WO2009118940A1 - 音響変換器用振動板、および音響変換器 - Google Patents
音響変換器用振動板、および音響変換器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009118940A1 WO2009118940A1 PCT/JP2008/069946 JP2008069946W WO2009118940A1 WO 2009118940 A1 WO2009118940 A1 WO 2009118940A1 JP 2008069946 W JP2008069946 W JP 2008069946W WO 2009118940 A1 WO2009118940 A1 WO 2009118940A1
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- diaphragm
- acoustic transducer
- damping layer
- base
- resin
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
- H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
- H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
- H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
- H04R7/14—Non-planar diaphragms or cones corrugated, pleated or ribbed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/26—Damping by means acting directly on free portion of diaphragm or cone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2307/027—Diaphragms comprising metallic materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer and an acoustic transducer.
- a small speaker diaphragm used for small devices such as mobile phones for example, see Patent Document 1.
- a small diaphragm for example, a sheet produced by hot press molding a sheet of polyethylene or the like is known.
- a diaphragm formed by providing an elastomer layer on one or both sides of a resin base material is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer used in a mobile phone or the like a diaphragm provided with a rib is known in order to suppress the occurrence of divided vibration (including divided resonance).
- this rib is press-molded by a mold, but if the adhesiveness between the diaphragm and the mold is relatively high, the moldability of the rib deteriorates (reproducibility decreases), and a plurality of diaphragms There may be variations in the division vibration suppression performance between the two. For this reason, a diaphragm having a relatively high releasability between the diaphragm and the mold is desired.
- the minimum resonance frequency (F0) is relatively small
- the loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) is relatively large
- the diaphragm weight is relatively small, and the like.
- a diaphragm material having a relatively low storage modulus is used for vibration so that the lowest resonance frequency of the diaphragm is relatively small. It is necessary to produce a plate and it is difficult to satisfy the above requirements. Therefore, a diaphragm having a relatively low minimum resonance frequency (F0) and a relatively large loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) is desired. In addition, a relatively lightweight diaphragm having these characteristics is desired.
- the present invention is an example of a problem to deal with such a problem. That is, providing a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer having a relatively high heat dissipation action, providing a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer having a relatively high releasability, a relatively low minimum resonance frequency (F0), and loss
- An object of the present invention is to provide a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer having a relatively large tangent (tan ⁇ ), to provide an acoustic transducer including the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer, and the like.
- the present invention has at least the following features.
- the diaphragm for an acoustic transducer according to the present invention is a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer having a base and a damping layer formed on one or both sides of the base, wherein the damping layer is a particle having a heat dissipation function.
- the vibration damping layer has a peelability from the substrate.
- the acoustic transducer diaphragm has a storage elastic modulus smaller than the storage elastic modulus of the base of the acoustic transducer diaphragm.
- the acoustic transducer diaphragm has a loss tangent greater than a loss tangent of the base of the acoustic transducer diaphragm.
- the acoustic transducer includes a diaphragm for the acoustic transducer, a vibrating body including a voice coil supported by the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer, a frame that supports the vibrating body so as to freely vibrate, and the voice coil. And a magnetic circuit in which a magnetic gap is formed to be loosely fitted.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure for demonstrating the acoustic transducer (speaker device) which employ
- (A) is a front view of an acoustic transducer (speaker device)
- B) is a sectional view of the acoustic transducer (speaker device) shown in FIG.
- (A) is an expanded sectional view of the diaphragm for acoustic transducers according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- (B) is an enlarged sectional view of the diaphragm for acoustic transducers according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- (C) is an expanded sectional view of the diaphragm for acoustic transducers according to the third embodiment of the present invention
- (D) is an enlarged sectional view of the diaphragm for acoustic transducers according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method which concerns on one Embodiment of the diaphragm for acoustic transducers shown to FIG.
- FIG. 2 (A), (B) is the metal mold press molding shown to (A). It is sectional drawing of the produced vibration for acoustic transducers.
- (A) is a figure for demonstrating the measuring apparatus 50 and the diaphragm 1
- (B) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the measuring apparatus 50 whole.
- (A) is a figure for demonstrating the frequency characteristic of the acceleration of the vibration of the diaphragm by the measuring apparatus 50
- (B) is for demonstrating the measuring method of a Young's modulus (E ') and internal loss (tan-delta).
- FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the temperature characteristic of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan-delta)) of PPSU.
- (B) is a figure which shows the temperature characteristic of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan-delta)) of a high blur (HYB).
- (A) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ')) of PEN
- (B) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of PEN
- (C) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ')) of PEI
- (D) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan-delta)) of PEI.
- (A) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of PPSU's Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus)
- (B) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the internal loss (loss tangent) of PPSU
- (C) is a base and a control. It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the diaphragm which has a vibration layer
- (D) shows the frequency characteristic of the internal loss (loss tangent) of the diaphragm which has a base
- (E) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the diaphragm which has the base
- (F ) Is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of internal loss (loss tangent) of a diaphragm having a base (PA) and a damping layer (PB) containing heat-radiating functional particles (PC).
- (A) is a figure which shows the sound pressure frequency characteristic of the diaphragm which has a base
- B) contains a base
- An acoustic transducer diaphragm is a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer having a base and a damping layer formed on one or both sides of the base, and the damping layer has a heat dissipation function.
- the vibration-damping layer is characterized by having a peelability from the substrate.
- An acoustic transducer includes a diaphragm for the acoustic transducer, a vibrating body including a voice coil supported by the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer, and a frame that supports the vibrating body in a freely vibrating manner. And a magnetic circuit having a magnetic gap in which the voice coil is loosely fitted, and the vibration plate for the acoustic transducer has at least a damping layer including particles having a heat dissipation function on the magnetic circuit side from the base. It is characterized by.
- the acoustic transducer diaphragm includes particles having a heat dissipation function in the vibration damping layer, and therefore can provide an acoustic transducer diaphragm having a relatively high heat radiation function, and the vibration damping layer is peelable from the substrate.
- the loss tangent of the acoustic transducer diaphragm can be increased.
- the acoustic transducer is provided with an acoustic transducer having a relatively high heat radiating effect because the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer has a damping layer containing at least particles having a heat radiating function on the magnetic circuit side from the base. can do.
- the acoustic transducer diaphragm has a storage elastic modulus smaller than that of the base of the acoustic transducer diaphragm. Since the storage elastic modulus of the acoustic transducer diaphragm is smaller than the storage elastic modulus of the base body of the acoustic transducer diaphragm, it is possible to provide the acoustic transducer diaphragm having a relatively low minimum resonance frequency.
- the acoustic transducer diaphragm has a loss tangent greater than a loss tangent of the base of the acoustic transducer diaphragm.
- the acoustic transducer diaphragm has a relatively large loss tangent and a relatively small storage elastic modulus because the loss tangent is larger than the loss tangent of the base of the acoustic transducer diaphragm. Can be provided.
- the storage elastic modulus of the acoustic transducer diaphragm is smaller than the storage elastic modulus of the acoustic transducer diaphragm, and the loss tangent of the acoustic transducer diaphragm is the loss tangent of the acoustic transducer diaphragm base. Larger acoustic transducer diaphragms can have a relatively low minimum resonance frequency and have a relatively large loss tangent.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an acoustic transducer (speaker device) employing a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a front view of an acoustic transducer (speaker device)
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic transducer (speaker device) shown in FIG.
- Examples of the acoustic transducer include a speaker device and a microphone.
- a speaker device will be described as an example of the acoustic transducer according to this embodiment.
- the speaker device 100 includes a vibrating body 10, a magnetic circuit 2, and a frame 6.
- the vibrating body 10 corresponds to an embodiment of the vibrating body according to the present invention
- the magnetic circuit 2 corresponds to an embodiment of the magnetic circuit 2 according to the present invention
- the frame 6 corresponds to an embodiment of the frame according to the present invention. Equivalent to.
- the vibrating body 10 includes an acoustic transducer diaphragm (diaphragm) 1, a voice coil 15, and an edge portion 3.
- the diaphragm 1 corresponds to an embodiment of the diaphragm for an acoustic transducer according to the present invention.
- the diaphragm 1 is formed in a prescribed shape such as a dome shape, a cone shape, a flat plate shape, or a circular shape.
- the diaphragm 1 according to the present embodiment is formed in a dome shape as shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B). More specifically, the diaphragm 1 has a diaphragm portion formed at the center portion of the diaphragm and an edge portion 3 formed at the outer peripheral portion of the diaphragm portion.
- the diaphragm portion and the edge portion 3 of the diaphragm 1 may be integrally formed or may be formed by separate members.
- the edge portion 3 has a radial cross-sectional shape that is concave or convex, and the edge outer peripheral portion is fixed to the frame 6 with an adhesive or the like and supported. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the edge portion 3 according to the present embodiment has a radial cross-sectional shape that is convex in the acoustic radiation direction (SD). The edge portion 3 is formed to be deformable in accordance with the vibration of the diaphragm 1. In the present embodiment, the edge portion 3 includes an edge main body portion 5 and a flange 9. A flange 9 formed on the outer peripheral portion of the roll-shaped edge main body 5 is fixed to the frame 6. Further, reinforcing ribs 7 are formed on the edge body 5.
- the rib 7 is formed by press molding, for example, and is formed in a prescribed shape such as a protrusion shape or a groove shape, and is substantially along the radial direction in a range excluding the vicinity of the inner peripheral portion and the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the edge portion 3. Is formed.
- the characteristics such as the compliance of the edge portion 3 can be defined to a predetermined value.
- the acoustic characteristics of the diaphragm are further improved.
- the shape of the edge part 3 is not restricted to the said form, You may form in various shapes.
- the voice coil 15 is supported by the diaphragm 1 and loosely fitted in the magnetic gap 2G of the magnetic circuit 2.
- the voice coil 15 according to the present embodiment is fixed to the voice coil support portion formed on the diaphragm 1 with an adhesive or the like.
- the voice coil 15 is disposed between the diaphragm main body and the edge portion 3, and more specifically, the diaphragm main body and the edge. It is arranged in a groove-shaped part formed between the parts 3.
- the voice coil 15 is not limited to this form.
- the voice coil 15 may be directly fixed to the diaphragm 1 with an adhesive or the like.
- the magnetic circuit 2 is supported by a frame 6 and is disposed on the opposite side to the acoustic radiation direction (SD) of the diaphragm 1.
- SD acoustic radiation direction
- an inner magnet type magnetic circuit, an outer magnet type magnetic circuit, or the like can be adopted.
- the magnetic circuit 2 according to the present embodiment employs an inner magnet side magnetic circuit.
- the magnetic circuit 2 includes a plate 21, a magnet 22, and a yoke 23 as shown in FIG.
- the yoke 23 is made of, for example, a material such as iron, metal, or alloy, and has a substantially U-shaped cross section.
- the magnet 22 is formed in a flat plate shape and disposed on the yoke 23.
- the magnet 22 is formed of a permanent magnet such as neodymium, samarium / cobalt, alnico, ferrite, rare earth, or ferrite magnet. It is magnetized along the acoustic radiation direction (SD).
- the plate 21 is made of, for example, a material such as iron, metal, or alloy, and the cross-sectional shape is formed in a flat plate shape and is disposed on the magnet 22.
- a magnetic gap 2G is formed between the plate 21 and the yoke 23, and the voice coil 15 is loosely fitted in the magnetic gap 2G.
- the frame 6 is made of a known material such as iron, metal, or resin, and supports the diaphragm 1, the magnetic circuit 2, and the like. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1B, the magnetic circuit 2 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the frame 6, and the outer peripheral portion of the diaphragm 1 is connected to the upper end portion on the outer peripheral side via the edge portion 3. I support it.
- the audio signal when an audio signal is input from a terminal portion (not shown) formed in the frame 6, the audio signal is input to the voice coil 15 loosely fitted in the magnetic gap 2 ⁇ / b> G of the magnetic circuit 2.
- the Lorentz force is generated in the voice coil 15 in response to the signal, and the diaphragm 1 vibrates in response to the Lorentz force, and the reproduced sound is radiated in the acoustic radiation direction (SD).
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the diaphragm for an acoustic transducer according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2B is a vibration for the acoustic transducer according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (C) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a diaphragm for an acoustic transducer according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 (D) is a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded sectional view of the diaphragm for acoustic transducers.
- the diaphragm 1 has a base 11 and a damping layer 12.
- the base 11 corresponds to an embodiment of the base according to the present invention
- the damping layer 12 corresponds to an embodiment of the damping layer according to the present invention.
- the vibration plate 1 has, for example, a vibration-damping layer 12 formed on one side or both sides of a film-like substrate 11 having a low Young's modulus (low storage modulus).
- the storage elastic modulus (E ′) is referred to as Young's modulus
- the loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) is referred to as internal loss.
- the substrate 11 preferably has a Young's modulus (E ′) of about 2.499 GPa or less, for example.
- the damping layer 12 contains a damping elastomer, a charge-suppressing filler, and the like. As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, the damping layer 12 may be a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PEI polyetherimide
- the input resistance is, for example, that when the current value input to the voice coil increases, the amplitude and vibration speed of the voice coil also increase.
- the air resistance acting on the diaphragm (proportional to the vibration speed of the diaphragm). ) Also increases, and the diaphragm may be deformed such as dents due to the action of air resistance. Due to the deformation of the diaphragm, there are cases where abnormal noise is generated and the acoustic characteristics are lowered.
- the base 11 has a low Young's modulus base that is an intermediate value between a resin base having a general Young's modulus and an elastomer material, specifically, a Young's modulus of about 2.35 GPa. Since the substrate 11 has the vibration damping layer 12 containing the vibration damping elastomer, filler, etc., low F0, high internal loss, and low distortion can be obtained. That is, even if the vibration plate 1 is provided with the vibration damping layer 12 containing the vibration damping elastomer, the heat radiation functional particles, the charge suppressing filler, etc. on one surface or both surfaces of the substrate 11, the substrate 11 is made of a low Young's modulus material. Since it is formed, low F0, high internal loss, and low distortion can be obtained.
- the substrate 11 is made of a material having a low Young's modulus, for example, preferably a Young's modulus of 2.499 GPa or less.
- the base 11 according to the present embodiment employs a material having a Young's modulus of about 2.35 GPa.
- the substrate 11 is formed in a film shape, for example, and has a film thickness of about 6 ⁇ m to about 1000 ⁇ m. Preferably, the substrate 11 has a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness is preferably about 7 ⁇ m to 19 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness is not limited to the above form, and is appropriately set depending on the film thickness and acoustic characteristics of the base 11, the damping layer 12, and the diaphragm 1.
- substrate 11 you may employ
- a mixture of resin materials having different internal loss peak temperatures or glass transition temperatures such as a mixture of a polysulfone resin having a glass transition temperature of about 200 ° C. and a polyurethane resin material having a glass transition temperature of about 130 ° C. It does not matter. Further, it may be a copolymer having a plurality of polymers having different internal loss peak temperatures or different glass transition temperatures as structural units.
- Diaphragm 1 including base 11 employing an aromatic resin material has relatively high heat resistance (relatively high glass transition temperature), relatively large tensile strength (due to orientation), and the like.
- the diaphragm 1 can have a relatively large loss tangent by adopting an aliphatic resin for the damping layer 12.
- the diaphragm 1 including the base body 11 using the polysulfone resin material has a relatively large internal loss (loss tangent) and a relatively small Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) as compared with polyetherimide and polyethylene naphthalate. And good acoustic characteristics can be obtained.
- the diaphragm 1 including the base body 11 using a mixture of resin materials having different glass transition temperatures can have a relatively small Young's modulus (storage modulus) and a relatively large internal loss (loss tangent). Good acoustic characteristics can be obtained.
- the diaphragm 1 since each resin material has a different glass transition temperature, the diaphragm 1 can have a relatively high internal loss (loss tangent) from a low temperature to a high temperature, and acoustics can be generated by changes in the surrounding environment (changes in temperature). It can suppress that a characteristic changes a lot.
- the substrate 11 may be formed so that a structural unit includes a thermoplastic resin containing an aromatic nucleus bond, a sulfone bond, an ether bond, or a phenyl bond as one of the forming materials.
- the damping layer 12 is formed on one side of the base 11 or both sides of the base 11.
- the damping layer 12 includes, for example, particles (filler) having a heat dissipation function.
- the damping layer 12 is, for example, an aliphatic resin, specifically, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, a mixture of polypropylene and styrene resin, a polyester resin, a polyether resin, a silicon resin, a polyamide resin, ethylene -Copolymers of vinyl acetate rubber, polymethacrylate resins, mixtures thereof, copolymers and the like can be employed.
- the damping layer 12 has a structure in which a plurality of resin materials having different internal loss peak temperatures or glass transition temperatures are selected and mixed, or a plurality of polymers having different internal loss peak temperatures or glass transition temperatures. A copolymer as a unit may be used.
- the damping layer 12 when the damping layer 12 is formed of a mixture of the resin A having a high internal loss peak temperature and the resin B having a low internal loss peak temperature, in a temperature range lower than the peak temperature of the resin A, Although the internal loss of the resin A is greatly reduced, since the peak temperature of the resin B is lower than the peak temperature of the resin A, it is possible to compensate for the decrease in the internal loss of the resin A. It can be kept relatively large over a relatively wide temperature range.
- the damping layer 12 for example, a mixture or copolymer of polypropylene and a styrene resin can be employed. More specifically, the vibration damping layer 12 may employ, for example, Kuraray Co., Ltd. styrene-based thermoplastic resin trade name HIBLER 5127 (HYB).
- the particles having a heat dissipation function for example, mica, silicon oxide or the like can be employed.
- the particles having the heat radiation function in the vibration damping layer, the diaphragm 1 having a relatively high heat radiation action can be obtained. Further, by suppressing the temperature of the diaphragm 1 from being increased, it is possible to suppress deterioration of acoustic characteristics due to heat.
- the vibration damping layer 12 may contain particles (filler) having a charge suppressing function.
- a material such as tin oxide can be used as the particles having a charge suppressing function.
- the particles having a heat dissipation function or the charge suppressing function include carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, synthetic silicic acid and silicate, zinc white, halocyto clay, kaolin, basic carbonic acid.
- examples include magnesium, mica, talc, quartz powder, wollastonite, dolomite powder, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and alumina.
- particles having a heat dissipation function can also be adopted as particles having a charge-suppressing function, and a relatively large uneven portion is formed on the surface of the diaphragm 1 so as to have releasability.
- metal element-containing fine particles can also be adopted, and the metal element-containing fine particles may be present separately on the surface of the substrate. A network structure or a mixed structure thereof may be used.
- the damping layer 12 is formed in a film shape, for example, and has a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the damping layer 12 is preferably about 0.4 to about 1.5 times that of the base 11, for example.
- the loss tangent of the diaphragm 1 becomes relatively large, and unnecessary vibration generated in the diaphragm 1 is sufficiently mitigated. be able to.
- the diaphragm 1 has a damping layer 12 formed on the side opposite to the acoustic radiation direction SD from the base 11, specifically, on the magnetic circuit side. If this is the case, this configuration is preferable because the heat dissipation (vibration) and vibration damping performance of the diaphragm 1 are relatively high.
- the diaphragm 1A includes a damping layer 12 (121) on the acoustic radiation direction (SD) side of the base 11, and a damping layer 12 (122) on the opposite side. Higher heat dissipation and vibration control can be obtained.
- the damping layer 12 has a laminated structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated. Among the plurality of layers of the damping layer 12, the layer formed on the base side is compared with the layer formed on the magnetic circuit side.
- the particle density with heat dissipation function is small.
- the density here means, for example, the ratio of the total weight of particles having a heat dissipation function contained in the layer formed on the substrate side to the total weight of the layer formed on the substrate side.
- the first layer 12 (123) formed on the base side is the second layer formed on the magnetic circuit side.
- the particle density having a heat dissipation function is small. That is, the second layer 12 (124) formed on the magnetic circuit side has a relatively large particle density having a heat dissipation function. For this reason, the heat dissipation of the diaphragm 1 is relatively high. Further, since the uneven portion is formed on the surface of the diaphragm 1, the releasability is relatively high (the adhesion to the mold is relatively small), and for example, the ease of forming the diaphragm 1 is improved. To do. In particular, since the rigidity of the surface of the diaphragm 1 (on the magnetic circuit side) is relatively high, the diaphragm 1 has a relatively high vibration damping function and can further reduce unnecessary vibration.
- the vibration damping layer 12 of the diaphragm 1C may be formed on a plurality of surface layers 12 (124A) sandwiching the inner layer 12 (123A).
- the surface layer 12 (124A) may be a coating layer having relatively high functions such as heat dissipation and charge suppression function as compared with the inner layer 12 (123A).
- the vibration damping layer 12 of the diaphragm 1C may be formed as a single layer and appropriately adjusted so that the particle density having a heat dissipation function increases from the substrate side to the magnetic circuit side.
- the density here refers to the ratio of the total weight of the particles having a heat dissipation function contained in each layer to the total weight of each layer by dividing the damping layer into a plurality of layers. Further, as necessary, the density of the particles having the charge suppressing function may be adjusted in the vibration damping layer 12 in the same manner as the particle density having the heat dissipation function.
- At least one resin material constituting the vibration damping layer 12 has a resin material having a peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) of about 0 ° C. or higher, as described later.
- the use environment of the speaker device is a room temperature (about 20 ° C.) or higher, and a material having a peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) higher than 0 ° C. is applied to the damping layer 12.
- the internal loss (loss tangent) of the damping layer 12 at a normal temperature for example, about 20 ° C.
- unnecessary vibration generated in the diaphragm 1 can be reduced.
- At least one resin material constituting the damping layer 12 includes a resin material having a peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) of about 30 ° C. or less.
- a material having a peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) of about 30 ° C. or less is adopted for the vibration damping layer 12, the internal loss (loss tangent) of the vibration damping layer 12 at a normal temperature (eg, about 30 ° C.) is relatively high. Unnecessary vibration generated in the diaphragm 1 can be reduced.
- the damping layer 12 preferably has a peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) lower than the peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) of the substrate 11 as described later.
- the peak temperature of the internal loss (loss tangent) of the damping layer 12 is smaller than that of the base 11, the internal loss in a temperature range lower than the peak temperature of the internal loss (loss tangent) of the base can be made relatively large. Unnecessary vibration of the diaphragm 1 can be suppressed more efficiently.
- the internal loss of the substrate is greatly reduced, while the peak temperature of the internal loss (loss tangent) of the damping layer is the internal loss (loss) of the substrate. Therefore, the internal loss of the entire diaphragm 1 can be kept relatively large.
- the peak temperature of this internal loss (loss tangent) is substantially the same as the glass transition temperature.
- the diaphragm 1 having the above configuration preferably has a Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the diaphragm 1 smaller than a Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the base 11 of the diaphragm 1. Specifically, it is preferable that the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the diaphragm 1 is smaller than, for example, the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the substrate 11 formed to have substantially the same thickness as the diaphragm 1.
- the diaphragm 1 having the above configuration can obtain a relatively small Young's modulus (storage modulus).
- the internal loss (loss tangent) of the diaphragm 1 is larger than the internal loss (loss tangent) of the base 11 of the diaphragm 1.
- the internal loss (loss tangent) of the diaphragm 1 is larger than the internal loss (loss tangent) of the base 11 formed to have substantially the same thickness as the diaphragm 1, for example.
- the diaphragm 1 configured as described above can obtain a relatively large internal loss (loss tangent).
- the diaphragm 1 has an internal loss (loss tangent) of the diaphragm 1 at a room temperature of 20 ° C., which is larger than, for example, a polyetherimide film having substantially the same thickness as the diaphragm 1. It is preferable that the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of the diaphragm 1 at room temperature of 20 ° C. is smaller than, for example, polyethylene naphthalate having substantially the same thickness as the diaphragm 1.
- the diaphragm 1 having the above configuration can obtain a relatively small Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) and a relatively large internal loss (loss tangent).
- the internal loss (loss tangent) and Young's modulus (storage modulus) are defined in advance in the vicinity of the lowest resonance frequency of the diaphragm 1, for example, the lowest resonance frequency, the second resonance frequency, and the frequency of 1 Hz. Use characteristic values measured at different frequencies.
- FIG. 3A is a view for explaining a manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the diaphragm for an acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3B is shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the vibration for acoustic transducers produced by metal mold
- the diaphragm 1 is formed by a diaphragm manufacturing method such as mold pressing or vacuum forming, for example.
- the sheet-like substrate 11 and the damping layer 12 are pressure-molded (laminated) with the molds 70 and 71, so that FIG. 3 (B) and FIG.
- the diaphragm 1 is formed.
- adhesion may be improved by applying a prescribed adhesive or the like between the base 11 and the vibration damping layer 12.
- the vibration damping layer 12 contains particles having an antistatic function, particles having a heat dissipation function, and the like, the release property from the molds 70 and 71 is relatively high, and the adhesion to the mold is relatively high. Since it is small, manufacturability is improved. In particular, when producing a diaphragm 1 having a complicated shape such as a ribbed diaphragm, the releasability is relatively high, and thus the production efficiency is relatively high. In addition, variations in acoustic characteristics of the diaphragm 1 can be reduced.
- the vibration damping plate 1 according to the present invention can be easily obtained by molding the sheet-like damping layer 12 containing the particles having the charge suppressing function, the particles having the heat radiation function, and the like and the sheet-like substrate 11 with a mold. Can be produced.
- the manufacturing method of the diaphragm 1 is not limited to the above form.
- the damping layer 12 may be formed on the substrate 11 by coating.
- Example 2 Since Example 1 is substantially the same except for the material used for the substrate 11 and the method for forming the damping layer, the description of the substantially same part is omitted.
- the substrate 11 used in the present embodiment is mainly composed of a polyester elastomer.
- the substrate 11 may be formed by combining a known thermoplastic resin in combination with a polyester elastomer.
- Polyester elastomers include polyester-polyether type elastomers with hard segments made of aromatic polyester and soft segments made of aliphatic polyether, and polyester-polyester type elastomers with hard segments made of aromatic polyester and soft segments made of aliphatic polyester. can do.
- polyester elastomer products include Hytrel manufactured by Toray DuPont.
- the Young's modulus (storage modulus) of the substrate 11 used in the present embodiment is 2.499 GPa or less, for example, 0.115 GPa to 0.175 GPa.
- the peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent) of the substrate 11 used in this embodiment is ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the substrate 11 is formed in a film shape and has a film thickness of about 20 ⁇ m to about 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the damping layer 12 formed on the substrate 11 is about 6 ⁇ m.
- the damping layer 12 used in the present embodiment is formed by applying a material for forming the damping layer 12 on the substrate 11. After the damping layer 12 is formed on the substrate 11, the mold is pressure-molded.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining the measuring device 50 and the diaphragm 1.
- FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram for explaining the entire measurement apparatus 50. 4A and 4B measures and calculates the Young's modulus (E ′) and internal loss (tan ⁇ ) of the diaphragm by the cantilever method.
- the measuring apparatus 50 includes a laser Doppler accelerometer 51, a frequency analyzer 52, an electromagnetic induction coil 54, an amplifier 53, a member to be attached (metal member) 501, a support part 500, a support part 510, and the like.
- the diaphragm 1 is attached to the end of the mounting member 501 whose other end is a flat plate with an adhesive or the like so that one end is a free end. It is fixed.
- the attached member 501 is fixed to the support portion 500 so that the measurement surface of the diaphragm 1 faces the laser Doppler accelerometer 51.
- the support 500 is provided with an electromagnetic induction coil 54 in the vicinity of the metal attachment member 501, and the electromagnetic induction coil 54 is electrically connected to the frequency analyzer 52 via an amplifier 53.
- the laser Doppler accelerometer 51 is fixed to the support portion 510, and the measurement signal is input to the frequency analyzer 52.
- the measuring apparatus 50 when a drive signal is input to the electromagnetic induction coil 54, the attached member 501 vibrates and the diaphragm 1 vibrates.
- a signal corresponding to the drive signal of the electromagnetic induction coil 54 is amplified by the amplifier 53 and input to the frequency analyzer 52.
- the diaphragm 1 In the laser Doppler accelerometer 51, the diaphragm 1 is irradiated with laser light, reflected light from the diaphragm 1 is received, and a measurement signal corresponding to the received light intensity is output to the frequency analyzer 52.
- the frequency analyzer 52 calculates the Young's modulus (E ′) and internal loss (tan ⁇ ) of the diaphragm 1 based on vibrations from the laser Doppler accelerometer 51 and the electromagnetic induction coil 54.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining the frequency characteristics of the acceleration of the vibration of the diaphragm by the measuring device 50.
- the vertical axis represents acceleration (A) (unit dB: decibel), and the horizontal axis represents frequency (Freq) (unit: Hz).
- FIG. 5B is a diagram for explaining a method of measuring Young's modulus (E ′) and internal loss (tan ⁇ ) by the half-width method.
- peaks occur at the first resonance frequency (1FQ), the second resonance frequency (2FQ), the third resonance frequency (3FQ),.
- the resonance frequency fn (Hz) and the half-value width ⁇ f of the nth-order resonance are calculated from the peak shape of each resonance point. .
- FIG. 6A is a graph showing the temperature characteristics of internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) in Example 1.
- FIG. The vertical axis represents internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )), and the horizontal axis represents temperature (T: unit ° C.).
- T unit ° C.
- the thickness (D) of PPSU is 8 ⁇ m and the frequency (Freq) is 10 Hz.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the temperature characteristics of internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of the high blur (HYB).
- PPSU which is one of the main forming materials of the substrate 11 has an internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) peak temperature of about 226 ° C. as shown in FIG.
- one of the main forming materials of the damping layer 12, HYB (HYB) has a peak temperature of internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of about 20 degrees.
- the peak temperature of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of the main forming material of the damping layer 12 is the peak temperature of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of the main forming material of the base 11 of the diaphragm 1. Smaller than. This peak temperature is substantially the same as the glass transition temperature. For this reason, the diaphragm 1 can reduce unnecessary vibrations with high efficiency by the damping layer 12 at room temperature (about 20 ° C.) in a general use environment.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the PEN's Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)), and FIG. 7B shows the frequency characteristics of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of PEN.
- FIG. 7C is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of PEI's Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)), and FIG. 7D shows the frequency characteristics of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of PEI.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)) of PPSU.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of PPSU.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)) of a diaphragm having only a base and a diaphragm having a base and a damping layer.
- FIG. 8D is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of the diaphragm having only the base and the diaphragm having the base and the damping layer.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)) of PPSU.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan
- FIG. 8E shows a Young's modulus (storage elasticity) of a diaphragm having a base body (PA), a damping layer (PB), and a damping layer (PB) containing the base body (PA) and heat dissipation functional particles (PC). It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of a rate (E ').
- FIG. 8F shows an internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of a diaphragm having a base (PA), a damping layer (PB), and a damping layer PB containing the base (PA) and heat dissipation functional particles (PC). It is a figure showing the frequency characteristic of)).
- the PPSU (RA) of the comparative example has a thickness of 9 ⁇ m.
- the thickness (PAD) of the substrate (PA) is The thickness (PBD) of the vibration suppression layer (PB) is 5 ⁇ m.
- the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)) at 20 ° C. of the diaphragm 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. ), It is smaller than the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) of PEN and PEI as comparative examples, specifically about 2 GPa.
- the loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) at 20 ° C. of the diaphragm 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7D.
- the PEN as a comparative example is larger than the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of the PEI.
- the diaphragm 1 has its Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)) as shown in FIG. It is smaller than the Young's modulus (storage modulus (E ′)) of the base of the mechanical diaphragm.
- the vibration plate 1 has Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)) when the damping layer 12 contains particles having a heat dissipation function. Relatively small.
- the diaphragm 1 has an internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) as shown in FIG. 8B. It is larger than the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of the substrate of the plate.
- the diaphragm 1 has a relatively higher internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) when the damping layer 12 contains particles having a heat dissipation function. large.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating output sound pressure frequency characteristics of a diaphragm having a base body (PA) and a damping layer (PB).
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing an output sound pressure frequency characteristic of a diaphragm having a base body (PA) and a damping layer (PB) containing heat-radiating functional particles (PC).
- the solid line indicates SPL (Sound Pressure Level) and the dotted line indicates THD (distortion rate).
- the left vertical axis represents SPL (unit dB (decibel)
- the right vertical axis represents THD
- the horizontal axis represents frequency (unit Hz).
- THD disortion rate,%) is 100 ⁇ at a predetermined frequency.
- FIG. 10A shows the temperature dependence of the internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of a diaphragm having a base (PA) mainly using PPSU and a damping layer (PB) containing heat-radiating functional particles (PC). It is a figure which shows sex.
- FIG. 10B shows an internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of a diaphragm having a base (PA) mainly using a polyester-based elastomer and a damping layer (PB) containing heat-radiating functional particles (PC). It is a figure which shows temperature dependence.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show that the diaphragm 1 has a plurality of peak temperatures of tan ⁇ , so that internal loss (loss) particularly in the temperature range (20 ° C. to 80 ° C.) of the environment where the speaker device is used. It shows that the tangent (tan ⁇ ) can be maintained relatively large without greatly decreasing.
- FIG. 11A shows a diaphragm having only a base (PA) mainly using a polyester-based elastomer, and a damping layer containing a base (PA) mainly using a polyester-based elastomer and heat radiation functional particles (PC)
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )) of a diaphragm having PB).
- a broken line indicates experimental data of internal loss in the diaphragm having only the base, and a solid line indicates experimental data of internal loss in the diaphragm having the base and the damping layer.
- 11B shows a vibration plate made only of a base (PA) mainly using a polyester elastomer, and a damping layer containing a base (PA) mainly using a polyester elastomer and heat radiation functional particles (PC) ( It is a figure which shows the temperature dependence of the Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ')) of a diaphragm which has PB).
- the broken line indicates experimental data of the storage elastic modulus in the diaphragm having only the base, and the solid line indicates experimental data of the storage elastic modulus in the diaphragm having the base and the damping layer.
- the vertical axis represents internal loss (loss tangent (tan ⁇ )), and the horizontal axis represents temperature (T: unit ° C.).
- the thickness (D) of the substrate (PA) is 8 ⁇ m, and the frequency (Freq) is 10 Hz.
- the vertical axis represents Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus (E ′)), and the horizontal axis represents temperature (T: unit ° C.).
- the thickness (D) of the substrate (PA) is 8 ⁇ m
- the frequency (Freq) is 10 Hz.
- the base body The characteristics of the diaphragm 1 including the base 11 and the damping layer 12 are better than those of the diaphragm 1 alone.
- the Young's modulus storage modulus
- the internal loss loss tangent
- the damping layer (PB) contains heat-radiating functional particles (PC) as compared with the diaphragm having only the base body (PA) and the damping layer (PB).
- the vibrating plate 1 has good output sound pressure characteristics and distortion. Specifically, it can be seen that the minimum resonance frequency is small, the peak value of the minimum resonance frequency is small, and the output sound pressure characteristic is good. In addition, the peak value at the lowest resonance circumference is small, the peak dip at high frequency is small, and the output sound pressure characteristics in the reproduction band from around 5 kHz to around 10 kHz are good. I understand that.
- the distortion rate is reduced, and in particular, the distortion rate from about 150 Hz to the high range is small, it can be seen that the acoustic characteristics are good from the low range to the high range.
- the distortion factor is reduced, it can be understood that unnecessary vibrations are suppressed from being generated in the diaphragm 1 by the damping layer provided in the diaphragm 1.
- the releasability when the diaphragm is heated and pressed at a specified molding temperature (TA) and then cooled at a specified cooling temperature (TB) will be described with reference to Table 1.
- TA molding temperature
- TB specified cooling temperature
- ⁇ indicates that the releasability is relatively high
- X indicates that the releasability is relatively low.
- the diaphragm 1 containing heat-radiating functional particles (PC) in the damping layer (PB) is more separable than the diaphragm having only the base body (PA) and the damping layer (PB).
- the releasability is relatively high without degrading the releasability even when the molding temperature is high.
- the diaphragm 1 for an acoustic transducer includes the base body 11 and the damping layer 12 formed on one side or both sides of the base body 11, and the damping layer 12 has a heat dissipation function. Since it has the particle
- the Young's modulus of the diaphragm for an acoustic transducer ( Storage modulus) can be reduced, internal loss (loss tangent) can be increased, minimum resonance frequency (F0) can be made relatively small, and unnecessary vibrations (such as split vibration) are generated in the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer. Can be deterred.
- the peak dip at high frequencies can be reduced, and the output sound pressure frequency characteristics at high frequencies can be improved.
- the tensile elongation becomes relatively large, and the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer can be prevented from being broken.
- polyetherimide PEI
- PEI polyetherimide
- the temperature of the diaphragm for the acoustic transducer itself rises while the speaker device is driven for a long time, and the substrate and damping material are increased. It is possible to prevent the characteristics of the vibration layer (Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus), internal loss (loss tangent), etc.) from changing and providing acoustic characteristics different from those when the speaker device is driven.
- the releasability increases, and unnecessary vibrations can be further relaxed by the vibration damping layer. Specifically, if the releasability is small, that is, if the adhesion is large, unnecessary vibration is likely to propagate from the damping layer to the substrate, and as a result, it is difficult to provide good acoustic characteristics.
- the internal loss (loss tangent) can be increased, and the peak dip at a high frequency can be reduced.
- Young's modulus storage elastic modulus
- the damping layer contains particles having a heat dissipation function, and the damping layer has peelability from the base, so that the internal loss (loss tangent) is relatively large. And Young's modulus (storage elastic modulus) is relatively small.
- the base body and the damping layer included in the diaphragm 1 are bonded to each other.
- the damping layer does not include particles having a heat dissipation function
- most of the interface between the base body and the damping layer is effective. Therefore, the adhesive strength between the base and the damping layer is relatively large, and the base and the damping layer are integrated.
- the vibration damping layer has particles having a heat dissipation function
- the presence of the particles having the heat dissipation function reduces the effective bonding area at the interface between the base and the vibration suppression layer.
- Adhesion between the substrate and the substrate is inhibited (the adhesive force between the particles having a heat dissipation function and the substrate is relatively small compared to the adhesive force between the resin constituting the vibration damping layer and the substrate), and peeling between the substrate and the vibration damping layer Sex occurs. It is also speculated that there are particles having a heat dissipation function at the interface between the base and the damping layer, or that the density of the particles having the heat dissipation function is relatively large on the base side of the damping layer. It is considered that the effective adhesion area at the interface between the vibration damping layer and the damping layer is reduced, the adhesion between the damping layer and the substrate is hindered, and peelability is generated between the substrate and the damping layer.
- the shape of the diaphragm, the edge, the shape of the voice col, the magnetic circuit, the acoustic transducer, and the like may be any shape.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing electronic devices 1000 and 2000 including the acoustic transducer 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention (for example, (A) shows a portable information terminal, and (B) shows a flat panel display.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an automobile 3000 provided with the acoustic transducer 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
このため、比較的高い放熱作用を有する音響変換器用振動板が望まれている。
このため、振動板と金型との離型性が比較的高い振動板が望まれている。
詳細には、一般的な振動板材料を用いて単純に振動板を作製する場合、振動板の最低共振周波数を比較的小さくするために、比較的小さい貯蔵弾性率の振動板材料を用いて振動板を作製することを要し、上記要求を満たすことが困難である。
このため、最低共振周波数(F0)が比較的小さく、且つ損失正接(tanδ)が比較的大きい振動板が望まれている。また、それらの特性を備えた比較的軽量の振動板が望まれている。
また、好適には、前記音響変換器用振動板は、その損失正接が当該音響変換器用振動板の前記基体の損失正接より大きいことを特徴とする。
また、上記音響変換器は、音響変換器用振動板が少なくとも放熱機能を有する粒子を含む制振層が基体より磁気回路側に形成されているので、比較的高い放熱作用を有する音響変換器を提供することができる。
この音響変換器用振動板は、その貯蔵弾性率が当該音響変換器用振動板の基体の貯蔵弾性率より小さいので、最低共振周波数が比較的小さい音響変換器用振動板を提供することができる。
この音響変換器用振動板は、その損失正接が当該音響変換器用振動板の基体の損失正接より大きいので、比較的大きな損失正接を有し、かつ比較的小さい貯蔵弾性率を有する音響変換器用振動板を提供することができる。
本実施形態では、エッジ部3は、エッジ本体部5、およびフランジ9を有する。ロール状のエッジ本体部5の外周部に形成されたフランジ9がフレーム6に固定されている。また、エッジ本体部5には補強用リブ7が形成されている。
リブ7は、例えばプレス成形により形成され、突起状、溝状、等の規定形状に形成されており、エッジ部3の内周部近傍および外周部近傍を除く範囲で、略放射方向に沿って形成されている。このリブ7の長さ、幅、形状等の調整により、エッジ部3のコンプライアンス等の特性を所定値に規定することができる。また、エッジ部3に本発明に係る制振層を設けることで、振動板の音響特性が更に良好となる。
エッジ部3の形状は、上記形態に限られるものではなく、各種形状に形成されていてもよい。
詳細には、磁気回路2は、図1(B)に示すように、プレート21、磁石22、およびヨーク23を有する。ヨーク23は、例えば鉄、金属、合金などの材料により形成されており、断面形状が略U字形状に形成されている。磁石22は、平板形状に形成されるとともにヨーク23上に配置され、例えば、ネオジウム系、サマリウム・コバルト系、アルニコ系、フェライト系、希土類系、フェライト系磁石等の永久磁石等により形成されており、音響放射方向(SD)に沿って着磁されている。プレート21は、例えば鉄、金属、合金などの材料により形成され、断面形状が平板形状に形成され、磁石22上に配置されている。磁気回路2は、プレート21とヨーク23との間に磁気ギャップ2Gが形成されており、この磁気ギャップ2Gに、ボイスコイル15が遊嵌されている。
図2は本発明の一実施形態に係る音響変換器用振動板の拡大断面図である。詳細には、図2(A)は本発明の第1実施形態に係る音響変換器用振動板の拡大断面図であり、図2(B)は本発明の第2実施形態に係る音響変換器用振動板の拡大断面図であり、図2(C)は本発明の第3実施形態に係る音響変換器用振動板の拡大断面図であり、図2(D)は本発明の第4実施形態に係る音響変換器用振動板の拡大断面図である。
つまり、振動板1は、基体11の片面又は両面に、制振性エラストマー、放熱機能粒子、帯電抑止用フィラー等を含有する制振層12を設けたとしても、基体11が低ヤング率材により形成されているので、低F0化、高内部損失化、低歪化を得ることができる。
(実施例1)
基体11は、低ヤング率、例えば好ましくはヤング率が2.499GPa以下の材料により形成されている。本実施形態に係る基体11は、ヤング率が約2.35GPaの材料を採用している。
この基体11は、例えばフィルム状に形成されており、膜厚が約6μm~約1000μm程度に形成されている。好適には基体11の膜厚は約6μm~150μmである。
また、基体11として、例えばヤング率が約2.35GPaのポリフェニルサルホン(PPSU)樹脂を主成分とする材料を採用した場合には、膜厚が約7μm~19μm程度であることが好ましい。
膜厚は上記形態に限られるものではなく、基体11、制振層12、振動板1の膜厚、音響特性により適宜設定する。
また、ポリサルホン樹脂材を採用した基体11を含む振動板1は、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエチレンナフタレートよりも、比較的大きい内部損失(損失正接)、比較的小さいヤング率(貯蔵弾性率)を備えることができ、良好な音響特性を得ることができる。
また、ガラス転移温度が相異なる樹脂材料の混合物を採用した基体11を含む振動板1は、比較的小さいヤング率(貯蔵弾性率)と、比較的大きい内部損失(損失正接)を備えることができ、良好な音響特性を得ることができる。また、各樹脂材料が相異なるガラス転移温度を有するので、振動板1は低温から高温にかけて比較的高い内部損失(損失正接)を備えることができ、周囲の環境の変化(気温の変化)によって音響特性が大きく変化することを抑止することができる。
具体的には、制振層12としては、例えばポリプロピレン、およびスチレン系樹脂の混合物または共重合体を採用することができる。より具体的には、制振層12は、例えばクラレ(株)社製スチレン系熱可塑性樹脂の商品名ハイブラー5127(HYB)などを採用することができる。
また、放熱機能を有する粒子、帯電抑止機能を有する粒子として、金属元素含有微粒子を採用することもでき、この金属元素含有微粒子は、基体表面上にそれぞれ離れて存在していてもよく、皮膜、網状構造、それら混在構造であってもよい。
また、振動板1Aは、図2(B)に示すように、基体11の音響放射方向(SD)側に制振層12(121)、その反対側に制振層12(122)を備えるのでより高い放熱性や制振性を得ることができる。
詳細には、例えば図2(C)に示すように、振動板1Bの制振層12において、基体側に形成された第1層12(123)では、磁気回路側に形成された第2層12(124)と比べて放熱機能を有する粒子密度が小さい。つまり、磁気回路側に形成された第2層12(124)が、比較的放熱機能を有する粒子密度が大きい。このため、振動板1の放熱性が比較的高い。また、振動板1の表面に凹凸状部が形成されるために、離型性が比較的高く(金型に対する密着性が比較的小さい)、例えば振動板1を成形する際の容易性が向上する。特に、振動板1の表面(磁気回路側)の剛性が比較的高いので、振動板1は、比較的高い制振機能を有し、不要な振動をより低減することができる。
また、振動板1Cの制振層12を1つの層にて形成し、基体側から磁気回路側にかけて、放熱機能を有する粒子密度が大きくなるよう、適宜調整しても構わない。ここでいう密度とは、制振層を複数の層に分割し、各層の全重量に対する、各層に含まれる放熱機能を有する粒子の全重量の割合をいう。また、必要に応じ、帯電抑止機能を有する粒子密度に関しても、放熱機能を有する粒子密度と同様に、制振層12内で密度の調整をしても構わない。
また、更に、制振層12を構成する少なくとも1つの樹脂材料は、内部損失(損失正接)のピーク温度が約30℃以下の樹脂材料を有することが好ましい。内部損失(損失正接)のピーク温度が約30℃以下の材料を制振層12に採用した場合、常温(例えば約30℃)での制振層12の内部損失(損失正接)が比較的高く、振動板1に生じる不要な振動を低減することができる。
図3(A)は図2(A)に示した音響変換器用振動板の一実施形態に係る製造方法を説明するための図であり、図3(B)は図3(A)に示した金型加圧成形により作製された音響変換器用振動の断面図である。振動板1は、例えば金型加圧成形、真空成形などの振動板製造方法により形成される。
詳細には、例えば図3(A)に示すように、シート状の基体11,制振層12を金型70,71により加圧成形(ラミネート)することにより、図3(B)、図2(A)に示すように、振動板1が形成される。この際、基体11と制振層12との間に、規定の接着剤等を塗布することにより密着性を向上させても構わない。
また、帯電抑止機能を有する粒子や放熱機能を有する粒子などが含有したシート状の制振層12と、シート状の基体11を金型加圧成形するで、簡単に本発明に係る振動板1を作製することができる。
実施例1とは、基体11に使用する材料、及び制振層の形成方法以外は実質同じであるので、実質同じ部分に関する説明を省略する。
本実施形態で使用する基体11は、主にポリエステル系エラストマーで構成されている。また、基体11は、ポリエステル系エラストマーと組み合せて、公知の熱可塑性樹脂などを混合させて形成しても構わない。
ポリエステル系エラストマーは、ハードセグメントが芳香族ポリエステル、ソフトセグメントが脂肪族ポリエーテルよりなるポリエステル-ポリエーテル型エラストマーおよびハードセグメントが芳香族ポリエステル、ソフトセグメントが脂肪族ポリエステルよりなるポリエステル-ポリエステル型エラストマーを使用することができる。ポリエステル系エラストマーの製品としては、例えば、東レ・デュポン社製のハイトレル等がある。
本実施形態で使用する基体11のヤング率(貯蔵弾性率)は、2.499GPa以下であり、例えば0.115GPa~0.175GPaである。
本実施形態で使用する基体11の内部損失(損失正接)のピーク温度は、-20℃である。
また、この基体11は、フィルム状に形成されており、膜厚が約20μm~約60μmに形成されている。また、基体11上に形成される制振層12の厚みは約6μm程度に形成されている。
本実施形態で使用する制振層12は、基体11上に制振層12を形成する材料を塗布することで形成される。基体11上に制振層12を形成後に、金型加圧成形する。
図4(A)は、測定装置50と振動板1を説明するための図である。図4(B)は測定装置50全体を説明するための説明図である。
図4(A),図4(B)に示す測定装置50は、片持ち梁法による振動板のヤング率(E’)と内部損失(tanδ)を測定および算出する。
詳細には、測定装置50は、レーザードップラー加速度計51、周波数アナライザ52、電磁誘導型コイル54、アンプ53、被取付部材(金属製部材)501、支持部500、支持部510などを有する。
レーザードップラー加速度計51では、振動板1にレーザ光を照射し、振動板1からの反射光を受光し、その受光強度に応じた測定信号を、周波数アナライザ52に出力する。
周波数アナライザ52では、レーザードップラー加速度計51、および電磁誘導型コイル54からの振動に基づいて、振動板1のヤング率(E’)、内部損失(tanδ)を算出する。
この測定の結果を用いて、例えば図5(A),図5(B)に示すように、各共振点のピーク形状により、n次共振の共振周波数fn(Hz)、半値幅Δfを算出する。
このように、制振層12の主形成材料の内部損失(損失正接(tanδ))のピーク温度は、振動板1の基体11の主形成材料の内部損失(損失正接(tanδ))のピーク温度より小さい。このピーク温度はガラス転移温度と略同じ温度である。このため振動板1は、一般的な使用環境の常温(約20℃)では、制振層12により高い効率で不要な振動を低減することができる。
図8(A),図8(B)において、比較例のPPSU(RA)の厚みは9μmであり、図8(C)~図8(F)において、基体(PA)の厚み(PAD)は9μm、制振層(PB)の厚み(PBD)は5μmである。
また、振動板1は、図8(C),図8(E)に示すように、制振層12が放熱機能を有する粒子を含有するほうが、ヤング率(貯蔵弾性率(E’))が比較的小さい。
図9(B)は、基体(PA)と、放熱機能粒子(PC)を含有する制振層(PB)とを有する振動板の出力音圧周波数特性を示す図である。詳細には、図9(A),図9(B)において、実線はSPL(Sound Pressure Level)を示し、点線はTHD(歪率)を示す。左縦軸はSPL(単位dB(decibel)、右縦軸はTHDを示し、横軸は周波数(単位Hz)を示す。ここでTHD(歪率、%)とは、所定の周波数における、100×高調波成分の出力音圧(dB)/出力音圧(dB)であり、高調波成分は2次高調波、3次高調波等の高次の高調波成分を含んでいる。
図10(B)はポリエステル系エラストマーを主に用いた基体(PA)と放熱機能粒子(PC)を含有する制振層(PB)とを有する振動板の内部損失(損失正接(tanδ))の温度依存性を示す図である。
図10(A),(B)において、縦軸は内部損失(損失正接(tanδ))を示し、横軸は温度(T:単位℃)を示す。測定条件としては、基体(PA)の厚み(D)が8μmであり、周波数(Freq)が10Hzである。
図10(A),(B)は、振動板1が複数のtanδのピーク温度を備えることで、特にスピーカ装置を使用する環境の温度範囲内(20℃~80℃)における、内部損失(損失正接(tanδ))を大きく低下させることなく、比較的大きく維持することができることを示している。
図11(B)はポリエステル系エラストマーを主に用いた基体(PA)のみの振動板と、ポリエステル系エラストマーを主に用いた基体(PA)と放熱機能粒子(PC)を含有する制振層(PB)とを有する振動板のヤング率(貯蔵弾性率(E’))の温度依存性を示す図である。破線が基体のみの振動板における貯蔵弾性率の実験データ、実線が基体と制振層とを有する振動板における貯蔵弾性率の実験データを示している。
図11(A)において、縦軸は内部損失(損失正接(tanδ))を示し、横軸は温度(T:単位℃)を示す。測定条件としては、基体(PA)の厚み(D)が8μmであり、周波数(Freq)が10Hzである。
図11(B)において、縦軸はヤング率(貯蔵弾性率(E’))を示し、横軸は温度(T:単位℃)を示す。測定条件としては、基体(PA)の厚み(D)が8μmであり、周波数(Freq)が10Hzである。
図11(A),図11(B)に示すように、制振層12に放熱機能を有する粒子(フィラー等)を混入させることで、振動板1のそのものの温度が上昇しても、基体だけの振動板1に比べ、基体11と制振層12とを備える振動板1の特性は良好である。放熱機能を有する粒子を制振層12に混入させた本発明の実施形態では、特にヤング率(貯蔵弾性率)は比較的小さく、内部損失(損失正接)は比較的大きいので、スピーカ装置の駆動時当初に対して温度上昇に伴って音響特性が変化するのを抑止することができる。
表1に示すように、基体(PA)と制振層(PB)のみの振動板と比べて、制振層(PB)に放熱機能粒子(PC)を含有する振動板1では、離型性が良好であり、特に、成形温度が高温の場合であっても離型性が低下することなく、離型性が比較的高い。
振動板1が備える基体と制振層とは互いに接着されているが、制振層が放熱機能を有する粒子を含まない場合には、基体と制振層とは界面の殆どが有効な接着面積になっているので、基体と制振層間の接着強度は比較的大きく、基体と制振層とが一体になっている。
これに対して、制振層が放熱機能を有する粒子を有する場合には、放熱機能を有する粒子の存在によって、基体と制振層との界面での有効な接着面積が少なくなって制振層と基体との接着が阻害され(放熱機能を有する粒子と基体との接着力は、制振層を構成する樹脂と基体との接着力に対して比較的小さい)、基体と制振層間に剥離性が生じる。また、基体と制振層間の界面に放熱機能を有する粒子が存在すること、或いは放熱機能を有する粒子の密度が制振層の基体側にて比較的大きいことも推測され、このために、基体と制振層との界面での有効な接着面積が少なくなって制振層と基体との接着が阻害され、基体と制振層間に剥離性が生じると考えられる。
この剥離性によって、振動板1に外力や振動が加わると界面でのすべりが生じ、ヤング率が比較的小さくなると考えられる。また、振動板に振動が伝播する時(振動板が曲げられた時)、基体と制振層間のすべりによって不要な振動が吸収又は緩和(相殺)され、内部損失も比較的大きくなると考えられる。
Claims (25)
- 基体と、該基体の片面または両面に形成された制振層とを有する音響変換器用振動板であって、
前記制振層は、放熱機能を有する粒子を含み、
前記制振層は、前記基体に対して剥離性を有することを特徴とする
音響変換器用振動板。 - 前記音響変換器用振動板は、その損失正接が当該音響変換器用振動板の前記基体の損失正接より大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記音響変換器用振動板は、その貯蔵弾性率が当該音響変換器用振動板の前記基体の貯蔵弾性率より小さいことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層は、帯電抑止機能を有する粒子を含み、
前記放熱機能を有する粒子は、前記帯電抑止機能を有する粒子とは異なる粒子であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の音響変換器用振動板。 - 前記制振層を構成する少なくとも一つの樹脂材料は、その損失正接のピーク温度が約0℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層を構成する前記1つの樹脂材料とは異なる樹脂材料は、その損失正接のピーク温度が、前記1つの樹脂材料に対して高く、前記基体に対して低いことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層を構成する前記1つの樹脂材料とは異なる樹脂材料は、その損失正接のピーク温度が、前記1つの樹脂材料及び前記基体に対して高いことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層及び前記基体はフィルム状であることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記貯蔵弾性率は、最低共振周波数の近傍における特性値であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載される音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記基体は、芳香族系樹脂材を有し、
前記制振層は、脂肪族系樹脂を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。 - 前記基体は、ポリサルホン樹脂を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記基体は、構造単位に芳香核結合、スルホン結合、エーテル結合、フェニル結合を含む熱可塑性樹脂を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層は、内層を挟む複数の表層から構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層は、複数の層が積層する積層構造を有し、
前記制振層の複数の層のうち、基体側に形成された層は、磁気回路側に形成された層と比べて放熱機能を有する粒子密度が小さいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。 - 前記制振層は、ポリウレタン系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリプロピレン及びスチレン系樹脂の混合物、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリエーテル系樹脂、シリコン系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、エチレン-酢酸ビニルゴムの共重合体、又はポリメタクリレート系樹脂を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記放熱機能を有する粒子は、マイカ、または酸化ケイ素を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記音響変換器用振動板は、振動部とエッジ部とを備え、
前記エッジ部は、径方向断面形状が凹形状または凸形状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。 - 前記帯電抑止機能を有する粒子は、酸化錫であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 前記制振層は、損失正接のピーク温度が、前記基体の損失正接のピーク温度より低いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 基体と制振層とを有する音響変換器用振動板であって、
前記音響変換器用振動板は、常温20℃での損失正接が、前記音響変換器用振動板と略同じ厚みを有するポリエーテルイミドフィルムよりも大きく、
共振周波数における常温20℃での貯蔵弾性率が、前記音響変換器用振動板と略同じ厚みを有するポリエチレンナフタレートよりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。 - 前記基体は、ポリエステル系エラストマーを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の音響変換器用振動板。
- 請求項1に記載の前記音響変換器用振動板、および該音響変換器用振動板に支持されるボイスコイルを備える振動体と、前記振動体を振動自在に支持するフレームと、前記ボイスコイルが遊嵌する磁気ギャップが形成された磁気回路とを有することを特徴とする音響変換器。
- 前記音響変換器用振動板は、少なくとも放熱機能を有する粒子を含む前記制振層が前記基体より前記磁気回路側に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の音響変換器。
- 請求項22に記載の音響変換器を備えることを特徴とする電子機器。
- 請求項22に記載の音響変換器を備えることを特徴とする自動車。
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