CN1754914B - 聚氨酯复合材料、其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

聚氨酯复合材料、其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN1754914B
CN1754914B CN200410066715A CN200410066715A CN1754914B CN 1754914 B CN1754914 B CN 1754914B CN 200410066715 A CN200410066715 A CN 200410066715A CN 200410066715 A CN200410066715 A CN 200410066715A CN 1754914 B CN1754914 B CN 1754914B
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hard polyaminoester
diisocyanate
polyurethane material
polyurethane
polyvalent alcohol
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CN1754914A (zh
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张晨曦
林仁杰
周志光
王翔
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Covestro Polymers China Co Ltd
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Bayer China Ltd
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Priority to CN200410066715A priority Critical patent/CN1754914B/zh
Priority to JP2007533854A priority patent/JP4977029B2/ja
Priority to US11/663,815 priority patent/US8017229B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2005/001571 priority patent/WO2006034640A1/zh
Priority to EP20050791954 priority patent/EP1818347B1/en
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Abstract

公开了一种聚氨酯复合材料，它包括硬质聚氨酯和直接发泡其上的整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫；所述硬质聚氨酯的密度为600-1200kg/m3、肖氏A硬度为90-99、肖氏D硬度为40-80、产品拉伸强度为10-60MPa，挠曲强度为20-60MPa弹性挠曲模量800-2500MPa，断裂伸长率为10-100％；断裂伸长为25-150％；所述整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫的密度为60-200kg/m3，拉伸强度为60-250kPa，断裂伸长70-180％，撕裂强度为130-220N/m，落球回弹值为40-70％，IFD25％为200-600N，IFD65％为600-1800N。

Description

聚氨酯复合材料、其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯复合材料，该复合材料的制备方法及其例如在自行车鞍座、装潢材料中的用途。
背景技术
现有的自行车鞍座一般有两种结构：
1)由聚丙烯内衬、叠合在该聚丙烯内衬上的开孔HR聚氨酯泡沫、和聚氨酯或PVC外层组成；
2)聚丙烯内衬和整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯泡沫组成。
聚丙烯内衬用于提供支承作用和抗冲击性，而聚氨酯外层用于提供柔软舒适性和耐磨性。制造时，一般先将聚丙烯和聚氨酯分别成形成所需的相应形状，随后用粘结剂将两者粘结在一起。为了提高粘结强度，需要对成形聚丙烯表面进行表面处理，例如打毛、火焰处理等等。
使用这种方法制得的自行车鞍座存在如下问题：
1.由于聚丙烯材料的表面处理一般采用手工操作，造成劳动生产率低、表面处理不完全，粘结不完整，产品废品率居高不下；
2.使用粘结剂粘结的聚丙烯聚氨酯复合材料鞍座经一段时间使用后，由于骑车者腿部的摩擦作用造成鞍座底部粘结处容易脱胶，影响使用寿命；
3.使用粘结剂除了提高制造成本以外，还会产生环境问题；
4.随着环保意识的日益增强和环保法规的日趋严厉，许多国家出台了“谁生产、谁回收处理”的规定。即要求生产厂家回收处理废弃的塑料物(包括塑料自行车鞍座)。目前的自行车鞍座回收方法包括将聚丙烯内衬和聚氨酯外层相互剥离，随后分别对聚丙烯类材料和聚氨酯类材料进行处理。这样光剥离步骤就需要耗费大量人力物力，从而提高了制造成本，难以进行机械化的大规模生产。
本发明的目的就是要解决长期困扰本领域的上述缺陷，用聚氨酯复合材料代替含聚丙烯的复合材料，简化生产工艺，提高生产效率和产品合格率，避免使用粘结剂，减少由粘结剂带来的环境问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种所述聚氨酯复合材料的制造方法，这种方法解决了对聚丙烯材料表面处理时手工操作带来的问题。
本发明的再一个目的是提供本发明聚氨酯复合材料在作为自行车鞍座和装潢材料上的用途。
发明的内容
因此，本发明提供一种聚氨酯复合材料，它包括一层作为内衬层的硬质聚氨酯和一层直接发泡在所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层上的整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫；
所述硬质聚氨酯是多异氰酸酯与聚醚多醇或聚酯多醇以及扩链剂的反应产物，其密度为600-1200kg/m3、肖氏D硬度为40-80、产品拉伸强度为10-60MPa，挠曲强度为20-60MPa、弹性挠曲模量800-2500MPa、断裂伸长率为10-25％；
所述整皮(表面闭孔)或HR聚氨酯软质泡沫是二/多异氰酸酯与多元醇在以水为发泡剂作用下形成的反应产物，其密度为60-200kg/m3、拉伸强度为60-250kPa、断裂伸长率为70-180％、撕裂强度为130-220N/m、落球回弹值为40-70％、IFD 25％为200-600N、IFD 65％为600-1800N。
本发明的另一方面提供一种所述聚氨酯复合材料的制造方法，它包括如下步骤：
1)在一个复合模具的上模加入多异氰酸酯与聚醚多醇或聚酯多醇以及扩链剂，形成硬质聚氨酯内衬层；
2)在该复合模具的下模加入用于形成所述聚氨酯软泡沫的二/多异氰酸酯、多元醇和发泡剂水的混合物；
3)闭合所述复合模具，使所述聚氨酯软泡沫发泡在所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层上，形成整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫层。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明较好实例进一步说明本发明。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种聚氨酯复合材料，它包括一层作为内衬层的硬质聚氨酯和一层直接发泡在所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层上的聚氨酯软泡沫。
用于构成本发明聚氨酯复合材料的硬质聚氨酯是多异氰酸酯与聚醚多元醇或/和聚酯型多元醇以及扩链剂的反应产物。
所述多异氰酸酯是常规的多异氰酸酯，其非限定性例子有甲苯二异氰酸酯，例如2，4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2，6-甲苯二异氰酸酯，二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，例如，4，4′二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，NCO％含量为18-33.6之间的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯相关改性产物、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，四亚甲基二异氰酸酯，萘二异氰酸酯。
用作本发明硬质聚氨酯内衬的多异氰酸酯材料可从市场上购得，其非限定性例子有例如：
购自拜耳公司(Bayer)的SBU J243、Desmodur 3133、Desmodur 3230、Desmodur 44P01、Desmodur PU 1511L、Desmodur 44V20；
购自陶氏公司(Dow)的PAPI M227、ISONATE M 143；
购自BASF的Lupranate M 20 S；
购自Huntsman的SUPRASEC 5005。
适用于本发明的聚醚型多元醇的非限定性例子有以丙二醇，乙二醇，丙三醇，三羟甲基丙烷，季戊四醇，蔗糖，山梨醇，乙二胺，甲苯二胺等为起始剂形成的官能度为2-8，较好为2-6，羟值为20-800的聚醚型多元醇。聚醚型多元醇的羟值较好为100-700。
所述聚醚型多元醇的非限定性例子为主链结构为聚环氧丙烷，聚环氧丙烷结构中掺有10-20％的聚环氧乙烷链段、或主链结构聚环氧丙烷末端有10-20％的聚环氧乙烷链段封端。
聚酯型多元醇非限定性例子有主链结构为己二酸或/和邻苯二甲酸酐与乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、1，4-丁二醇、1，6己二醇、戊二醇等缩聚反应产物，官能度为2-4，羟值为50-500。适用于本发明的多元醇也可从市场上购得。其非限定性例子有例如购自拜耳公司的Baydur CSP EF 0801-1、BaydurTPPU601 K20B和Baydur PU 85BD04。
适用于本发明的扩链剂包括二元醇，三元醇和二元胺；其非限定性例子有乙二醇，丁二醇，丙三醇，三羟甲基丙烷，一缩二乙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、二元胺包括芳香二胺或脂肪族二胺如：乙二胺，甲苯二胺等。
在本发明聚氨酯复合材料的硬质聚氨酯中，所述多异氰酸酯与多元醇的摩尔比为100-130∶100，较好为105-120∶100，最好为108-115∶100。
用于构成本发明聚氨酯复合材料的硬质聚氨酯产品密度为600-1200kg/m3，优选900-1200kg/m3，更优选1000-1200kg/m3；肖氏A(ShoreA)硬度为90-99，较好为95-98；肖氏D(Shore D)硬度为40-80，优选50-80，更优选65-75；产品拉伸强度为10-60MPa，较好为35-45MPa；断裂伸长率为10-25％，较好为12-20％。
根据需要，在本发明复合材料的硬质聚氨酯中还可加入其它添加剂，例如阻燃剂，如磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、磷酸三(1，3-二氯-2-丙基)酯、磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯(TCPP)、二甲基丙基磷酸酯(DMPP)。
本发明聚氨酯复合材料还包括整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫。所述聚氨酯软泡沫是二异氰酸酯与二元醇在以水为发泡剂作用下形成的反应产物。
所述二异氰酸酯是常规的二异氰酸酯，其非限定性例子如2，4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2，6-甲苯二异氰酸酯，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，四亚甲基二异氰酸酯，萘二异氰酸酯，二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，较好为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)及其NCO％含量为24-33(较好为18-30)的相关改性产物；或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的混合物，其NCO％含量为26-42、较好为30-40。
所述多元醇的官能度为2-4，羟值为18-60，较好为20-50，并且较好的是主链结构为聚环氧丙烷，聚环氧丙烷结构中掺有10-20％的聚环氧乙烷链段或主链结构聚环氧丙烷末端有10-20％聚环氧乙烷链段封端。混合接枝型多元醇的非限定性例子有官能度为2-4，羟值为18-25，固体含量为20-46％(聚苯乙烯PS，聚丙烯腈PA，聚脲)的多元醇。
用于形成聚氨酯软泡沫的多元醇可从市场上购得。其非限定性例子有例如购自拜耳公司的Bayfit 2856-LY、Bayfit HM 1124和Bayfit 2873-LY。
用于形成本发明整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫的多元醇体系中，按多元醇体系的重量计，含有0.4-1.0重量％，较好0.6-0.8重量％的水。在聚合过程中，其所含的水分起发泡剂的作用。
本发明整皮(表面闭孔)或HR聚氨酯软质泡沫产品的密度为60-200kg/m3、优选60-180kg/m3、更优选70-150kg/m3；本发明整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫的拉伸强度为60-250kPa，较好为80-200kPa；断裂伸长率为70-180％，较好为87-160％；撕裂强度为130-220N/m，较好为150-200N/m，落球回弹值为40-70％，较好为50-65％；IFD25％为200-600N，较好为300-500N；IFD 65％为600-1800N，较好为900-1100N。
本发明复合材料软质聚氨酯泡沫中还可加入紫外光稳定剂。所述紫外光稳定剂无特别的限制，它可以是常规的紫外光稳定剂。其非限定性例子有，例如购自Ciba-Geigy的Irganox565(2-(4-羟基-3，5-二叔丁基苯胺基)-4，6-双(正辛硫基)1，3，5-三嗪)等。
根据需要，在本发明复合材料的硬质和软质聚氨酯泡沫中还可加入其它添加剂，例如阻燃剂，如磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、磷酸三(1，3-二氯-2-丙基)酯、磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯(TCPP)、二甲基丙基磷酸酯(DMPP)；着色剂；泡沫稳定剂等等。本领域的普通技术人员可根据实际需要容易地选择合适的添加剂。
本发明的另一方面提供一种所述聚氨酯复合材料的制造方法，它包括如下步骤：
1)在一个复合模具的上模加入用于形成所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层的多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合体系；2至6分钟后开模，形成硬质聚氨酯内衬层。
在本文中，术语“复合模具”是指这样一种模具，它具有上模和下模，所述上模能独立地模制具有一定形状的制品，通常是具有一定形状的硬质聚氨酯内衬层；下模能放置聚氨酯软泡沫的反应体系，从而在闭合模具后，聚氨酯软泡沫能直接形成在成形的硬质聚氨酯内衬层上。
所述复合模具上模的形状取决于具体用途。在本发明复合材料用于自行车鞍座的情况下，所述复合模具上模的形状对应与所述自行车鞍座的形状，从而使模具的上下模闭合后位于模具下模中的聚氨酯软泡沫能直接在该硬质聚氨酯表面，形成发泡的表层；在本发明复合材料用作装潢材料，例如圆弧形立柱包覆板，的情况下，所述复合模具上模的形状对应于该立柱部分弧形的形状。在使用中上下模具安装位置可以互换。
2)在该复合模具的下模加入用于形成所述整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软质泡沫的二异氰酸酯和多元醇组合体系。
3)闭合所述复合模具，使所述整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫发泡在所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层上。
综上所述，本发明聚氨酯复合材料由可承受重压和冲击的硬质聚氨酯以及直接在该硬质聚氨酯上发泡的整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫组成。在用于例如形成自行车鞍座的情况下，硬质聚氨酯提供抗冲击和承压性能，而整皮(表面闭孔)聚氨酯软泡沫表面层则提供舒适性和耐磨性。这种聚氨酯复合材料消除了现有技术对硬质支承材料进行的手工表面处理，提高了生产率和成品率。另外由于该材料全部由同性的聚氨酯组成，因此在回收时无需剥离分类工序，节约了人力成本，适合大规模工业化生产。此外，由于无需粘结剂，从而消除了粘结剂成本以及使用粘结剂对环境的影响。另一方面，在用于装潢(例如装饰墙面板)的情况下，本发明复合材料的表面软泡沫层除了提供柔软的手感外，还具有吸音效果，从而可取代布艺装潢，达到防火、降低成本等效果。
下面，结合实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
制备硬质聚氨酯
A-组份：
SBU J243改性MDI-改性多苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
NCO％                     32％
粘度25℃              25mPa.s
B-组份：
Baydur CSP EF0801-1，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
羟值             约370           mg KOH/g
含水量           ＜0.15          ％by wt.
粘度(25℃)       约1,700         mPa·s
100重量份，Baydur CSP EF0801-1B组份聚醚混合料与
100重量份，A组份SBUJ243(反应指数110)在室温搅拌10秒倒入摄氏50度模具中，关闭模具十分钟后脱模。得到产品具有如下性能：
  项目   数值   执行标准
  密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)   1180   DIN 53479
  弹性挠曲模量[MPa]   2200   DIN 53457
  拉伸强度(MPa)   45   DIN 53455
  断裂伸长(％)   16   DIN 53455
  冲击强度[kJ/m<sup>2</sup>]   46   DIN 53453
  肖氏D硬度[Shore D]   77   DIN 53505
实施例2
制备硬质聚氨酯
A-组份：
Desmodur 44P01改性MDI-改性多苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，购自拜耳中国(有限)
公司
性质              标称值         单位
NCO含量           29.0±0.5％    重量.
Figure G2004100667153D00061
to DIN 3501525℃      140±30        mPa·s
酸值              ＜400          ppm HCl
B-组份：
Baydur TP.PU 60IK20，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
性质          标称值         单位
羟值          515±25        mg KOH/g
含水量            0.55±0.1         重量％
粘度(25℃)        1,450±200        mPa.s
100重量份，Baydur TP.PU 60IK20 B组份混合料与
140重量份，A-组份Desmodur 44P01(反应指数110)，以高压机器加工操作，典型的加工条件
原料温度[POL/ISO](℃)：30-35/30-35
原料压力[POL/ISO](MPa)：约15/约15
模温(℃)：60-70
注射时间(s)＜5
注入密闭模具中，十分钟后脱模。得到产品具有如下性能
  项目   数值   执行标准
  密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)   600   DIN 53479
  弹性挠曲模量[MPa]   900   DIN 53457
  拉伸强度(MPa)   20   DIN 53455
  断裂伸长(％)   12   DIN 53455
  冲击强度[kJ/m<sup>2</sup>]   15   DIN 53453
  肖氏D硬度[Shore D]   67   DIN 53505
实施例3
制备硬质聚氨酯
Desmodur PU1511L改性MDI，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
NCO％            约31         ％
粘度25℃         约120        mPa.s
B-组份：
Baydur PU 85BD04，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
羟值            约370         mg KOH/g
含水量          ＜0.15        重量％.
粘度25℃        约1,700       mPa.s
100重量份，Baydur PU 85BD04，B组份聚醚混合料与100重量份，ADesmodur PU1511L(反应指数110)在室温搅拌10秒倒入摄氏50度模具中，关闭模具十分钟后脱模。得到产品具有如下性能
  项目   数值   执行标准
  密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)   1180   DIN 53479
  弹性挠曲模量[MPa]   2300   DIN 53457
  拉伸强度(MPa)   52   DIN 53455
  断裂伸长(％)   18   DIN 53455
  冲击强度[kJ/m<sup>2</sup>]   45   DIN 53453
  肖氏D硬度[Shore D]   80   DIN 53505
实施例4
制备软质聚氨酯
A-组份：
SBU J243改性MDI-改性多苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
NCO％           约32            ％
粘度25℃        约25            mPa.s
Bayfit 2856-LY购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
羟值            约33           mg KOH/g
含水量          约2.5          重量％
粘度25℃        约1,100        mPa.s
100重量份，Bayfit 2856-LY，B组份聚醚混合料与35重量份，A SBUJ243(反应指数90)在室温搅拌7秒倒入摄氏45度模具中，关闭模具十分钟后脱模。得到产品具有如下性能：
  项目   数值   标准
  密度(kg/m3)   69   DIN 53420
  拉伸强度(KPa)   73   DIN 53571
  断裂伸长(％)   100   DIN 53571
  撕裂强度(N/m)   200   DIN 53571
  25％CLD(KPa)   3.6   -
  65％CLD(KPa)   9.6   -
  落球回弹(％)   61   -
实施例5
制备软质聚氨酯
A-组份：
SBU J243改性MDI-改性多苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
NCO％           约32        ％
粘度25℃        约25        mPa.s
B-组份：
Bayfit HM 1124，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
羟值            约29           mg KOH/g
含水量          约1.0          重量％
粘度25℃        约1,100        mPa.s
100重量份，聚醚型多元醇Bayfit HM 1124组份混合料与18.5重量份，A-组份SBU J243(反应指数90)在室温搅拌7秒倒入摄氏45度模具中，关闭模具十分钟后脱模。得到产品具有如下性能：
  项目   数值   标准
  密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)   150   DIN 53420
  拉伸强度(KPa)   150   DIN 53571
  断裂伸长(％)   158   DIN 53571
  撕裂强度(N/m)   180   DIN 53571
  25％IFD(N)   380   -
  65％IFD(N)   1126   -
  落球回弹(％)   52   -
实施例6
制备软质聚氨酯
A-组份：
SBU J243改性MDI-改性多苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
NCO％           约32        ％
粘度25℃        约25        mPa.s
Bayfit 2873-LY购自拜耳中国(有限)公司
羟值              约33          mg KOH/g
含水量            约0.8         重量％
粘度25℃          约1,100       mPa.s
100重量份，Bayfit 2873-LY，B组份聚醚混合料与16重量份，A SBUJ243(反应指数90)在室温搅拌7秒倒入摄氏45度模具中，关闭模具十分钟后脱模。得到产品具有如下性能：
  项目   数值   标准
  密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)   150   DIN 53420
  拉伸强度(KPa)   225   DIN 53571
  断裂伸长(％)   87   DIN 53571
  撕裂强度(N/m)   220   DIN 53571
  25％IFD(N)   570   -
  项目   数值   标准
  65％IFD(N)   1650   -
  落球回弹(％)   61   -
实施例7
制备自行车鞍座
在一个用于制备自行车鞍座的复合模具的上模中，加入如实施例1所述制得硬质聚氨酯，但是不脱模，即使之留在该上模中；随后在下模中加入如实施例4所述的反应体系，闭合模具10分钟后，脱模，得到由本发明复合材料制得的自行车鞍座。该自行车鞍座兼有本发明硬质聚氨酯和聚氨酯软泡沫的性能。
实施例8
制备用于包覆立柱的装潢材料
在一个圆弧形模具中，如实施例7所述制备本发明复合材料，但是使用实施例2所述的硬质聚氨酯和实施例6所述的聚氨酯软泡沫。脱模后得到弧形的复合材料板材。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氨酯复合材料，它包括一层作为内衬层的硬质聚氨酯和一层直接发泡在所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层上的整皮聚氨酯软泡沫；
所述硬质聚氨酯是多异氰酸酯与聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇以及扩链剂的反应产物，硬质聚氨酯的密度为600-1200kg/m3、肖氏D硬度为40-80，
所述聚氨酯软泡沫是二异氰酸酯与多元醇在以水为发泡剂作用下形成的反应产物，聚氨酯软泡沫的密度为60-200kg/m3，产品拉伸强度为60-250kPa，断裂伸长70-180％，撕裂强度为130-220N/m。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于所述硬质聚氨酯的密度为900-1200kg/m3，肖氏A硬度为90-99，肖氏D硬度为50-80，产品拉伸强度为10-60MPa，断裂伸长为10-25％；挠曲强度为20-60MPa，弹性挠曲模量800-2500MPa；
所述整皮聚氨酯软泡沫的密度为70-150kg/m3，拉伸强度为80-200kPa，断裂伸长87-160％，撕裂强度为150-200N/m，落球回弹值为40-70％，IFD25％为200-600N，IFD65％为600-1800N。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于所述硬质聚氨酯中多异氰酸酯与多元醇的摩尔比为100-130∶100。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于用于形成硬质聚氨酯的所述多异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，四亚甲基二异氰酸酯，萘二异氰酸酯；
用于形成硬质聚氨酯的所述聚醚多元醇选自以丙二醇，乙二醇，丙三醇，三羟甲基丙烷，季戊四醇，蔗糖，山梨醇，乙二胺，甲苯二胺为起始剂形成的官能度为2-8、羟值为20-800的聚醚多元醇；
所述用于形成硬质聚氨酯的聚酯多元醇选自主链结构为己二酸或/和邻苯二甲酸酐与乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、1，4-丁二醇、1，6己二醇、戊二醇缩聚形成的官能度为2-4，羟值为50-500的聚酯型多元醇。
5.如权利要求4所述的聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于所述聚醚型多元醇的主链结构为聚环氧丙烷，聚环氧丙烷结构中掺有10-20％的聚环氧乙烷链段、或主链结构聚环氧丙烷末端有10-20％的聚环氧乙烷链段封端。
6.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于用于形成所述整皮聚氨酯软泡沫的所述二异氰酸酯选自2，4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2，6-甲苯二异氰酸酯，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，四亚甲基二异氰酸酯，萘二异氰酸酯，二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，NCO％含量为26-42的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物；
用于形成所述整皮聚氨酯软泡沫的所述多元醇的官能度为2-4，羟值为18-60，并且主链结构为聚环氧丙烷，聚环氧丙烷结构中掺有10-20％的聚环氧乙烷链段或主链结构聚环氧丙烷末端有10-20％聚环氧乙烷链段封端。
7.如权利要求6所述的聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于用于形成所述整皮聚氨酯软泡沫的所述多元醇是混合接枝型多元醇，其官能度为2-4，羟值为18-25，固体含量为20-46％。
8.一种如权利要求1-7中任何一项所述聚氨酯复合材料的制造方法，它包括如下步骤：
1)在一个复合模具的上模形成所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层；
2)在该复合模具的下模加入用于形成所述聚氨酯软泡沫的二异氰酸酯、多元醇和发泡剂的混合物；
3)闭合所述复合模具，使所述聚氨酯软泡沫发泡在所述硬质聚氨酯内衬层上。
9.一种自行车鞍座，它是由权利要求1-7中任何一项所述聚氨酯复合材料制成的。
10.一种装潢材料，它是由权利要求1-7中任何一项所述聚氨酯复合材料制成的。
CN200410066715A 2004-09-28 2004-09-28 聚氨酯复合材料、其制备方法和用途 Expired - Fee Related CN1754914B (zh)

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