WO2009107409A1 - 強誘電体メモリ装置 - Google Patents
強誘電体メモリ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107409A1 WO2009107409A1 PCT/JP2009/050150 JP2009050150W WO2009107409A1 WO 2009107409 A1 WO2009107409 A1 WO 2009107409A1 JP 2009050150 W JP2009050150 W JP 2009050150W WO 2009107409 A1 WO2009107409 A1 WO 2009107409A1
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- ferroelectric
- data
- ferroelectric memory
- memory cell
- bit line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/22—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using ferroelectric elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/409—Read-write [R-W] circuits
- G11C11/4094—Bit-line management or control circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/12—Bit line control circuits, e.g. drivers, boosters, pull-up circuits, pull-down circuits, precharging circuits, equalising circuits, for bit lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ferroelectric memory device, and more particularly to a ferroelectric memory device that adjusts the capacity of a bit line to which a memory cell is connected.
- a ferroelectric memory (FRAM: Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM: registered trademark)) uses a hysteresis characteristic of a ferroelectric capacitor, so that non-volatile storage data (for example, retention performance of about 10 years) is achieved. For example, an excellent characteristic of high-speed data writing performance of about several tens of ns is realized.
- a ferroelectric capacitor is used as a simple capacitance element, and dynamic random access memory (DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory) mode operation that retains data by the charge is performed and the power is shut off.
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- the hysteresis characteristic is not used during normal operation, the operation speed can be increased by reducing the driving capacity, and polarization inversion does not occur, so that deterioration of device characteristics can be suppressed. effective.
- BL Bit Line
- the FRAM mode a large BL capacity is required to read the residual polarization charge. It becomes. Due to this trade-off, the BL capacity can be reduced only within the range in which the FRAM mode can be operated, and thus there is a limit to speeding up.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a load capacity adjustment cell on a BL and separately set the capacity on the BL in the DRAM mode and the FRAM mode, thereby increasing the speed by reducing the BL capacity in the DRAM mode, and the FRAM mode. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ferroelectric memory device capable of ensuring both of the BL capacitances.
- a plurality of bit lines arranged in a column direction, a plurality of word lines orthogonal to the bit lines and arranged in a row direction, and the bit lines A plurality of plate lines arranged in a row direction, orthogonal to the bit lines, a bit line control line arranged in a row direction, the plurality of bit lines, the plurality of word lines, and the plate line
- a ferroelectric capacitor having one electrode connected to the plate line, a source connected to the other electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor, a drain connected to the bit line, and a gate connected to the word line.
- a ferroelectric memory cell comprising a memory cell transistor, a load capacitor disposed at an intersection of the plurality of bit lines and the bit line control line, and having one electrode connected to a ground potential; and
- a ferroelectric memory device comprising a load capacitance adjustment cell comprising a load capacitance adjustment transistor having a source connected to the other electrode, a drain connected to the bit line, and a gate connected to the bit line control line.
- the load capacity adjustment cell is provided on the BL, and the capacity on the BL is separately set in the DRAM mode and the FRAM mode, thereby reducing the BL capacity in the DRAM mode. It is possible to achieve both high speed and BL capacity securing in the FRAM mode.
- ferroelectric memory device of the present invention during normal operation, it operates in a DRAM operation mode with a small capacity load for high-speed operation, and in power-on / off, it operates in FRAM operation mode for holding data during the power-off period. Can be made.
- the operating speed can be increased to the same level as the SRAM.
- ferroelectric memory device of the present invention it is possible to speed up the data saving process when the power is shut off.
- the ferroelectric memory device of the present invention it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the characteristics of the ferroelectric device due to the reduction in the number of polarization inversions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block configuration diagram of a ferroelectric memory device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block configuration diagram of one bank of a ferroelectric memory device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of a ferroelectric memory cell and a load capacitance adjustment cell along a bit line BL of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is another detailed schematic block diagram of one bank of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the outline of the operation of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram for explaining a read operation of a ferroelectric memory cell during normal operation (DRAM operation mode) in the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an access time represented as a delay time of a data signal DS with respect to an address signal AD in a normal operation (DRAM operation mode) in the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram for explaining a DRAM read operation of a ferroelectric memory cell during normal operation (DRAM operation mode) of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram on hysteresis characteristics for explaining a DRAM read operation of a ferroelectric memory cell during normal operation (DRAM operation mode) of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram for explaining the operation of the ferroelectric memory cell during the power-on operation (FRAM operation mode), which is an operation example of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an operation example of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a simulation result of load capacitance dependence of a data read voltage of a ferroelectric memory cell in an FRAM operation mode.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram for explaining an FRAM read operation of the ferroelectric memory cell in the FRAM operation mode of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram on hysteresis characteristics for explaining an FRAM read operation of the ferroelectric memory cell in the FRAM operation mode of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram for explaining the operation of the ferroelectric memory cell during the refresh operation, which is an operation example of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram for explaining an FRAM read operation of the ferroelectric memory cell in the FRAM operation mode of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an operation example of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where (a) an operation waveform diagram of the ferroelectric memory cell during a refresh operation, and (b) data is held only with a charge charge.
- Operation explanatory diagram on hysteresis characteristics during normal operation DRAM operation mode
- FRAM operation mode Data write operation
- (e) is an explanatory diagram of the operation on the hysteresis characteristic in the normal operation (DRAM operation mode) in which data is held by both the charge charge and the residual polarization charge.
- FIG. 3 is an operation timing chart of one bank of the ferroelectric memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the ferroelectric memory device 10 As shown in FIG. 1, the ferroelectric memory device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of banks 18 11 , 18 12 ,..., 18 n1 , 18 n2 , a peripheral circuit unit 14, And an SRAM interface (I / F) unit 16. SRAMI / F unit 16, a plurality of banks 18 11, 18 12, ..., a 18 n1, 18 n of the connection with the external, there is provided an SRAM interface compatible to the outside.
- SRAMI / F unit 16 a plurality of banks 18 11, 18 12, ..., a 18 n1, 18 n of the connection with the external, there is provided an SRAM interface compatible to the outside.
- the peripheral circuit unit 14 shows other components other than the SRAM I / F unit 16 and the plurality of banks 18 11 , 18 12 ,..., 18 n1 , 18 n2 .
- the plurality of banks 18 11 , 18 12 ,..., 18 n1 , 18 n constitute independent ferroelectric memories, and write, read, and hold data in units of each bank.
- one bank 18 of the ferroelectric memory device 10 according to the first embodiment is adjacent to the FRAM cell array units 24a and 24b and the FRAM cell array units 24a and 24b in the column direction.
- Row decoders 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, row decoders 20a, 20c, and Disposed adjacent to the amplifiers and column decoder 28, and a pre-decoder 30 receives an address signal AD.
- the sense amplifier and column decoder 28 outputs a data signal DS.
- a plurality of word lines WL and a plurality of plate lines PL are extended in the row direction from the word line / plate line (WL / PL) drivers 22a and 22b to the FRAM cell array unit 24a.
- a plurality of word lines WL and a plurality of plate lines PL are extended in the row direction from the word line / plate line (WL / PL) drivers 22c and 22d to the FRAM cell array unit 24b.
- bit line capacitance control line BLC is extended in the row direction from the word line / plate line (WL / PL) drivers 22a and 22b to the load capacitance adjustment array unit 26a.
- bit line capacitance control lines BLC are extended in the row direction from the word line / plate line (WL / PL) drivers 22c and 22d to the load capacitance adjustment array unit 26b.
- a plurality of bit lines BL in the FRAM cell array units 24 a and 24 b are extended in the column direction and connected to a common sense amplifier and a sense amplifier 38 in the column decoder 28.
- Ferroelectric memory cells 32 are arranged in a matrix in the FRAM cell array units 24a and 24b, and load capacitance adjustment cells 34 are arranged in the load capacitance adjustment array units 26a and 26b.
- FIG. 2 an example in which the FRAM cell array unit is divided into two is shown, but one may be used. In the example shown in FIG. 2, an example is shown in which two row decoders and two WL / PL drivers are arranged in the row direction for one FRAM cell array unit. Also good.
- the schematic circuit configuration of the ferroelectric memory cell 32 and the load capacitance adjusting cell 34 along the bit line BL is arranged in the column direction as shown in FIG.
- the ferroelectric capacitor C F and the memory cell transistor are arranged at the intersection of the bit line capacitance control line BLC arranged in the row direction and orthogonal to the plurality of bit lines BL, the plurality of word lines WL, and the plate line PL.
- Q of M ferroelectric memory cells 32 are arranged at intersections of a plurality of bit lines BL and the bit line capacitor control line BLC, load capacity adjustment and the load capacitance C L consisting load capacitor adjustment transistor Q L And a le 34.
- One electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor C F is connected to a plate line PL.
- the other electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor C F is connected to the source of the memory cell transistor Q M.
- the drain of the memory cell transistor Q M is connected to the bit line BL.
- the gate of the memory cell transistor Q M is connected to the word line WL.
- One electrode of the load capacitor C L is connected to the ground potential.
- the other electrode of the load capacitance C L is connected to the source of the load capacitance adjustment transistor Q L.
- the drain of the load capacitance adjustment transistor Q L is connected to the bit line BL.
- the gate of the load capacitance adjustment transistor Q L is connected to the bit line capacitance control line BLC.
- the ferroelectric capacitor C F includes at least one ferroelectric thin film.
- the charge is charged in the ferroelectric capacitor C F, or is held by the residual polarization charges of the internal ferroelectric thin film.
- a load capacitance switching unit 36 is arranged for the ferroelectric memory cell 32 to adjust the capacitance value of the bit line BL. ing.
- the load capacitance switching unit 36 includes a bit line capacitance control line BLC, a load capacitance adjustment cell 34 including a load capacitance C L and a load capacitance adjustment transistor Q L , and a sense connected to the bit line BL. an amplifier 38 composed of a bit line capacitance C B.
- the load capacitance adjusting transistor Q L becomes conductive, the capacitance value of the bit line BL is increased to a larger C B + C L.
- the load capacitance adjusting transistor Q L is turned off, the capacitance value of the bit line BL is maintained the state of small-capacity C B.
- the load capacity adjustment cell 34 can be configured with the same structure as the ferroelectric memory cell 32 for data retention.
- the load capacitance C L can be obtained by connecting one or a plurality of the same structures as the ferroelectric memory cell 32 including the memory cell transistor Q M and the ferroelectric capacitor C F in parallel. Therefore, since the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 is connected to BL via the load capacitance adjustment transistor Q L only in the FRAM mode, the configuration can be simplified.
- FIG. 4 Another detailed schematic block configuration example of one bank 18 of the ferroelectric memory device 10 according to the present embodiment is, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, FRAM cell array units 25a and 25b, and FRAM cell array unit 25a.
- Common sense amplifier and column decoder 28 arranged adjacent to 25b in the column direction, WL / PL drivers 22a and 22b arranged adjacent to the FRAM cell array unit 25a in the row direction, and FRAM cell array unit WL / PL drivers 22c and 22d arranged adjacent to 25b in the row direction, row decoders 20a and 20b arranged in the column direction adjacent to WL / PL drivers 22a and 22b, and WL / PL driver And row decoders 20c and 20d arranged in the column direction adjacent to 22c and 22d.
- a predecoder 30a is provided adjacent to the row decoders 20a and 20c, the sense amplifier and the column decoder 28, and receives the address signal AD.
- a predecoder 30b is provided adjacent to the row decoders 20b and 20d and the sense amplifier and column decoder 28 and receives the address signal AD.
- the sense amplifier and column decoder 28 is connected to the input / output control unit 40. Further, a memory control sequencer 42 is arranged in the bank 18.
- the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 With configuring the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 with the same structure as the data holding ferroelectric memory cell 32, the FRAM cell array units 25a and 25b can easily realize a configuration including the load capacitance adjustment array units 26a and 26b therein. is doing.
- the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 the same structure as the ferroelectric memory cell 32, process variations at the time of fabrication can be reduced.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the load capacity adjustment cell 34 may be configured differently from the ferroelectric memory cell 32.
- the memory control sequencer 42 receives an address signal AD [15:10], a clock signal CLK, a read request signal RD, a write request signal WR, and a refresh request signal REF.
- the memory control sequencer 42 outputs an output control signal OE, an input control signal WE, a sense amplifier control signal SAE, a plate line control signal PLC, a word line control signal WLC, and a bit line capacity control signal BLCC.
- bit line capacitance control lines BLC [2: 0] are connected to the load capacitance adjustment array unit 26a in the FRAM cell array unit 25a.
- a plurality of word lines WLB [127: 0], a plurality of plate lines PLB [127: 0], and a bit line capacitance control line BLC [2] from the WL / PL drivers 22c and 22d to the FRAM cell array unit 25b. : 0] is stretched in the row direction.
- the bit line capacitance control lines BLC [2: 0] are connected to the load capacitance adjustment array unit 26b in the FRAM cell array unit 25b.
- the plurality of bit lines BLT [63: 0] and #BLT [63: 0] in the FRAM cell array unit 25a are extended in the column direction and connected to the sense amplifiers in the sense amplifier and the column decoder 28.
- the plurality of bit lines BLB [63: 0] and #BLT [63: 0] in the FRAM cell array unit 25b are extended in the column direction and connected to the sense amplifier and the sense amplifier of the column decoder 28.
- Ferroelectric memory cells 32 are arranged in a matrix in the FRAM cell array units 25a and 25b, and load capacitance adjustment cells 34 are provided in the load capacitance adjustment array units 26a and 26b in the FRAM cell array units 25a and 25b, respectively. Has been placed.
- a plate line control signal PLC, a word line control signal WLC, and a bit line capacitance control signal BLCC [2: 0] are input to the row decoders 20a to 20d.
- the row address signal AR [7: 0] is input from the predecoder 30a to the row decoders 20a and 20c. Similarly, the row address signal AR [7: 0] is input from the predecoder 30b to the row decoders 20b and 20d. Entered.
- the input / output control unit 40 receives an output control signal OE, an input control signal WE, and a write data signal WDL [15: 0].
- the read data signal RDL [15: 0] is output from the input / output control unit 40.
- the schematic circuit configuration of the ferroelectric memory cell 32 and the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 along the bit line BL is expressed in the same manner as in FIG.
- a load capacitance switching unit 36 is arranged for the ferroelectric memory cell 32 to adjust the capacitance value of the bit line BL.
- Load capacitor adjustment cell 34 is composed of the same structure as the ferroelectric memory cell 32 for storing data and a plurality are connected in parallel the memory cell transistor Q M and a ferroelectric capacitor C F a ferroelectric memory cell 32 Thus, the load capacity C L is obtained.
- the period T1 from the timing t0 to t1 is in the normal operation state.
- the ferroelectric memory cell does not cause polarization inversion and has a small change in charge amount ⁇ Q during random access because of a small capacity drive. Therefore, high-speed operation in the DRAM operation mode is possible. Random access operations at the time of DRAM writing and reading with the data “1” and data “0” being held can be executed at high speed.
- a period T3 between timings t2 and t3 is a power-off period.
- data “1” written by the charge charge or data “0” written by polarization inversion is held in the FRAM write operation mode.
- the ferroelectric memory cell does not undergo polarization reversal and has a small change in charge amount ⁇ Q due to small capacity driving. Therefore, high-speed operation in the DRAM operation mode is possible.
- the ferroelectric memory cell can hold data not only as a charge charge but also as a residual polarization charge. In this case, the data is nonvolatile and can be read out in the DRAM operation mode.
- DRAM read operation In the ferroelectric memory device according to the present embodiment, the reading operation of the ferroelectric memory cell during normal operation (DRAM operation mode) will be described with reference to the circuit configuration shown in FIG.
- Each of the ferroelectric memory cells 32 connected on the same bit line BL includes a memory cell transistor Q M and ferroelectric capacitors C F1 , C F2 , C F3 .
- the values of the ferroelectric capacitors C F1 , C F2 , C F3 ... are small when the polarization inversion state is not generated, and are large when the polarization inversion state is generated. That is, when the polarization inversion state occurs according to the operating point on the hysteresis characteristic of the ferroelectric capacitor, the accumulated charge amount is large, so that the read operation takes time (FRAM read mode). In the case where no occurrence occurs, the amount of stored charge is small, so that the read operation is performed at high speed (DRAM read mode).
- the word line WL is set to the high level while the plate line PL is set to the ground level (GND)
- the charge Q accumulated in the ferroelectric capacitor C F1 is swept out onto the bit line BL.
- the load capacity adjustment cell 34 in the load capacity switching unit 36 does not work during the DRAM read operation because the bit line capacity control line BLC is at a low level.
- the access time of the ferroelectric memory device according to the present embodiment is expressed as a delay time of the data signal DS with respect to the address signal AD during normal operation (DRAM operation mode) as shown in FIG.
- the access time at the normal operation is about 9.8 nsec. Since the access time during normal operation of the conventional FRAM is about 75 nsec, the ferroelectric memory device according to the present embodiment has an access time comparable to that of the SRAM.
- the DRAM read operation will be described with reference to the schematic circuit configuration diagram shown in FIG. 8 and the operation explanatory diagram on the hysteresis characteristic shown in FIG.
- the bit line capacity control line BLC is set to the high level, so that the charge Q swept onto the bit line BL is increased.
- the bit line capacitance (C B + C L ) is charged, and the potential change is amplified through the sense amplifier 38.
- FIG. 11 shows a simulation result of the relationship between the read voltage V out and the load capacitance C L in the FRAM read mode.
- the read voltage V out is approximately 0.40 V (DRAM read mode).
- the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 is operated to add the load capacitance C L and the bit line capacitance is increased to (C B + C L ), as shown by P1, the read voltage V out is about 0. It is about 63V, and the signal amount is increased by about 1.5 times (FRAM read mode).
- FRAM operation mode by adjusting the load capacitance C L, it is possible to ensure the amount of signal read-out voltage V out.
- the FRAM read operation will be described with reference to the schematic circuit configuration diagram shown in FIG. 12 and the operation explanatory diagram on the hysteresis characteristic shown in FIG.
- the load capacitance adjustment transistor Q L of the load capacitance adjustment cell 34 is turned on, and the capacitance value of the bit line BL is (C B + C L ) Is adjusted to a large capacity state.
- the change amount of charge in the FRAM read operation of data “1” is represented by ⁇ Q L
- the change amount of charge in the FRAM read operation of data “0” is represented by ⁇ Q S.
- the amount of change in electric charge ( ⁇ Q L ⁇ Q S ) between the operating point B and the operating point D is large.
- a period T1 between timings t0 and t1 indicates a data holding state.
- the storage state of data “1” is at an operating point A where V DD is applied, due to hysteresis characteristics.
- the accumulation state of data “0” is at the operating point B where the ground potential GND is applied due to hysteresis characteristics.
- a period T2 between timings t1 and t2 indicates a DRAM read operation.
- a high level voltage is applied to the word line WL while the potential of the plate line PL is at the ground level, the accumulation state of the data “1” at the operating point A and the data “0” at the operating point B due to hysteresis characteristics.
- a slight potential change occurs on the bit line BL as shown in the period T1 between timings t1 and t2.
- a period T3 between timings t2 and t3 indicates a data write operation in the FRAM operation mode.
- the state of data "1" is the voltage V DD is applied
- the operating point A is shifted to the operating point B at the GND level.
- the state of data “0” shifts from the operating point B at the GND level to the operating point C to which the negative voltage ⁇ V DD is applied.
- a period T4 between timings t3 and t4 also indicates the data write operation state in the FRAM operation mode.
- FIG. 15A when the high level voltage V DD applied to the plate line PL is returned to GND while the high level voltage is applied to the word line WL, the state shown in FIG. Thus, the state of data “1” shifts from the operating point B at the GND level to the operating point A to which the voltage V DD is applied. On the other hand, the state of data “0” shifts from the operating point C to which the negative voltage ⁇ V DD is applied to the operating point D at the GND level.
- a period T5 between timings t4 and t5 indicates a data holding state.
- the storage state of data “1” is at the operating point A where V DD is applied, due to the hysteresis characteristics of the ferroelectric memory cell.
- the accumulation state of data “0” is at the operating point D where the ground potential GND is applied due to the hysteresis characteristics of the ferroelectric memory cell.
- the period T1 from the timing t0 to the time t1 can hold data only by the charge charge
- the period T5 from the timing t4 to the time t5 can hold the data by both the charge charge and the residual polarization charge. It is said. While the data held as the charge charge is refreshed, the data is held as the residual polarization.
- a period U1 between timings t0 and t1 indicates a data holding state during normal operation.
- the accumulation state of the data “1” is at the operating point A where V DD is applied due to hysteresis characteristics.
- the accumulation state of data “0” is at the operating point B where the ground potential GND is applied due to the hysteresis characteristics of the ferroelectric memory cell.
- a period U3 between timings t6 and t13 indicates a data refresh operation in the FRAM operation mode.
- a period from timing t9 to t11 indicates a data write operation in the FRAM operation mode.
- V DD high level voltage
- the data “1” state is changed to the voltage V DD. Shift from the operating point A to which the voltage is applied to the operating point B at the GND level.
- the state of data “0” shifts from the operating point B at the GND level to the operating point C to which the negative voltage ⁇ V DD is applied.
- the period of the timing t11 to t13 also indicates the data write operation in the FRAM operation mode.
- the data “1” state is obtained. from the operating point B of the GND level, it shifts the operating point a the voltage V DD is applied.
- the state of data “0” shifts from the operating point C to which the negative voltage ⁇ V DD is applied to the operating point D at the GND level.
- a period from timing t13 to t15 indicates a data holding state.
- the accumulation state of data “1” is at the operating point A where V DD is applied, due to hysteresis characteristics.
- the accumulation state of data “0” is at the operating point D to which the ground potential GND is applied due to hysteresis characteristics.
- a data write operation is performed as remanent polarization while refreshing data. Note that a period U4 between timings t14 and t15 corresponds to a power-off period.
- a period U5 between timings t15 and t21 indicates a data read operation in the FRAM operation mode.
- the word line control signal WLC is turned on, the plate line control signal PLC is turned on, and the potential of the word line WL becomes high level.
- the bit line capacitance control signal BLCC is turned on, and the potential of the bit line capacitance control line BLC becomes high level.
- a period after timing t21 indicates a data holding state during normal operation. Similar to the period U1 between the timings t0 and t1, the accumulation state of the data “1” is at the operating point A where V DD is applied due to hysteresis characteristics. On the other hand, the accumulation state of data “0” is at the operating point B where the ground potential GND is applied due to the hysteresis characteristics of the ferroelectric memory cell.
- the load capacity adjustment cell is provided on the BL, and the capacity on the BL is set separately in the DRAM mode and the FRAM mode, thereby increasing the speed by reducing the BL capacity in the DRAM mode.
- the BL capacity can be secured in the FRAM mode.
- the DRAM during normal operation, can be operated in a DRAM operation mode with a small capacity load for high-speed operation, and in power-on / off, it can be operated in the FRAM operation mode for holding data during the power-off period. it can.
- the load capacitance adjustment cell can be configured with the same structure as the ferroelectric memory cell for holding data, and is connected to the BL via the access transistor only in the FRAM mode, so that the configuration is simple.
- the target ferroelectric memory cell in order to shorten the time for saving data (FRAM mode writing) that occurs when the power is shut down, the target ferroelectric memory cell is changed in the refresh cycle during normal operation (DRAM mode). Since the data is retained not only as the charge charge but also as the residual polarization charge, the data is nonvolatile and can be read in the DRAM mode. In this case, for example, when the refresh cycle and 10m sec, the number of polarization inversion in one second becomes 10 2 times. Therefore, since 3 years is about 10 8 seconds, there is no problem in durability even if polarization inversion is performed during refresh.
- ferroelectric memory cell when a DRAM mode read / write is performed on a ferroelectric memory cell after a refresh cycle, the ferroelectric memory cell retains data only with a charge charge.
- the data access location in the ferroelectric memory device tends to concentrate on the local portion, and the DRAM mode read is less likely to occur after the refresh cycle, so data is actually saved when the power is shut off.
- Ferroelectric memory cells can be limited to only a local portion, and a significant increase in speed can be achieved compared to saving all ferroelectric memory cell data.
- the operation speed can be increased to the same level as the SRAM.
- the present embodiment it is possible to reduce the number of polarization inversions and suppress the deterioration of the characteristics of the ferroelectric device as compared with the FRAM that performs the polarization inversions every time.
- the ferroelectric memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of fields such as a nonvolatile memory and an LSI embedded memory.
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Abstract
Description
14…周辺回路部
16…SRAMインタフェース(I/F)部
18,1811,1812,…,18n1,18n2…バンク(Bank)
20a,20b,20c,20d…行デコーダ
22,22a,22b,22c,22d…WL/PLドライバ
24a,24b,25a,25b…FRAMセルアレイ部
26…負荷容量調整アレイ部
28…センスアンプおよび列デコーダ
30…プリデコーダ
32…強誘電体メモリセル
34…負荷容量調整セル
36…負荷容量切替部
38…センスアンプ(SA)
40…入出力制御部(IO)
42…メモリ制御シーケンサ
BLC…ビット線容量制御線
CF,CF1,CF2,CF3…強誘電体キャパシタ
CS…強誘電体キャパシタCFの値
CB…ビット線容量
CL…負荷容量
VS…強誘電体キャパシタCFに蓄積される電圧
VB…ビット線BLの電圧
BL,#BL,BLT,BLB…ビット線
WL,WLT,WLB…ワード線
PL,PLT,PLB…プレート線
AD…アドレス信号
DS…データ信号
AR…行アドレス信号
AC…列アドレス信号
RDL…読出しデータ信号
WDL…書込みデータ信号
WLC…ワード線制御信号
PLC…プレート線制御信号
BLCC…ビット線容量制御信号
SAE…センスアンプ制御信号
OE…出力制御信号
WE…入力制御信号
RD…読出し要求信号
WR…書込み要求信号
REF…リフレッシュ要求信号
CLK…クロック信号
(強誘電体メモリ装置)
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置10は、図1に示すように、複数のバンク1811,1812,…,18n1,18n2と、周辺回路部14と、SRAMインタフェース(I/F)部16とを備える。SRAMI/F部16は、複数のバンク1811,1812,…,18n1,18nを外部と接続する際に、外部に対してSRAM互換のインタフェースを提供するものである。
第1の実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置10の1つのバンク18は、例えば、図2に示すように、FRAMセルアレイ部24a・24bと、FRAMセルアレイ部24a・24bに列方向に隣接してそれぞれ配置された負荷容量調整アレイ部26a・26bと、負荷容量調整アレイ部26a・26bに列方向に隣接して共通に配置されたセンスアンプおよび列デコーダ28と、FRAMセルアレイ部24a、24bに行方向に隣接して配置されたワード線/プレート線(WL/PL)ドライバ22a・22b、22c・22dと、ワード線/プレート線(WL/PL)ドライバ22a・22b、22c・22dにそれぞれ列方向に隣接して配置された行デコーダ20a・20b、20c・20dと、行デコーダ20a・20cおよびセンスアンプおよび列デコーダ28に隣接して配置され、アドレス信号ADを受信するプリデコーダ30とを備える。センスアンプおよび列デコーダ28は、データ信号DSを出力する。
本実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置10の1つのバンク18の別の詳細な模式的ブロック構成例は、例えば、図4に示すように、FRAMセルアレイ部25a・25bと、FRAMセルアレイ部25a・25bに列方向に隣接して配置された共通のセンスアンプおよび列デコーダ28と、FRAMセルアレイ部25aに対して行方向に隣接して配置されたWL/PLドライバ22a・22bと、FRAMセルアレイ部25bに対して行方向に隣接して配置されたWL/PLドライバ22c・22dと、WL/PLドライバ22a・22bに隣接して列方向に配置された行デコーダ20a・20bと、WL/PLドライバ22c・22dに隣接して列方向に配置された行デコーダ20c・20dとを備える。さらに、行デコーダ20a・20cおよびセンスアンプおよび列デコーダ28に隣接して配置され、アドレス信号ADを受信するプリデコーダ30aを備える。さらにまた、行デコーダ20b・20dおよびセンスアンプおよび列デコーダ28に隣接して配置され、アドレス信号ADを受信するプリデコーダ30bを備える。
本実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置の動作の概略を図5に示すタイミングチャートを用いて説明する。
本実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置において、通常動作時(DRAM動作モード)の強誘電体メモリセルの読出し動作を、図6に示す回路構成を参照して説明する。
ビット線BLの電圧VBは、CSとCBの大きさで決まる。CBが小さい方が信号振幅が大きくなり、高速動作に適する。
本実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置において、FRAM動作モードの強誘電体メモリセルの読出し動作を、図10に示す回路構成を参照して説明する。
プレート線PLの電圧が接地電位(GND)からVDDまで上昇することにより、ΔQ=CS・VS=CB・(VDD-VS)が成立する。したがって、強誘電体キャパシタCFに蓄積される電圧VS=CB・VDD/(CS+CB)が成立する。ここで、負荷容量調整トランジスタQLがオン状態となり、ビット線BLの容量値は(CB+CL)の大容量の状態に調整されることによって、VS=(CB+CL)・VDD/(CS+CB+CL)が成立する。
本実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置において、強誘電体メモリセルのリフレッシュ動作を図14に示す回路構成および図15(a)に示す動作波形を用いて説明する。また、充電電荷でのみデータを保持する強誘電体メモリセルのヒステリシス特性上の動作は、図15(b)に示すように表され、データ書込み動作時(FRAM動作モード)のヒステリシス特性上の動作は、図15(c)および図15(d)に示すように表され、充電電荷および残留分極電荷の両方でデータを保持するヒステリシス特性上の動作は、図15(e)に示すように表される。
本実施の形態に係る強誘電体メモリ装置の1つのバンクとして、図4に示されたバンクの構成例2の動作タイミングチャートは、図16に示すように表される。
(a)まず、タイミングt0~t1の期間U1は、通常動作時のデータ保持状態を示す。図15(b)に示したように、データ“1”の蓄積状態は、ヒステリシス特性上、VDDが印加された動作点Aにある。一方、データ“0”の蓄積状態は、強誘電体メモリセルのヒステリシス特性上、接地電位GNDが印加された動作点Bにある。
タイミングt1~t5の期間U2において、DRAM動作モードのデータ読出し動作を実線で示す。
タイミングt1~t5の期間U2において、DRAM動作モードのデータ書込み動作を点線で示す。
タイミングt6~t13の期間U3は、FRAM動作モードのデータリフレッシュ動作を示す。
タイミングt13~t15の期間は、データ保持状態を示す。図15(e)に示したように、データ“1”の蓄積状態は、ヒステリシス特性上、VDDが印加された動作点Aにある。一方、データ“0”の蓄積状態は、ヒステリシス特性上、接地電位GNDが印加された動作点Dにある。タイミングt13~t15のうち電源投入している期間は、充電電荷および残留分極電荷の両方でデータ保持を可能としている。データをリフレッシュしつつ、残留分極としてデータ書込み動作を行っている。尚、タイミングt14~t15の間の期間U4は、電源遮断期間に相当する。
タイミングt15~t21の間の期間U5は、FRAM動作モードのデータ読出し動作を示す。
(r)タイミングt21以降の期間は、通常動作時のデータ保持状態を示す。タイミングt0~t1の期間U1と同様に、データ“1”の蓄積状態は、ヒステリシス特性上、VDDが印加された動作点Aにある。一方、データ“0”の蓄積状態は、強誘電体メモリセルのヒステリシス特性上、接地電位GNDが印加された動作点Bにある。
上記のように、本発明は第1乃至第2の実施の形態によって記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述および図面はこの発明を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。この開示から当業者には様々な代替実施の形態、実施例および運用技術が明らかとなろう。
Claims (8)
- 列方向に配置された複数のビット線と、
前記ビット線に直交し、行方向に配置された複数のワード線と、
前記ビット線に直交し、行方向に配置された複数のプレート線と、
前記ビット線に直交し、行方向に配置されたビット線制御線と、
前記複数のビット線と前記複数のワード線および前記プレート線の交差部に配置され、一方の電極を前記プレート線に接続された強誘電体キャパシタと、前記強誘電体キャパシタの他方の電極にソース,前記ビット線にドレイン,前記ワード線にゲートを接続されたメモリセルトランジスタからなる強誘電体メモリセルと、
前記複数のビット線と前記ビット線制御線の交差部に配置され、一方の電極を接地電位に接続された負荷容量と、前記負荷容量の他方の電極にソース,前記ビット線にドレイン,前記ビット線制御線にゲートを接続された負荷容量調整トランジスタからなる負荷容量調整セルと
を備えることを特徴とする強誘電体メモリ装置。 - 前記強誘電体キャパシタは、少なくとも1つの強誘電体薄膜を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
- 前記強誘電体メモリセル内のデータは、前記強誘電体キャパシタに充電される電荷、あるいは、前記強誘電体薄膜内部の残留分極電荷によって保持されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
- 前記強誘電体メモリセルが接続される前記ビット線の容量を調整することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
- 前記負荷容量調整セルは、前記強誘電体メモリセル内のデータを読み出す際、前記強誘電体キャパシタに充電される充電電荷で保持される場合と、前記強誘電体薄膜内部の残留分極電荷によって保持される場合とで、前記ビット線の容量を切り換えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
- 前記強誘電体キャパシタに充電される充電電荷で保持される場合、リフレッシュ動作時に、前記強誘電体薄膜内部の残留分極電荷としてもデータを保持することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
- 電源遮断後に、前記強誘電体薄膜内部の残留分極電荷としてデータを保持していないメモリセルに対して、前記強誘電体薄膜内部の残留分極電荷としてデータを保持することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
- 電源投入後に、前記強誘電体薄膜内部の残留分極電荷としてデータを保持しているメモリセルに対し、前記強誘電体キャパシタに充電される充電電荷としてデータを保持することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の強誘電体メモリ装置。
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