WO2009119145A1 - 導波路型半導体光変調器及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
導波路型半導体光変調器及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119145A1 WO2009119145A1 PCT/JP2009/050845 JP2009050845W WO2009119145A1 WO 2009119145 A1 WO2009119145 A1 WO 2009119145A1 JP 2009050845 W JP2009050845 W JP 2009050845W WO 2009119145 A1 WO2009119145 A1 WO 2009119145A1
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- layer
- waveguide
- optical
- optical modulator
- type semiconductor
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Classifications
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- G02F1/017—Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device, and more particularly to a high output semiconductor light emitting device.
- wavelength multiplexing technique for multiplexing and transmitting a plurality of signal lights having different wavelengths is widely used.
- the key component in an optical transmitter for a wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber communication system is an external optical modulator.
- the external optical modulator is capable of high-speed optical modulation, its signal light wavelength dependency is small, and unnecessary optical phase modulation (wavelength chirping) that causes deterioration of the received optical waveform during long-distance signal transmission Is desired to be small.
- an MZ type optical intensity modulator in which an optical waveguide type optical phase modulator is incorporated in a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) optical interferometer is suitable.
- LiN lithium niobate
- An MZ optical interferometer is configured.
- An electrode for applying an electric field to the waveguide type optical phase modulator is provided in the vicinity thereof.
- Current LN-based MZ type optical intensity modulator is commercialized, its size (electrode length: about 5 cm, module length: about 15cm) to and drive voltage (about 5V p-p) problem is.
- the size electrode length: about 5 cm, module length: about 15cm
- drive voltage about 5V p-p
- the propagation wavelength of the modulated RF signal is the optical phase in the LZ-based MZ type optical intensity modulator.
- the length is shortened to a level that cannot be ignored with respect to the electrode length of the modulator region (interaction length between the modulated optical signal and the modulated RF signal). For this reason, the potential distribution of the electrode structure, which is a means for applying an electric field to the optical phase modulator, can no longer be considered uniform in the longitudinal axis direction.
- the electrode structure In order to correctly estimate the light modulation characteristics, it is necessary to handle the electrode structure as a microwave transmission path and the modulated RF signal transmitted there as a traveling wave. In that case, the respective phase velocities v o and v m are made as close as possible to each other (phase velocity matching) so that the effective interaction length between the modulated optical signal propagating in the optical phase modulator region and the modulated RF signal can be obtained as much as possible. ) A so-called traveling wave electrode structure is required.
- III-V group compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphorus (InP) are used for the optical waveguide type optical phase modulator and MZ type optical intensity modulator.
- GaAs gallium arsenide
- InP indium phosphorus
- a medium in which the (complex) refractive index varies with the electric field strength is defined as an undoped optical waveguide core layer.
- a pin-type diode structure single mode optical waveguide is practical.
- a p-type semiconductor having a conductivity lower than that of an n-type semiconductor is generally used as a cladding layer.
- the (complex) characteristic impedance (absolute value) of the transmission line that affects the modulated RF signal is reduced to about 20 ⁇ .
- This characteristic impedance (absolute value thereof) is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the typical characteristic impedance (50 ⁇ ) of the microwave circuit. This causes deterioration of the modulation frequency band due to reflection due to impedance mismatch and an increase in power consumption of the drive circuit when the modulated RF signal output from the drive circuit is excited to the optical modulator as the transmission line.
- the effective refractive index n m ( c 0 /
- Such phase velocity mismatch between the modulated signal light and the modulated RF signal reduces the effective interaction length between the two, and as in the case of the impedance mismatch described above, the modulation frequency band and the drive voltage are reduced. Problems arise.
- the p-type semiconductor has a larger light absorption coefficient than the n-type semiconductor. Therefore, when it is used as a cladding layer of a long optical waveguide element such as a traveling wave type optical modulator, it tends to cause an increase in insertion loss due to attenuation of the modulated optical signal.
- the pin type diode structure is used to reduce the operating voltage and increase the bandwidth when the optical waveguide type optical phase modulator and the electroabsorption type optical intensity modulator are formed as traveling wave type electrode structures. I have a problem.
- a bias voltage is applied as it is to the nn stacked structure, carriers are injected into the undoped layer all at once, so that an essential electric field cannot be applied to the undoped layer.
- a semi-insulating (SI) semiconductor layer doped with an impurity having an electron capturing ability is sandwiched between an undoped optical waveguide core layer and an n-type cladding layer. It is necessary to have an SI-in type stacked structure.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports an InP-based semiconductor MZ light intensity modulator.
- a pair of waveguide type optical phase modulator regions constituting the semiconductor MZ optical variable intensity modulator has an n-InP upper cladding layer, an SI-InP layer, and transition wavelengths between the first quantum orders of electron-heavy holes.
- This waveguide is processed into a mesa stripe shape with a width of 2 ⁇ m using a dry etching technique, and both sides thereof are embedded with a SiN film and a low dielectric constant resin (benzocyclobutene: BCB).
- BCB low dielectric constant resin
- Patent Document 1 can be cited as a related technique of the present invention.
- the carrier density of the undoped group III-V compound semiconductor used as the optical waveguide core layer is about 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 for n-type.
- the SI semiconductor layer characterized by the electron capture ability behaves in the same manner as a p-type semiconductor having an impurity concentration equal to the electron capture density except for the difference in Fermi level. That is, it is considered that a phenomenon similar to that of the pn junction occurs near the interface where the undoped optical waveguide core layer and the SI semiconductor layer are stacked.
- the average electron capture density of the SI semiconductor layer that can be actually produced is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 2 ⁇ 10 in InP crystal-grown by a widely used metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method. It is about 17 cm ⁇ 3 . That is, it is only about one digit larger than the carrier density of the undoped optical waveguide core layer.
- MOVPE metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- the electric field strength in the undoped optical waveguide core layer contributing to actual optical modulation is reduced due to the manufacturing method. It tends to be lower than that of the in-layer structure. As a result, in order to obtain the same light modulation efficiency per unit length, it is necessary to increase the drive voltage. In addition, since no effective solution is known, a practical n-SI-in-type stacked semiconductor optical modulator has not been realized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a traveling wave type semiconductor optical phase modulator that can improve the n-SI-in type stacked structure and can be driven at high speed and low voltage.
- a waveguide-type semiconductor optical modulator includes: A semiconductor substrate; First and second n-type cladding layers formed on the semiconductor substrate; An undoped optical waveguide core layer and an electron trap layer formed between the first and second n-type cladding layers; A hole supply layer is formed between the undoped optical waveguide core layer and the electron trap layer.
- a traveling wave type semiconductor optical phase modulator capable of being driven at high speed and low voltage can be provided by improving the n-SI-in type stacked structure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the operation principle of the present invention.
- 1A shows an energy band structure of a pin type stacked structure
- FIG. 1B shows an energy band structure of an n-SI pin type stacked structure according to the present invention
- FIG. (C) is a diagram showing an energy band structure of an n-SI-in type stacked structure.
- the electric field strength of the undoped optical waveguide core layer was improved by suppressing the potential gradient inside the SI semiconductor layer as compared with FIG. 1C.
- the undoped optical waveguide core layer (i layer) and the SI semiconductor layer (SI layer) has a higher electron trapping capacity between the undoped optical waveguide core layer (i layer) and the SI semiconductor layer (SI layer) than that of the SI semiconductor layer, thereby affecting the optical waveguide characteristics.
- a hole supply layer that is thin enough to be ignored in practical use is formed.
- This thin hole supply layer makes the potential gradient formed toward the inside of the SI semiconductor layer from the contact interface between the undoped optical waveguide core layer and the SI semiconductor layer more steep in the n-SI-in type stacked structure.
- an effect equivalent to effectively reducing the thickness of the depletion layer extending into the SI semiconductor layer is brought about.
- the carrier density of the hole supply layer must be larger than both the carrier density of the undoped optical waveguide core layer and the electron capture density of the SI semiconductor layer.
- a p-type semiconductor layer doped with a p-type impurity is suitable as the hole supply layer.
- this material also has the above-mentioned problem of impurity light absorption.
- the layer thickness setting is also important. Therefore, it is considered that the impurity concentration of the hole supply layer is about 4 ⁇ 10 17 to 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 1 and the thickness is about 10 to 20 nm as a practical range.
- a thin diffusion prevention layer between them. Specifically, it is effective to dope silicon (Si) and / or ruthenium (Ru), which are expected to have an effect of suppressing the solid-phase diffusion of p-type impurities in the group III-V semiconductor. It is also effective to use a hole supply layer doped with carbon (C) as a p-type impurity that is considered to have relatively small solid phase diffusion even in the MOVPE method. Further, beryllium (Be) may be used as a p-type impurity by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), which is small enough that the solid phase diffusion of impurities is practically negligible.
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- n-SI-i-n layered structure of the modulated RF signal Even if an extremely thin hole supply layer is introduced, it is hardly damaged. Therefore, the realization of the phase velocity matching state is easy as in the case of the n-SI-in type stacked structure.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2A is a plan view
- FIG. 2B is a IIB-IIB sectional view of FIG. 2A
- FIG. 2C is a IIC-IIC sectional view of FIG. 2A.
- the striped optical waveguide 111 on the semi-insulating semiconductor substrate 101 is embedded with the embedded layer 112 and the embedded contact layer 113.
- the striped optical waveguide 111 includes a buffer layer 102, a lower cladding layer 103, an undoped optical waveguide core layer 104, a diffusion prevention layer 105, a hole supply layer 106, an electron trapping layer 107, an upper cladding layer 108, and a contact layer 109. It has.
- a buffer layer 102, a lower cladding layer 103, an undoped optical waveguide core layer 104, a diffusion prevention layer 105, a hole supply layer 106, an electron trapping layer are sequentially formed on the semi-insulating semiconductor substrate 101 from the bottom.
- 107, the upper cladding layer 108, and the contact layer 109 are successively formed by the first crystal growth.
- a stripe-shaped optical waveguide 111 is formed by providing a stripe-shaped etching stop film 110 on the surface and etching.
- the stripe-shaped optical waveguide 111 is buried with the buried layer 112 and the buried contact layer 113 in the second crystal growth to form a so-called high resistance buried hetero (SI-BH) structure.
- SI-BH high resistance buried hetero
- an etching stop film 114 is formed on this surface, and the buried layer 112 and the buried contact layer 113 are etched to a desired width. Subsequently, an insulating film 116 is provided on the surface, an opening is provided in the vicinity of the contact layer 109, and then an electrode film is formed over the entire surface. Subsequently, the electrode film is separated into an upper electrode 117 and a lower electrode 118 by photolithography and etching.
- the contact layer 109 and the buried contact layer 113 are partially removed in order to suppress the propagation of the modulated RF signal, and then the high resistance region 119 in which the conductivity is suppressed by ion implantation. It is said. Finally, both ends of the optical waveguide were cleaved, and the low reflection film 120 was applied to both end surfaces to form signal light incident / exit surfaces. As described above, the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C is obtained.
- This waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator has a thickness, refractive index, and stripe width of each layer so that a single mode optical waveguide can be formed for an optical signal in the wavelength band to be used (single mode waveguide condition is satisfied). The relationship is properly designed in advance. Similarly, this waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator forms a transmission line for the modulated RF signal propagating here, so that the phase velocity difference between the modulated RF signal and the modulated optical signal is within about ⁇ 10%.
- each layer is appropriately designed in advance within the range satisfying the above-mentioned single mode waveguide condition so that the difference between the characteristic impedance and the output impedance of the drive circuit is also within about ⁇ 10%. Has been.
- a modulated optical signal (not shown) incident and coupled to the end face of the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator using a lens or the like propagates along the longitudinal axis of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 104, and the opposite end face It is emitted from.
- the complex index of refraction of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 104 that gives the difference is changed.
- the rate of change depends on the energy difference between the band gap of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 104 and the optical signal.
- the intensity and phase of the signal light change according to the applied electric field while passing through the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator. Thereby, it becomes possible to operate as an optical intensity modulator or an optical phase modulator.
- a hole supply layer 106 and a diffusion prevention layer 105 that suppresses impurity solid-phase diffusion from the hole supply layer 106 to the periphery thereof are provided.
- the hole supply layer 106 suppresses the width of the depletion layer extending inside the electron trap layer 107 and realizes an effect that the drive voltage applied between the upper electrode 117 and the lower electrode 118 is efficiently applied to the undoped optical waveguide core layer 104. To do.
- each layer thickness and impurity concentration are designed to be thin enough that the absorption of the modulated optical signal can be ignored in practical use. As a result, it is possible to operate as an ideal traveling wave type optical phase modulator that achieves both the above-described speed matching and impedance matching and is driven at a lower voltage.
- Example 1 As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, an n-InP buffer layer 102, an n-InP lower clad layer 103 (thickness: 1.5 ⁇ m), in order from the bottom onto a semi-insulating semiconductor substrate 101 made of InP, Undoped AlGaInAs / AlGaInAs multiple quantum well structure undoped optical waveguide core layer 104 (well thickness 10 nm, well layer 12 layer, barrier layer thickness 10 nm, transition wavelength 1370 nm), Si + Ru co-doped InP diffusion prevention layer 105 (thickness 50 nm), C-doped InP hole supply layer 106 (thickness 50 nm), Ru-doped semi-insulating InP electron trap layer 107 (thickness 700 nm), n-InP upper cla
- a striped optical waveguide 111 is formed by providing a 1.3 ⁇ m wide striped SiN etching stop film 110 on the surface and etching.
- the striped optical waveguide 111 is buried with a ruthenium (Ru) doped semi-insulating InP buried layer 112 and an n-InGaAs buried contact layer 113, so-called high resistance buried heterostructure.
- Ru ruthenium
- a SiN etching stop film 114 is formed on this surface, and the Ru-doped semi-insulating InP buried hetero layer 112 and the n-InGaAs buried contact layer 113 are etched to a desired width.
- a SiN insulating film 116 is provided on the surface, an opening is provided along the vicinity of the n-InGaAs contact layer 109, and then a Ti—Pd—Au electrode film is formed on the entire surface.
- the Ti—Pd—Au electrode film is separated into a Ti—Pd—Au upper electrode 117 and a Ti—Pd—Au lower electrode 118 by photolithography and etching.
- the n-InGaAs contact layer 109 and the n-InGaAs buried contact layer 113 are partially removed in order to suppress the propagation of the modulated RF signal, and then the conductivity is increased by Ti ion implantation.
- the suppressed high resistance region 119 is used.
- both ends of the optical waveguide were cleaved, and a low-reflection film 120 having a reflectance of 0.1% or less was applied to both end surfaces to form a signal light incident / exit surface.
- the element has a length of 2 mm and an electrode length of 1.9 mm.
- the insertion loss when a modulated optical signal having a wavelength of 1530 to 1570 nm is incident on the waveguide type optical phase modulator in the TE mode is about 3 dB, which is a practical value.
- the characteristic impedance of the traveling wave electrode with respect to the modulated RF signal was about 50 ⁇ , the modulation frequency band was 45 GHz, and the reflection was ⁇ 13 dB or less over DC to 45 GHz.
- the phase of the modulated optical signal changed by ⁇ radians over a wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm when a bias voltage of 2.5 V was applied.
- the transition wavelength of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 104 is changed to around 1490 nm, and light absorption at the time of applying an electric field is more actively used, so that a waveguide for a modulated optical signal having a wavelength of 1550 nm is used. It is also possible to operate as a type light intensity modulator.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C are a plan view and a sectional view of a waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A is a plan view
- FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line IVB-IVB in FIG. 4A
- FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line IVC-IVC in FIG. 4A.
- the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator according to the second embodiment is a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) type optical intensity modulator. As shown in FIGS.
- MZ Mach-Zehnder
- the stripe-shaped optical waveguide 211 on the semi-insulating semiconductor substrate 201 includes the buried layer 212 and the buried contact layer 213. It has a buried, so-called high resistance buried hetero (SI-BH) structure.
- the striped optical waveguide 211 includes a buffer layer 202, a lower cladding layer 203, an undoped optical waveguide core layer 204, a diffusion prevention layer 205, a hole supply layer 206, an electron trapping layer 207, an upper cladding layer 208, and a contact layer 209. It has.
- a buffer layer 202, a lower cladding layer 203, an undoped optical waveguide core layer 204, a diffusion prevention layer 205, a hole supply layer 206, and an electron trap layer are sequentially formed on the semi-insulating semiconductor substrate 201 from the bottom.
- 207, the upper cladding layer 208, and the contact layer 209 are successively formed by the first crystal growth.
- two stripe-shaped optical waveguides 211 are formed by providing and etching two stripe-shaped etching stopper films 210 on the surface.
- the stripe-shaped optical waveguide 211 is buried with the buried layer 212 and the buried contact layer 213 in the second crystal growth to form a so-called high resistance buried hetero (SI-BH) structure.
- SI-BH high resistance buried hetero
- an etching stop film 214 is formed on this surface, and the buried layer 212 and the buried contact layer 213 are etched to a desired width. Subsequently, an insulating film 215 is provided on the surface, an opening is provided in the vicinity of the contact layer, and then an electrode film is formed on the entire surface. Subsequently, the electrode film is separated into an upper electrode 217 and a lower electrode 218 by photolithography and etching.
- the contact layer 209 and the buried contact layer 213 are partially removed, and then the high resistance region 219 in which the conductivity is suppressed by ion implantation. It is said.
- a pair of striped optical waveguides 211 are connected to a two-input output multimode interference optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 221 via a bent optical waveguide 222.
- both ends of the optical waveguide were cleaved, and the signal light incident / exit surfaces were formed by applying low reflection films 220 to both end surfaces.
- the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C is obtained.
- the operation of the MZ type light intensity modulator shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C will be described. Relationship between thickness, refractive index, and stripe width of each layer so that a pair of optical phase modulator regions forms a single-mode optical waveguide for optical signals in the wavelength band to be used (single-mode waveguide conditions are satisfied) Is appropriately designed in advance. Similarly, the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator forms a transmission line for the modulated RF signal propagating therethrough so that the phase velocity difference between the modulated RF signal and the modulated optical signal is within about ⁇ 10%.
- each layer is appropriately set in advance within the range satisfying the above-mentioned single mode waveguide condition so that the difference between the characteristic impedance and the output impedance of the drive circuit is also within about ⁇ 10%. Designed.
- a modulated optical signal (not shown) incident and coupled to the end face of the MZ-type optical intensity modulator using a lens or the like propagates along the longitudinal axis of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 204, and from the opposite end face. Emitted.
- the complex index of refraction of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 204 that changes the above changes. The rate of change depends on the energy difference between the band gap of the undoped optical waveguide core layer 204 and the optical signal.
- a hole supply layer 206 and a diffusion prevention layer 205 that suppresses impurity solid-phase diffusion from there to the periphery are provided between the undoped optical waveguide core layer 204 and the electron trap layer 207.
- the hole supply layer 206 suppresses the depletion layer width extending inside the electron trap layer 207 and realizes an effect that the drive voltage applied between the upper electrode 217 and the lower electrode 218 is efficiently applied to the undoped optical waveguide core layer 204. To do.
- each layer thickness and impurity concentration are designed to be thin enough that the absorption of the modulated optical signal can be ignored in practical use. As a result, it is possible to operate as an ideal traveling wave type optical phase modulator that achieves both the above-described speed matching and impedance matching and is driven at a lower voltage.
- Example 2 the n-InP buffer layer 202, the n-InP lower cladding layer 203, the undoped AlGaInAs / AlGaInAs multiple quantum well core layer 204, the Ru + Si co-doped diffusion prevention layer 205, in order from the bottom onto the semi-insulating InP substrate 201, A C-doped hole supply layer 206, a Ru-doped semi-insulating InP electron trapping layer 207, an n-InP upper cladding layer 208, and an n-InGaAs contact layer 209 are successively formed by the first crystal growth, and then formed on the surface.
- a stripe-shaped optical waveguide 211 forming an MZ interferometer is formed by etching by providing a stripe-shaped SiN etching stop film 210, and this stripe-shaped optical waveguide 211 is formed into a Ru-doped semi-insulating InP buried layer by the second crystal growth.
- 212 and n-InGaAs buried contact layer 213 Embedded has a so-called high-resistance buried (SI-BH) structure.
- SI-BH high-resistance buried
- an SiN etching stop film 214 having a width of 8 ⁇ m is formed on this surface, and the Ru-doped semi-insulating InP buried layer 212 and the n-InGaAs buried contact layer 213 are etched. At this time, a separation groove 215 that insulates the pair of striped optical waveguides from each other is also formed. Subsequently, an SiN film 216 is provided on the surface, an opening is provided in the vicinity of the contact layer, and then a Ti—Pd—Au electrode film is formed on the entire surface.
- the electrode film is separated into a Ti—Pd—Au upper electrode 217 and a Ti—Pd—Au lower electrode 218 by photolithography and etching.
- the n-InGaAs contact layer 209 and the n-InGaAs buried contact layer 213 are partially removed and the conductivity is increased by Ti ion implantation in order to suppress the propagation of the modulated RF signal.
- the suppressed high resistance region 219 is used.
- the pair of striped optical waveguides are connected to a two-input output multimode interference optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 221 through a bent optical waveguide 222.
- both ends of the optical waveguide were cleaved, and a signal light incident / exit surface was formed by applying a low reflection film 220 having a reflectance of 0.1% or less on both end surfaces.
- the length of this element is 4.5 mm, and the interaction length between the signal light and the electrode is 1.9 mm.
- the insertion loss with respect to modulated signal light having a wavelength of 1530 to 1570 nm incident in the TE mode of this element was about 7 dB.
- the characteristic impedance of the traveling wave electrode was about 50 ⁇ , the modulation frequency band was 45 GHz, and the reflection was ⁇ 13 dB or less over DC to 45 GHz. Further, the modulated signal light having a wavelength of 1530 to 1570 nm was extinguished at a bias voltage of 2.5 V, and the extinction ratio was 15 dB.
- the first effect of the present invention is inherently possessed by an n-SI-in type stacked structure, which is a doping profile that is expected to be ideal for high-speed, low-loss optical modulation as a traveling-wave semiconductor optical phase modulator. It can solve the problem of low electric field strength.
- the reason is that a potential gradient inside the SI semiconductor layer is suppressed by newly inserting a hole supply layer having a higher electron capture capability than that of the SI semiconductor layer between the undoped optical waveguide core layer and the SI semiconductor layer. This is because an externally applied voltage is effectively applied to the undoped optical waveguide core layer.
- the second effect of the present invention is that, in realizing the first effect, the ideal high-speed and low-loss optical modulation that was an advantage of the n-SI-in-type stacked structure is not impaired.
- the reason is that the first effect can be realized with a structure that is thin enough to practically ignore the influence on the optical waveguide characteristics.
- the third effect of the present invention is that it is highly practical because a special process facility or the like is not required for realizing the present invention.
- the reason is that when the crystal structure of the laminated structure of the optical waveguide is grown, the structure is completely the same except that a very thin hole supply layer and diffusion prevention layer are newly added. Because there is no need.
- the waveguide type semiconductor optical modulator according to the present invention has an increase in driving voltage, which has been a problem in realizing an ultrahigh-speed optical modulator and its integrated optical device particularly for a trunk optical fiber communication system.
- the manufacturing process remains the same without using special parts or other components.
- the present invention provides a structure that can be improved, and enables further miniaturization, higher speed, and lower power consumption of the next generation optical fiber communication system.
- the semiconductor light-emitting device can be used particularly for a high-power semiconductor light-emitting device.
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Abstract
Description
半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板上に形成された第1及び第2のn型クラッド層と、
前記第1及び第2のn型クラッド層間に形成されたアンドープ光導波路コア層及び電子捕獲層とを備え、
前記アンドープ光導波路コア層と前記電子捕獲層との間に正孔供給層が形成されていることを特徴とするものである。
102、202 バッファ層
103、203 下部クラッド層
104、204 アンドープ光導波路コア層
105、205 拡散防止層
106、206 正孔供給層
107、207 電子捕獲層
108、208 上部クラッド層
109、209 コンタクト層
110、114、210、214 エッチング阻止膜
111、211 ストライプ状光導波路
112、212 埋め込み層
113、213 埋め込みコンタクト層
116、216 絶縁膜
117、217 上部電極
118、218 下部電極
119、219 高抵抗化領域
120、220 低反射膜
215 分離溝
221 光合分波器
222 曲がり光導波路
次に、本発明の第1の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図2A乃至Cは、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る導波路型半導体光変調器の平面図及び断面図である。図2Aは平面図、図2Bは図2AのIIB-IIB断面図、図2Cは図2AのIIC-IIC断面図である。図2A乃至Cに示すように、第1の実施の形態に係る導波路型半導体光変調器は、半絶縁性半導体基板101上のストライプ状光導波路111が埋め込み層112及び埋め込みコンタクト層113で埋め込まれた、いわゆる高抵抗埋め込みヘテロ(SI-BH)構造を有する。ここで、ストライプ状光導波路111は、バッファ層102、下部クラッド層103、アンドープ光導波路コア層104、拡散防止層105、正孔供給層106、電子捕獲層107、上部クラッド層108、コンタクト層109を備えている。
次に、本発明の第2の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図4A乃至Cは、本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る導波路型半導体光変調器の平面図及び断面図である。図4Aは平面図、図4Bは図4AのIVB-IVB断面図、図4Bは図4AのIVC-IVC断面図である。第2の実施の形態に係る導波路型半導体光変調器は、マッハ・ツェンダー(MZ)型光強度変調器である。また、図4A乃至Cに示すように、第2の実施の形態に係るMZ型光強度変調器は、半絶縁性半導体基板201上のストライプ状光導波路211が埋め込み層212及び埋め込みコンタクト層213で埋め込まれた、いわゆる高抵抗埋め込みヘテロ(SI-BH)構造を有する。ここで、ストライプ状光導波路211は、バッファ層202、下部クラッド層203、アンドープ光導波路コア層204、拡散防止層205、正孔供給層206、電子捕獲層207、上部クラッド層208、コンタクト層209を備えている。
Claims (11)
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板上に形成された第1及び第2のn型クラッド層と、
前記第1及び第2のn型クラッド層間に形成されたアンドープ光導波路コア層及び電子捕獲層とを備え、
前記アンドープ光導波路コア層と前記電子捕獲層との間に正孔供給層が形成されていることを特徴とする導波路型半導体光変調器。 - 前記アンドープ光導波路コア層は、印加された電場強度に応じて信号光に対する複素屈折率が変化することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 前記正孔供給層と前記アンドープ光導波路コア層との間に、不純物拡散防止層が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 前記不純物拡散防止層が、シリコン(Si)又はルテニウム(Ru)をドーピングされた半導体であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 前記正孔供給層が、p型不純物をドーピングされた半導体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 前記正孔供給層が、電子捕獲能を発現する不純物及びp型不純物を共ドーピングされた半導体であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 前記電子捕獲層が、鉄(Fe)あるいはルテニウム(Ru)をドーピングされた半絶縁性半導体又はp型不純物をドーピングされたp型半導体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- ストライプ状光導波路が、マッハ・ツェンダー型光変調器の光位相変調器領域を成すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 埋め込みヘテロ構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 前記半導体基板上に波長可変光源をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型半導体光変調器。
- 半導体基板上に第1及び第2のn型クラッド層を形成し、
前記第1及び第2のn型クラッド層間にアンドープ光導波路コア層及び電子捕獲層を形成し、
前記アンドープ光導波路コア層と前記電子捕獲層との間に正孔供給層を形成する導波路型半導体光変調器の製造方法。
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JP2014085533A (ja) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 半導体光変調素子 |
JP2015212768A (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電界吸収型変調器および集積化tw−ea−dfbレーザ |
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WO2009119145A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | 導波路型半導体光変調器及びその製造方法 |
US20100284645A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Semiconductor thermooptic phase shifter |
JP5880145B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-02 | 2016-03-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体光変調器 |
US8909002B2 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-12-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Light modulator, optical pickup, and light modulation module |
KR102163885B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-14 | 2020-10-13 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 전계흡수 광변조 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
US10062402B1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-08-28 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | Waveguide including first and second layers and manufacturing method thereof |
US10962811B2 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-03-30 | Sifotonics Technologies Co., Ltd. | Monolithic electro-optical modulator with comb-shaped transmission line |
JP7434843B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-28 | 2024-02-21 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 光導波路素子、光変調器、光変調モジュール、及び光送信装置 |
US11256114B2 (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2022-02-22 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | Semiconductor device and method of making |
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US20110002575A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
JPWO2009119145A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
US8300991B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
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