CN107099017B - 高密度聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法、以及泡棉胶带 - Google Patents

高密度聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法、以及泡棉胶带 Download PDF

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CN107099017B
CN107099017B CN201710322608.XA CN201710322608A CN107099017B CN 107099017 B CN107099017 B CN 107099017B CN 201710322608 A CN201710322608 A CN 201710322608A CN 107099017 B CN107099017 B CN 107099017B
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蒋可可
蒋友
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Hunan Senyan polymer new material Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:步骤一:将聚酯多元醇、淀粉、以及水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀;步骤二:将异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热80~90℃反应2~4小时;步骤三:将步骤二所述反应釜降温至50~60℃,加入催化剂、以及扩链剂,保温3~5小时;步骤四:将稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温20~30分钟固化得到高密度聚氨酯泡棉。本发明制得的高密度聚氨酯泡棉的密度均匀性好,减震缓冲性能优越。

Description

高密度聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法、以及泡棉胶带
技术领域
本发明涉及胶带技术领域,具体涉及一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法、以及泡棉胶带。
背景技术
聚氨酯为主链含-NHCOO-重复结构单元的一类聚合物,英文缩写PU,由异氰酸酯(单体)与羟基化合物聚合而成。聚氨酯含有强极性的氨基甲酸酯基,不溶于非极性基团,具有良好的耐油性、韧性、耐磨性、耐老化性和粘合性。用不同原料可制得适应较宽温度范围(-50~150℃)的材料,包括泡棉、胶粘剂、热塑性树脂和热固性树脂等。
聚氨酯泡棉又称作聚氨酯弹性体,可以作为基材应用于泡棉胶带,泡棉胶带是以泡棉为基材,在其一面或两面涂覆溶剂型(或者热熔型)压敏胶再复以离型纸制造而成,具有出色的密封性、抗压缩变形性和持久的回弹性,能避免气体外释和雾化,可以保证配件得到长期的防震保护。泡棉胶带可用于弯曲表面、粗糙表面和平滑表面等基材的粘结,并且随着时间的延长,泡棉胶带与被粘基材的接触面积会变大,粘结性能相对稳定。泡棉胶带还具有慢回弹特性,形变随着时间延长而缓慢恢复,抗冲击性能良好,可节约成本。
现有的泡棉胶带采用聚氨酯泡棉作为基材时,常用密度衡量聚氨酯泡棉性能,一般情况下,密度越大的聚氨酯泡棉回弹力越大,其制备的泡棉胶带的减震性能和缓冲性能越好,但现有的聚氨酯泡棉常出现密度低或是密度不均匀的现象,以致回弹性差,影响以聚氨酯泡棉为基材制备的泡棉胶带的减震缓冲性能。
因此,故急需开发出一种新的高密度聚氨酯泡棉来制备泡棉胶带。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法,用于解决现有的聚氨酯泡棉密度低或是密度分布不均匀的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将60~80重量份聚酯多元醇、20~40重量份淀粉、以及2~5重量份水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀;
步骤二:将15~25重量份异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热80~90℃反应2~4小时;
步骤三:将步骤二所述反应釜降温至50~60℃,加入0.5~2重量份催化剂、以及4~8重量份扩链剂,保温3~5小时;
步骤四:将1~3重量份稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温20~30分钟固化得到高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
优选地,所述步骤一中聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物,其中聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的质量比为2~5:1。
优选地,所述步骤二中异氰酸酯为1,5-萘二异氰酸酯。
优选地,所述步骤三中催化剂为辛酸亚锡或二丁基锡二月桂酸酯。
优选地,所述步骤三中扩链剂包括1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、乙二胺,二乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或多种的组合。
优选地,所述步骤四中稳定剂为硅油。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种按照上述任一项制备方法制备得到的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种泡棉胶带,所述泡棉胶带包括基材层、设于所述基材层表面的粘接层及离型膜,所述粘接层夹设于所述基材层与所述离型膜之间,所述基材层为上文所述的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
优选地,所述粘接层由丙烯酸型胶粘剂涂覆于所述基材层制得。
优选地,所述泡棉胶带的厚度为0.2~0.5mm,所述基材层的厚度为0.1~0.4mm。
相比于现有技术,本发明所述高密度聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法、以及泡棉胶带具有以下优势:
一、本发明将淀粉与聚酯多元醇进行预先混合,淀粉作为含有大量羟基的葡萄糖聚合物,与聚酯多元醇相容性高,预先混合使得其与异氰酸酯发生亲和加成反应时,反应更充分,利用聚酯多元醇和淀粉协同作用,可以提高聚氨酯的密度,并保证密度的均匀性,同时改善其回弹力;
二、本发明提供了利用混合聚酯多元醇和异氰酸酯反应,混合聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇,聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯是一种混合二元醇聚酯,它的使用减小了聚氨酯的结晶性,增加聚氨酯的初黏强度,聚碳酸酯二醇具有良好的耐水解性和耐氧化性,二者混合使用时,可以提高聚氨酯泡棉的性能。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了许多可应用的创造性概念,该创造性概念可大量的体现于具体的上下文中。在下述本发明的实施方式中描述的具体的实施例仅作为本发明的具体实施方式的示例性说明,而不构成对本发明范围的限制。
下面结合具体的实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将60重量份聚酯多元醇、40重量份淀粉、以及2重量份水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀;
其中,所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物,其中聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的质量比为2:1。具体的,聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯由己二酸、乙二醇和丁二醇反应合成,作为一种混合二元醇聚酯,它的使用减小了聚氨酯的结晶性;聚碳酸酯二醇为一种白色蜡状固体,羟值为100mg KOH/g,可提供内聚力大,粘接强度高的预聚体。
淀粉是一种多羟基葡萄糖聚合物,结构都含有丰富的羟基,可以部分代替聚酯多元醇与异氰酸酯发生反应制备聚氨酯,淀粉与聚酯多元醇混合均匀再进行反应时,协同效应显著。
步骤二:将15重量份异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热85℃反应2小时;
所述异氰酸酯为1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate,简称NDI),NDI熔点较高,分子的刚性、规整性和对称性高,可以从根本上提高聚氨酯的相分离程度,使得聚氨酯获得更为优异的机械性能和物理性能,其制品具有高强度、回弹性能优良等特性,是最佳的减震密封材料。
聚酯多元醇和异氰酸酯反应,水作为发泡剂,反应放出二氧化碳成为泡核,使反应混合物膨胀,得到具有开孔结构的泡沫。
另外氮气保护使得反应过程中各原料不易被空气氧化,可提高制得的聚氨酯材料的稳定性。
步骤三:将步骤二所述反应釜降温至50℃,加入0.5重量份催化剂、以及4重量份扩链剂,保温5小时。
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡,用于调节发泡反应和凝胶反应的速度,使之处于良好的平衡状态,提高产品生产效率;所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇与预聚体中的异氰酸酯基团反应,生产氨基甲酸酯或脲,起扩链或交联作用。辛酸亚锡和1,4-丁二醇并用可获得最佳的泡孔结构。
在其他实施例中,所述扩链剂包括乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、乙二胺,二乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或多种的组合。
步骤四:将1重量份稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温20分钟固化得到高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
所述稳定剂为硅油,可降低发泡体系混合料的表面张力,从而稳定泡孔,防止泡沫倒塌,并控制抛空的大小和均匀度。
本发明制得的高密度聚氨酯泡棉作为基材层,厚度为0.1~0.4mm之间。将胶粘剂涂覆于所述基材层表面制得粘接层,所述粘接层上覆盖离型膜,制得泡棉胶带,所述泡棉胶带的厚度为0.2~0.5mm之间。也就是说,所述泡棉胶带包括基材层、设于所述基材层一侧或两侧的粘接层以及离型膜,所述粘接层夹设于所述基材层和所述离型膜之间。
所述胶粘剂为丙烯酸型胶粘剂,粘结强度高,生产工艺成熟,而且丙烯酸型胶粘剂性能优异,粘接多种材质,可耐230℃的高温。
所述离型膜可以为淋膜纸,能够保护所述粘接层的粘性,而且所述离型膜耐高温、防油防潮,适合在电子行业使用。
进一步地,检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,具体的,包括聚氨酯泡棉的密度、剥离强度以及抗冲击强度,结果如表1所示。
对比实施例1
按照实施例一中的步骤制备高密度聚氨酯泡棉,但在步骤一中仅添加相同质量的聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯;
检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,结果如表1所示。
对比实施例2
按照实施例一中的步骤制备高密度聚氨酯泡棉,但在步骤一中仅添加相同质量的聚碳酸酯二醇;
检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,结果如表1所示。
空白实施例
按照实施例一中的步骤制备高密度聚氨酯泡棉,其厚度为0.2mm,但在步骤二中不添加淀粉;
检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1可以看出,相较于现有的聚氨酯泡棉,通过本发明提供的方法制得的聚氨酯泡棉的密度明显提高,抗冲击强度高,剥离强度也有所提升,具有优异的缓冲减震性能。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将75重量份聚酯多元醇、25重量份淀粉、以及3重量份水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀;
其中,所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物,其中聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的质量比为3:1。
步骤二:将18重量份异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热80℃反应2.5小时;
步骤三:将步骤二所述反应釜降温至55℃,加入1重量份催化剂、以及5重量份扩链剂,保温3小时。
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡;所述扩链剂为乙二醇。
步骤四:将2重量份稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温25分钟固化得到0.2mm的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。所述稳定剂为硅油。
检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,结果如表2所示。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将80重量份聚酯多元醇、20重量份淀粉、以及4重量份水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀;
其中,所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物,其中聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的质量比为4:1。
步骤二:将22重量份异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热80℃反应3小时;
步骤三:将步骤二所述反应釜降温至60℃,加入1.5重量份催化剂、以及7重量份扩链剂,保温4小时。
所述催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯;所述扩链剂为二乙烯二胺。
步骤四:将2.5重量份稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温22分钟固化得到0.2mm的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。所述稳定剂为硅油。
检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,结果如表2所示。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将67重量份聚酯多元醇、33重量份淀粉、以及5重量份水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀;
其中,所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物,其中聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的质量比为5:1。
步骤二:将25重量份异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热90℃反应4小时;
步骤三:将步骤二所述反应釜降温至52℃,加入2重量份催化剂、以及8重量份扩链剂,保温5小时。
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡;所述扩链剂为一缩二乙二醇。
步骤四:将3重量份稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温30分钟固化得到0.2mm的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。所述稳定剂为硅油。
检测聚氨酯泡棉的物理性能,结果如表2所示。
表2
Figure BDA0001290262840000071
从表2可以看出,通过本发明提供的方法制得的高密度聚氨酯泡棉的密度稳定于0.4g/cm3,密度均匀性有所提高,抗冲击强度高,剥离强度也很稳定,说明所述高密度聚氨酯泡棉具有优越的减震缓冲性能。
应该注意的是,上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中,不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。

Claims (8)

1.一种高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将60~80重量份聚酯多元醇、20~40重量份淀粉、以及2~55重量份水加入到反应釜中,混合均匀,其中聚酯多元醇包括聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物,且聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯和聚碳酸酯二醇的质量比为2~5:1;
步骤二:将15~25重量份异氰酸酯加入到步骤一中所述反应釜,在氮气保护下加热80~90℃反应2~4小时,所述异氰酸酯为1,5-萘二异氰酸酯;
步骤三:将步骤二中所述反应釜降温至50~60℃,加入0.5~2重量份催化剂、以及4~8重量份扩链剂,保温3~5小时;
步骤四:将1~3重量份稳定剂加入到步骤三中反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至120℃、保温20~30分钟固化得到高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中催化剂为辛酸亚锡或二丁基锡二月桂酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中扩链剂包括1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、乙二胺、二乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或多种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高密度聚氨酯泡棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中稳定剂为硅油。
5.一种按照权利要求1~4中任一项制备方法制备得到的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
6.一种泡棉胶带,其包括基材层、设于所述基材层表面的粘接层及离型膜,所述粘接层夹设于所述基材层与所述离型膜之间,其特征在于,所述基材层为权利要求5所述的高密度聚氨酯泡棉。
7.根据权利要求6所述的泡棉胶带,其特征在于,所述粘接层由丙烯酸型胶粘剂涂覆于所述基材层制得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的泡棉胶带,其特征在于,所述泡棉胶带的厚度为0.2~0.5mm,所述基材层的厚度为0.1~0.4mm。
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