WO2009084196A1 - 移動体駆動システム、パターン形成装置、露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
移動体駆動システム、パターン形成装置、露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009084196A1 WO2009084196A1 PCT/JP2008/003950 JP2008003950W WO2009084196A1 WO 2009084196 A1 WO2009084196 A1 WO 2009084196A1 JP 2008003950 W JP2008003950 W JP 2008003950W WO 2009084196 A1 WO2009084196 A1 WO 2009084196A1
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- moving body
- scale
- heads
- predetermined plane
- measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/7085—Detection arrangement, e.g. detectors of apparatus alignment possibly mounted on wafers, exposure dose, photo-cleaning flux, stray light, thermal load
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70775—Position control, e.g. interferometers or encoders for determining the stage position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70716—Stages
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70758—Drive means, e.g. actuators, motors for long- or short-stroke modules or fine or coarse driving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70808—Construction details, e.g. housing, load-lock, seals or windows for passing light in or out of apparatus
- G03F7/70825—Mounting of individual elements, e.g. mounts, holders or supports
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7003—Alignment type or strategy, e.g. leveling, global alignment
- G03F9/7007—Alignment other than original with workpiece
- G03F9/7015—Reference, i.e. alignment of original or workpiece with respect to a reference not on the original or workpiece
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7049—Technique, e.g. interferometric
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7088—Alignment mark detection, e.g. TTR, TTL, off-axis detection, array detector, video detection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moving body drive system, a pattern forming apparatus, an exposure apparatus and an exposure method, and a device manufacturing method. More specifically, the position of a moving body is measured using an encoder system and substantially along a predetermined plane.
- the present invention relates to a device manufacturing method using an exposure method.
- a step-and-repeat projection exposure apparatus such as a semiconductor element or a liquid crystal display element
- a step-and-repeat projection exposure apparatus such as a semiconductor element or a liquid crystal display element
- An apparatus a so-called scanning stepper (also called a scanner) or the like is mainly used.
- the position of a stage for holding a substrate to be exposed is generally measured using a laser interferometer.
- the required performance has become severe due to the miniaturization of the pattern accompanying the high integration of semiconductor elements.
- the allowable value of the total overlay error is on the order of several nanometers, and accordingly, the allowable value of the position control error of the stage is also below the sub-nano order. Therefore, short-term fluctuations in measured values due to air fluctuations caused by the temperature change and / or temperature gradient of the atmosphere on the beam path of the laser interferometer can no longer be ignored.
- Patent Document 1 a grid plate is used above a substrate table over a wide range including the entire range of movement of the substrate table.
- Patent Document 1 since it is difficult to manufacture a large area and high accuracy grid plate as disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to arrange a plurality of grid plates side by side. In addition, using a grid plate having a large area as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is difficult in terms of layout and accuracy, and is almost impractical especially in terms of cost.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. From a first viewpoint, the present invention is a moving body drive system that substantially drives a moving body along a predetermined plane.
- a first scale is formed on a first surface parallel to a plane, with a first direction being a longitudinal direction and a first lattice having a periodic direction in the first direction or a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- a second head group including a plurality of second heads whose measurement direction is the periodic direction of two gratings, the output of the first head facing the first scale, and the second scale facing the second scale
- a measurement system that calculates position information of at least two degrees of freedom in the predetermined plane including the first and second directions of the moving body based on the output of the second head; and calculated by the measurement system
- a driving system that drives the moving body along the predetermined plane based on position information.
- the measurement system includes a predetermined including the first and second directions of the moving body based on the output of the first head facing the first scale and the output of the second head facing the second scale. Position information in the direction of at least two degrees of freedom in the plane is calculated, and the moving body is driven along a predetermined plane by the drive system based on the position information calculated by the measurement system. Accordingly, the moving body can be accurately moved along the predetermined plane based on the measurement value of the measuring system in the entire moving range of the moving body without arranging a scale (grid) corresponding to the entire moving range of the moving body. It becomes possible to drive well.
- the present invention is a moving body drive system that drives a moving body substantially along a predetermined plane, on the first surface parallel to the predetermined plane that the moving body faces, A scale formed with a first direction as a longitudinal direction and formed with a two-dimensional grating having a periodic direction in the first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and substantially on the predetermined plane of the movable body A plurality of two-dimensional heads having the first and second directions as measurement directions arranged on a second surface parallel to the second surface, and facing the scale.
- a measurement system that calculates position information of at least two degrees of freedom in the predetermined plane including the first and second directions of the moving body based on the output; and based on the position information calculated by the measurement system , Moving the moving body to the predetermined plane
- a second movable body drive system comprising: a drive system and drive along.
- the measurement system calculates position information in at least two degrees of freedom in a predetermined plane including the first and second directions of the moving body, and drives The moving body is driven along a predetermined plane by the system based on the position information calculated by the measurement system. Accordingly, the moving body can be accurately moved along the predetermined plane based on the measurement value of the measuring system in the entire moving range of the moving body without arranging a scale (grid) corresponding to the entire moving range of the moving body. It becomes possible to drive well.
- the present invention is a pattern forming apparatus for forming a pattern on an object, the patterning apparatus generating a pattern on the object; and the first and second movable body drive systems of the present invention. And a pattern forming apparatus for driving a moving body on which the object is placed by the moving body driving system for forming a pattern on the object.
- the pattern is generated on the object with high accuracy by generating the pattern on the object on the mobile object that is driven with high accuracy by either the first or second mobile object driving system of the present invention. It becomes possible to form.
- an exposure apparatus for forming a pattern on an object by irradiating an energy beam, wherein the patterning apparatus irradiates the object with the energy beam; And a first exposure apparatus that drives the moving object on which the object is placed by the moving object driving system for relative movement between the energy beam and the object. is there.
- the movement of placing the object by either the first or second moving body drive system of the present invention is driven with high accuracy. Accordingly, it is possible to form a pattern on the object with high accuracy by scanning exposure.
- an exposure apparatus that exposes an object with an energy beam, the movable body holding the object and movable along a predetermined plane; and substantially parallel to the predetermined plane. And a scale arranged with the first direction as a longitudinal direction; and a plurality of heads provided on the movable body and having different positions with respect to a second direction orthogonal to the first direction within the predetermined plane, and at least the object And an encoder system that measures the position information of the movable body with at least one of the plurality of heads facing the scale during the exposure of the second exposure apparatus.
- the plurality of heads of the encoder system are provided on the moving body, and at least at the time of exposure of the object, facing the scale arranged substantially parallel to the predetermined plane and having the first direction as the longitudinal direction, Position information of the moving body is measured by at least one of the plurality of heads.
- the present invention includes: exposing an object using any one of the first and second exposure apparatuses of the present invention; and developing the exposed object. This is a device manufacturing method.
- an exposure method for exposing an object with an energy beam for exposing an object with an energy beam, the object being held by a moving body; and any one of the first and second moving body drive systems of the present invention. And driving the moving body to expose the object with the energy beam.
- the moving body holding the object is driven with high accuracy by either the first or second moving body driving system of the present invention, it is possible to perform good exposure on the object.
- the moving body on the basis of the output of the first head facing the first scale and the output of the second head facing the second scale, at least within a predetermined plane including the first and second directions of the moving body. Position information in the direction of two degrees of freedom is calculated, and the moving body is driven along a predetermined plane based on the position information calculated by the measurement system. Accordingly, the moving body can be accurately moved along the predetermined plane based on the measurement value of the measuring system in the entire moving range of the moving body without arranging a scale (grid) corresponding to the entire moving range of the moving body. It becomes possible to drive well, and as a result, highly accurate exposure can be performed on an object held by the moving body.
- a third exposure method comprising; mobile along said predetermined plane and driving step of driving.
- position information of at least two degrees of freedom in a predetermined plane including the first and second directions of the moving body is calculated and calculated by the measurement system.
- the moving body is driven along a predetermined plane based on the positional information. Accordingly, the moving body can be accurately moved along the predetermined plane based on the measurement value of the measuring system in the entire moving range of the moving body without arranging a scale (grid) corresponding to the entire moving range of the moving body. It becomes possible to drive well, and as a result, highly accurate exposure can be performed on an object held by the moving body.
- an exposure method for exposing an object held by a movable body movable along a predetermined plane with an energy beam the exposure method being provided on the movable body, and within the predetermined plane.
- the encoder system having a plurality of heads having different positions with respect to a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the plurality of the plurality of heads facing a scale disposed substantially parallel to the predetermined plane and having the first direction as a longitudinal direction
- the position information of the movable body is measured at least when the object is exposed by at least one of the heads.
- an encoder system in which a plurality of heads having different positions with respect to the second direction are provided on the moving body is used, and at least at the time of object exposure, the first direction is arranged substantially parallel to the predetermined plane. Position information of the moving body is measured by at least one of the plurality of heads facing the scale.
- the object is exposed using any one of the second, third, and fourth exposure methods of the present invention; and the exposed object is developed. It is the 2nd device manufacturing method containing.
- FIG. 5A shows a state where the wafer stage is located at a position where the vicinity of the center of the wafer is directly below the projection unit
- FIG. 5B shows an intermediate vicinity between the center and the outer periphery of the wafer immediately below the projection unit.
- FIG. 6A shows a state where the wafer stage is located at a position where the vicinity of the edge on the + Y side of the wafer is directly below the projection unit PU
- FIG. 6B shows the X axis and Y viewed from the center of the wafer.
- FIG. 6B shows the state in which the wafer stage exists in the position where the edge vicinity of the direction which makes 45 degrees with respect to an axis
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an exposure apparatus 100 according to an embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is a step-and-scan reduction projection exposure apparatus, that is, a so-called scanner.
- a projection optical system PL is provided.
- a direction parallel to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL is a Z-axis direction, and a reticle in a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
- the direction in which the wafer is relatively scanned is the Y-axis direction
- the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis and the Y-axis is the X-axis direction
- the rotation (tilt) directions around the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are ⁇ x, ⁇ y
- the explanation will be given with respect to the ⁇ z direction.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes an illumination system 10, a reticle stage RST for holding a reticle R, a projection unit PU, a wafer stage device 12 including a wafer stage WST on which a wafer W is placed, a control system for these, and the like.
- the illumination system 10 includes a light source, an illuminance uniformizing optical system including an optical integrator, a reticle blind, and the like (both not shown) as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0025890. And an illumination optical system.
- the illumination system 10 illuminates the slit-shaped illumination area IAR on the reticle R defined by the reticle blind (masking system) with illumination light (exposure light) IL with a substantially uniform illuminance.
- illumination light IL for example, ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used.
- reticle stage RST On reticle stage RST, reticle R on which a circuit pattern or the like is formed on its pattern surface (lower surface in FIG. 1) is fixed, for example, by vacuum suction.
- the reticle stage RST can be finely driven in the XY plane by a reticle stage drive system 11 including a linear motor, for example, and has a predetermined scanning speed in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction which is the horizontal direction in FIG. 1). It can be driven by.
- Position information (including rotation information in the ⁇ z direction) of the reticle stage RST in the XY plane (moving plane) is transferred by a reticle laser interferometer (hereinafter referred to as “reticle interferometer”) 16 shown in FIG. 15 (in fact, a Y moving mirror (or a retroreflector) having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the Y-axis direction and an X moving mirror having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the X-axis direction) are provided.
- the detection is always performed with a resolution of, for example, about 0.25 nm with reference to the fixed mirror 14 (actually each of the X fixed mirror and the Y fixed mirror) fixed to the side surface of the lens barrel 40 constituting the projection unit PU.
- the projection unit PU is held on a part of the body (lens barrel surface plate) (not shown) via a flange FLG below the reticle stage RST in FIG.
- the projection unit PU includes a lens barrel 40 having a cylindrical shape and a flange FLG provided in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the outer periphery thereof, and a projection optical system PL composed of a plurality of optical elements held by the lens barrel 40.
- the projection optical system PL for example, a refractive optical system including a plurality of optical elements (lens elements) arranged along an optical axis AX parallel to the Z-axis direction is used.
- the projection optical system PL is, for example, both-side telecentric and has a predetermined projection magnification (for example, 1/4 times or 1/5 times). For this reason, when the illumination area IAR is illuminated by the illumination light IL from the illumination system 10, the illumination that has passed through the reticle R, in which the first surface (object surface) of the projection optical system PL and the pattern surface are substantially aligned, is passed. Due to the light IL, a reduced image of the circuit pattern of the reticle in the illumination area IAR (a reduced image of a part of the circuit pattern) is projected to the second surface (image surface) side of the projection optical system PL via the projection optical system PL.
- a predetermined projection magnification for example, 1/4 times or 1/5 times.
- reticle R is moved relative to illumination area IAR (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction), and in exposure area (illumination light IL).
- illumination area IAR illumination light IL
- exposure area exposure area
- a pattern is generated on the wafer W by the illumination system 10, the reticle R, and the projection optical system PL, and the pattern is formed on the wafer W by exposure of the sensitive layer (resist layer) on the wafer W by the illumination light IL. Is formed.
- the wafer stage apparatus 12 includes a stage base 71 supported substantially horizontally by a plurality of (for example, three or four) vibration isolation mechanisms (not shown) arranged on a base plate BS installed on the floor surface F, A wafer stage WST disposed above the stage base 71, a wafer stage drive system 27 (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 4) for driving the wafer stage WST, and the like are provided.
- the stage base 71 is made of a member having a flat outer shape, and the upper surface of the stage base 71 is finished with a very high flatness and serves as a guide surface when the wafer stage WST is moved.
- a coil unit including a plurality of coils arranged in a matrix with the XY two-dimensional direction as the row direction and the column direction is accommodated.
- wafer stage WST has a stage main body 30 and a wafer table WTB on the stage main body 30, and a magnetic levitation type planar motor is formed on the bottom of stage main body 30 together with the coil unit described above.
- a magnet unit 31 having a plurality of magnets is provided.
- the coil unit has not only an X-axis direction drive coil and a Y-axis direction drive coil but also a Z-axis direction drive coil.
- a wafer stage A moving magnet type planar motor of the electromagnetic force drive method that drives the WST in six degrees of freedom in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, Z-axis direction, ⁇ x, ⁇ y direction, and ⁇ z direction ( A two-dimensional linear actuator) is configured.
- a wafer stage drive system 27 is configured including the planar motor.
- the main controller 20 controls the magnitude and direction of the current supplied to each coil constituting the coil unit.
- Wafer stage WST has, for example, a stage main body driven in an XY plane by a linear motor or a planar motor, and at least three freedoms in the Z-axis direction, ⁇ x direction, and ⁇ y direction by a voice coil motor on the stage main body.
- a flat motor by Lorentz electromagnetic force driving disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,196,745 can be used. It should be noted that not only the Lorentz electromagnetic force drive system but also a variable magnetoresistive drive system planar motor can be used.
- a wafer W is placed via a wafer holder (not shown), and is fixed by, for example, vacuum suction (or electrostatic suction).
- the position information of wafer stage WST in the XY plane includes an encoder system 50 (see FIG. 4) including scale members 46B, 46C, 46D and the like shown in FIG. 1 and a wafer laser interferometer system (hereinafter referred to as “interferometer”). And 18) (abbreviated as “system”).
- interferometer wafer laser interferometer system
- system wafer laser interferometer system
- the scale member can also be called a grid plate, a lattice member, or a reference member.
- X heads (hereinafter, abbreviated as heads as appropriate) surround wafer W.
- 66 1 to 66 10 and Y head (hereinafter abbreviated as “head” where appropriate) 64 1 to 64 10 are provided. More specifically, X heads 66 1 , 66 2 ,..., 66 5 and 66 6 , 66 7 ,..., 66 10 are placed on the + Y side end and the ⁇ Y side end of the upper surface of wafer table WTB. They are arranged at predetermined intervals along the axial direction.
- Y heads 64 1 , 64 2 ,..., 64 5 and 64 6 , 64 7 ,..., 64 10 are provided in the Y-axis direction at the + X side end and ⁇ X side end of the upper surface of wafer table WTB. Are arranged at predetermined intervals.
- As each of the Y heads 64 1 to 64 10 and the X heads 66 1 to 66 10 for example, US Pat. No. 7,238,931 or International Publication No. 2007/083758 (corresponding US Patent Application Publication No. A head (encoder) having the same configuration as that disclosed in 2007/0288121) is used.
- the Y heads 64 1 to 64 10 and the X heads 66 1 to 66 10 are also referred to as the Y head 64 and the X head 66, respectively.
- the four scale members 46A to 46D are arranged so as to surround the lower end of the projection unit PU from four directions. These scale members 46A to 46D are not shown in FIG. 1 from the viewpoint of avoiding complication of the drawing, but are actually fixed to the lens barrel surface plate in a suspended state via a support member, for example. .
- the scale members 46A and 46C are arranged symmetrically with respect to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL with the X-axis direction as the longitudinal direction on the ⁇ X side and + X side of the projection unit PU, respectively.
- the scale members 46B and 46D are arranged symmetrically with respect to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL with the Y-axis direction as the longitudinal direction on the + Y side and ⁇ Y side of the projection unit PU, respectively.
- the scale members 46A to 46D are made of the same material (for example, ceramics or low thermal expansion glass), and have the same direction with the surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1, ie, the ⁇ Z side surface).
- the reflection type diffraction grating is formed. This diffraction grating is formed by chopping at a pitch between 138 nm and 4 ⁇ m, for example, at a pitch of 1 ⁇ m, for example. In FIG. 3, for the sake of convenience of illustration, the pitch of the lattice is shown much wider than the actual pitch.
- a cover member eg, a glass plate
- a cover member that is substantially transparent to the measurement beam from the head may be provided on the surfaces (lattice surfaces) of the scale members 46A to 46D.
- the scale members 46A and 46C are used for measuring the position of the wafer stage WST in the Y-axis direction because the diffraction grating uses the Y-axis direction as the periodic direction.
- Scale members 46B and 46D are used for measuring the position of wafer stage WST in the X-axis direction because the diffraction grating uses the X-axis direction as the periodic direction.
- X heads 66 1 , 66 2 ,..., 66 5 , and 66 6 , 66 7 ,..., 66 10 are arranged on the wafer table WTB at intervals equal to or less than the length of the diffraction grating.
- the diffraction is performed at an interval at which two adjacent Y heads 64 can simultaneously face the corresponding scale members (diffraction gratings), that is, in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the scale members 46A and 46C (arrangement direction of the diffraction gratings).
- Y heads 64 1 to 64 5 and Y heads 64 6 to 64 10 are arranged on wafer table WTB at intervals equal to or less than the length of the grating.
- Each of the Y heads 64 1 to 64 5 and the Y heads 64 6 to 64 10 is opposed to any one of the scale members 46C and 46A, and measures the Y position of the wafer stage WST. Construct an eye Y linear encoder. Further, each of the X heads 66 1 , 66 2 ,..., 66 5 and 66 6 , 66 7 ,..., 66 10 is opposed to any one of the scale members 46B and 46D, and measures the X position of the wafer stage WST. A multi-lens, more precisely, a five-lens X linear encoder is constructed.
- X head 66 p 1 either to 5
- is 66 q (q p + 5 ), respectively facing the scale member 46B, the 46D .
- a pair of Y linear encoders 50C and 50A (see FIG. 4) constituted by Y heads 64 i and 64 j facing the scale members 46C and 46A, respectively, and an X head 66 p facing the scale members 46B and 46D, respectively.
- a total of four encoder measurement values including a pair of X linear encoders 50B and 50D are supplied to the main controller 20.
- 4 includes the pair of Y linear encoders 50C and 50A and the pair of X linear encoders 50B and 50D.
- the interferometer system 18 irradiates a length measurement beam to a reflecting surface formed on the end surface of the wafer table WTB and a movable mirror 43 fixed to the stage main body 30 to thereby provide a wafer stage.
- the WST position information is always detected with a resolution of, for example, about 0.25 nm.
- At least a part of the interferometer system 18 (for example, an optical unit excluding the light source) is fixed to the lens barrel surface in a suspended state.
- the wafer stage WST is formed with a reflecting surface 17Y perpendicular to the Y-axis direction that is the scanning direction and a reflecting surface 17X perpendicular to the X-axis direction that is the non-scanning direction.
- these are typically shown as the reflecting surface 17.
- the interferometer system 18 includes five interferometers: a wafer Y interferometer 18Y, two wafer X interferometers 18X 1 and 18X 2, and a pair of Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2. Including. As these five interferometers 18Y, 18X 1 , 18X 2 , 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 , Michelson type heterodyne laser interferometers using a two-frequency laser using the Zeeman effect are used. Among these, as shown in FIG. 3, the wafer Y interferometer 18Y has an optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL (the center of the exposure area conjugate with the illumination area IAR described above) and a detection center of the alignment system ALG described later.
- AX of the projection optical system PL the center of the exposure area conjugate with the illumination area IAR described above
- a multi-axis interferometer having a plurality of measurement axes including two measurement axes that are symmetrical with respect to an axis (reference axis) parallel to the Y axis that passes through is used.
- the wafer Y interferometer 18Y will be further described later.
- the wafer X interferometer 18X 1 reflects the length measurement beam along the length measurement axis passing through the axis (reference axis) parallel to the X axis passing through the optical axis AX (the center of the exposure area) of the projection optical system PL. Irradiate to 17X.
- the wafer X interferometer 18X 1 measures the displacement of the reflecting surface 17X with reference to the reflecting surface of the X fixed mirror fixed to the side surface of the lens barrel 40 of the projection unit PU as positional information regarding the X axis direction of the wafer stage WST. To do.
- Wafer X interferometer 18X 2 irradiates the measurement surface with a measurement beam along the measurement axis in the X-axis direction passing through the detection center of alignment system ALG, and is fixed to the side surface of alignment system ALG.
- the displacement of the reflecting surface of the movable mirror 17X with respect to the reflecting surface is measured as position information in the X-axis direction of wafer stage WST.
- a movable mirror 43 whose longitudinal direction is the X-axis direction is attached to the side surface on the + Y side of the stage body 30 via a kinematic support mechanism (not shown). Yes.
- a pair of Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 for irradiating the movable mirror 43 with a length measuring beam are arranged opposite to the movable mirror 43 (see FIG. 3). More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the movable mirror 43 is formed by integrating a rectangular shape and an isosceles trapezoid whose length in the X-axis direction is longer than the reflecting surface 17Y (wafer table WTB). It consists of a member which has such a hexagonal cross-sectional shape. The surface of the movable mirror 43 on the + Y side is mirror-finished to form the three reflecting surfaces shown in FIG.
- the Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 are arranged at substantially the same distance on one side and the other side of the Y interferometer 18Y in the X-axis direction. Also, the Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 are actually arranged at positions somewhat lower than the Y interferometer 18Y.
- each of the Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 irradiates a length measuring beam B1 in the Y-axis direction toward the upper reflecting surface (inclined surface) of the movable mirror 43, and
- the measurement beam B2 in the Y-axis direction is irradiated toward the lower reflecting surface (inclined surface) of the movable mirror 43.
- a fixed mirror 47A having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the length measuring beam B1 reflected by the upper reflecting surface
- a fixed mirror 47B having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the length measuring beam B2 reflected by the lower reflecting surface.
- the fixed mirrors 47A and 47B are supported by, for example, the same support (not shown) provided on the lens barrel surface plate that supports the projection unit PU.
- the Z-interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 are irradiated with measuring beams B1 and B2 in the Y-axis direction toward the moving mirror 43, and these measuring beams B1 and B2 are reflected on the upper and lower reflecting surfaces of the moving mirror 43, respectively.
- Each is incident at a predetermined incident angle, is reflected by each reflecting surface, and enters the reflecting surfaces of the fixed mirrors 47A and 47B perpendicularly. Then, the measurement beams B1 and B2 reflected by the reflecting surfaces of the fixed mirrors 47A and 47B return to the Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 through the same optical path as the incident light in the reverse direction.
- the Y interferometer 18Y has the same distance ⁇ X side, + X from a straight line (reference axis) parallel to the Y axis passing through the projection center (optical axis AX, see FIG. 1) of the projection optical system PL.
- Position information in the Y-axis direction of wafer stage WST at the point is detected with reference to the reflection surface of the Y fixed mirror fixed to the side surface of lens barrel 40 of projection unit PU.
- the measurement beams B4 1 and B4 2 are representatively shown as the beam B4.
- the Y interferometer 18Y causes the measuring beam B3 to pass along the measuring axis in the Y-axis direction with a predetermined interval between the measuring beams B4 1 and B4 2 in the Z-axis direction and the XZ plane of the movable mirror 43.
- the position of the central reflecting surface of the movable mirror 43 (ie, the wafer stage WST) in the Y-axis direction is detected by receiving the length measuring beam B3 reflected on the central reflecting surface parallel to is doing.
- Main controller 20 determines reflection surface 17Y, that is, the Y position of wafer table WTB (wafer stage WST) based on the average value of the measurement values of the measurement axes corresponding to measurement beams B4 1 and B4 2 of Y interferometer 18Y. That is, the displacement ⁇ Yo in the Y-axis direction is calculated.
- Main controller 20 calculates displacement (pitching amount) ⁇ Xo in the rotation direction ( ⁇ x direction) around wafer axis WST about the X axis based on the Y position on reflection surface 17Y and the central reflection surface of movable mirror 43. .
- the main controller 20 is a method disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. 2007/083758 (corresponding to US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0288121) based on the measurement results of the Z interferometers 43A and 43B.
- the displacements ⁇ Zo, ⁇ Yo, ⁇ z, and ⁇ y of wafer stage WST in the Z-axis direction, Y-axis direction, ⁇ z direction, and ⁇ y direction can be calculated.
- the X interferometers 18X 1 and 18X 2 and the Y interferometer 18Y and the Z interferometers 18Z 1 and 18Z 2 are typically shown as an interferometer system 18 and are fixed to X for measuring the position in the X-axis direction.
- a mirror and a Y fixed mirror for measuring the position in the Y-axis direction are typically shown as a fixed mirror 57.
- the alignment system ALG and the fixed mirror fixed thereto are not shown in FIG.
- a movable mirror instead of forming the reflecting surfaces 17X and 17Y on the end surface of the wafer table WTB, a movable mirror (plane mirror) may be fixed to the end portion of the wafer stage WST.
- a reference mark plate (not shown) is fixed on wafer stage WST so that the surface thereof is the same height as wafer W.
- On the surface of the reference mark plate there are at least a pair of reticle alignment first reference marks and a second reference mark for baseline measurement of the alignment system ALG having a known positional relationship with respect to the first reference marks. Etc. are formed.
- the exposure apparatus 100 of this embodiment further includes a pair of reticle alignment systems 13A and 13B (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 4) disposed above the reticle stage RST at a predetermined distance in the X-axis direction.
- Reticle alignment systems 13A and 13B use light having an exposure wavelength for simultaneously observing a pair of reference marks on wafer stage WST and a pair of reticle marks on the reticle corresponding thereto via projection optical system PL. TTR (Through The Reticle) alignment system is used.
- TTR Through The Reticle alignment system
- the detailed configuration of the reticle alignment system is disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,646,413.
- As the reticle alignment system for example, an aerial image measurement system in which a light receiving surface having a slit opening is arranged on wafer stage WST may be substituted or used. In this case, the first reference mark described above may not be provided.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes an irradiation system 42a and a light receiving system 42b (FIG. 4) similar to those disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,448,332. And an oblique incidence type multi-point focal position detection system.
- the alignment system ALG (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 3) is provided in the vicinity of the projection unit PU.
- this alignment system ALG for example, an image processing type FIA (Field Image Alignment) system is used.
- the alignment system ALG supplies mark position information with the index center as a reference to the main controller 20.
- the main control unit 20 uses the supplied information and the measurement axis of the measurement beam B4 1 , B4 2 of the wafer Y interferometer 18Y of the interferometer system 18 and the measurement value of the wafer X interferometer 18X 2.
- the coordinate system specifically defined by the wafer Y interferometer 18Y and measurement axes of the wafer X interferometer 18X 2 of the alignment mark on the second reference mark or the wafer on the reference mark plate Position information on (alignment coordinate system) is measured.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram in which a part of a control system related to the stage control of the exposure apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is omitted.
- the control system of FIG. 6 includes a so-called microcomputer (or workstation) including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc.
- the main control device 20 is centrally controlled and is mainly configured.
- the exposure apparatus 100 configured as described above, for example, at the time of wafer alignment performed by the well-known EGA (enhanced global alignment) method disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 4,780,617.
- EGA enhanced global alignment
- main controller 20 based on the measurement values of wafer Y interferometer 18Y and wafer X interferometer 18X 2 of the interferometer system 18, the position of wafer stage WST in the XY plane is controlled by main controller 20, wafer alignment operation
- the position of wafer stage WST is managed by main controller 20 based on the measurement values of encoders 50A to 50D.
- the position measurement system used for position measurement of the XY plane of wafer stage the wafer Y interferometer 18Y and wafer X interferometer 18X 2 to encoders 50A ⁇ 50D It is necessary to switch the position measurement system. This switching operation of the position measurement system is generally performed according to the following procedure.
- main controller 20 drives wafer stage WST in a predetermined direction, for example, the + Y direction, based on the measurement values of interferometers 18Y, 18X 2 , 18Z 1 , 18Z 2 .
- the interferometer Based on the measurement values of system 18 (interferometers 18Y, 18X 2 , 18Z 1 , 18Z 2 ), ⁇ z rotation (yawing) error (and ⁇ x rotation (pitching) error, and ⁇ y rotation (rolling) error) of wafer stage WST.
- the measurement value of interferometer 18X 1 is preset to the same value as the measurement value of interferometer 18X 2 at that time.
- main controller 20 manages the position of wafer stage WST based on the measurement values of encoders 50A to 50D.
- reticle alignment (reticle coordinate system and wafer) is performed using reticle alignment systems 13A and 13B, a reference mark plate on wafer stage WST, alignment system ALG, and the like, as in a normal scanning stepper. And a series of operations such as baseline measurement of the alignment system ALG are performed. Position control of reticle stage RST and wafer stage WST during the series of operations is performed based on the measurement values of reticle interferometer 16 and interferometer system 18.
- main controller 20 performs wafer exchange on wafer stage WST (if there is no wafer on wafer stage WST) using a wafer loader (not shown), and uses alignment system ALG for the wafer. Wafer alignment (for example, EGA) is performed. By this wafer alignment, arrangement coordinates of a plurality of shot areas on the wafer on the alignment coordinate system described above are obtained.
- the position measurement system is switched as described above, and the position of wafer stage WST is managed by main controller 20 based on the previously measured baseline and the measurement values of encoders 50A to 50D, and the reticle interference described above.
- a step-and-scan exposure is performed in the same procedure as a normal scanning stepper, and a plurality of reticle R patterns are formed on the wafer. Is transferred to each of the shot areas.
- FIG. 5A shows a state where wafer stage WST is located at a position where the center of wafer W is directly below projection unit PU
- FIG. 5B shows an intermediate between the center and outer periphery of wafer W.
- a state in which the wafer stage WST is at a position where the vicinity is directly below the projection unit PU is shown.
- FIG. 6A shows a state where wafer stage WST is at a position where the vicinity of the + Y side edge of wafer W is directly below projection unit PU
- FIG. 6B shows the center of wafer W.
- FIG. 7 shows a state where wafer stage WST is located at a position where the vicinity of the + X side edge of wafer W is directly below projection unit PU.
- the Y heads 64 1 to 64 5 , the Y heads 64 6 to 64 10 , and the X heads 66 1 to 66 5 on the wafer table WTB. 4 and 66 6 to 66 10 it can be seen that at least one head (one or two in the present embodiment) belonging to each group faces the corresponding scale member.
- the wafer stage WST is located at any position within the movement range of the wafer stage WST during exposure.
- the arrangement region of the four head groups 64 1 to 64 5 , 64 6 to 64 10 , 66 1 to 66 5, and 66 6 to 66 10 is the length (for example, the head groups 64 1 to 64 5). cases, the distance between the head 64 1 and the head 64 5), at least all of the shots in the (present embodiment to cover the entire area of the movement strokes (movement range) of wafer stage WST at the time of scanning exposure on the entire surface of the wafer W.
- 66 6-66 10 at least one (measurement beams), does not deviate from the corresponding scale member (diffraction grating), that is unmeasurable and not) as long than the size of the wafer W (diameter) It has been set.
- the lengths of the four scale members 46A to 46D in the longitudinal direction are the entire moving stroke of the wafer stage WST when scanning and exposing at least the entire surface of the wafer W. (That is, at least four head groups 64 1 to 64 5 , 64 6 to 64 10 , 66 1 to 66 5 and 66 6 to 66 10 (measurement beams) corresponding to at least the exposure operation of the wafer W). In order not to deviate from the (diffraction grating), that is, not to be impossible to measure), it is set to be equal to or more than the moving stroke.
- the encoder system 50 opposes the outputs of the pair of Y heads 64 facing the scale members 46A and 46C and the scale members 46B and 46D, respectively. Based on the outputs of the pair of X heads 66, position information of wafer stage WST in the three-degree-of-freedom direction in the XY plane is calculated, and encoder system 50 is received by wafer stage drive system 27 in accordance with an instruction from main controller 20. Based on the position information calculated by the above, wafer stage WST is driven along the XY plane.
- the wafer stage WST is placed on the XY plane based on the measurement value of the encoder system 50 over the entire movement range of the wafer stage WST without arranging a scale (grating) corresponding to the entire movement range of the wafer stage WST. It is possible to drive with high accuracy along
- the main controller 20 measures the reticle interferometer 16 and the encoders 50A and 50C (and 50B and 50D). Based on the values, reticle R (reticle stage RST) and wafer W (wafer stage WST) can be driven with high precision along the scanning direction (Y-axis direction), and in the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction). In addition, the wafer W (wafer stage WST) can be driven with high accuracy, and high-precision positioning (alignment) between the reticle R (reticle stage RST) and the wafer W (wafer stage WST) in the non-scanning direction is also possible. . Thereby, the pattern of the reticle R can be accurately formed in a plurality of shot areas on the wafer W.
- each encoder used in the present embodiment various methods such as the diffraction interference method described above or a so-called pickup method can be used, and disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 6,639,686.
- a so-called scan encoder can be used.
- elongated rectangular plate-like scale members 46A 'and 46B' are arranged on the -X side and + Y side of the lowermost end of the projection unit PU. These scale members A 'and 46B' are actually fixed in a suspended state to the lens barrel surface plate via a support member.
- the scale member 46A ′ has an extension line of a center line (center line extending in the longitudinal direction) extending in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction on the ⁇ X side of the projection unit PU and extending in the projection optical system PL. It arrange
- a reflective diffraction grating having a predetermined pitch, for example, 1 ⁇ m, with the X-axis direction as a periodic direction is formed in the same manner as described above.
- the scale member 46B ′ has an extension line of a center line (center line extending in the longitudinal direction) extending in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction on the + Y side of the projection unit PU and extending in the projection optical system PL. Is arranged in a state perpendicular to the extension line of the central axis in the longitudinal direction of the scale member 46A ′.
- a reflection type diffraction grating having a predetermined pitch, for example, 1 ⁇ m, with the Y-axis direction as a periodic direction is formed in the same manner as described above.
- the width of the scale member 46A ′ in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is substantially the same as the scale member 46A described above, and the width of the scale member 46B ′ (the width of the diffraction grating) is This is about twice the width of the member 46A ′ (the width of the diffraction grating).
- Main controller 20 is based on position information of wafer stage WST in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and rotation information in ⁇ z direction, which is calculated based on the measurement values of these three encoders, via wafer stage drive system 27. Then, the position of wafer stage WST is controlled. As a result, the two-dimensional driving of the wafer stage WST with high accuracy is possible just as in the above embodiment.
- the arrangement region of the above-described two head groups 64 1 to 64 5 and 66 1 to 66 5 has its length (for example, in the case of the head groups 64 1 to 64 5 , the head 64 1 and the head 64 5 ) covers at least the entire movement stroke (movement range) of wafer stage WST during the exposure operation of wafer W (in other words, each head group (measurement beam) during scanning exposure of all shot areas). Is set longer than the size (diameter) of the wafer W so that it does not deviate from the corresponding moving scale (diffraction grating), that is, measurement is not possible. Further, in the encoder system shown in FIG.
- the scale member 46A ′ or the scale member 46B ′ has a length (corresponding to the formation range of the diffraction grating) in the longitudinal direction, at least during the wafer W exposure operation. Covers the entire stroke of WST (moving range) (in other words, each head group (measurement beam) does not deviate from the corresponding scale (diffraction grating) at the time of scanning exposure of all shot areas, that is, does not become impossible to measure. ) Is set to be equal to or greater than the moving stroke.
- an elongated rectangular plate-like scale member 46B ′′ is arranged on the + Y side of the lowermost end of the projection unit PU.
- This scale member 46B ′′ has the same size as the above-described scale member 46B ′ ( Length and width).
- a predetermined pitch having a periodic direction in the Y-axis direction for example, 1 ⁇ m
- a predetermined pitch having a periodic direction in the X-axis direction for example, 1 ⁇ m.
- a reflection type two-dimensional diffraction grating composed of a grating is formed.
- each two-dimensional head for example, a pair of X diffraction gratings and a pair of Y diffraction gratings (fixed) that emit a measurement beam in the + Z direction and collect diffracted light of a predetermined order from the two-dimensional diffraction grating of the measurement beam.
- a so-called three-grating diffraction interference type two-dimensional encoder head can be used as the 2D heads 68 1 to 68 5 .
- a one-dimensional head (X head) whose measurement direction is the X-axis direction and a one-dimensional head (Y head) whose measurement direction is the Y-axis direction may be used in combination.
- the irradiation position of the measurement beam may not be the same between the X head and the Y head.
- the term “two-dimensional head” is used as a concept including a combination of two one-dimensional heads such as the combination of the X head and the Y head.
- the wafer W is positioned below the projection optical system PL, and within the moving range of the wafer stage WST during exposure, at least two adjacent 2Ds
- Main controller 20 is based on the position information of wafer stage WST in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the rotation information in ⁇ z direction calculated based on the measurement values of these two encoders, via wafer stage drive system 27. Then, the position of wafer stage WST is controlled. As a result, the two-dimensional driving of the wafer stage WST with high accuracy is possible just as in the above embodiment.
- the position control of wafer stage WST is performed using the encoder system described above during the wafer exposure operation.
- an alignment operation including at least a mark detection operation by alignment system ALG
- position control of wafer stage WST may be performed using the encoder system shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 8, FIG. In this case, of course, the position measuring system switching operation described above is not necessary.
- the alignment system ALG detects an alignment mark on the wafer W or a reference mark on the wafer stage WST
- the arrangement of heads for example, including at least one of position and number
- the arrangement of scale members for example, including at least one of position, number, and size
- Etc. are preferably set. That is, even during the mark detection operation performed by moving the wafer stage to the measurement position of the alignment system ALG, for example, position measurement with three degrees of freedom in the X-axis, Y-axis, and ⁇ z directions is always possible.
- the heads and / or scales are kept in such a way that the position of the wafer stage is not cut off due to the fact that the two heads continue to face the corresponding identical and / or different scale members (diffraction gratings), ie the position measurement by the encoder system becomes impossible.
- the arrangement of the members may be set so that the scale member of each of the above embodiments can be used in both the exposure operation and the alignment operation, or the alignment operation is performed separately from the scale member described above. You may provide the scale member used by. Particularly in the latter case, for example, the alignment member ALG may be provided with a scale member in the same arrangement as that shown in FIGS.
- at least one of a plurality of scale members used in the exposure operation and at least one scale member provided separately may be used to measure the position of wafer stage WST by an encoder system in an alignment operation or the like.
- the above-mentioned interferometer Although the position of wafer stage WST may be measured by the system, it is preferable to measure the position of wafer stage WST by the encoder system including the scale member of each of the above embodiments.
- the wafer exchange operation is performed.
- the arrangement of the head and / or the scale member as described above. That is, it is preferable to set the arrangement of the head and / or the scale member so that the position measurement by the encoder system is impossible even at the wafer exchange position and the position control of the wafer stage is not cut off.
- the exposure operation and the measurement operation are performed substantially in parallel using two wafer stages.
- the encoder system (FIGS. 3, 8, and 9) in which a head is provided on each wafer stage is used. Position control can be performed.
- the position of each wafer stage is measured by the encoder system described above by appropriately setting the arrangement of the head and / or the scale member in the same manner as described above. Can be done.
- the arrangement of the heads it is possible to control the position of each wafer stage using the scale members of the above embodiments as they are, but the measurement operation is separate from the scale members described above.
- a usable scale member may be provided.
- the same arrangement as the scale members of the above-described embodiments for example, four scale members arranged in a cross shape with the alignment system ALG as the center are provided, and the heads corresponding to these scale members during the measurement operation
- the position information of each wafer stage WST may be measured.
- the head (FIGS. 3, 8, and 9) is provided in the same arrangement as described above, and the exposure operation of the wafer placed on one wafer stage is completed.
- the other wafer stage on which the next wafer on which the mark detection or the like is performed at the measurement position is placed at the exposure position.
- the measurement operation performed in parallel with the exposure operation is not limited to the mark detection of the wafer or the like by the alignment system, but instead or in combination with it, the detection of the wafer surface information (step information, etc.) is detected. You can go.
- a measuring device for example, an interferometer, an encoder, etc.
- a measurement stage is provided separately from the wafer stage, When the wafer is exchanged, the measurement stage is arranged immediately below the projection optical system PL by exchanging with the wafer stage, and characteristics of the exposure apparatus (for example, imaging characteristics (wavefront aberration) of the projection optical system, polarization of the illumination light IL) It is good also as what measures a characteristic etc.).
- a head may be arranged on the measurement stage, and the position of the measurement stage may be controlled using the scale member described above.
- the measurement stage is retracted to a predetermined position that does not interfere with the wafer stage, and is moved between the retracted position and the exposure position. Therefore, even at the retracted position or during the movement from one of the retracted position and the exposure position to the other, the position measurement by the encoder system is performed in consideration of the moving range of the measurement stage in the same manner as the wafer stage. It is preferable to set the arrangement of the head and / or the scale member in the same manner as described above so that the position control of the measurement stage is not interrupted due to the failure.
- the measurement stage can be adjusted using a measurement device (for example, an interferometer, an encoder, etc.) different from the encoder system. It is preferable to perform position control. Alternatively, the position control of the measurement stage may be performed only by the interferometer system described above.
- a measurement device for example, an interferometer, an encoder, etc.
- the interval between the pair of scale members extending in the same direction must be widened.
- the corresponding head may not face one of the pair of scale members.
- the projection unit PU is slightly larger in FIG. 3
- none of the corresponding X heads 66 faces the head unit 46B of the pair of scale members 46B and 46D.
- an immersion type exposure apparatus disclosed in, for example, International Publication WO99 / 49504 pamphlet and the like in which a liquid (for example, pure water) is filled between the projection optical system PL and the wafer, a nozzle member for supplying the liquid, etc.
- the encoder system of FIG. 3 may be configured so that two pieces of position information can be measured on one side and one piece of position information on the other side can be measured. That is, in the position control of the wafer stage (or measurement stage) by the encoder system, it is not always necessary to use a total of four pieces of position information, two each in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the configuration of the interferometer system 18 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3.
- the wafer X interferometer 18X 2 is used. may not be provided, and the wafer X interferometer 18X 2, constituted by, for example, wafer Y interferometer 18Y as well as multi-axis interferometers, other X-position of wafer stage WST, rotational information (e.g., yawing and rolling ) May be measured.
- the interferometer system 18 is used for calibration of the encoder system or for measuring the position of the wafer stage in operations other than the exposure operation.
- the encoder system 50 and the interferometer system 18 may be used in combination in at least one operation such as an operation and a measurement operation (including an alignment operation). For example, if the encoder system 50 cannot measure or the measured value is abnormal, the position control of the wafer stage WST may be continued by switching to the interferometer system 18. In each of the above embodiments, the interferometer system 18 may not be provided, and the above-described encoder system may be provided.
- the encoder system 50 measures at least one position of the wafer stage WST in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the position measurement in the Z-axis direction may be performed. good.
- an encoder-type head capable of measuring the position in the Z-axis direction may be provided on the wafer stage, and the above-described head may be provided at least one position in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- a head that can measure the position in the axial direction may be used.
- At least one of the X head and the Y head may be replaced with a 2D head, and the scale member facing the 2D head may be a scale member on which a two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed. good.
- the number of scale members can be reduced from four to a minimum of two.
- the scale member 46B ′ is formed by a two-dimensional diffraction grating. By using the scale member, the width can be reduced.
- a configuration in which a plurality of measurement beams can always be irradiated to one scale member is adopted, and when one measurement beam becomes abnormal, measurement is performed by switching to another measurement beam. It is also possible to continue.
- a plurality of measurement beams may be irradiated from one head to the scale member, or may be irradiated from a plurality of different heads.
- the plurality of measurement beams are preferably irradiated to different positions on the scale member.
- each scale member described above may be configured by integrally holding a plurality of small scale members on a plate member or the like. In this case, when the head facing the connecting portion between the small scale members cannot be measured or becomes abnormal in measurement, the position measurement by another head facing the portion other than the connecting portion may be substituted.
- the arrangement of the heads described in the above embodiments is an example, and the arrangement of the heads is not limited to this.
- the scale member is fixed to the lens barrel base plate in a suspended state via the support member.
- the scale member is held by another holding member other than the lens barrel base plate. You may do it.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention may be applied to a stationary exposure apparatus such as a stepper.
- a stepper Even in the case of a stepper, the position measurement error caused by air fluctuation differs from the case where the position of the stage on which the object to be exposed is mounted is measured with an encoder, unlike when the position of the stage is measured using an interferometer. Generation can be made almost zero, and the stage can be positioned with high accuracy based on the measurement value of the encoder. As a result, the reticle pattern can be transferred onto the object with high accuracy.
- the present invention can also be applied to a step-and-stitch reduction projection exposure apparatus that synthesizes a shot area and a shot area.
- the projection optical system in the exposure apparatus of each of the above embodiments may be not only a reduction system but also an equal magnification and an enlargement system
- the projection optical system PL is not only a refraction system but also a reflection system or a catadioptric system.
- the projected image may be either an inverted image or an erect image.
- the illumination light IL is not limited to ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), but may be ultraviolet light such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) or vacuum ultraviolet light such as F 2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm). good.
- ultraviolet light such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) or vacuum ultraviolet light such as F 2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm).
- vacuum ultraviolet light for example, erbium.
- a harmonic which is amplified by a fiber amplifier doped with (or both erbium and ytterbium) and wavelength-converted into ultraviolet light using a nonlinear optical crystal may be used.
- the illumination light IL of the exposure apparatus is not limited to light having a wavelength of 100 nm or more, and light having a wavelength of less than 100 nm may be used.
- the present invention can be applied to an EUV exposure apparatus that uses EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) light in a soft X-ray region (for example, a wavelength region of 5 to 15 nm).
- EUV Extreme Ultraviolet
- the present invention can be applied to an exposure apparatus using a charged particle beam such as an electron beam or an ion beam.
- a light transmissive mask in which a predetermined light shielding pattern (or phase pattern / dimming pattern) is formed on a light transmissive substrate is used.
- a predetermined light shielding pattern or phase pattern / dimming pattern
- an electronic mask variable molding mask
- an active mask or an image generator may be used.
- a DMD Digital Micro-mirror Device
- the stage on which the wafer or glass plate is mounted is scanned with respect to the variable molding mask. Therefore, the position of the stage is measured using an encoder. An effect equivalent to the form can be obtained.
- an exposure apparatus (lithography system) that forms line and space patterns on the wafer W by forming interference fringes on the wafer W.
- the present invention can also be applied to.
- two reticle patterns are synthesized on a wafer via a projection optical system, and 1 on the wafer by one scan exposure.
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that double exposes two shot areas almost simultaneously.
- the apparatus for forming a pattern on an object is not limited to the exposure apparatus (lithography system) described above, and the present invention can be applied to an apparatus for forming a pattern on an object by, for example, an ink jet method.
- the object on which the pattern is to be formed is not limited to the wafer, but may be another object such as a glass plate, a ceramic substrate film member, or a mask blank. good.
- the use of the exposure apparatus is not limited to the exposure apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing, but for example, an exposure apparatus for liquid crystal that transfers a liquid crystal display element pattern to a square glass plate, an organic EL, a thin film magnetic head, an image sensor (CCD, etc.), micromachines, DNA chips and the like can also be widely applied to exposure apparatuses. Further, in order to manufacture reticles or masks used in not only microdevices such as semiconductor elements but also light exposure apparatuses, EUV exposure apparatuses, X-ray exposure apparatuses, and electron beam exposure apparatuses, glass substrates, silicon wafers, etc. The present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that transfers a circuit pattern.
- the moving body drive system of the present invention is not limited to the exposure apparatus, but may be any other substrate processing apparatus (for example, a laser repair apparatus, a substrate inspection apparatus, etc.), a sample positioning apparatus or a wire bonding apparatus in other precision machines.
- the present invention can also be widely applied to apparatuses having a moving stage such as
- the pattern transfer characteristics of a semiconductor device are adjusted by a step of designing the function / performance of the device, a step of manufacturing a reticle based on the design step, a step of manufacturing a wafer from a silicon material, and the adjustment method described above.
- a highly integrated device can be manufactured with a high yield.
- the moving body drive system of the present invention is suitable for driving a moving body along a predetermined plane.
- the pattern forming apparatus of the present invention is suitable for forming a pattern on an object such as a wafer.
- the exposure apparatus, exposure method, and device manufacturing method of the present invention are suitable for manufacturing electronic devices such as semiconductor elements.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (31)
- 実質的に所定平面に沿って移動体を駆動する移動体駆動システムであって、
前記移動体が対向する前記所定平面と平行な第1面上に、第1方向を長手方向として配置され、前記第1方向又は該第1方向に垂直な第2方向を周期方向とする第1格子が形成された第1スケールと;
前記第1面に、前記第2方向を長手方向として配置され、前記第1格子と周期方向が直交する第2格子が形成された第2スケールと;
前記移動体の前記所定平面に実質的に平行な第2面に前記第2方向の位置を異ならせて配置された前記第1格子の周期方向を計測方向とする複数の第1ヘッドを含む第1ヘッド群と、前記移動体の前記第2面に前記第1方向の位置を異ならせて配置された前記第2格子の周期方向を計測方向とする複数の第2ヘッドを含む第2ヘッド群と、を有し、前記第1スケールに対向する前記第1ヘッドの出力と、前記第2スケールに対向する前記第2ヘッドの出力とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記第1及び第2方向を含む前記所定平面内の少なくとも2自由度方向の位置情報を算出する計測システムと;
前記計測システムにより算出された位置情報に基づいて、前記移動体を前記所定平面に沿って駆動する駆動系と;を備える移動体駆動システム。 - 請求項1に記載の移動体駆動システムにおいて、
前記第1スケールは、前記第1ヘッドが3つ同時に対向可能な前記第2方向の幅を有し、
前記計測システムは、前記第1スケールに同時に対向する少なくとも2つの第1ヘッドの出力と、前記第2スケールに対向する前記第2ヘッドの出力とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する移動体駆動システム。 - 請求項1に記載の移動体駆動システムにおいて、
前記第1スケールは、前記第1面上に、長手方向を前記第1方向に向けて所定間隔で一対配置され、
前記第1ヘッド群は、前記移動体が所定の有効領域内にあるとき、前記一対の第1スケールの各々に、少なくとも各1つ同時に対向可能となる配置で、前記移動体の前記第2面に配置され、
前記計測システムは、前記一対の第1スケールの各々に同時に対向する2つの第1ヘッドの出力と、前記第2スケールに対向する前記第2ヘッドの出力とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する移動体駆動システム。 - 請求項1に記載の移動体駆動システムにおいて、
前記第2スケールは、前記第1面上に、長手方向を前記第2方向に向けて所定間隔で一対配置され、
前記第2ヘッド群は、前記移動体が前記有効領域内にあるとき、前記一対の第2スケールの各々に、少なくとも各1つ同時に対向可能となる配置で、前記移動体の前記第2面に配置され、
前記計測システムは、前記一対の第1スケールの各々に同時に対向する2つの第1ヘッドの出力と、前記一対の第2スケールの各々に同時に対向する2つの第2ヘッドの出力に基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する移動体駆動システム。 - 実質的に所定平面に沿って移動体を駆動する移動体駆動システムであって、
前記移動体が対向する前記所定平面と平行な第1面上に、第1方向を長手方向として配置され、前記第1方向及び該第1方向に垂直な第2方向を周期方向とする2次元格子が形成されたスケールと;
前記移動体の前記所定平面に実質的に平行な第2面に前記第2方向の位置を異ならせて配置された前記第1、第2方向を計測方向とする複数の2次元ヘッドを有し、前記スケールに対向する2次元ヘッドの出力に基づいて、前記移動体の前記第1及び第2方向を含む前記所定平面内の少なくとも2自由度方向の位置情報を算出する計測システムと;
前記計測システムにより算出された位置情報に基づいて、前記移動体を前記所定平面に沿って駆動する駆動系と;を備える移動体駆動システム。 - 請求項5に記載の移動体駆動システムにおいて、
前記スケールは、前記2次元ヘッドが3つ同時に対向可能な前記第2方向の幅を有し、
前記計測システムは、前記スケールに同時に対向する少なくとも2つの2次元ヘッドの出力に基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する移動体駆動システム。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の移動体駆動システムにおいて、
前記駆動系は、前記移動体を前記所定平面に沿って駆動する平面モータを含む移動体駆動システム。 - 物体にパターンを形成するパターン形成装置であって、
前記物体上にパターンを生成するパターニング装置と;
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の移動体駆動システムと;を備え、
前記物体に対するパターン形成のために前記移動体駆動システムによる前記物体が載置される移動体の駆動を行うパターン形成装置。 - 請求項8に記載のパターン形成装置において、
前記物体は感応層を有し、前記パターニング装置は、エネルギビームの照射による前記感応層の露光によって前記物体上にパターンを生成するパターン形成装置。 - エネルギビームの照射によって物体にパターンを形成する露光装置であって、
前記物体に前記エネルギビームを照射するパターニング装置と;
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の移動体駆動システムと;を備え、
前記エネルギビームと前記物体との相対移動のために、前記移動体駆動システムによる前記物体が載置される移動体の駆動を行う露光装置。 - エネルギビームで物体を露光する露光装置であって、
前記物体を保持して所定平面に沿って移動可能な移動体と;
前記所定平面と実質的に平行かつ第1方向を長手方向として配置されるスケールと;
前記移動体に設けられ、前記所定平面内で前記第1方向と直交する第2方向に関して位置が異なる複数のヘッドを有し、少なくとも前記物体の露光時に前記移動体の位置情報を、前記スケールと対向する、前記複数のヘッドの少なくとも1つによって計測するエンコーダシステムと;を備える露光装置。 - 請求項11に記載の露光装置において、
前記エネルギビームを前記物体に投射する投影系と;
前記投影系を保持する保持部材と;をさらに備え、
前記スケールは、前記保持部材に吊り下げ支持される露光装置。 - 請求項11又は12に記載の露光装置において、
前記複数のヘッドはそれぞれ、異なる2方向に関して前記移動体の位置情報を計測可能である露光装置。 - 請求項11~13のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置において、
前記スケールは複数設けられ、
前記エンコーダシステムは、前記複数のヘッドが前記複数のスケールにそれぞれ対応して前記移動体に設けられる露光装置。 - 請求項11、13、14のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置において、
前記エネルギビームを前記物体に投射する投影系と;
前記物体のマークを検出可能なマーク検出系と;をさらに備え、
前記エンコーダシステムは、前記マークの検出時に前記移動体の位置情報を計測可能である露光装置。 - 請求項15に記載の露光装置において、
前記スケールは、前記投影系に近接して配置され、前記スケールとは別のスケールが前記マーク検出系に近接して配置される露光装置。 - 請求項10~16のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置を用いて物体を露光することと;
前記露光された物体を現像することと;
を含むデバイス製造方法。 - エネルギビームで物体を露光する露光方法であって、
前記物体を移動体で保持することと;
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の移動体駆動システムによって前記移動体を駆動して、前記物体を前記エネルギビームで露光することと:
を含む露光方法。 - 実質的に所定平面に沿って移動する移動体に保持された物体をエネルギビームで露光する露光方法であって、
前記移動体が対向する前記所定平面と平行な第1面上に、第1方向を長手方向とし、かつ前記第1方向又は該第1方向に垂直な第2方向を周期方向とする第1格子が形成された第1スケールと、前記第2方向を長手方向とし、かつ前記第1格子と周期方向が直交する第2格子が形成された第2スケールと、が配置され、
前記移動体の前記所定平面に実質的に平行な第2面に前記第2方向の位置を異ならせて配置された前記第1格子の周期方向を計測方向とする複数の第1ヘッドを含む第1ヘッド群と、前記移動体の前記第2面に前記第1方向の位置を異ならせて配置された前記第2格子の周期方向を計測方向とする複数の第2ヘッドを含む第2ヘッド群とのうち、前記第1スケールに対向する前記第1ヘッドの出力と、前記第2スケールに対向する前記第2ヘッドの出力とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記第1及び第2方向を含む前記所定平面内の少なくとも2自由度方向の位置情報を算出する計測工程と;
前記計測工程で算出された位置情報に基づいて、前記移動体を前記所定平面に沿って駆動する駆動工程と;を含む露光方法。 - 請求項19に記載の露光方法において、
前記第1スケールは、前記第1ヘッドが3つ同時に対向可能な前記第2方向の幅を有し、
前記計測工程では、前記第1スケールに同時に対向する少なくとも2つの第1ヘッドの出力と、前記第2スケールに対向する前記第2ヘッドの出力とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する露光方法。 - 請求項19に記載の露光方法において、
前記第1スケールは、前記第1面上に、長手方向を前記第1方向に向けて所定間隔で一対配置され、
前記第1ヘッド群は、前記移動体が所定の有効領域内にあるとき、前記一対の第1スケールの各々に、少なくとも各1つ同時に対向可能となる配置で、前記移動体の前記第2面に配置され、
前記計測工程では、前記一対の第1スケールの各々に同時に対向する2つの第1ヘッドの出力と、前記第2スケールに対向する前記第2ヘッドの出力とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する露光方法。 - 請求項19に記載の露光方法において、
前記第2スケールは、前記第1面上に、長手方向を前記第2方向に向けて所定間隔で一対配置され、
前記第2ヘッド群は、前記移動体が前記有効領域内にあるとき、前記一対の第2スケールの各々に、少なくとも各1つ同時に対向可能となる配置で、前記移動体の前記第2面に配置され、
前記計測工程では、前記一対の第1スケールの各々に同時に対向する2つの第1ヘッドの出力と、前記一対の第2スケールの各々に同時に対向する2つの第2ヘッドの出力に基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する露光方法。 - 実質的に所定平面に沿って移動する移動体に保持された物体をエネルギビームで露光する露光方法であって、
前記移動体が対向する前記所定平面と平行な第1面上に、第1方向を長手方向とし、かつ前記第1方向及び該第1方向に垂直な第2方向を周期方向とする2次元格子が形成されたスケールが配置され、
前記移動体の前記所定平面に実質的に平行な第2面に前記第2方向の位置を異ならせて配置された前記第1、第2方向を計測方向とする複数の2次元ヘッドのうち、前記スケールに対向する2次元ヘッドの出力に基づいて、前記移動体の前記第1及び第2方向を含む前記所定平面内の少なくとも2自由度方向の位置情報を算出する計測工程と;
前記計測工程で算出された位置情報に基づいて、前記移動体を前記所定平面に沿って駆動する駆動工程と;を含む露光方法。 - 請求項23に記載の露光方法において、
前記スケールは、前記2次元ヘッドが3つ同時に対向可能な前記第2方向の幅を有し、
前記計測工程では、前記スケールに同時に対向する少なくとも2つの2次元ヘッドの出力に基づいて、前記移動体の前記所定平面内の3自由度方向の位置情報を算出する露光方法。 - 所定平面に沿って移動可能な移動体に保持された物体をエネルギビームで露光する露光方法であって、
前記移動体に設けられ、前記所定平面内で前記第1方向と直交する第2方向に関して位置が異なる複数のヘッドを有するエンコーダシステムを用い、前記所定平面と実質的に平行かつ第1方向を長手方向として配置されるスケールと対向する前記複数のヘッドのうちの少なくとも1つのヘッドによって、少なくとも前記物体の露光時に前記移動体の位置情報を、計測する露光方法。 - 請求項25に記載の露光方法において、
前記スケールは、前記エネルギビームを前記物体に投射する投影系を保持する保持部材に吊り下げ支持される露光方法。 - 請求項25又は26に記載の露光方法において、
前記複数のヘッドそれぞれとして、異なる2方向に関して前記移動体の位置情報を計測可能なヘッドが用いられる露光方法。 - 請求項25~27のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法において、
前記スケールは複数設けられ、
前記複数のヘッドが前記複数のスケールにそれぞれ対応して前記移動体に設けられる露光方法。 - 請求項25~28のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法において、
前記エンコーダシステムは、マーク検出系による前記物体のマークの検出時に前記移動体の位置情報を計測可能である露光方法。 - 請求項29に記載の露光方法において、
前記スケールは、前記エネルギビームを前記物体に投射する投影系に近接して配置され、前記スケールとは別のスケールが前記マーク検出系に近接して配置される露光方法。 - 請求項19~30のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法を用いて物体を露光することと;
前記露光された物体を現像することと;
を含むデバイス製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI451203B (zh) | 2014-09-01 |
JPWO2009084196A1 (ja) | 2011-05-12 |
US8237916B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
CN101680747A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
KR101549710B1 (ko) | 2015-09-04 |
JP5131281B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
CN101680747B (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
KR20100098286A (ko) | 2010-09-06 |
US20120262691A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
US20090190110A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
TW200935189A (en) | 2009-08-16 |
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