WO2009065282A1 - 1.5v li-fes2 button type cell with metal skeleton - Google Patents

1.5v li-fes2 button type cell with metal skeleton Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009065282A1
WO2009065282A1 PCT/CN2008/000243 CN2008000243W WO2009065282A1 WO 2009065282 A1 WO2009065282 A1 WO 2009065282A1 CN 2008000243 W CN2008000243 W CN 2008000243W WO 2009065282 A1 WO2009065282 A1 WO 2009065282A1
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Prior art keywords
foamed
lithium
positive electrode
nickel
metal
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PCT/CN2008/000243
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qinghai Li
Deli Hao
Original Assignee
Qinghai Li
Deli Hao
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Application filed by Qinghai Li, Deli Hao filed Critical Qinghai Li
Priority to US12/918,429 priority Critical patent/US20110027643A1/en
Publication of WO2009065282A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009065282A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/669—Steels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H01M50/437—Glass

Definitions

  • the invention discloses a 1.5V lithium iron disulfide button battery with a metal skeleton positive electrode, which belongs to the innovation of chemical energy storage technology. Background technique
  • the mainstream 1.5V button battery in the market is divided into two series.
  • One series is a zinc-manganese button battery.
  • the advantage of this battery is that it is cheap.
  • the disadvantages are low capacity, large self-discharge, easy liquid leakage, high and low temperature performance. it is good.
  • the other series is a silver-zinc button battery.
  • the capacity of this battery is more than 30% than that of zinc-manganese, it is expensive because it is made of silver oxide.
  • Silver-zinc button-type and zinc-manganese button cells generally contain mercury. Due to the wide application of button batteries in watches, shoes, calculators, meters and other electrical appliances, when these electronic products are discarded into solid waste, it is easy to cause environmental pollution.
  • the positive electrode active material of lithium iron disulfide button battery is iron disulfide, the negative electrode is made of metal lithium or lithium alloy, and the working voltage is 1.5V.
  • the discharge capacity is higher than that of the same type of silver-zinc battery, and it has no pollution to the environment.
  • the previous lithium iron disulfide button battery has a problem of expansion during discharge, which affects the performance of the battery.
  • the 1.5V lithium iron disulfide button battery with foamed metal positive electrode solves the problem of expansion during battery discharge and improves the quality of the battery. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a 1.5V lithium iron disulfide button cell having a metal skeleton positive electrode which has a stable discharge capacity, does not swell during discharge, and is environmentally friendly.
  • a 1.5V lithium iron disulfide button battery having a metal skeleton positive electrode
  • the button battery comprising a two-half metal casing, a diaphragm and a filling electrolyte disposed in the casing, a positive electrode and a negative electrode are respectively disposed on both sides of the separator
  • the separator is a polypropylene (PP) film having micropores, or a polyethylene (PE) film having micropores, or a composite film formed by combining the two, or a polypropylene felt, or a paper film of fiber, or a 'glass fiber
  • the positive electrode being composed of a current collector and a positive electrode material filled therein
  • the positive electrode material being composed of iron disulfide and selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, and iron powder a conductive agent of one or more of copper powder, silver powder, nickel powder, and one or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene
  • ethylene carbonate EC
  • carbon Acrylic acid acrylate PC
  • diethyl carbonate DEC
  • dimethyl carbonate DMC
  • ethylene glycol dimethyl ether DME
  • acetonitrile AN
  • EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
  • GBL Y-butane
  • the current collector is a metal skeleton selected from the group consisting of foamed nickel, fiber nickel, foamed iron, foamed copper, expanded aluminum, expanded titanium or sintered stainless steel.
  • the positive electrode of the button cell is made of a foamed metal or a sintered stainless steel, and both of them belong to a porous metal as a skeleton, and a positive electrode material composed of iron disulfide, a conductive agent, and a binder is filled in the skeleton to constitute a positive electrode. It can suppress the expansion problem that occurs during battery discharge, thereby enhancing the stability of the discharge voltage of the battery, increasing the discharge capacity of the battery, improving the overall quality of the battery, and facilitating the expansion of the application range of the lithium iron button battery. Lithium iron button battery is competitive in high-end electronic instruments and meters. Moreover, it is advantageous for simplifying the production process of the battery and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. detailed description:
  • the titanium foam is pressed to a thickness of 1, and then cut into a ⁇ 2.2 awake round cake, placed in a 15CTC vacuum oven, dried for 12 hours, transferred to a dry environment of 1% relative humidity, and used as a positive electrode.

Description

具有金属骨架正极的 1.5V锂二硫化铁扣式电池 技术领域
本发明公开了一种具有金属骨架正极的 1.5V锂二硫化铁扣式电池，属于化学储能技术 的创新。 背景技术
近些年来， 随着电子技术的发展和世界对环境保护的日益重视，对化学电源提出了更 髙的要求。 目前市场主流的 1.5V扣式电池分为两个系列， 一个系列是锌锰扣式电池， 这 种电池的优点是价格便宜， 缺点是容量低、 自放电大、 容易漏液， 高低温性能不好。 另一 个系列为银锌扣式电池，这种电池的容量虽然比锌锰髙出 30%以上，但由于其正极采用氧 化银制成， 价格昂贵。银锌扣式电与锌锰扣式电池一般含有汞。 由于扣式电池广泛的应用 在手表、 波鞋、 计算器、 仪表等各种用电器中， 当这些电子产品被抛弃变成固体垃圾时， 容易造成对环境的污染。
锂二硫化铁扣式电池正极活性物质为二硫化铁，负极采用金属锂或者锂合金， 工作电 压 1.5V,放电容量比同样型号的银锌电池高，对环境无污染。但是， 以前的锂二硫化铁扣 式电池在放电过程中存在膨胀问题， 影响了电池的使用性能。 具有发泡金属正极的 1.5V 锂二硫化铁扣式电池解决了电池放电过程中膨胀向题， 提高了电池的品质。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有金属骨架正极的 1.5V锂二硫化铁扣式电池，该电池具 有放电能力稳定， 在放电过程中不膨胀， 而且对环境无污染的特点。
本发明是通过以下技术方案加以实现的，一种具有金属骨架正极的 1.5V锂二硫化铁扣 式电池， 该扣式电池包括两半式的金属壳体， 壳体内设置隔膜和填充电解液， 隔膜的两侧 分别设置正极和负极， 所述的隔膜为具有微孔的聚丙烯（PP)薄膜， 或具有微孔的聚乙烯 (PE)薄膜， 或者两者结合而成的复合薄膜， 或为聚丙烯毡， 或为纤维的纸质薄膜， 或为' 玻璃纤维，所述的正极由集流体和填充在其中的正极材料组成，正极材料由二硫化铁和选 自石墨、 炭黑、 铁粉、 铜粉、 银粉、 镍粉的一种或多种的导电剂， 及选自聚乙烯、 聚四氟 乙烯、聚氧化乙烯、 丙錄酸酯、羧甲基纤维素的一种或多种的粘接剂组成， 所述的负极为 金属锂、锂铝合金或锂硅合金，所述的电解液为 LiPF6、 LiClO4、双乙二酸硼酸锂（LiB0B)、 LiBF4、 Lil或 LiCl溶解在碳酸乙烯酯 （EC)、 碳酸丙烯酯（PC)、 碳酸二乙酯 (DEC)、 碳 酸二甲酯（DMC)、 乙二醇二甲醚（DME)、 乙腈 （AN)、 碳酸甲乙酯（EMC)或 Y -丁内 酯（GBL)的一种溶液或者多种混合溶液。 其特征在于， 集流体为金属骨架， 金属骨架选自发泡镍、 纤维镍、 发泡铁、 发泡铜、 发泡铝、 发泡钛或者烧结不锈钢。
本发明的优点在于，扣式电池的正极由使用发泡金属或者烧结不锈钢它们都属于多孔 金属作为骨架， 骨架中填充二硫化铁、 导电剂、粘接剂组成的正极材料， 构成正极。 能够 抑制电池放电过程中出现的膨胀问题，从而增强了电池的放电电压的稳定性， 增加了电池 的放电容量， 提升了电池的总体品质，有利于扩大锂铁扣式电池的应用范围， 增强了锂铁 扣式电池在高端电子仪器、仪表上应用的竞争力。而且， 有利于简化电池的生产工艺， 适 合大规模的工业化生产。 具体实施方式：
实施例 1
将二硫化铁粉末 50g和石墨粉 50g均勾混合， 然后加入质量浓度为 20%聚氧化乙烯水 溶液 100g， 用玻璃棒搅拌成为浆状， 再把浆体涂抹在 10cmX 10CmX2rara的孔率为 83%的发 泡镍上， 用牛角勺反复的涂抹， 使浆体充分的填充到发泡镍的间隙中， 然后把发泡镍放入 150°C , lKPa的真空珙箱中， 烘干 12h， 取出， 用压片机将发泡镍压至 1議厚， 然后切成 一个 Φ 2. 2瞧的圆饼， 在放入 150'C， lKPa的真空烘箱中， 烘干 12h， 转移到相对湿度 1%的干燥环境中， 作为正极待用。 把 Φ 2. 2mm, 厚度为 0. 5mm锂饼放入不锈钢壳体， 上面 放好玻璃纤维隔膜， 再把正极放在隔膜上面， 如入 0. 5g lMLiCi04在 1 : 3 PC和 DME -的电 解液， 盖好另一半不锈钢壳体， 然后在油压机上封口， 得到扣式电池。 实施例 2
将天然二硫化铁粉末 80g和石墨粉 20g均匀混合， 然后加入质量浓度为 15%丙烯酸酯 水溶液 100g， 用玻璃棒搅拌成为浆状， 再把浆体涂抹在 10cmX 10CmX2隱的孔率为 45%的 发泡铜上， 用牛角勺反复的涂抹， 使浆体充分的填充到发泡铜的间隙中， 然后把发泡铜放 入 15CTC真空烘箱中，烘干 12h，取出，用压片机发泡铜压至 1删厚，然后切成一个 Φ 6. 2mm 的圆饼， 再放入 150Ό真空烘箱中， 烘干 12h， 转移到相对湿度 1%的干燥环境中， 作为 正极待用。 把 Φ 6. 2墮， 厚度 0. 8画 ffl铝合金饼（Li: 98% wt, Ah 2% wt)放入不锈钢壳 体， 上面放好玻璃纤维隔膜， 在把正极放在隔膜上面， 加入 3. 5g lM LiI在 1 : 3: 6的 PC、 DME和 D0L的电解液， 盖好另一半不锈钢壳体， 然后在油压机上封口， 制成扣式电池。 实施例 3
将人工合成二硫化铁粉末 70g和铜粉 30g均匀混合， 然后加入质量浓度为 5%聚四氟 乙烯乳液 100g，用玻璃棒搅拌成为浆状，再把浆体涂抹在 10craX 10CjnX2mm的烧结不锈钢 上， 用牛角勺反复的涂抹， 使漿体充分的填充到孔率为 60%的烧结不锈钢的间隙中， 然后 把烧结不锈钢放入 15(TC真空烘箱中， 烘干 12h, 取出， 用压片机将烧结不锈钢压至 1顯 厚， 然后切成一个 Φ 8.2mm的圆饼， 再放入 150°C真空烘箱中， 烘干 12h， 转移到相对湿 度 1%的干燥环境中， 作为正极待用。 把 Φ8.0讓， 厚度为 lmm锂铝合金饼（Li: 98% wt, Al: 2%wt)放入镀镍铁壳体，上面放好玻璃纤维隔膜，在把正极放在隔膜上面，加入 4.4g 0.8ML1BOB在 1:1: 5:3 PC、 EC、 DEC和 GBL的电解液， 盖好另一半镀镍铁壳体， 然后在 油压机上封口， 制成扣式电池。
实施例 4
将人工合成二硫化铁粉末 90g和镍粉 10g均匀混合， 然后加入质量浓度为 5%聚乙烯 的乙醇溶液 100g, 用玻璃棒搅拌成为膏状， 再把膏体涂抹在 10cmX10cmX2mm的孔率为 95%发泡钕上， 用牛角勺反复的涂抹， 使膏体充分的填充到发泡钛的间隙中， 然后把发泡 钛放入 150Ό真空烘箱中， 烘干 12h， 取出， 用压片机将发泡钛压至 1賺厚， 然后切成一 个 Φ2.2醒， 的圆饼， 再放入 15CTC真空烘箱中， 烘干 12h， 转移到相对湿度 1%的干燥环 境中， 作为正极待用。 把 Φ2.2ιωιι， 厚度 0.7raD!锂饼放入镀镍铁壳体， 上面放好玻璃纤维 隔膜， 在把正极放在隔膜上面， 加入 0.4gl.2MLiPF6在 1:1: 4:1的 PC、 EC、 DEC和 GBL 的电解液， 盖好镀镍铁壳体， 然后在油压机上封口， 制成扣式电池。

Claims

WO 2009/065282 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2008/000243
1、 一种具有金属骨架正极的 1.5V锂二硫化铁扣式电池， 该扣式电池包括两半式的金 属壳体， 壳体内设置隔膜和填充电解液， 隔膜的两侧分别设置正极和负极， 所述的隔膜为 具有微孔的聚丙烯薄膜，或具有微孔的聚乙錄薄膜， 或者两者结合而成的复合薄膜， 或为 聚丙錄毡， 或为纤维的纸质薄膜， 或为玻璃纤维， 所属的正极由集流体和填充在其中的正 极材料组成， 正极材料由二硫化铁和选自石墨、炭黑、铁粉、铜粉、 银粉、 镍粉的一种或 多种的导电剂， 及选自聚乙'靡、聚四氟乙烯、 聚氧化乙烯、丙烯酸酯、羧甲基纤维素的一 种或多种的粘接剂组成， 所述的负极为金属锂、 锂铝合金或锂硅合金， 所述的电解液为 LiPF6、 LiC104、 双乙二酸硼酸锂、 LiBF4、 Lil或 LiCl溶解在碳酸乙烯酯、 碳酸丙烯酯、 碳酸二乙酯、 碳酸二甲酯、 乙二醇二甲醚、 乙腈、 碳酸甲乙酯或 Y -丁内酯的一种溶液或 者多种混合溶液， 其特征在于， 集流体为金属骨架， 金属骨架选自发泡镍、 纤维镍、 发泡 铁、 发泡铜、 发泡铝、 发泡钛或者烧结不锈钢。
PCT/CN2008/000243 2007-11-22 2008-01-31 1.5v li-fes2 button type cell with metal skeleton WO2009065282A1 (en)

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