses and / or Polyhydrazodicarbonamiden (eg from hydrazine and toluene diisocyanate). It is also possible to use hollow microspheres of organic origin or cork.
• the organic or inorganic fillers can be used individually or as mixtures.
• auxiliaries and additives which may optionally be used in the polyol formulation according to the invention include, for example, blowing agents, stabilizers, coloring agents, flame retardants, plasticizers and / or monohydric alcohols.
• propellants and water can be used as propellants.
• Physical blowing agents are, for example, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, n-pentane and / or i-hexane.
• water is used.
• the propellants can be used alone or in combination.
• Stabilizers used are, in particular, surface-active substances, i. Used compounds to assist the homogenization of the starting materials and optionally also be suitable to regulate the cell structure of the plastics. Examples which may be mentioned are emulsifiers, such as the sodium salts of castor oil sulfates or fatty acids, and salts of fatty acids with amines, foam stabilizers, such as Siloxanoxalkylengemischpoly- merisate, and cell regulators, such as paraffins.
• the stabilizers used are predominantly organopolysiloxanes which are water-soluble. These are Polydimethylsiloxanreste on which a polyether chain of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is grafted.
• coloring agents can be used for the coloring of polyurethanes known dyes and / or color pigments are used on an organic and / or inorganic basis, for example iron oxide and / or chromium oxide pigments and pigments based on phthalocyanine and / or monoazo.
• flame retardants in particular include organic compounds (in particular halogenated, phosphorus-containing, for example tricresyl phosphate, tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-chloropropyl phosphate and tris-2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate, and nitrogen-containing organic compounds) and also inorganic phosphorus compounds (cf.
• organic compounds in particular halogenated, phosphorus-containing, for example tricresyl phosphate, tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-chloropropyl phosphate and tris-2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate, and nitrogen-containing organic compounds
• inorganic phosphorus compounds cf.
• red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate), inorganic metal hydroxides for example, aluminum trihydroxide, alumina hydrate, ammonium polyphosphate, sodium polymetaphosphate or amine phosphates, eg melamine phosphates
• inorganic boron compounds for example, boric acid, borax
• Particularly preferred flame retardants are melamine.
• esters of polyvalent, preferably called dibasic carboxylic acids with monohydric alcohols can be derived, for example, from succinic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetra- and / or hexahydrophthalic anhydride, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and / or dimeric and / or trimeric fatty acids, optionally mixed with monomeric fatty acids.
• the alcohol component of such esters can be derived, for example, from branched and / or unbranched aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 20 C atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert. Butanol, the various isomers of pentyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol (eg 2-ethylhexanol), nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and / or fatty and wax alcohols obtainable from naturally occurring or hydrogenated naturally occurring carboxylic acids.
• branched and / or unbranched aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 20 C atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert.
• cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic hydroxy compounds for example cyclohexanol and its homologs phenol, cresol, thymol, carvacrol, benzyl alcohol and / or phenylethanol.
• plasticizers are esters of the abovementioned alcohols with phosphoric acid.
• phosphoric acid esters of halogenated alcohols for example trichloroethyl phosphate. In the latter case, a flame retardant effect can be achieved simultaneously with the plasticizer effect.
• mixed esters of the above-mentioned alcohols and carboxylic acids can be used.
• the plasticizers may also be so-called polymeric plasticizers, for example polyesters of adipic, sebacic and / or phthalic acid.
• polymeric plasticizers for example polyesters of adipic, sebacic and / or phthalic acid.
• Alkylsulfonklareester of Phenols eg Paraffinsulfonklaphenylester, usable as a plasticizer.
• auxiliaries and / or additives are monohydric alcohols such as butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, dodecanol or cyclohexanol, which may optionally be used to bring about a desired chain termination with.
• monohydric alcohols such as butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, dodecanol or cyclohexanol, which may optionally be used to bring about a desired chain termination with.
• Further details of the customary auxiliaries and additives can be found in the specialist literature, for example in the Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VII "Polyurethane", 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff / Vienna, 1993, page 104 et seq.
• the outer flame retardant layer can be subsequently applied to the frame of the solar module. But it can also be presented in a form in which then the actual solar module is manufactured.
• the presentation of a (paint) layer in a mold, followed by its closure and exposure to the actual plastic material is also referred to as a so-called in-mold coating process.
• Possible compositions of such in-mold coating lacquers are disclosed, for example, in DE 38 21 908 C1 and US Pat. No. 5,567,763.
• the object underlying the invention is achieved by a device for generating electrical energy comprising the photovoltaic solar module according to the invention with the above-defined physical properties of the frame.
• Bayflex ® system Bayflex ® VP was used.
• the plates had the dimensions 200x300x3 mm 3 . From these plates standard test pieces were punched out according to the respective test standards. The following material properties were determined. :
• thermal expansion coefficient 40 x 10 - '67, K DIN 53752 thermal (in the fiber direction *) expansion coefficient: 160 x 10 v "67K DIN 53752 (transverse to the fiber direction **) * -parallel to the edge of the module ** - perpendicular to the edge of the module
• Comparative Example b) is not suitable as a frame material in the context of the present invention, since the polyurethane has in particular a too low elongation at break.
• the Bayflex ® system Bayflex ® VP was used. PU 51BD11 / Desmodur ® VP.PU 18IF18 (invention) and as a comparative example, the Bayflex ® system VP.PU 81BD03 / Desmodur ® VP.PU 0833 with different gain and flame retardant components.
• the reinforcing material used was fibrous wollastonite of the type Tremin 939.955 from Quarzwerke, Frechen.
• finely crystalline powdered melamine (2,4,6-triamino-l, 3,5-triazine) from BASF AG was used.
• an in-mold coating varnish which also has flame retardancy, was used.
• the product bomix PUR-IMC VP 5780006 was used together with the hardener 27/77 from bomix Chemie GmbH, Telgte.
• the mold plates were produced with the amounts of reinforcing agent and flame retardant (weight percent based on the molding weight) indicated in the table and had the dimensions 200x300x4 mm 3 .
• the release agent bomix LC7 / A9807-7 the company bomix Chemie GmbH, Telgte
• a lacquer layer (consisting of 100 parts bomix PUR-IMC VP 5780006 and 25 parts hardener 27/77) was uniformly sprayed onto the mold walls using a spray gun FSP-FP-HTE 1.5 from Schneider Druck Kunststoff Kunststoff GmbH, Reutlingen.
• FSP-FP-HTE 1.5 from Schneider Druck Kunststoff Kunststoff GmbH, Reutlingen.
• the in-mold coat used is a polyurethane resin provided with inorganic pigments and dissolved in esters, the coatable coating comprising inter alia the following compounds: about 47% butyl acetate, about 10 % Triethyl phosphate, about 6% 2,5-pentanedione and about 5% methoxypropyl acetate (in% by weight).
• the fire test on strip-shaped samples from the mold plates was carried out in accordance with the standard UL 94.
• the UL 94 is a common preliminary test, with which materials can be characterized with regard to their fire behavior.
• the afterburning time was measured after the test piece was exposed to a flame for 10 seconds and the flame was removed. A flame was applied twice in each case. The goal is an afterburning time of less than 10 seconds.
• the solar module models had the lateral dimensions of 1300x800 mm 2 with a laminate thickness of 6 mm.
• the surrounding polyurethane frame had an average thickness of 12 mm.
• Fire tests based on the solar module models produced in this way were carried out in accordance with DIN 4102-7.
• two solar module models were screwed side by side on a metallic framework at an angle of 45 ° and a standard set of fire was placed on the horizontal and vertical frame area.
• the fire protection was classified according to DIN EN 13501-5 with regard to the vertical and horizontal spread of fire emanating from the fire rate. The aim is to minimize fire propagation in the horizontal and vertical directions.

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-24 CA CA2718561A patent/CA2718561A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-03-24 WO PCT/EP2009/002132 patent/WO2009121502A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2009-03-24 JP JP2011502259A patent/JP2011517073A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-03-24 KR KR1020107021984A patent/KR20100134000A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-03-24 CN CN2009801205701A patent/CN102057498A/zh active Pending
  • 2009-03-24 US US12/936,308 patent/US8381466B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-03-24 MX MX2010010579A patent/MX2010010579A/es active IP Right Grant
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  • 2009-03-24 BR BRPI0909853A patent/BRPI0909853A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-03-24 EP EP09727849A patent/EP2263264A2/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-09-15 IL IL208156A patent/IL208156A0/en unknown

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