WO2009093425A1 - 広帯域光増幅器、光パルス発生装置及び光学機器 - Google Patents
広帯域光増幅器、光パルス発生装置及び光学機器 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- HVBDBNBRWGIRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrosoprocainamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(N=O)C=C1 HVBDBNBRWGIRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005383 fluoride glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
- G02F1/3507—Arrangements comprising two or more nonlinear optical devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
- G02F1/392—Parametric amplification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/56—Frequency comb synthesizer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0092—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a broadband optical amplifier for generating an ultrashort optical pulse, an optical pulse generator using the amplifier, and an optical apparatus using the optical pulse generator.
- a femtosecond pulse laser As an application example of a femtosecond pulse laser, there is an application to spectroscopy utilizing high time resolution. There are a number of phenomena characteristic of the femtosecond region, such as phase relaxation, internal conversion, photochemical reaction, and molecular vibration, and the applicability of femtosecond pulse lasers is expanding. Since such a phenomenon is observed in a very early time region of several tens of femtoseconds or less, a femtosecond pulse laser light source in an earlier time region is required. JP 2001-066653 A
- a femtosecond pulse laser light source that is an optical pulse generator for ultrashort light pulses or attosecond pulses of less than 5 femtoseconds.
- the broadband optical amplifier according to the first aspect is configured to obtain amplified light having a wavelength in the first range amplified from a predetermined wavelength range from the amplified light having a predetermined wavelength range and the first pumping light having the first wavelength.
- a wavelength in a second range different from the first range was amplified from the first amplifier to be emitted, the light to be amplified in which the wavelength in the first range was amplified, and the second pumping light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.
- An optical pulse generator includes a basic laser light source that outputs a predetermined frequency, a first converter that converts laser light from the basic laser light source into an Nth harmonic and emits first excitation light, A second converter that converts laser light from a basic laser light source into N + 1 harmonics and emits second excitation light, amplified light having a predetermined visible range, amplified light, and first excitation light
- the optical instrument according to the third aspect is an optical instrument using the optical pulse generator according to the second aspect.
- 1 is a schematic diagram of a broadband optical amplifier 10 of a first embodiment. It is a figure which shows that signal light is amplified by excitation light. It is the schematic of the broadband optical amplifier 30 of 2nd Example. It is a conceptual diagram regarding the amplification of the white light WH of 1st Example and 2nd Example. It is the schematic of the broadband optical amplifier 30 of 3rd Example. It is the schematic of the broadband optical amplifier 40 of 4th Example. It is a schematic block diagram of the two-photon excitation fluorescence microscope apparatus 51 using the femtosecond pulse laser light source using the broadband optical amplifier from 1st to 4th embodiment as a light source. It is a block diagram of the microscope part of the nonlinear optical microscope apparatus 53 using the femtosecond pulse laser light source using the broadband optical amplifier from 1st to 4th embodiment as a light source.
- Beam expander 114 ... Relay optical system 115 ... Dichroic mirror 117A, 119 ... Aperture 117 ... Objective lens 118 ... Imaging lenses 120, 124, 127, 129 ... Lens DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 121 ... Femtosecond pulse laser light source, 122 ... Laser light source 125 ... Mirror 126 ... Spectroscopic element 128 ... Light shielding member 130 ... Control unit 200, 300 ... Detection part 201 ... Photomultiplier tube (PMT) 211 ... Band-pass filter for observation of two-photon excitation 211 '... Band-pass filter that transmits second harmonic and transmits other light
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a broadband optical amplifier 10.
- the broadband optical amplifier 10 includes a titanium sapphire laser light source TSL, a beam splitter BS, and a first frequency converter and a second frequency converter into which one light beam L1 branched by the beam splitter BS is incident. It has.
- the first frequency converter is, for example, a second harmonic generator SHG
- the second frequency converter is, for example, a third harmonic generator THG.
- the broadband optical amplifier 10 includes a self-phase modulator SPM on which the other light beam L1 branched by the beam splitter BS enters, a prism PR that is a refractive optical element that refracts the light beam, and a first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier ( Non-collinear Optical Parametric Amplifier) NOPA1 and a second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2.
- the principle of the non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA is an extension of the generally known OPA principle, and is simply as follows.
- OPA is amplification by second-order nonlinear polarization of a nonlinear optical crystal, and amplification occurs in the nonlinear optical crystal under the condition that the excitation light, signal light, and idler light satisfy the energy conservation law and the momentum conservation law simultaneously.
- the law of conservation of momentum is equivalent to the phase matching condition between the excitation light and the signal light.
- the signal light is amplified by an optical parametric effect.
- the band satisfying the phase matching condition is limited to a narrow range, and the pulse width is not narrowed to about 20 fs or less.
- NOPA makes it possible to amplify broadband light such as white light by removing such restrictions.
- the signal light and the excitation light are incident on the nonlinear optical crystal at a certain non-coaxial angle, the projection component in the signal light direction of the group velocity of the idler light matches the group velocity of the signal light, and the group of the signal light and the idler light The speed mismatch disappears and a bandwidth that is an order of magnitude larger than that of the coaxial arrangement can be obtained.
- phase matching type-I and type-II.
- NOPA is a type-I phase matching in which the excitation light is an extraordinary ray and signal light and idler light are ordinary rays. Configure.
- the gain and gain band due to amplification depend on parameters such as the cutting angle of the nonlinear optical crystal, the non-coaxial angle between the pumping light and the signal light, and the incident angle of the pumping light. These optimum values can be calculated by numerical calculation. Is possible.
- the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL emits a light beam L1 having an output of 1.4 w, a pulse width of 100 fs, a repetitive pulse of 1 kHz, and a wavelength of 790 nm.
- the light beam L1 emitted from the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL is branched by the beam splitter BS.
- About 90% of the light beam L1 emitted by the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL is directed to the second harmonic generator SHG, and about 10% or less of the light beam L1 is directed to the self-phase modulator SPM.
- One light beam L1 branched by the beam splitter BS is incident on the second harmonic generator SHG, and the light beam L1 from the second harmonic generator SHG and the light beam L2 which is the second harmonic light having a wavelength of 395 nm are generated. Emitted.
- the light beam L1 and the light beam L2 are incident on the third harmonic generator THG, and the light beam L1, the light beam L2, and a light beam L3 having a wavelength of 263 nm are emitted from the third harmonic generator THG.
- the light beam L2 and the light beam L3 become pump light of a white light beam WH described later.
- the light beam L1, the light beam L2, and the light beam L3 are incident on the refractive optical element.
- the refractive optical element is, for example, a prism PR.
- the prism PR separates the light beam L1, the light beam L2, and the light beam L3 according to the difference in refractive index depending on the wavelength.
- the separated light beam L2 is reflected by the first mirror M1 so as to enter the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 at a predetermined angle.
- the separated light beam L3 is reflected by the second mirror M2 so as to enter the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 at a predetermined angle.
- the other light beam L1 branched by the beam splitter BS enters the self-phase modulator SPM.
- the self-phase modulator SPM can modulate the frequency by a nonlinear refractive index change that occurs when the light is strongly condensed on the nonlinear medium, and convert the input light into white light having a broadband spectrum.
- the self-phase modulator SPM is specifically fluoride glass which is a nonlinear optical element, and converts the light beam L1 of the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL into a white light beam WH having a wavelength width of at least 350 nm to 790 nm.
- This white light WH becomes signal light that is the amplified light of the broadband optical amplifier 10, and is transmitted to the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 at a predetermined angle. Reflected by the third mirror M3 and the fourth mirror M4 so as to enter.
- the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 are composed of nonlinear optical crystals, specifically, BBO ( ⁇ -BaB 2 O 4 ) crystal, KABO (K 2 Al 2 B). 2 O 7 ) crystals, BNA crystals or LBO (LiB 3 O 5 ) crystals can be used. These are crystals that have the property of interacting simultaneously with two or more types of light waves. Since the performance of BBO crystals and the like varies depending on humidity, dry nitrogen purge is performed to keep the performance of BBO crystals and the like constant.
- the white light beam WH as the signal light and the light beam L2 as the excitation light are incident on the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 at a non-coaxial angle. Then, the light L2 enters the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1, thereby exciting the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and generating idler light ID in the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1.
- the white light beam WH that is the signal light is amplified.
- the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 emits the amplified signal light L11.
- the amplified signal light L11 is incident on the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 at a non-coaxial angle with the light beam L3 that is the excitation light. Then, the light beam L3 is incident on the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 to excite the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2, and idler light ID is generated in the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2.
- the projection component in the signal light direction of the group velocity of the idler light ID coincides with the group velocity of the signal light L11, the signal light L11 is amplified. Then, the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 emits the amplified signal light L12.
- the white light WH has a wavelength width of at least 350 nm to 790 nm and a low intensity.
- 1 is a diagram showing the wavelength and intensity of the light beam L11 from the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 to the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2.
- the wavelength range from about 500 nm to 790 nm of the light beam L11 is amplified by several tens to several hundred times by the excitation of the light beam L2 (wavelength 395 nm).
- the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm of the light beam L11 is not amplified by the excitation of the light beam L2 (wavelength 395).
- 1 is a diagram showing the wavelength and intensity of the light beam L12 after the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2.
- the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm is amplified about several tens to several hundred times by the excitation of the light beam L3 (wavelength 263 nm).
- the light beam L12 is amplified in the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 790 nm, together with the wavelength range of about 500 nm to 790 nm of the already amplified light beam L11.
- FIG. 2 (a) when the light beam L2 which is pumping light enters the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1, the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 is excited, idler ID is generated, and the white light WH is generated. Amplify. In (a), it is depicted as amplification several times, but it can be amplified several tens to several hundreds. Similarly, when the light beam L3 which is pumping light enters the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2, the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 is excited, idler light ID is generated, and the signal light L11 is amplified. However, FIG. 2A is drawn on the assumption that the projection component in the signal light direction of the group velocity of the idler light ID matches the group velocity of the signal light L11.
- the direction in which the idler light ID is generated differs depending on the wavelength of the excitation light entering the non-colinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA such as a BBO crystal, the type of BBO crystal, the crystal axis, and the like.
- NOPA non-colinear optical parametric amplifier
- FIG. 2B shows the relationship between the signal light and the excitation light incident on the non-colinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA such as a BBO crystal.
- NOPA non-colinear optical parametric amplifier
- FIG. 2C shows the amplified signal light when the parameters such as the inner angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ are optimum
- FIG. 2D shows the signal light amplified when the parameters such as the inner angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ are inappropriate. Signal light is shown.
- the signal light is appropriately amplified in the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2, it is amplified in a wide range from 350 nm to 790 nm. .
- the inner angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ are not appropriate, a part of a wide area from 350 nm to 790 nm may not be amplified as shown in FIG. This makes it impossible to generate an ultrashort light pulse having a pulse width of less than 5 femtoseconds.
- wavelength range that is amplified by the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the wavelength range that is amplified by the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 partially overlap, as long as there is no wavelength range that is not amplified. May be.
- the amplified light and the first excitation light enter the first amplifier, the first range of wavelengths is amplified, and the first range of wavelengths is amplified.
- the second excitation light enters the second amplifier, and a wavelength in a second range different from the first range is amplified. For this reason, it is possible to amplify broadband light combining the wavelength in the first range and the wavelength in the second range.
- the first excitation light and the second excitation light of the Nth harmonic and the (N + 1) th harmonic are generated from the basic laser light source that outputs laser light of a predetermined wavelength.
- the first amplifier wavelength and the second amplifier wavelength of the amplified light having a predetermined wavelength range are amplified by the first amplifier and the second amplifier, respectively.
- it is possible to amplify broadband light combining the wavelength of the first range and the wavelength of the second range it is possible to generate an ultrashort optical pulse having a pulse width of less than 5 femtoseconds using the broadband light. Can do.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the broadband optical amplifier 20.
- the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Particularly, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the broadband optical amplifier 20 of the second embodiment is different from the broadband optical amplifier 10 of the first embodiment in that the positions of the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 are switched. Therefore, the first mirror M1 has a different arrangement position so that the light beam L2 is incident on the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 at a predetermined angle, and the light beam L3 is incident on the second non-colinear light beam at a predetermined angle. The arrangement position of the second mirror M2 is different in order to enter the parametric amplifier NOPA2.
- the lower right diagram in FIG. 3 shows the white light WH from the self-phase modulator SPM to the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2, as in the first embodiment, and the intensity of the white light WH is weak.
- the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm is amplified about several tens to several hundred times by the excitation of the light beam L3 (wavelength 263 nm). That is, unlike the first embodiment, the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm is amplified first.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the wavelength and intensity of the light beam L22 after the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1.
- the wavelength range of about 500 nm to 790 nm is amplified about several tens to several hundred times by the excitation of the light beam L2 (wavelength 395 nm).
- the light beam L22 is amplified in the wavelength range from about 350 nm to 790 nm, together with the wavelength range from about 350 nm to 500 nm of the already amplified light beam L21.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram relating to amplification of white light WH in the first and second embodiments.
- the signal light has a wavelength range from 350 nm to 790 nm as shown in FIG.
- the white light WH that is the signal light and the second harmonic light (wavelength 395 nm) that is the excitation light are phase-matched non-coaxially by the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 shown in FIG.
- the projection component of the signal velocity direction of the group velocity of the idler ID matches the group velocity of the idler light ID.
- the wavelength range of about 500 nm to 790 nm of the white light WH is amplified by several tens to several hundred times.
- the white light WH and the third harmonic light (wavelength 263 nm) as excitation light are phase-matched non-coaxially by the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 shown in FIG. Projection components in the signal light direction of the group velocity of the idler light ID match.
- the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm of the white light WH is amplified by several tens to several hundred times.
- the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 790 nm is amplified as shown in FIG. ing.
- the following work is required.
- the angle at which the white light beam WH enters the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 is adjusted.
- the angle at which the light beam L2 (second harmonic light (wavelength 395 nm)) enters the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the light beam L3 (third harmonic light (wavelength 263 nm)) are the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2. Adjust the angle of incidence.
- the broadband optical amplifier 10 or the broadband optical amplifier 20 can amplify a wide range of light from about 350 nm to 790 nm, the theoretical calculation shown in FIG. 4E enables a wide range of amplification up to 478 THz (terahertz). can do. That is, it is possible to obtain an optical pulse generator that generates an ultrashort optical pulse having a pulse width of about 2 femtoseconds.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the broadband optical amplifier 30, and the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Particularly, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the broadband optical amplifier 30 of the third embodiment does not have the beam splitter BS and the self-phase modulator SPM. Instead, it has a white light source LP and a condenser lens LEN.
- the broadband optical amplifier 30 generates white light WH having a wavelength width of at least 350 nm to 790 nm by the white light source LP.
- the white light source LP emits coherent light having a wavelength width of 300 nm to 900 nm.
- a coherent light source having a wavelength width of 300 to 900 nm a light source utilizing properties such as a nonlinear optical fiber, a solid-state laser, or the like can be used.
- the white light WH becomes signal light of the broadband optical amplifier 30 and enters the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 and the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 at a predetermined angle.
- the light beam L1 of the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL enters the second harmonic generator SHG and enters the third harmonic generator THG. That is, in the third embodiment, the light beam L1 from the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL is used only for generating excitation light (light beam L2, light beam L3).
- the broadband optical amplifier 30 of the third embodiment uses, for example, a cylindrical lens CL having a small Abbe number as a refractive optical element. By using a high dispersion lens with a small Abbe number, it can be separated greatly for each wavelength.
- the cylindrical lens CL separates the light beam L1, the light beam L2, and the light beam L3 based on the difference in refractive index depending on the wavelength.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the broadband optical amplifier 40, and the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Particularly, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the broadband optical amplifier 40 of the fourth embodiment further includes a fourth harmonic generator FHG and a third non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA3.
- the fourth harmonic generator FHG emits a light beam L4 that is fourth harmonic light having a wavelength of 198 nm.
- the broadband optical amplifier 40 sets the fifth mirror M5 so that the light beam L4, which is the fourth harmonic light beam refracted by the prism PR, enters the third non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA3 at a predetermined angle. Have.
- the self-phase modulator SPM of the fourth embodiment converts the light beam L1 of the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL into a white light beam WH having a wavelength width of at least 310 nm to 790 nm.
- the white light beam WH as the signal light and the light beam L2 as the excitation light are incident on the first non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA1 at a non-coaxial angle.
- the excitation of the light beam L2 (wavelength 395 nm)
- the light beam L11 is amplified about several tens to several hundred times in the wavelength range of about 500 nm to 790 nm.
- the amplified signal light L11 is incident on the second non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA2 at a non-coaxial angle with the light beam L3 that is the excitation light. Then, the light beam L12 is amplified about several tens to several hundred times in the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm by excitation of the light beam L3 (wavelength 263 nm).
- the further amplified signal light L12 is incident on the third non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA3 at a non-coaxial angle with the light beam L4 that is the excitation light. Then, by the excitation of the light beam L4 (wavelength 198 nm), the light beam L13 is amplified about several tens to several hundred times in the wavelength range of about 310 nm to 350 nm. The light beam L13 is amplified in the wavelength range from about 310 nm to 790 nm, including the already amplified wavelength range of about 500 nm to 790 nm of the light beam L11 and the wavelength range of about 350 nm to 500 nm of the light beam L12.
- the broadband optical amplifier 40 of the fourth embodiment can enable a wide range of amplification up to 580 THz (terahertz) or more in theoretical calculation. As described above, by arranging the high-order harmonic generator FHG and the non-collinear optical parametric amplifier NOPA suitable for the pumping light, the broadband white light WH can be amplified.
- the femtosecond pulse is an optical pulse generator that can generate an ultrashort optical pulse whose pulse width is less than 5 femtoseconds.
- a laser light source can be provided.
- the present invention is not limited to the first to fourth embodiments, and many changes and modifications are possible.
- the broadband optical amplifier 10 can use third harmonic light and fourth harmonic light.
- the titanium sapphire laser light source TSL can be disposed outside the housing 11.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a two-photon excitation fluorescence microscope apparatus 51 using the femtosecond pulse laser light source 110 which is the optical pulse generator of the above embodiment.
- the two-photon excitation fluorescence microscope apparatus 51 includes a femtosecond pulsed laser light source 110, a stage 111 on which a specimen SM is placed, a beam expander 113, and a dichroic mirror 115.
- the femtosecond pulse laser light source 110 includes the broadband optical amplifier 10 described in the first embodiment.
- the broadband optical amplifier 20, 30 or 40 described in the second to fourth embodiments may be used.
- the microscope apparatus 51 also includes a scanner 116 in which a pair of galvanometer mirrors (X scanning mirror and Y scanning mirror) are arranged so that their rotation axes are orthogonal to each other, a relay optical system 114, an aperture 117A, and an objective lens 117.
- the detection unit 200, the stage 111, and the control unit 130 are provided.
- the aperture size of the aperture 117A is the same size as the pupil of the objective lens 117 or slightly larger than the pupil, and illumination light (or excitation light) described later is not blocked by the aperture 117A.
- the detection unit 200 includes an imaging lens 118, a diaphragm 119, a lens 120, a band pass filter 211, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) 201.
- the bandpass filter 211 transmits light of a predetermined wavelength and does not pass light of other wavelengths.
- the PMT 201 converts light into an electrical signal (fluorescence signal indicating the amount of fluorescence).
- the PMT 201 reads the fluorescence signal for each position in the observation area of the specimen SM.
- the control unit 130 creates a fluorescence image of the observation region of the sample SM based on each fluorescence signal read by the PMT 201.
- the control unit 130 rotates the galvanometer mirror of the scanner 116 to move the illumination light irradiation area (laser spot) within the plane of the stage 111. Further, the control unit 130 can move the stage 111 in the optical axis direction of the illumination light (the arrow direction in FIG. 7).
- the sample SM is placed on the stage 111.
- the specimen SM is a cell sample labeled with, for example, a fluorescent dye.
- the fluorescent dye has an excitation wavelength (wavelength excited by one-photon excitation) of 395 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 450 nm.
- the femtosecond pulse laser light source 110 emits femtosecond pulse laser light having a center wavelength of 790 nm as illumination light at a frequency of 1 kHz, for example.
- This illumination light is an ultrashort light pulse whose pulse width is less than 5 femtoseconds.
- Illumination light (near 790 nm) emitted from the femtosecond pulse laser light source 110 is converted into a light beam having a large diameter by the beam expander 113 and enters the dichroic mirror 115.
- the characteristic of the dichroic mirror 115 is set to a characteristic that reflects light having a wavelength in the vicinity of 790 nm and transmits light having a wavelength in the vicinity of 450 nm.
- the illumination light emitted from the femtosecond pulse laser light source 110 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 115, and after passing through the scanner 116, the relay optical system 114, the stop 117A, and the objective lens 117 in this order, is condensed toward the sample SM.
- the fluorescent molecules are excited two-photon to generate fluorescence that is signal light (two-photon excitation fluorescence).
- the size of the laser spot depends on the NA of the objective lens 117, and the larger the NA, the smaller the laser spot size, so that the spatial resolution of the apparatus increases.
- the two-photon excitation fluorescence (near 450 nm) generated at the laser spot traces the optical path of the illumination light forming the laser spot in the reverse direction, and sequentially passes through the objective lens 117, the aperture 117A, the relay optical system 114, and the scanner 116. Thereafter, the light passes through the dichroic mirror 115 and enters the detection unit 200.
- the two-photon excitation fluorescence that has entered the detection unit 200 enters the PMT 201 through the imaging lens 118, the diaphragm 119, the lens 120, and the bandpass filter 211 in this order.
- the characteristic of the band pass filter 211 is set to a characteristic that transmits light having a wavelength near 450 nm and removes light of other wavelengths. Therefore, the two-photon excitation fluorescence passes through the band-pass filter 211 and is converted into an electric signal (fluorescence signal indicating the amount of fluorescence) by the PMT 201.
- the laser spot scans two-dimensionally in the observation region on the specimen SM (in the field of view of the objective lens 117).
- the PMT 201 reads the fluorescence signal.
- Each fluorescence signal read out at each position is sent to the control unit 130.
- the control unit 130 creates a fluorescence image of the observation area based on each fluorescence signal. If the control unit 130 moves the stage 11 up and down in the optical axis direction and further reads each fluorescence signal while scanning the laser spot in a two-dimensional manner, a three-dimensional image of the sample SM can be obtained.
- the optical pulse generator having the broadband optical amplifier of the first to fourth embodiments is used. Therefore, since an ultrashort light pulse having a pulse width of less than 5 femtoseconds can be generated, the two-photon excitation fluorescence microscope apparatus 51 can further increase the time resolution and observe a faster phenomenon of the sample SM.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a microscope portion of the nonlinear optical microscope apparatus 53.
- the nonlinear optical microscope apparatus 53 of the sixth embodiment employs detection principles of second harmonic generation and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in addition to two-photon excitation.
- the nonlinear optical microscope apparatus 53 of the present embodiment includes two laser light sources 121 and 122.
- One laser light source is a femtosecond pulse laser light source 121 used for two-photon excitation observation, second harmonic generation observation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering observation, and the other laser light source is a coherent anti-Stokes Raman.
- a laser light source 122 used for scattering observation.
- the femtosecond pulse laser light source 121 is used as a light source for anti-Stokes light
- the laser light source 122 is used as a light source for pump light.
- the nonlinear optical microscope apparatus 53 of the sixth embodiment includes a first detection unit 220 and a second detection unit 240.
- a dichroic mirror 115 ′ is disposed between the dichroic mirror 115 and the first detection unit 220.
- the dichroic mirror 115 ′ reflects the coherent Stokes Raman scattering light generated in the sample SM and guides it to the second detection unit 240, and transmits the two-photon excitation fluorescence and the second harmonic generated in the sample SM. 1 is guided to the detection unit 220.
- the first detection unit 220 is a detection unit that is used for both two-photon excitation observation and second harmonic generation observation, and has the same configuration as the detection unit 200 in the fifth embodiment.
- the first detection unit 220 includes a bandpass filter 211 and a bandpass filter 211 ′.
- the bandpass filter 211 is a filter for observation of two-photon excitation
- the bandpass filter 211 ′ is a filter that transmits the second harmonic and cuts other light.
- the second detector 240 is a detector used for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering observation.
- a lens 124, a mirror 125, a spectroscopic element 126, a lens 127, a light shielding member 128, a lens 129, and a detector 130 are arranged.
- the light shielding member 128 has a function of allowing the coherent Stokes Raman scattering light to pass therethrough and shielding other light.
- the sample SM is irradiated with anti-Stokes light and excitation light.
- the second harmonic and two-photon excitation fluorescence generated in the sample SM enter the first detection unit 220.
- the coherent Stokes Raman scattering light generated in the sample SM is detected by the second detection unit 240.
- the first detection unit 220 can detect two-photon excitation fluorescence. If a bandpass filter 211 ′ that transmits the second harmonic is inserted in the optical path of the first detector 220, the first detector 220 can detect the second harmonic.
- the femtosecond pulse laser light source 121 that emits an ultrashort light pulse whose pulse width is less than 5 femtoseconds is used as in the fifth embodiment. Therefore, the nonlinear optical microscope apparatus 53 can observe the faster phenomenon of the specimen SM with higher time resolution.
- a microscope apparatus using a femtosecond pulse laser light source that emits an ultrashort light pulse whose pulse width is less than 5 femtoseconds is shown.
- An example of an optical instrument that uses a femtosecond pulse laser light source that emits an ultrashort light pulse of less than 5 femtoseconds is not limited to a microscope apparatus.
- a femtosecond pulse laser that emits an ultrashort light pulse is a laser. It can be applied to processing machines.
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Abstract
Description
第3の観点による光学機器は、第2の観点の光パルス発生装置を使用した光学機器である。
NOPA … 非共直線光パラメトリック増幅器
M1,M2,M3,M4,M5 … 平面ミラー
SHG … 第2高調波発生器
THG … 第3高調波発生器
FHG … 第4高調波発生器
TSL … チタンサファイヤレーザー光源
CL … シリンドリカルレンズ
PR … プリズム
WH … 白色光線
L11、L12、L13、L21、L22 … 増幅された信号光
L1、L2、L3、L4 … 励起光である光線(790nm)、光線(395nm)、光線(263nm)、光線(198nm)
SM … 標本
110 … フェムト秒パルスレーザー光源
111 … ステージ
113 … ビームエキスパンダ
114 … リレー光学系
115 … ダイクロイックミラー
117A,119 … 絞り
117 … 対物レンズ
118 … 結像レンズ
120,124,127,129 … レンズ
121 … フェムト秒パルスレーザー光源、122 … レーザー光源
125 … ミラー
126 … 分光素子
128 … 遮光部材
130 … コントロールユニット
200,300 … 検出部
201 … 光電子増倍管(PMT)
211 … 二光子励起観察用のバンドパスフィルタ
211’ … 第二高調波を透過しそれ以外の光をバンドパスフィルタ
本発明による第1実施例の広帯域光増幅器10の実施の形態を、図1を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は、広帯域光増幅器10の概略図である。
図2(a)において、励起光である光線L2が第1非共直線光パラメトリック増幅器NOPA1に入ると第1非共直線光パラメトリック増幅器NOPA1が励起され、アイドラー光IDが発生し、白色光線WHを増幅させる。(a)では数倍の増幅のように描かれているが数十倍から数百倍に増幅することができる。同様に、励起光である光線L3が第2非共直線光パラメトリック増幅器NOPA2に入ると第2非共直線光パラメトリック増幅器NOPA2が励起され、アイドラー光IDが発生し、信号光L11を増幅させる。但し、図2(a)はアイドラー光IDの群速度の信号光方向の射影成分が信号光L11の群速度と一致していることを前提として描かれている。
本発明による第2実施例の広帯域光増幅器20の実施の形態を、図3を参照して詳細に説明する。
図3は、広帯域光増幅器20の概略図である。第1実施例と同じ部材などには同じ符号を付している。特に第1実施例と異なる箇所について説明する。
第1及び第2実施例の形態によれば、信号光は図4(a)に示すように350nmから790nmまでの波長範囲を有している。この信号光である白色光線WHと励起光である第2高調波光(波長395nm)を図4(b)に示す第1非共直線光パラメトリック増幅器NOPA1で非同軸に位相整合することで、信号光の群速度とアイドラー光IDの群速度の信号光方向の射影成分が一致する。これにより図4(c)に示すように白色光線WHの約500nmから790nmの波長範囲が数十倍から数百倍程度増幅される。
本発明による第3実施例の広帯域光増幅器30の実施の形態を、図5を参照して詳細に説明する。
図5は、広帯域光増幅器30の概略図であり、第1実施例と同じ部材などには同じ符号を付している。特に第1実施例と異なる箇所について説明する。
本発明による第4実施例の広帯域光増幅器40の実施の形態を、図6を参照して詳細に説明する。
図6は、広帯域光増幅器40の概略図であり、第1実施例と同じ部材などには同じ符号を付している。特に第1実施例と異なる箇所について説明する。
次に、上記実施形態の光パルス発生装置であるフェムト秒パルスレーザー光源110を用いた光学機器について簡単に説明する。
標本SMがステージ111に載置される。標本SMは、例えば蛍光色素により標識された細胞試料である。その蛍光色素の励起波長(一光子励起により励起する波長)は395nm、蛍光波長は450nmである。
次に、第6実施形態としてハイブリッド型の非線形光学顕微鏡装置53を説明する。ここでは第5実施形態との相違点のみ説明する。
図8に示されるとおり、第6実施形態の非線形光学顕微鏡装置53は、二光子励起に加えて、第二高調波発生、コヒーレントアンチストークスラマン散乱の各検出原理が適用されている。
Claims (11)
- 所定の波長範囲を有する被増幅光と第1波長の第1励起光とから、前記所定の波長範囲のうち第1範囲の波長が増幅された被増幅光を射出する第1増幅器と、
前記第1範囲の波長が増幅された被増幅光と前記第1波長と異なる第2波長の第2励起光とから、前記第1範囲と異なる第2範囲の波長が増幅された被増幅光を射出する第2増幅器と、
を備えることを特徴とする広帯域光増幅器。 - 前記第1範囲の波長は前記所定の波長範囲のうち長波長側の範囲の波長であり、前記第2範囲の波長は前記所定の波長範囲のうち短波長側の範囲の波長であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の広帯域光増幅器。
- 前記所定の波長範囲を有する被増幅光は白色光であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の広帯域光増幅器。
- 前記所定の波長範囲は350nmから790nmを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の広帯域光増幅器。
- 所定波長のレーザー光を第N高調波に変換して前記第1励起光にする第1変換器と、
前記所定波長のレーザー光を第N+1高調波に変換して前記第2励起光にする第2変換器と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の広帯域光増幅器。 - 所定波長のレーザー光を前記白色光に変換する非線形変換器を備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の広帯域光増幅器。
- 前記レーザー光を分光するビームスプリッタを備えることを特徴とする請求項5又は請求項6に記載の広帯域光増幅器。
- 前記第1増幅器は第1の非線形結晶であり、前記第1の非線形結晶の光軸と前記第1励起光とのなす角度及び前記第1の非線形結晶内で前記被増幅光と前記第1励起光とのなす内角度が調整されて配置されており、
前記第2増幅器は第2の非線形結晶であり、前記第2の非線形結晶の光軸と前記第2励起光とのなす角度及び前記第2の非線形結晶内で前記被増幅光と前記第2励起光とのなす内角度が調整されて配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の広帯域光増幅器。 - 前記第1励起光と前記第2励起光とを同一方向から入射し、前記第1励起光と前記第2励起光とを異なる方向に射出する屈折部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の広帯域光増幅器。
- 所定波長のレーザー光を出力する基本レーザー光源と、
前記レーザー光を第N高調波に変換して第1励起光を射出する第1変換器と、
前記レーザー光を第N+1高調波に変換して第2励起光を射出する第2変換器と、
所定の波長範囲を有する被増幅光と前記第1励起光とから、前記所定の波長範囲のうち第1範囲の波長が増幅された被増幅光を射出する第1増幅器と、
前記第1範囲の波長が増幅された被増幅光と前記第2励起光とから、前記第1範囲と異なる第2範囲の波長が増幅された被増幅光を射出する第2増幅器と、
を備えることを特徴とする光パルス発生装置。 - 請求項10に記載の光パルス発生装置を光源として用いることを特徴とする光学機器。
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