WO2018059180A1 - 一种高功率高能量化学电源及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高功率高能量化学电源及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018059180A1
WO2018059180A1 PCT/CN2017/099766 CN2017099766W WO2018059180A1 WO 2018059180 A1 WO2018059180 A1 WO 2018059180A1 CN 2017099766 W CN2017099766 W CN 2017099766W WO 2018059180 A1 WO2018059180 A1 WO 2018059180A1
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carbon
negative electrode
positive electrode
power
power source
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French (fr)
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杨恩东
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NANTONG JIANGHAI CAPACITOR CO Ltd
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NANTONG JIANGHAI CAPACITOR CO Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical power sources, and in particular relates to a high power high energy chemical power source and a preparation method thereof.
  • the chemical power source is a device for storing energy by electrochemical redox reaction, and mainly includes a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead acid battery, and the like.
  • the chemical power source with the highest energy density is a lithium-ion battery, and its energy storage density is 150-220Wh/Kg, which becomes the main power source for applications with high volume and weight requirements, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and notebook computers.
  • the chemical power source used by new energy vehicles is a lithium-ion battery.
  • lithium-ion batteries Although the scale of lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles has made a leap-forward development in recent years, the market capacity is quite large, but lithium-ion batteries have slow charging speed, short cycle charge and discharge life, unsatisfactory power characteristics, poor low-temperature performance, etc.
  • the shortcomings still limit the development of new energy vehicles to some extent.
  • lithium-ion batteries In order to make new energy vehicles truly meet the requirements of actual users, lithium-ion batteries must be improved to overcome some of its shortcomings, improve charging speed and cycle life, and enhance high-power characteristics, making it a high-power, long-life, high-energy Chemical power supply.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-power high-energy chemical power source and a preparation method thereof.
  • the chemical power source is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator and an electrolyte interposed therebetween, and the positive electrode active material is a lithium ion metal.
  • the invention relates to a high-power high-energy chemical power source comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode is a mixture of a lithium ion metal oxide and a high specific surface area carbon, and the negative electrode is a hard carbon and a lithium ion metal nitride.
  • the mixture, the electrolyte is a non-aqueous organic solvent containing lithium ions.
  • the base of the above mass content is the total mass of the positive electrode material/the negative electrode material Total mass (excluding solvent).
  • the binder comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose nano and styrene-butadiene rubber;
  • the conductive agent is conductive carbon black, acetylene black, At least one of graphite powder.
  • the mass ratio of the lithium ion metal oxide to the high specific surface area carbon is 5:5 to 10:1; and the mass ratio of the hard carbon to the lithium ion metal nitride is 6:4 to 15:1.
  • the lithium ion metal oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 5Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co At least one of 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ; carbon is activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbon black, mesoporous carbon, carbon gas condensation At least one of glue, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
  • the lithium ion metal oxide is a kind of material capable of reversible embedding and embedding of lithium ions and repeated charge and discharge characteristics; the specific surface area of the high specific surface area carbon is ⁇ 1000 m 2 /g, which is a kind of developed internal pores. Structure, materials that use electric double layer capacitors and tantalum capacitors for energy storage.
  • the lithium ion metal oxynitride is at least one of Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N, Li 2.5 Ni 0.5 N, Li 2.6 Cu 0.4 N, Li 7 MnN 4 , and Li 3 FeN 2 ;
  • the hard carbon is a phenolic resin carbon, a ring At least one of oxygen resin carbon, polysterol resin carbon, furfural resin carbon, benzene carbon, polydecyl alcohol pyrolytic carbon, polyvinyl chloride pyrolytic carbon, and phenolic pyrolytic carbon.
  • the lithium ion metal nitride has excellent ionic conductivity, and its working electrode potential is 0-1.4V (relative to lithium metal), and the specific capacity is 200-900 mAh/g; hard carbon is difficult to use at a high temperature of 2500 ° C or higher.
  • the graphitized carbon material belongs to the polymer thermal decomposition carbon, and has a specific capacity of 300-800 mAh/g.
  • the separator is a polyethylene microporous membrane, a polypropylene microporous membrane, a composite membrane, an inorganic ceramic membrane, a paper separator, a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane or a polyimide membrane.
  • the separator is a microporous membrane having a thickness of 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and has good ability of adsorbing and retaining an electrolyte, and is stable and reliable over a wide temperature range.
  • the concentration of lithium ions in the electrolytic solution is 0.5 to 2.0 mol/L. .
  • the lithium ion in the electrolyte is derived from a lithium salt; wherein the lithium salt is LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ), LiBOB, LiAsF 6 , LiB(CH 3 ) 4 At least one of LiB(CF 3 ) 4 and LiPO 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 ;
  • the non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluorinated propylene carbonate, ⁇ - Butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, vinyl sulfite, propylene sulfite, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetonitrile At least one.
  • the preparation method of a high-power high-energy chemical power source of the invention comprises:
  • the positive/negative electrode clusters in the battery core are respectively welded to the tabs, placed in the outer casing, and the electrolyte is added, and the sealing is obtained.
  • the current collector of the positive electrode sheet is aluminum foil, aluminum mesh, porous aluminum foil, aluminum foam
  • the current collector of the negative electrode sheet is copper foil, copper mesh, porous copper foil, copper foam, nickel foil, nickel mesh, foamed nickel, stainless steel foil. Stainless steel mesh.
  • the positive electrode sheet is prepared by mixing a lithium ion metal oxide, a high specific surface area carbon, a conductive agent, and a binder according to a certain mass ratio, stirring it into a paste, and then applying it on a current collector.
  • the positive electrode sheet is prepared by drying, rolling, cutting, and vacuum drying.
  • the preparation step of the negative electrode sheet is: mixing hard carbon, lithium metal nitride, conductive agent and binder according to a certain mass ratio, stirring, stirring to a paste, and then coating on a current collector, drying, rolling,
  • the film was prepared by cutting and vacuum drying to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the ratio of the components in the positive and negative active materials can be optimized.
  • the invention carries out a new electrochemical design on the basis of the lithium ion battery.
  • the supercapacitor is introduced into the high specific surface area carbon material, and forms a composite positive electrode with the lithium ion metal oxide, thereby generating a synergistic effect of the capacitor battery, which is remarkable.
  • the disadvantage of high irreversible capacity If it is used as a single negative electrode, the energy density of the entire chemical power source is low, which is not conducive to the promotion of its market application.
  • the lithium metal nitride is introduced into the negative electrode to form a carbon lithium composite negative electrode, which compensates for the loss of the first irreversible capacity of the carbon material and improves the overall energy density of the chemical power source.
  • the invention makes the energy storage device have high energy density (can reach 100-160Wh/Kg) and high power density (>5000W/Kg) characteristics (energy density and power density) by performing a new electrochemical design on the positive and negative electrodes. They are all calculated based on the weight of the actual device. They can be widely used in pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, power tools, backup power supplies, photovoltaic power storage, wind power peaking and energy storage.
  • Preparation of positive electrode sheet LiCoO 2 , activated carbon having a specific surface area of ⁇ 1000 m 2 /g, conductive carbon black, and PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 , slurried with NMP, and then coated at 16 ⁇ m.
  • Aluminum foil (coating weight gain: 42mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 40 * 60mm 2 ), 24h vacuum drying (120 ° C) to make a positive electrode sheet.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5:5, slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 98.5%
  • performance test the test system is 2A charge to 4.2V, stand for 5min, 2A discharge to 2.5V,
  • the specific energy of the device is 140Wh/Kg, and the specific power is 6000W/Kg.
  • the capacity retention rate is 80%.
  • Preparation of positive electrode sheet LiMn 2 O 4 , activated carbon having a specific surface area of ⁇ 1000 m 2 /g, conductive carbon black, and PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 , and slurried with NMP, and then coated. 16 ⁇ m aluminum foil (coating weight gain: 42mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 40 * 60mm 2 ), 24h vacuum drying (120 ° C) Into the positive electrode sheet.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5:5, slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 98.0%
  • performance test the test system is 2A charge to 4.2V, stand for 5min, 2A discharge to 2.5V
  • the specific energy of the device is 100Wh/Kg
  • the specific power is 6500W/Kg
  • the capacity retention rate is 82% after 50,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • Preparation of positive electrode sheet LiNiO 2 , activated carbon having a specific surface area of ⁇ 1000 m 2 /g, conductive carbon black, and PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 , slurried with NMP, and then coated at 16 ⁇ m.
  • Aluminum foil (coating weight gain: 42mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 40 * 60mm 2 ), 24h vacuum drying (120 ° C) to make a positive electrode sheet.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5:5, slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 97.5%
  • performance test the test system is 2A charging to 4.2V, standing for 5min, 2A discharging to 2.5V,
  • the specific energy of the device is 160Wh/Kg, the specific power is 5500W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 75% after 20,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • Preparation of positive electrode sheet LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , activated carbon, conductive carbon black, and PVDF having a specific surface area of ⁇ 1000 m 2 /g are mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 .
  • the NMP was slurried and then coated on a 16 ⁇ m aluminum foil (coating weight gain: 42 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, and cut into pieces (active material size: 40*60 mm 2 )
  • the film was made into a positive electrode sheet by vacuum drying (120 ° C) at 24 hours.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5:5, slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 98.2%
  • performance test the test system is 2A charge to 4.2V, stand for 5min, 2A discharge to 2.5V,
  • the specific energy of the device is 145Wh/Kg, the specific power is 6200W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 90% after 20,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5:5, slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 98.1%, performance test, the test system is 2A charging to 4.2V, standing for 5min, 2A discharging to 2.5V, The specific energy of the device is 155Wh/Kg, the specific power is 6100W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 85% after 50,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.5 Ni 0.5 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 , slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 97.9%, performance test, the test system is 2A charge to 4.2V, stand for 5min, 2A discharge to 2.5V, The specific energy of the device is 152Wh/Kg, the specific power is 6050W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 83% after 20,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 2.6 Cu 0.4 N, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5:5, slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil. (Coating weight gain: 21 mg/cm 2 ), dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut pieces (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and vacuum dried (120 ° C) for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 97.8%, performance test, the test system is 2A charge to 4.2V, stand for 5min, 2A discharge to 2.5V, The specific energy of the device is 151Wh/Kg, the specific power is 6150W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 86% after 20,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • phenolic resin carbon, Li 7 MnN 4 , conductive carbon black, and PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 , slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil ( The coating weight gain was: 21 mg/cm 2 ), and dried (120 ° C), rolled, cut (active material size: 41 * 61 mm 2 ), and dried at 24 h (120 ° C) to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 97.0%
  • performance test the test system is 2A charging to 4.2V, standing for 5min, 2A discharging to 2.5V,
  • the specific energy of the device is 146Wh/Kg, the specific power is 5950W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 84% after 20,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • negative electrode sheet phenolic resin carbon, Li 3 FeN, conductive carbon black, PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:10:5: 5 , slurried with NMP, and then coated on a 10 ⁇ copper foil (coated)
  • the weight gain of the cloth was: 21 mg/cm 2 ), and it was made into a negative electrode sheet by drying (120 ° C), rolling, cutting (active material size: 41*61 mm 2 ), and vacuum drying (120 ° C) for 24 hours.
  • the polyethylene microporous membrane is used as a separator, and the positive electrode sheet (15 sheets), the separator, and the negative electrode sheet (16 sheets) are laminated into a battery core, and then the positive electrode group of the stacked battery core is welded on the aluminum tab and the negative electrode.
  • the pole group is soldered on the copper-plated nickel ear, and the welded battery core is placed in the formed aluminum plastic film, and 1mol/L LiPF 6 -EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is injected. 10 g of an electrolyte (mass ratio of 1:1) was assembled into a square energy storage device.
  • the first charge and discharge efficiency is 96.5%, performance test, the test system is 2A charge to 4.2V, stand for 5min, 2A discharge to 2.5V, The specific energy of the device is 143Wh/Kg, the specific power is 5850W/Kg, and the capacity retention rate is 78% after 20,000 cycles of 5A charge and discharge.
  • the energy storage device prepared by the present invention has a first charge and discharge efficiency of 96.5 to 98.5%, an energy density of 100 to 160 Wh/Kg, and a specific power of 5500 by adjusting the kinds of active materials of the positive and negative electrodes. ⁇ 6500W/Kg, the capacity retention rate is between 75 and 90% after 20,000 cycles of charge and discharge, showing good energy, power and long life characteristics, which can meet the requirements of various applications, especially some require high power. High energy and long life use areas.

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Abstract

一种高功率高能量化学电源，包括正极、负极、隔膜和电解液，所述正极为锂离子金属氧化物与高表面积炭的混合物，负极为硬碳和锂离子金属氮化物的混合物，电解液为含有锂离子的非水有机溶剂。制备方法包括：将各原料混合，搅拌至膏状，然后涂在集流体上，经烘干、碾压、裁切、真空干燥制备成正极片/负极片；利用正极片、负极片和隔膜制备电芯，将正/负极集群分别焊接到极耳上，置于外壳中，加入电解液，封口即得。所述化学电源的能量密度达到100-150Wh/Kg、功率密度＞5000W/Kg，可广泛应用于纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车、电动工具、后备电源、光伏发电储能、风电调峰储能等领域。

Description

一种高功率高能量化学电源及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于化学电源技术领域，特别涉及一种高功率高能量化学电源及其制备方法。
背景技术
化学电源是一种利用电化学氧化还原反应进行储能的器件，主要包括锂离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅酸电池等。目前，能量密度最高的化学电源是锂离子电池，其储能密度达150～220Wh/Kg，成为一些对体积、重量要求较高应用场合的主要电源，如手机、数码相机、笔记本电脑等。随着环境保护压力的不断加大，世界各国都投入巨大的人力、物力及财力发展新能源汽车，并且取得长足的发展，新能源汽车推广力度不断加大，商业化市场应用规模不断扩大。而新能源汽车主要使用的化学电源为锂离子电池。
尽管近几年新能源汽车用锂离子电池的规模取得了飞跃式的发展，市场容量相当巨大，但是，锂离子电池充电速度慢、循环充放电寿命短、功率特性不理想、低温性能不佳等缺点还是一定程度上限制了新能源汽车的发展。为了使新能源汽车真正满足实际用户的要求，必须对锂离子电池进行改进，克服其一些缺点，提升充电速度及循环寿命，增强大功率特性，使其成为一种高功率、长寿命、高能量的化学电源。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高功率高能量化学电源及其制备方法，该化学电源由正极、负极及介于两者之间的隔膜、电解液组成，正极活性物质采用锂离子金属氧化物与高比表面积炭的混合物，负极活性物质采用硬碳与锂离子金属氮化物的混合物，电解液采用含有锂离子的非水有机溶剂，可广泛应用于纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车、电动工具、后备电源、光伏发电储能、风电调峰储能等领域。
本发明的一种高功率高能量化学电源，包括正极、负极、隔膜和电解液，所述正极为锂离子金属氧化物与高比表面积炭的混合物，负极为硬碳和锂离子金属氮化物的混合物，电解液为含有锂离子的非水有机溶剂。
所述正极和负极中加入质量含量为1％～15％的粘结剂和质量含量为1％～10％的导电剂中的至少一种；上述质量含量的基数为正极原料总质量/负极原料总质量(不包括溶剂)。
所述粘结剂包括聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素纳和丁苯橡胶中的至少一种；导电剂为导电炭黑、乙炔黑、石墨粉中的至少一种。
所述锂离子金属氧化物与高比表面积炭的质量比为5∶5～10∶1；硬碳和锂离子金属氮化物的质量比为6∶4～15∶1。
所述锂离子金属氧化物为LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiNiO2、LiFePO4、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2、LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2中的至少一种；炭为活性炭、活性炭纤维、炭黑、介孔炭、炭气凝胶、炭纳米管和石墨烯中的至少一种。
所述锂离子金属氧化物是一类能进行锂离子可逆嵌入与嵌出、反复充放电特性好的材料；所述高比表面积炭的比表面积≥1000m2/g，是一类具有发达内部孔隙结构、利用双电层电容及赝电容储能的材料。
所述锂离子金属氮氧化物为Li2.6Co0.4N、Li2.5Ni0.5N、Li2.6Cu0.4N、Li7MnN4、 Li3FeN2中的至少一种；硬碳为酚醛树脂碳、环氧树脂碳、聚糠醇树脂碳、糠醛树脂碳、苯碳、聚糠醇热解碳、聚氯乙烯热解碳和酚醛热解碳中的至少一种。
所述锂离子金属氮化物具有优秀的离子导电性，其工作电极电位在0～1.4V(相对锂金属)，比容量在200～900mAh/g；硬碳是一类在2500℃以上的高温难以石墨化的碳材料，是属于高分子热分解碳，比容量达300～800mAh/g。
所述隔膜为聚乙烯微孔膜、聚丙烯微孔膜、复合膜、无机陶瓷膜、纸隔膜、聚偏氟乙烯膜或聚酰亚胺膜。
所述的隔膜为微孔膜，其厚度在10～50μm，具有良好的吸附及保持电解液的能力，同时在宽温度范围内保持稳定可靠。
所述电解液中锂离子的浓度为0.5～2.0mol/L。。
所述电解液中锂离子来源于锂盐；其中，锂盐为LiClO4、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)、LiBOB、LiAsF6、LiB(CH3)4、LiB(CF3)4、LiPO2(C2F5)2中的至少一种；非水有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯、氟化碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、氟化碳酸丙烯酯、γ-丁内酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙腈中的至少一种。
本发明的一种高功率高能量化学电源的制备方法，包括：
(1)将各原料混合，搅拌至膏状，然后涂在集流体上，经烘干、碾压、裁切、真空干燥制备成正极片/负极片；
(2)利用正极片、负极片和隔膜制备电芯，将电芯中的正/负极集群分别焊接到极耳上，置于外壳中，加入电解液，封口即得。
本发明中正极片的集流体采用铝箔、铝网、多孔铝箔、泡沫铝，负极片的集流体采用铜箔、铜网、多孔铜箔、泡沫铜、镍箔、镍网、泡沫镍、不锈钢箔、不锈钢网。
本发明中，正极片的制作步骤为：按照一定的质量比称取锂离子金属氧化物、高比表面积炭、导电剂、粘结剂混合后，搅拌至膏状，然后涂在集流体上，经烘干、碾压、裁切、真空干燥制备成正极片。负极片的制作步骤为：按照一定的质量比称取硬碳、锂金属氮化物、导电剂、粘结剂混合后，搅拌至膏状，然后涂在集流体上，经烘干、碾压、裁切、真空干燥制备成负极片。
根据整个化学电源对功率和能量侧重点的不同，可以优化调整正负极活性物质中各组份的比例。
本发明在锂离子电池的基础上，进行了全新电化学设计，正极方面，将超级电容器用高比表面积炭材料引入其中，与锂离子金属氧化物形成复合正极，产生电容电池的协同效应，显著提高其循环寿命及快速充放电响应能力；负极方面，使用大层间距、具备快速充放电及长循环寿命的硬炭材料，但是，硬炭材料普遍存在首次充放电效率低(一般在75～80％之间)、不可逆容量高的缺点，若使用其作为单一负极，整个化学电源的能量密度偏低，不利于其市场应用的推广，为了克服其不足，本发明创造性地将自带锂源的锂金属氮化物引入负极，形成炭锂复合负极，弥补炭材料首次不可逆容量的损失，提升化学电源的整体能量密度。
有益效果
本发明通过在正负极上进行全新的电化学设计，使得储能器件具有高能量密度(能达到100-160Wh/Kg)、高功率密度(＞5000W/Kg)的特性(能量密度和功率密度都是根据实际器件的重量计算出来的)，可广泛应用于纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车、电动工具、后备电源、光伏发电储能、风电调峰储能等领域。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
正极片的制作：将LiCoO2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.6Co0.4N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为98.5％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为140Wh/Kg，比功率为6000W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在80％。
实施例2
正极片的制作：将LiMn2O4、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.6Co0.4N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为98.0％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为100Wh/Kg，比功率为6500W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在82％。
实施例3
正极片的制作：将LiNiO2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.6Co0.4N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为97.5％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为160Wh/Kg，比功率为5500W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在75％。
实施例4
正极片的制作：将LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.6Co0.4N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为98.2％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为145Wh/Kg，比功率为6200W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在90％。
实施例5
正极片的制作：将LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.6Co0.4N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为98.1％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V， 器件的比能量为155Wh/Kg，比功率为6100W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在85％。
实施例6
正极片的制作：将LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.5Ni0.5N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为97.9％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为152Wh/Kg，比功率为6050W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在83％。
实施例7
正极片的制作：将LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li2.6Cu0.4N、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为97.8％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为151Wh/Kg，比功率为6150W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在86％。
实施例8
正极片的制作：将LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li7MnN4、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真 空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为97.0％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为146Wh/Kg，比功率为5950W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在84％。
实施例9
正极片的制作：将LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、比表面积≥1000m2/g的活性炭、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在16μm的铝箔(涂布增重为：42mg/cm2)上，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：40*60mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成正极片。
负极片的制作：将酚醛树脂碳、Li3FeN、导电炭黑、PVDF按质量比为80∶10∶5∶5混合，用NMP调成浆料，然后涂布在10μ的铜箔上(涂布增重为：21mg/cm2)，经烘干(120℃)、碾压、裁片(活性物质尺寸为：41*61mm2)、24h真空干燥(120℃)制作成负极片。
选用聚乙烯微孔膜为隔膜，将正极片(15片)、隔膜、负极片(16片)层叠成电芯，然后将叠好的电芯的正极极群焊在铝制极耳上、负极极群焊在铜镀镍极耳上，将焊好后的电芯放入成型好的铝塑膜中，并注入1mol/L LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)/DMC(碳酸二甲酯)(质量比为1∶1)的电解液10g，组装成方型储能器件。器件经化成后(0.1C充电至4.2V，0.1C放电至2.5)，首次充放电效率为96.5％，进行性能测试，测试制度为2A充电至4.2V，静置5min，2A放电至2.5V，器件的比能量为143Wh/Kg，比功率为5850W/Kg，经过5A充放循环20000次后，容量保持率在78％。
从以上实施例可以看出，通过调整正负极各种活性材料的种类，本发明制备的储能器件首次充放电效率为96.5～98.5％，能量密度为100～160Wh/Kg，比功率为5500～6500W/Kg，2万次充放电循环后容量保持率在75～90％之间，表现出良好的能量、功率和长寿命特性，可以满足各种应用场合的要求，尤其是一些要求高功率、高能量及长寿命的使用领域。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高功率高能量化学电源，包括正极、负极、隔膜和电解液，其特征在于，所述正极为锂离子金属氧化物与高比表面积炭的混合物，负极为硬碳和锂离子金属氮化物的混合物，电解液为含有锂离子的非水有机溶剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述正极和负极中加入质量含量为1％～15％的粘结剂和质量含量为1％～10％的导电剂中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述粘结剂包括聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素纳和丁苯橡胶中的至少一种；导电剂为导电炭黑、乙炔黑、石墨粉中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述锂离子金属氧化物与高比表面积炭的质量比为5∶5～10∶1；硬碳和锂离子金属氮化物的质量比为6∶4～15∶1。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述锂离子金属氧化物为LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiNiO2、LiFePO4、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2、LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2中的至少一种；高比表面积炭为活性炭、活性炭纤维、炭黑、介孔炭、炭气凝胶、炭纳米管和石墨烯中的至少一种；所述锂离子金属氮氧化物为Li2.6Co0.4N、Li2.5Ni0.5N、Li2.6Cu0.4N、Li7MnN4、Li3FeN2中的至少一种；硬碳为酚醛树脂碳、环氧树脂碳、聚糠醇树脂碳、糠醛树脂碳、苯碳、聚糠醇热解碳、聚氯乙烯热解碳和酚醛热解碳中的至少一种；其中，高比表面积炭的比表面
    积≥1000m2/g。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述隔膜为聚乙烯微孔膜、聚丙烯微孔膜、复合膜、无机陶瓷膜、纸隔膜、聚偏氟乙烯膜或聚酰亚胺膜。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述电解液中锂离子的浓度为0.5～2.0mol/L。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源，其特征在于，所述电解液中锂离子来源于锂盐；其中，锂盐为LiClO4、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)、LiBOB、LiAsF6、LiB(CH3)4、LiB(CF3)4、LiPO2(C2F5)2中的至少一种；非水有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯、氟化碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、氟化碳酸丙烯酯、γ-丁内酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙腈中的至少一种。
  9. 一种如权利要求1所述的高功率高能量化学电源的制备方法，包括：
    (1)将各原料混合，搅拌至膏状，然后涂在集流体上，经烘干、碾压、裁切、真空干燥制备成正极片/负极片；
    (2)利用正极片、负极片和隔膜制备电芯，将电芯中的正/负极集群分别焊接到极耳上，置于外壳中，加入电解液，封口即得。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种高功率高能量化学电源的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中极片的集流体为铝箔、铝网、多孔铝箔或泡沫铝；负极片的集流体为铜箔、铜网、多孔铜箔、泡沫铜、镍箔、镍网、泡沫镍、不锈钢箔或不锈钢网。
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