WO2009107173A1 - 位相制御装置及びそれを用いたデータ通信システム - Google Patents
位相制御装置及びそれを用いたデータ通信システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107173A1 WO2009107173A1 PCT/JP2008/003060 JP2008003060W WO2009107173A1 WO 2009107173 A1 WO2009107173 A1 WO 2009107173A1 JP 2008003060 W JP2008003060 W JP 2008003060W WO 2009107173 A1 WO2009107173 A1 WO 2009107173A1
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- data communication
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/156—Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/84—Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/13—Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
- H03K5/135—Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals by the use of time reference signals, e.g. clock signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/07—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop using several loops, e.g. for redundant clock signal generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/081—Details of the phase-locked loop provided with an additional controlled phase shifter
- H03L7/0812—Details of the phase-locked loop provided with an additional controlled phase shifter and where no voltage or current controlled oscillator is used
- H03L7/0814—Details of the phase-locked loop provided with an additional controlled phase shifter and where no voltage or current controlled oscillator is used the phase shifting device being digitally controlled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/099—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
- H03L7/0995—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop the oscillator comprising a ring oscillator
- H03L7/0998—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop the oscillator comprising a ring oscillator using phase interpolation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B15/00—Suppression or limitation of noise or interference
- H04B15/02—Reducing interference from electric apparatus by means located at or near the interfering apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K2005/00013—Delay, i.e. output pulse is delayed after input pulse and pulse length of output pulse is dependent on pulse length of input pulse
- H03K2005/00019—Variable delay
- H03K2005/00026—Variable delay controlled by an analog electrical signal, e.g. obtained after conversion by a D/A converter
- H03K2005/00052—Variable delay controlled by an analog electrical signal, e.g. obtained after conversion by a D/A converter by mixing the outputs of fixed delayed signals with each other or with the input signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2215/00—Reducing interference at the transmission system level
- H04B2215/064—Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics
- H04B2215/067—Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics by modulation dispersion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phase adjustment device for adjusting the phase of an internal clock of an LSI and a data communication system using the phase adjustment function.
- clock recovery and spread-spectrum-clocking may be performed by adjusting the phase of the clock (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- the phase control device for adjusting the phase of the clock uses the phase interpolator PI as shown in FIG. 3A, and inputs the digital control codes PICTRL and NPICCTRL to the phase interpolator PI.
- the phase interpolation of the pair of differential clock inputs (A +, A ⁇ , B +, B ⁇ ) is performed, and the phase clocks (OUT +, OUT) corresponding to the control code are obtained as shown in FIG. -) Is output.
- the granularity of adjustment per bit is about 10 ps.
- frequency modulation is performed with this granularity, if the clock is several tens of MHz, 0.5% (5000 ppm) modulation is possible with every shift of about 10 ps.
- a particle size of about 0.1 ps is required with a modulation of 0.5% (5000 ppm). Therefore, in the related art, instead of shifting the clock every time, it is shifted only once every several times so that the average amount is about 0.1 ps.
- the peak power reduction value due to frequency modulation is limited to about 5 dB.
- phase shift granularity is still a bottleneck, which limits the speedup of clock recovery. was there.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the peak power reduction value of the spread-spectrum-clocking (SSC) and speed up the clock recovery by reducing the phase adjustment granularity in the phase control device.
- SSC spread-spectrum-clocking
- the phase adjusters are provided in multiple stages so as to be connected in cascade, and the control codes of these phase adjusters are changed in conjunction with each other, The amount of phase adjustment is made smaller than in the case of the phase adjuster alone.
- the phase control device is a phase control device including a phase adjuster that receives a first clock, a second clock, and a control code, and outputs a clock having a phase corresponding to the control code.
- the adjusters are provided in multiple stages so as to be connected in cascade, and the control codes of the multi-stage phase adjusters are changed in conjunction with each other.
- the present invention is characterized in that, in the phase control device, the control code of the multi-stage phase adjuster is periodically changed in time series so that the frequency modulation of the output clock is performed in the cycle.
- the data communication system of the present invention includes the phase control device, and the phase control device is provided for clock phase adjustment.
- the data communication system of the present invention includes the phase control device, and frequency modulation of communication data is performed by a clock from the phase control device.
- the present invention is characterized in that, in the data communication system, the adjustment amount of the phase adjustment from the phase control device is dynamically changed according to input data.
- the present invention includes an equalizer for equalizing the input data, oversamples the input data by a plurality of clocks to the phase adjuster, and determines the strength of the equalizer based on the result of the oversampling. It is characterized by setting.
- the phase adjustment granularity is reduced to the power of N, as compared with the case where the phase is adjusted by a single phase adjuster. Therefore, when used for SSC, the peak power reduction value can be improved, and when applied to a clock recovery circuit, the speed can be increased.
- the control code of the phase adjuster by changing the control code of the phase adjuster periodically in time series so that the frequency modulation of the output clock is performed in this period, the peak power of the clock can be reduced, and the clock If the phase adjustment is used, the clock can be controlled minutely, so that the speed of the data communication system can be increased.
- the phase adjustment device since the phase adjustment device is applied to a data communication system to perform frequency modulation of communication data, the peak power of electromagnetic radiation (EMI) from data in the transmission line can be reduced.
- EMI electromagnetic radiation
- the clock shift amount can be increased.
- the following performance that is, so-called jitter tolerance can be improved.
- the input data is oversampled, and the equalizer strength is set based on the result. Therefore, the equalizer can be adaptively controlled according to the characteristics of the external transmission line, and the communication quality can be controlled. Can be improved.
- the phase resolution (adjustment granularity) of the phase adjuster can be made smaller than in the case where the phase is adjusted by a single phase adjuster.
- the peak power reduction value can be improved, and when applied to a clock recovery circuit, the speed can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a phase control apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a clock selector provided in the phase control device.
- FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram of a phase interpolator provided in the phase control device, and
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a simulation result of phase interpolation by the phase interpolator.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a code generator provided in the phase control device.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a state diagram of a state machine provided in the phase control device, and
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a state of frequency modulation by the state machine.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining how phase shift is repeated by adding Buddy Clock by ⁇ T in phase adjustment of the phase control device
- FIG. 6B is a phase adjustment when BuddydClock is shifted to 31 ⁇ T. It is a figure explaining a mode.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the duty cycle collector provided in the phase control device.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a data communication system provided with the same phase control device.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a phase control device (DPC) provided in the data communication system.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state diagram of a receiver provided in the data communication system.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a simulation result of jitter tolerance when the phase shift amount is dynamically changed in the receiver.
- FIG. DPC phase control device
- FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of frequency modulation.
- FIG. 13A is a circuit diagram of an equalizer provided in the receiver
- FIG. 13B is a circuit diagram of a receiver amplifier provided in the equalizer.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an adjustment sequence of the equalizer.
- the phase control device DFC shown in FIG. 1 includes complementary clock phase shifters CPS-t and CPS-c that receive six-phase clocks of 750 MHz from the PLL 1 and a duty cycle collector DCC.
- Each of the clock phase shifters CPS-t and CPS-c includes two clock selectors CS1 and CS2 for selecting two pairs of differential clocks from the six-phase clocks from the PLL1, and a difference selected by the clock selector.
- a code generator CG for supplying control codes af_s, af_e, pi_code_s, pi_code_e to the phase interpolators (PI-11, PI-12), PI-2 and the clock selectors CS1, CS2, and this code
- a state machine SM that controls the generator CG, and controls the phase from the second-stage face interpolator PI-2.
- Clock is supplied to the duty cycle collector DCC.
- the duty cycle collector DCC includes a third-stage phase interpolator PI-3 that interpolates clocks from the complementary clock phase shifters CPS-t and CPS-c, and a differential between the phase interpolator PI-3. And a DS converter (DtoS) for differential / single conversion of the clock.
- DtoS DS converter
- the clock selectors CS1 and CS2 are combinations of a plurality of switches in the first selector 10 and the second selector 11 corresponding to the complementary clock phase shifters CPS-t and CPS-c.
- the control signal af two pairs of differential clocks (first and second clocks) A +, A ⁇ , B +, and B ⁇ are selected.
- the three-stage phase interpolators (PI-11, PI-12), PI-2, and PI-3 are the same as those shown in FIG. Phase control is implemented.
- This phase interpolator is used in cascade as shown in FIG. 1.
- the first stage phase interpolator (PI-11, PI-12) has a granularity of 32 gradations and has two stages.
- the eye phase interpolator PI-2 has a granularity of 32 ⁇ 32 and 1024 gradations.
- the center phase is selected for duty correction, so that it has a granularity of two gradations.
- a phase shift of 2048 gradations is possible with a three-stage phase interpolator.
- the code generator CG includes a 5-bit counter 5, 6 and a 3-bit counter 7, and two adders 8, 9, and controls the control signals up_dn, mode from the state machine SM. , Count according to SM_carry.
- the mode decoder MD controls the step of the counter and switches between incrementing and decrementing the count according to the up / down signal up_dn.
- the control codes af_s and af_e of the clock selectors CS1 and CS2 and the control codes pi_code_s and pi_code_e of the first phase interpolators (PI-11 and PI-12) are control codes of the clock selectors CS1 and CS2.
- the control codes pi_code_s and pi_code_e of the phase interpolators (PI-11 and PI-12) are in a lower bit relationship, and the lower control codes pi_code_s and pi_code_e are full.
- the clock selector CS1 and CS2 select a clock for phase interpolation, and the phase of the selected clock is slightly interpolated by a phase interpolator (PI-11 and PI-12).
- FIG. 5 shows a state diagram of the state machine SM.
- This state machine SM has 33 states as shown in FIG. 9A, and each state has a frequency modulation amount (shift amount) as shown in FIG. It corresponds to. That is, the frequency modulation of 0.52% at the peak is realized while the frequency is delicately modulated with a period of 30 ⁇ s.
- this phase control device DFC 750 MHz (2T period) clocks Base Clock and Buddy Clock are selected to have a phase difference of T / 3, and as shown in FIG. The phase shift is repeated by adding (T / 3/32). As a result, the output of the phase interpolator PI-2 at the second stage is a clock whose frequency is modulated in accordance with the shift amount of ⁇ T / 32. Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the Buddy Clock is shifted to 31 ⁇ T, that is, when the control code pi_code_e becomes full, the control code pi_code_s of the Base Clock is incremented and shifted by ⁇ T.
- control code and the duty cycle collector DCC will be described with reference to FIG.
- the control code pi_code_e operates at 750 MHz, and an interleave operation is performed with a complementary clock to realize substantially 1.5 GHz. For this reason, since the control code is updated every 2T period, the clock Hi period and the Lo period are shifted by ⁇ T. In order to compensate for this, the duty is corrected by aligning the Hi period and the Lo period by selecting the center phase with the duty cycle collector DCC.
- phase interpolators PI-11, PI-12), PI-2, and PI-3 are combined in tandem in multiple stages, and the subsequent stages of these control codes are used as the lower LSB and the previous stages are used.
- a very slight phase shift can be realized.
- even with a high-speed clock of 1.5 GHz it is possible to realize a small and direct clock frequency modulation of 0.5% (5000 ppm) by phase shifting each time.
- FIG. 8 shows a data communication system using the above-described phase control device DFC.
- the data communication system shown in FIG. 8 includes a six-phase PLL 1, a transmitter TX, and a receiver RX.
- the transmitter TX includes the above-described phase control device DFC, and operates the parallel / serial converter (P / S) 20 with a clock that has been subjected to frequency modulation by the above-described operation, so that data TD, Send NTD. Since the frequency of this data is subtly modulated, a reduction in the peak power of EMI in the transmission data is achieved.
- the receiver RX includes a phase control device DPC different from the phase control device DFC provided in the transmitter TX.
- the phase control device DPC realizes clock recovery by shifting the phase of the clock according to the phase of the input data.
- this phase control device DPC basically operates in the same manner as the phase control device DFC of the transmitter TX.
- the code generator CG detects the detection results of the phase detectors 30a and 30b. Generate control code. That is, the input data and the recovery clock R_CLK are compared, the delay / advance UP / DN is filtered by the digital filter, and the control code is generated by moving the state of the state machine based on the result.
- Figure 10 shows the state diagram on the receiver RX side. As described above, the phase shift amount is changed according to the state, and the state transition is performed by counting the delay DN or the number of consecutive advance UPs N_step.
- the shift amount is small, but when the delay or advance continues for a predetermined number of times (K1) or more, the state shifts to a state (0.02 UI) that doubles the shift amount. This is because the fact that the advance and delay are continuous determines that the frequency shift is large, and the shift amount is increased so that the shift can be followed.
- K1 the delay or advance continues for a predetermined number of times
- K3 the state shifts to a state (0.02 UI) that doubles the shift amount.
- the tracking performance on the low frequency side is lower than that in the case of fixing to a small shift amount (0.01 UI) as shown in the simulation result of FIG. Will improve. This is because, since the shift amount is changed by counting the number of repetitions of delay and advance, the follow-up amount increases as the frequency decreases (large count value).
- the receiver RX is provided with an equalizer 30 for equalizing input data, and the strength of the equalizer 30 is changed based on the result of over-sampling using the multiphase clock from the PLL 1. Thus, good data is input to the phase control device DPC.
- the equalizer 30 subtracts an input signal delayed by one bit time (1T) by a receiver amplifier 30a, and is configured as a so-called IIR type.
- the 1 bit time (1T) delay is generated by applying a bias current from the PLL 1 to the delay line 30b of the VCO replica as shown in FIG. Further, this delay can be finely adjusted by an external adjustment bit delay_ctrl.
- the receiver amplifier 30a makes the intensity of the signal that has passed through the delay line 30b in accordance with the digital control bit eq_ctrl, and subtracts it from the input data to obtain an IIR type signal. Equalization is being implemented.
- the present embodiment since a very small phase shift can be realized, even with a high-speed clock, it is possible to realize a minute frequency modulation by directly shifting the phase every time. As a result, the EMI peak power can be reduced more favorably than the conventional intermittent phase shift. In addition, this slight shift allows the clock edge to be adjusted to the optimum point even for data with a short bit time, so that the clock recovery performance can be improved and the speed can be increased. Furthermore, by dynamically changing the shift amount, it is possible to achieve both high frequency stability and low frequency tracking performance in jitter tolerance.
- the present invention can reduce the phase resolution (adjustment granularity) of the phase adjuster as compared with the case of adjusting the phase with the phase adjuster alone, and therefore, when used for SSC. It is useful as a phase adjustment device, such as improving the peak power reduction value or speeding up when applied to a clock recovery circuit, and using this phase adjustment device, electromagnetic radiation (EMI from data in a transmission line) It can also be used as a data communication system for reducing peak power and improving jitter tolerance.
- phase adjustment device such as improving the peak power reduction value or speeding up when applied to a clock recovery circuit, and using this phase adjustment device, electromagnetic radiation (EMI from data in a transmission line)
- EMI electromagnetic radiation
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Abstract
Description
M. Aoyama, K. Ogasawara, M. Sugawara, T. Ishibashi, T. Ishibashi, S. Shimoyama, K. Yamaguchi, and T. Yanagida, "3Gbps, 5000ppm Spread Spectrum SerDes PHY with frequency tracking Phase Interpolator for Serial ATA," 2003 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers pp. 107-110, June 2003.
PI-11,PI-12,
PI-2,PI-3 フェーズインターポレータ(位相調整器)
CPS-t,CPS-c クロックフェーズシフタ
DCC デューティサイクルコレクタ
DtoS 差動シングル変換器
CS1,CS2 クロックセレクタ
CG コードジェネレータ
SM ステートマシン
TX トランスミッタ
RX レシーバ
30 イコライザ
Claims (6)
- 第1のクロック、第2のクロック及び制御コードを受け、その制御コードに対応した位相のクロックを出力する位相調整器を備えた位相制御装置において、
前記位相調整器は、縦列接続となるように多段に設けられ、
前記多段の位相調整器の制御コードは、互いに連動して変化させられる
ことを特徴とする位相制御装置。 - 前記請求項1記載の位相制御装置において、
前記多段の位相調整器の制御コードを時系列的に周期的に変化させることにより、当該周期で出力クロックの周波数変調を実施させる
ことを特徴とする位相制御装置。 - 前記請求項1記載の位相制御装置を備え、
前記位相制御装置がクロックの位相調整用に供されている
ことを特徴とするデータ通信システム。 - 前記請求項2記載の位相制御装置を備え、
前記位相制御装置からのクロックにより、通信データの周波数変調が実施される
ことを特徴とするデータ通信システム。 - 前記請求項3記載のデータ通信システムにおいて、
前記位相制御装置からの位相調整の調整量を入力データに応じて動的に変化させるようにした
ことを特徴とするデータ通信システム。 - 前記請求項5記載のデータ通信システムにおいて、
前記入力データを等化するイコライザを備え、
前記位相調整器への複数クロックにより入力データをオーバーサンプリングし、このオーバーサンプリングの結果に基づいて、前記イコライザの強度設定を実施する
ことを特徴とするデータ通信システム。
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US12/811,489 US20100283525A1 (en) | 2008-02-25 | 2008-10-28 | Phase control device and data communication system using it |
CN2008801274637A CN101965685A (zh) | 2008-02-25 | 2008-10-28 | 相位控制装置和使用了该装置的数据通信系统 |
JP2010500457A JPWO2009107173A1 (ja) | 2008-02-25 | 2008-10-28 | 位相制御装置及びそれを用いたデータ通信システム |
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US8666013B1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2014-03-04 | Altera Corporation | Techniques for clock data recovery |
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TWI658700B (zh) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-05-01 | 創意電子股份有限公司 | 積體電路、多通道傳輸裝置及其信號傳輸方法 |
US11133793B1 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-09-28 | Cadence Design Systems, Inc. | Phase interpolator with phase adjuster for step resolution |
KR20230052554A (ko) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-04-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 딜레이 회로 및 이를 포함하는 클록 에러 보정 장치 |
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US6114914A (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-09-05 | Cypress Semiconductor Corp. | Fractional synthesis scheme for generating periodic signals |
JP4342654B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-12 | 2009-10-14 | 富士通マイクロエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 遅延回路および半導体集積回路 |
KR101300659B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-19 | 2013-08-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 등화기를 갖는 수신기 및 그것의 등화방법 |
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2008
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- 2008-10-28 CN CN2008801274637A patent/CN101965685A/zh active Pending
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JPH10335991A (ja) * | 1997-05-12 | 1998-12-18 | Hewlett Packard Co <Hp> | 電圧制御リング発振器 |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2015056886A (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-23 | 富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 | 信号アライメント回路、データ処理回路、システム及びicチップ |
JP2018525898A (ja) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-09-06 | ザイリンクス インコーポレイテッドXilinx Incorporated | クロック回復回路 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2009107173A1 (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
US20100283525A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
CN101965685A (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
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