Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
  • B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/128—Mixtures of organometallic compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
  • B01J31/146—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of boron
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
  • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
  • B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
  • B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
  • B01J2231/10—Polymerisation reactions involving at least dual use catalysts, e.g. for both oligomerisation and polymerisation
  • B01J2231/12—Olefin polymerisation or copolymerisation
  • B01J2231/122—Cationic (co)polymerisation, e.g. single-site or Ziegler-Natta type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
  • B01J2531/40—Complexes comprising metals of Group IV (IVA or IVB) as the central metal
  • B01J2531/48—Zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
  • C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
  • C08F110/06—Propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
  • C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
  • C08F4/65927—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
  • Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for preparing a supported cocatalyst for olefin polymerization, which comprises reacting a support with triethylaluminum and a hydroxyl-containing compound containing an atom of group 13 or 15 of the Periodic Table. Furthermore, the present invention relates to supported cocatalysts obtainable by such a process. Supported cocatalyst comprising:
• R is a hydrocarbon group.
• A is an atom of group 13 or 15 of the Periodic Table, Y is 1 or 2 and X is 3 minus Y; are known in WO 2004/007570 and WO 2005/063831.
• the supported cocatalysts described in these documents have the drawback that in the powder form they are quite instable for an industrial use.
• the solvent-wet, supported catalysts powder is suspended in an oil mixture and then dried in vacuum. Due to the particularly features of this catalyst system this process gives rise to the drawback that the catalyst system loose activity and furthermore the catalyst powder is difficult to handle.
• an object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a catalyst paste comprising the following steps: a) obtaining a slurry in an organic solvent containing at least: al) a support bearing functional groups; a2) a trialkylaluminum of formula (R ⁇ Al wherein R a , equal to or different from each other is a C'-C 20 hydrocarbon radical optional containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements; a3) a compound of formula (I) (RVA-(0H) y (I) wherein:
• A is an atom of group 13 or 15 of the Periodic Table;
• R 1 equal to or different from each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements;
• Y is 1 or 2;
• Support bearing functional groups al is a support that is able to react with Broensted or Lewis acids or bases such as hydroxyl groups, primary and secondary amino groups mercapto groups, silanol groups, carboxyl groups, amido groups or imido groups, with hydroxyl groups.
• Preferred functional groups contain active hydrogen atoms. Active hydrogen atoms are hydrogen atoms able to react with Broensted bases such as sodium of potassium hydroxide.
• Example of functional groups can be hydroxyl groups or carboxyl acid groups.
• Preferred supports are finely divided organic or inorganic solids which bear the appropriate functional groups.
• Examples are sheet silicates, inorganic oxides or finely divided functionalized polymer powders.
• Inorganic oxides suitable as supports may be found among oxides of the elements of groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Preference is given to oxides or mixed oxides of the elements calcium, aluminum, silicon, magnesium or titanium and also corresponding oxide mixtures.
• Other inorganic oxides which can be used on their own or in combination with the abovementioned oxidic supports are, for example, ZrO 2 or B2O3.
• Preferred oxides are silicon dioxide, in particular in the form of a silica gel or a pyrogenic silica, or aluminium oxide.
• a preferred mixed oxide is, for example, calcinated hydrotalcite, or silica oxide.
• the support materials used preferably have a specific surface area in the range from 10 to 1 000 m 2 /g, preferably from 50 to 500 m 2 /g and in particular from 200 to 400 m 2 /g, and a pore volume in the range from 0.1 to 5 ml/g, preferably from 0.5 to 3.5 ml/g and in particular from 0.8 to 3.0 ml/g.
• the mean particle size of the finely divided supports is generally in the range from 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 5 to 350 ⁇ m and in particular from 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
• the inorganic support can be subjected to a thermal treatment, e.g. for removing adsorbed water.
• Such a drying treatment is generally carried out at from 80 to 300 0 C preferably from 100 to 200 0 C, and is preferably carried out under reduced pressure and/or in a stream of inert gas, for example nitrogen or argon.
• the inorganic support can also be calcinated, in which case the concentration of OH groups on the surface is adjusted and the structure of the solid may be altered by a treatment at a temperature ranging from 200 to 1000 0 C.
• support materials are functionalized polymer supports, e.g. those based on polystyrenes or polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, whose functional groups may be, for example, ammonium or hydroxyl groups.
• R a2 is preferably a Ci-C2o-alkyl, Ci-C2o-haloalkyl, Ci -C2o-alkoxy , C6-C2o-aryl, C ⁇ -C20- haloaryl, C 6 -C 20 -aryloxy, C 7 -C 20 -arylalkyl, C 7 -C20-haloarylalky, C 7 -C20-alkylaryl or C 7 - C 2 o-haloalkylaryl radical; more preferably R a is a Ci-Cio-alkyl radical; even more preferably R a is a methyl, ethyl n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl or isobutyl radical.
• A is an atom of group 13 of the periodic table, more preferably A is a boron atom; R , equal to or different from each other, are preferably Ci-C 4 o-alkyl, Ci-C 4 o-haloalkyl, Ci -C 4 o-alkoxy , C 6 -C 4 o-aryl, C 6 -C 4 o-haloaryl, C 6 -C 4 o-aryloxy, C 7 -C 4 o-arylalkyl, C 7 -C 4 o-haloarylalky, C 7 -C 4 o-alkylaryl or C 7 -C 4 o- haloalkylaryl radicals; more preferably R is C 6 -CiO haloaryl, C 7 -C 2 o alkylaryl or C 7 -C 2 o haloalkylaryl radicals; such as pentafiuorophenyl, pen
• Transition metal organometallic compounds for use in the catalyst system paste in accordance with the present invention are compounds suitable as olefin polymerization catalysts by coordination or insertion polymerization wherein at least one ligand is an organic group.
• the class includes the metallocene compounds similarly and the late transition metal compounds known to be useful in coordination polymerization. These will typically include Group 4-10 transition metal compounds wherein at least one metal ligand can be abstracted by the catalyst activators.
• the transition metal organometallic compound is a metallocene compound selected from those ones of formulas (II), (III) (IV) and (IV):
• M is titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum or tungsten, or an element of group 3 of the Periodic Table and the lanthanides, preferably M is titanium zirconium or hafnium;
• X equal to or different from each other, are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydrogen, Ci-Cio-alkyl, C2-Cio-alkenyl, C6-C 20 -aryl, C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl, C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl, -
• OR or -NR 2 radicals or two radicals X are joined to one another and together form, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted diene ligand, in particular a 1,3-diene ligand, or a biaryloxy group; preferably X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or a Q-Cio-alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl radical;
• R 6 equal to or different from each other, are Ci-C 2 o-alkyl , C 6 -C 2 o-aryl C 7 -C 4 o-arylalkyl,
• L is an organic group bridging the two cyclopentadienyl moieties or Z and the cyclopentadienyl moiety; L is preferably a C 1 -C 40 divalent hydrocarbon radical that can contain heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements; more preferably L is a group (T(R 7 )2) m wherein:
• T is a carbon atom, a germanium atom or a silicon atom; preferably T is a silicon atom; m is 1 , 2 or 3 preferably m is 1 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen atom or a Ci-Cio-alkyl, C 2 -C 10 - alkenyl, C 6 -C 2 o-aryl, C 7 -C 4 o-alkylaryl, C 7 -C 4 o-arylalkyl radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R is hydrogen a Ci-C 2 o-alkyl or a C6-C 2 o-aryl; more preferably R 7 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl;
• R , R , R , R and R are hydrogen atoms, or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-C 2 o-alkyl, C3-C 2 o-cycloalkyl, C6-C 4 o-aryl,
• R , R , R and R can form a saturated or unsaturated, 5 or 6 membered rings, said ring can bear C 1 -C 2 0 alkyl radicals as substituents;
• Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atoms or a group -NR wherein R is defined as above.
• the metallocene compound has formula (VI)
• R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are hydrogen atoms, or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-C 2 o-alkyl, C3-C 2 o-cycloalkyl,
• R , R , R 5 and R can form a saturated or unsaturated, 5 or 6 membered rings, said ring can bear C 1 -C 2 0 alkyl radicals as substituents;
• R is a hydrogen atom and R , equal to or different from each other, is a linear or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl radical.
• Oils used in step b) are inert compounds towards the catalyst system, that is to say oil cannot react with the catalyst components.
• Oil is defined as a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons mixture, which is liquid at room temperature and with a relatively low vapor pressure.
• the oil used in step b) can be selected from mineral oils, synthetic oils, with the proviso of being inert towards the catalyst components.
• Preferred mineral oils are paraffinic white oils and, among these, vaseline oils.
• White oils are colorless, odorless, tasteless mixtures of saturated paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons. These nearly chemically inert oils are virtually free of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and aromatic hydrocarbons.
• Suitable white oils are OB22 AT, Winog 70, Fina Vestan A 360B and Shell Ondina 64.
• Synthetic oils can be obtained, for instance, by the oligomerization of decene, fractionating the product to an average of 30 carbon atoms and successive hydrogenation. It has been observed that a low viscosity of the oil contributes to maintain the particle size distribution of the catalytic particles during step b) of the present invention unchanged.
• the dynamic viscosity of the oil at 20 0 C is preferably comprised between 2 and 400 Pascal x second (Pas), more preferably between 10 and 200 Pas.
• the components al), a2), a3) and a4) are usually combined with one other in the presence of an organic solvent in.
• Suitable solvents are aromatic or aliphatic solvents, for example hexane, heptane, toluene or xylene, or halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as o-dichlorobenzene.
• Preferred solvent is toluene or xylene.
• the support al) is suspended in the solvent and then the other components a2), a3) and a4) are added. More preferably the support al) is first reacted with trialkylaluminum a2) and then with the compound a3) and the reaction product is contacted with a4). However, it is also possible to react the support al) with a2) and subsequently with a3) the reaction product is isolated and further contacted with a4).
• the components are generally combined at temperatures in the range from -20 0 C to 150 0 C, preferably from 0 0 C to 80 0 C.
• the time for which the components are allowed to react with one another is generally from 1 to 76 hours. Preference is given to reaction times of from 2 to 48 hours, in particular from 6 to 24 hours and very particularly from
• the time for which these components are allowed to react with one another is generally from 10 minutes to 48 hours. Preference is given to reaction times of from 20 minutes to 6 hours, in particular from 30 minutes to 1 hour. The time for which the reaction product of trialkylaluminum and the support al) is subsequently allowed to react with the compound a2) is generally from 1 to 48 hours. Preference is given to reaction times of from 6 to 24 hours and in particular from 10 to 15 hours.
• the molar ratio of trialkylaluminum a2) to functional groups of the support' al) is usually from 0.05:1 to 100: 1 , preferably from 0.2: 1 to 20:1, in particular from 1 :1 to 5: 1 .
• the molar ratio of triethylaluminum a2) to compound a3) is generally from 0.05:1 to 20:1, preferably from 0.2:1 to 5:1 , particularly preferably from 0.5:1 to 3:1, in particular from
• the molar ratio between the compound a3) and the transition metal organometallic compound is preferably between 10: 1 to 200: 1; preferably the boron/zirconium ratio is between 30:1 to 150:1 ; more preferably between 40:1 and 120:1 ; even more preferably between (45): 1 and 110:1
• the resulting slurry is preferably filtered so that most of the organic solvent is filtered off and then washed with oil.
• the washing procedure simply consists of adding a volume of
• the amount of oil ranges from 10 to 0.5 kg for 1 kg of solid material; preferably it ranges from 4 to 1 kg for 1 kg of solid material; more preferably it ranges from 3.5 to 1.5 kg for 1 kg of solid material.
• the paste so obtained can be used as such or oil or a mixture containing oil and grease can be further added under stirring.
• the oil/grease ratio preferably range from 50:50 to 90:10; more preferably from 60:40 to 85:15, even more preferably from 70:30 to 85: 15, for example a mixture of oil/grease 80:20 can be added to the paste obtained according to the process of the present invention in order to obtain the paste ready to be used.
• a further object of the present invention is a catalyst paste obtainable with the above described process.
• the resulting catalyst paste in fact, is much more intact than the paste obtained when the slurry is dried on vacuum other then the polymerization activity is increased. The process of obtaining the catalyst paste is more reliable when the removal of the solvent in vacuum is avoidable.
• Grease can be further added to the catalyst paste according to the procedure commonly known in the art.
• the catalyst paste object of the present invention can be used in polymerization processes of olefins in particular of alpha olefins.
• the polymerization can be carried out in a known manner, in solution, in bulk, in suspension, in the gas phase or in a supercritical medium in the customary reactors used for the polymerization of olefins. It can be carried out batchwise or preferably continuously in one or more stages. Suspension processes, stirred gas-phase processes or gas-phase fluidized-bed processes are all possible.
• solvent or suspension medium it is possible to use inert hydrocarbons, for example isobutane, or else the monomers themselves.
• Y is hydrogen or a C1-C20 alkyl radical, in the presence of a catalyst paste as described above.
• the catalyst paste of the present invention is also suitable for the preparation of copolymers of ethylene and higher alpha olefins, such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene,
• the ligand of the Dimethylsilyl-(2 -methyl, 4-phenyl-5,6-cyclopropanyl(indenyl)-2-i- propyl-p-t-butyl-4-pheny(indenyl)zirconium dimethyl has been synthesized according to
• a 14 L autoclave was charged with 20 ml TiBA (20 wt% solution in Exxsol), 300 mg of H 2 and 3,5 kg of liquid propylene.
• the autoclave was heated to 40 0 C when 1,47 g of the catalyst mud (corresponds to 127 mg of neat catalyst powder) described in the comparative example was injected.
• the temperature was maintained for 10 minutes and after that increased to 65 0 C and maintained for another 1 h.
• the polymerization was stopped by venting off the autoclave. 2290 g of polymer was obtained, which correspond to an activity of 18,1 kg/gh.

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